GB1573147A - Construction material for building - Google Patents
Construction material for building Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB1573147A GB1573147A GB46099/78A GB4609978A GB1573147A GB 1573147 A GB1573147 A GB 1573147A GB 46099/78 A GB46099/78 A GB 46099/78A GB 4609978 A GB4609978 A GB 4609978A GB 1573147 A GB1573147 A GB 1573147A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- shell
- resin
- building element
- figures
- rectangle
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000004035 construction material Substances 0.000 title description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000378 calcium silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011257 shell material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229920001807 Urea-formaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 3
- -1 silas baloon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000004640 Melamine resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005517 mercerization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006337 unsaturated polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002972 Acrylic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 244000198134 Agave sisalana Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011624 Agave sisalana Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 240000000491 Corchorus aestuans Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011777 Corchorus aestuans Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010862 Corchorus capsularis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- PYVHTIWHNXTVPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N F.F.F.F.C=C Chemical compound F.F.F.F.C=C PYVHTIWHNXTVPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000007101 Muscle Cramp Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229930182556 Polyacetal Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005830 Polyurethane Foam Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000180 alkyd Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum disulfide Chemical compound S=[Mo]=S CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052982 molybdenum disulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910001562 pearlite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006324 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006327 polystyrene foam Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011496 polyurethane foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002964 rayon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
- E04C3/30—Columns; Pillars; Struts
- E04C3/36—Columns; Pillars; Struts of materials not covered by groups E04C3/32 or E04C3/34; of a combination of two or more materials
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
- E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
- E04C3/29—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces built-up from parts of different material, i.e. composite structures
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Panels For Use In Building Construction (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Description
PATENT SPECIFICATION ( 11) 1 573 147
b- ( 21) Application No 46099/78 ( 22) Filed 14 Feb 1977 ( 19) ( 62) Divided out of No 1573145 ( 31) Convention Application No's 51/013979 ( 32) Filed 13 Feb 1976 & 51/013977 Filed 13 Feb 1976 N 51/016568Filed 19 Feb1976 51/017893 Filed 23 Feb' 1976 in ( 33) Japan (JP) ( 44) Complete Specification Published 13 Aug 1980 ( 51) INT CL 3 E 04 C 1/40 ( 52) Index at Acceptance E 1 W 32 34 6 CUA ( 54) CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL FOR BUILDING ( 71) We, IDEMITSU KOSAN COMPANY LIMITED, a Company organised and existing under the laws of Japan of No 1-1, 3-Chome, Marunouchi, Chiyodaku, Tokyo, Japan, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the
following statement: 5
This invention is concerned with constructional material for building.
In recent years, prefabricated housing has been popularized and prefabricated panels are adopted in most cases However, this method of construction requires a fixed unit length of about 900 millimeters (module dimension), and so design is restricted by multiples of this unit length In addition, each unit length is not common to all panels Therefore, some main panels 10 must be manufactured at a factory or the varieties of panel must be increased at need.
The present invention provides an elongate building element which comprises an elongate shell of hollow polygonal section and core material filling the shell the cross-sectional shape of the shell being that of an octagon and the result of removing twoadjacent isosceles triangle-shaped corner portions from a rectangle and adding these corner portions to the 15 opposite side of the rectangle to form a chevron-like figure, the length of the hypotenuse of each corner portion being 1 times 12 + 1 the length of the side of the rectangle 20 In a building element as set forth in the last preceding paragraph, we prefer that the shell is made of light concrete, aluminium, thermosetting resin, thermoplastic resin, filler-blended thermosetting resin or filler-blended thermoplastic resin.
In a building element as set forth in either one of the last two immediately preceding paragraphs we prefer that said core material is an inorganic substance selected from calcium 25 silicate, calcium sulfate, cement and autoclaved light weight concrete or an organic substance selected from foamed plastics material, wood, sawdust, chaff and straw.
There now follows a detailed description which is to be read with reference to the accompanying drawings of various elements according to the invention; it is to be clearly understood that these elements have been selected for description to illustrate the invention 30 by way of example and not by way of limitation.
In the accompanying drawings:Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view of the cross-section of a first element according to the invention; Figure 2 is a plan view of a plurality of the elements shown in Figure 1 assembled to form a 35 panel; Figure 3 is a plan view of a second element according to the invention; Figures 4 A to 4 D are outline cross-sectional views of joining elements for use with building elements according to the invention; and Figures 5 to 9 are outline cross-sectional views illustrating intersections of panels formed 40 from elements as shown in Figures 1 to 3 and using joining elements as shown in Figures 4 A to 4 D.
A building element according to the present invention is elongate in appearance and comprises a hollow shell having a polygonal section and a core material which fills the interior of the frame The thickness of the shell is dependent to some extent upon the materials used 45 2 1,573,147 2 but usually it is 1/20 to 1/5 of the wall thickness When the shell is made of a resin, the element may be of any desired length and may be used, not only singly but in side-by-side relationship to form a panel.
The sectional shape of an element according to the invention can be considered, viewing Figures 1 to 3 as formed from a rectangle from which two isosceles triangle corner portions 5 have been removed to form a chevron-like element having eight sides, the length of the hypotenuse of each corner portion being 1 /2 + 1 the length 1 of a selected side of the rectangle.
In Figure 1, the dimensions of the element satisfy the following conditions; that is, 10 x = 1 12 + 1 a=b=c=d = 1350,e,=f = 45 .
The dimension 1 is not restrictive, but is usually between 60 and 120 millimeters The lengthm is also chosen according to requirements but may generally set in the range of 1 to 20 1 When the length m is set at 1 to 5 1, the elements can be used for building, for example to 15 form a panel as illustrated in Figure 2.
Further, the length m of an element according to this invention can be longer to form a panel as shown in Figure 3 When elements are assembled in cross fashion as shown in Figure 5, the junction can be fixed tightly by using two elements of which m = 1 Moreover, when a panel is produced by using an element of which m = 2 x 1 exclusing the joined portion, the 20 repeating units of elements have equal space between each unit and thus it is very easy to adjust the size Furthermore, various combinations of elements according to the present invention as shown in Figures 5 to 9 can be easily and stably constructed by using various types of joining elements such as for example are illustrated in Figures 4 A, 4 B, 4 C and 4 D.
Sufficient mechanical strength can be obtained when appropriate adhesive is employed 25 between adjacent elements Accordingly, upon joining the elements, joining can be effected with the elements horizontal or vertical, and thus working efficiency at a construction site is improved remarkably.
The shell is made of a substance selected from thermosetting resin, thermoplastic resin, filler-blended thermosetting resin and filler-blended thermoplastic resin As the thermoset 30 ting resin, epoxy resin, unsaturated polyester resin, melamine resin, phenol resin, urea resin, alkyd resin and the like can be used Examples of thermoplastic resins which can be used are polymethyl methacrylate, polyacetal, polycarbonate, polyester resin, polystyrene, polyamide, polyvinyl chloride and the like Furthermore, light concrete and aluminium can also be used as the material of the shell 35 As to fillers which can be blended with the above mentioned resins, organic substances such as carbon black, carbon fiber, coal (dust), cellulose, xc-cellulose, cotton yarn (mercerization), rind of unhundled rice, graphite, jute, nylon yarn (mercerization), polyacrylonitrile yarn (e g Orlon (RTM) produced by E du Pont de Nemours & Co Inc), rayon yarn, sisal hemp yarn, ethylene tetrafluoride fibre, wood dust, et cetera and inorganic substances such as 40 alumina (foil), alumina fine powder (hydroxide), alumina powder, asbestos, bronze, calcium carbonate, calcium silicate (meta-), calcium silicate, white porcelain clay, white porcelain clay (burned), mica, molybdenum disulfide, silica (uncrystallizable), talc, glass fiber, et cetera, can be used The filler is preferably mixed at a rate of less than 80 weight % to the resin in order to improve its strength 45 As the core material which fills the interior of the shell material, inorganic substances and organic substances are available, the inorganic substances being selected from calcium silicate type material (for example, calcium silicate, silas baloon, pearlite, et cetera) calcium sulfate, cement and autoclaved light weight concrete, and the organic substances being selected from plastics formed materials (for example, polystyrene foam, polyurethane foam, 50 urea resin foam, polyethylene foam, polypropylene foam), wood, sawdust, chaff and straw.
The core materials are preferred to be light weight, and it is possible to improve the strength by using metal wire such as piano wire; glass fibre; whisker at need.
The adhesive for joining two elements may be unsaturated polyester resin, epoxy resin, phenol resin, melamine resin, urea resin, polyvinyl acetate resin; bolts, nails, cramps and the 55 like may also be used.
By utilizing elements according to the present invention, the design and construction of a prefabricated house can be varied Transportation efficiency and execution are largely improved, and design and estimation can be mechanized Moreover, elements according to this invention are superior to wood in humidity-insulation efficiency 60
Claims (7)
1 An elongate building element which comprises an elongate shell of hollow polygonal section and core material filling the shell, the cross-sectional shape of the shell being that of an octagon and the result of removing two adjacent isosceles triangle shaped corner portions from a rectangle and adding these corner portions to the opposite side of the rectangle to form 65 1,573,147 3 1,573,147 3 a chevron-like figure, the length of the hypotenuse of each corner portion being 1 72 1 times the length of the side of the rectangle.
2 An elongate building element according to claim 1 wherein the shell is made of light concrete, aluminium, thermosetting resin, thermoplastic resin, fillerblended thermosetting 5 resin or filler-blended thermoplastic resin.
3 An elongate building element according to either one of claims 1 and 2 wherein the core material is an inorganic substance selected from calcium silicate, calcium sulfate, cement and autoclaved light weight concrete, or an organic substance selected from foamed plastics material, wood, sawdust, chaff and straw 10
4 An elongate building element according to claim 1 substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to Figures 1 and 2 or Figure 3 of the accompanying drawings.
A panel, wall or floor when formed from a plurality of elements according to any one of the preceding claims.
6 A panel, wall or floor according to claim 5 and including a joining element as 15 hereinbefore described with reference to any one of Figures 4 A, 4 B, 4 C and 4 D of the accompanying drawings.
7 A panel, wall or floor according to either one of claims 6 and 7 substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to any one of Figures 5 to 9 of the accompanying drawings 20 ERIC POTIER & CLARKSON, Chartered Patent Agents, Market Way, Broad Street, Reading RG 1 2 BN 25 Berkshire.
Printed for Her Majesty's Stationery Office, by Croydon Printing Company Limited, Croydon, Surrey, 198 ().
Published by The Patent Office, 25 Southampton Buildings, London, WC 2 A IA Yfrom which copies may he obtained.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1397976A JPS5298318A (en) | 1976-02-13 | 1976-02-13 | Point symmetrical basic portion material for construction |
| JP1397776A JPS5298316A (en) | 1976-02-13 | 1976-02-13 | Basic portion material for construction |
| JP1656876A JPS52100715A (en) | 1976-02-19 | 1976-02-19 | Basic portion material for construction |
| JP1789376A JPS52101824A (en) | 1976-02-23 | 1976-02-23 | Structure material |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB1573147A true GB1573147A (en) | 1980-08-13 |
Family
ID=27456110
Family Applications (3)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB46098/78A Expired GB1573146A (en) | 1976-02-13 | 1977-02-14 | Construction material for building |
| GB6115/77A Expired GB1573145A (en) | 1976-02-13 | 1977-02-14 | Construction material for building |
| GB46099/78A Expired GB1573147A (en) | 1976-02-13 | 1977-02-14 | Construction material for building |
Family Applications Before (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB46098/78A Expired GB1573146A (en) | 1976-02-13 | 1977-02-14 | Construction material for building |
| GB6115/77A Expired GB1573145A (en) | 1976-02-13 | 1977-02-14 | Construction material for building |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE2705842A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2341019A1 (en) |
| GB (3) | GB1573146A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2153408A (en) * | 1984-01-31 | 1985-08-21 | Roehm Gmbh | Foam boards |
| GB2157335A (en) * | 1984-03-29 | 1985-10-23 | Mccauley Corp Ltd | Paving block |
| GB2281573A (en) * | 1993-09-02 | 1995-03-08 | David Charles Sykes | Composite structure comprising pipes |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4260127A (en) * | 1979-10-19 | 1981-04-07 | Masazo Nakamura | Yoke for use in concrete work |
| CA1141574A (en) * | 1980-04-25 | 1983-02-22 | Peter F. Trent | Median barrier construction |
| ATE18273T1 (en) * | 1980-11-04 | 1986-03-15 | Felix Gerhard | HOLLOW PROFILE SUPPORTING AND/OR MOUNTING ELEMENT FOR BUILDINGS TO BE CONSTRUCTED IN MODULAR CONSTRUCTION. |
| FR2615550A1 (en) * | 1987-05-22 | 1988-11-25 | Gilly Jean Louis | Thermoplastic rail injected with foam with closed cells |
| GB9014990D0 (en) * | 1990-07-06 | 1990-08-29 | Nicolaidis Raphael | A constructional element and a process for its production |
| EP0568587B1 (en) * | 1991-01-22 | 1996-07-31 | Arnes Plat Ab | Structure comprising two or more elongated tongue-and-groove building elements |
| EP0774031A1 (en) * | 1994-07-21 | 1997-05-21 | Mark Kolenc | Metal construction stud |
| ES2153788B1 (en) * | 1999-07-02 | 2001-12-01 | Salazar Carmen Arrue | RESISTANT ELEMENT LIGHTENED IN THE FORM OF A POST, PLATE OR SIMILAR. |
| ES2259925B1 (en) * | 2005-04-06 | 2007-06-16 | Carmen Arrue Salazar | RESISTANT ELEMENT LIGHTED IN THE FORM OF A BOLARD, ANTI-NOISE SCREEN, GARDENING OR SIMILAR. |
-
1977
- 1977-02-11 DE DE19772705842 patent/DE2705842A1/en active Pending
- 1977-02-14 GB GB46098/78A patent/GB1573146A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-02-14 GB GB6115/77A patent/GB1573145A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-02-14 FR FR7704067A patent/FR2341019A1/en active Granted
- 1977-02-14 GB GB46099/78A patent/GB1573147A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2153408A (en) * | 1984-01-31 | 1985-08-21 | Roehm Gmbh | Foam boards |
| GB2157335A (en) * | 1984-03-29 | 1985-10-23 | Mccauley Corp Ltd | Paving block |
| GB2281573A (en) * | 1993-09-02 | 1995-03-08 | David Charles Sykes | Composite structure comprising pipes |
| GB2281573B (en) * | 1993-09-02 | 1996-10-16 | David Charles Sykes | Composite structure |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2341019B1 (en) | 1982-08-13 |
| GB1573145A (en) | 1980-08-13 |
| DE2705842A1 (en) | 1977-09-01 |
| FR2341019A1 (en) | 1977-09-09 |
| GB1573146A (en) | 1980-08-13 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PS | Patent sealed [section 19, patents act 1949] | ||
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |