GB1570286A - Slag tap outlets for coal gasification plant - Google Patents

Slag tap outlets for coal gasification plant Download PDF

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Publication number
GB1570286A
GB1570286A GB4881075A GB4881075A GB1570286A GB 1570286 A GB1570286 A GB 1570286A GB 4881075 A GB4881075 A GB 4881075A GB 4881075 A GB4881075 A GB 4881075A GB 1570286 A GB1570286 A GB 1570286A
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GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
slag
slag tap
tube
outlet
tap
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
GB4881075A
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
British Gas Corp
Original Assignee
British Gas Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by British Gas Corp filed Critical British Gas Corp
Priority to GB4881075A priority Critical patent/GB1570286A/en
Publication of GB1570286A publication Critical patent/GB1570286A/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/06—Continuous processes
    • C10J3/08—Continuous processes with ash-removal in liquid state
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/30—Fuel charging devices
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/74—Construction of shells or jackets
    • C10J3/76—Water jackets; Steam boiler-jackets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/093—Coal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0956—Air or oxygen enriched air
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0959—Oxygen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0973—Water
    • C10J2300/0976—Water as steam

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)

Description

(54) IMPROVEMENTS IN OR RELATING TO SLAG TAP OUTLETS FOR COAL GASECAT N PLANT (71) We, BRITISH GAS CORPORATION, of 59 Bryanston Street, London, W1A 2AZ, a British Body Corporate, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be par .ticularly described in and by the following statement:: This invention relates to coal gasification plant, and more particularly to a slag outlet for use in slagging gasifier plants of the kind (hereinafter referred 'to as the kind specified) in which coal, or other carbon aceous fuel, is introduced into the top of a column-like gasifying vessel and is gasified under high pressure andi temperature ;by means of oxygen and steam introduced near the fuel bed through tuyeres. The residual ash collects as a molten slag and iron in the hearth of the gasifier vessel from which it is periodically discharged (commonly known as slag tapping) downwardly through a slag tap outlet or orifice in the hearth into water contained in a quenching chamber.
Usually, a pool of molten slag and iron is maintained in the hearth by directing hot combustion products from a burner located beneath the slag tap orifice up lithe tap orifice to retain the pool of slag and iron in the hearth, the tapping of ;the molten slag and iron being initiated and controlled by stopping or reducing the burner output and reducing the pressure in the quenching chamber by controlled venting to atmosphere through its venting system so as to produce a differential pressure between the quenching chamber and the gasifier vessel.
Examples of such slagging gasifier plant are those disclosed in United Kingdom Patent Specification No. 977,122, The Gas Council Research Communications Nos. GC 50 and GC 112.
An object of the present invention is to provide an improved slag tap for use in a slagging gasifier of the kind specified.
According to the present invention there is provided a slag tap for use in a coal gasification plant of the kind specified hereinbefore, wherein the slag-removal orifice is located centrally within the gasifler hearth and is formed in a removable slag tap member comprising a solid mass of high thermal conductivity material shaped to provide a slag outlet aperture, the mass of material having a first conduit provided with an inlet and an outlet exteriorly of the body. the first conduit encircling the outlet aperture for carrying a coolant, a second conduit for receiving air and a third conduit for receiving air and a third conduit for receiv ing fuel gas, Ithe second and third conduits each having plurality of apertures to discharge gas and air for combustion into or beneath the slag outlet aperture.
Preferably, the apertures in the second and third conduits are arranged so that they are located in withe slag tap as adjacent pairs.
Also preferably, the plurality of apertures are located in shaped portion of the slag tap, for example a V-shaped portion.
Preferably, the invention includes a method of producing the slag tap for liquidcooler operation in a coal slagging gasifier of the kind specified hereinbefore which in cludes the steps d fouling a metal ;tube into a coil having an inlet and an outlet, casting a mass d copper/copper and alloyed metal around the coil to a desired shape such that the inlet and outlet communicate exteriorily of the said cast mass wherein the cast mass includes the second and third conduits cast into the slag tap and the slag tap being machined to provide the plurality of apertures.
Preferably, the tube is formed of nickel- chrome I nickei-chrome and alloyed metals.
Preferably, the external surface of the tube is provided with means for improving the bonding with the casting metal.
Preferably, the cast mass is formed with a downwardly and inwardly sloping uppermost surface merging with a peripheral surface of a central orifice which is of right- circular cylindrical form.
Preferably, the surface of revolution of said uppermost surface is of frustro-conical form and, wherein the coiled tube is of spiral form, the convolutions of which are arranged to extend at least around and near to said uppermost surface of the slag tap and said peripheral surface of its central orifice.
To enable the invention to be more clearly understood and solely by way d example three embodiments of withe invention will be described with reference to the drawings filled with the Provisional Specification, in which: Figure 1 is a ddagrammatic cross-sectional elevation of a slag tap accoing to the in- vention, Figure 2 is a similar view of two alterna tive 'modified embodiments one each side of the vertical centre line.
In Figure I a sfag tap generally indicated at 10 is mounted in the centre of the re fråct{ > ry hearth 12 of a gasification chamber being secured to a metal flange 14 by clips and bolts such as seen at 116.
The slag tap 10 has a copper body 18 presenting a frusto-conical upper surface leading to a slag Discharge outlet 20. Within the body 18 are cast a water coolant tube 22, à gas tube 24 and an air tube 26. The water tube 22 is formed as a spiral adjacent the upper surfaces of the body 18. The gas tubes 24, 26 are formed to provide con- centric rings around the slag outlet 20, and are provided with cigrcumferen,tiaXy-spaced pairs of outlet holes 28, 30. The tubes 22, 24, 26 are of copper or stainless steel, and the water tube 22 may be of convoluted tubing to improve heat transfer.
The slag tap 10 is made by first forming the tubes 22, 24, 26 to the desired shape and positioning these in a mould with the inlet and outlet of the water tube 22 and the iinlets of the gas and air tubes 24.
26 protruding from the mould, and casting copper in the mould to form the body 18.
An annular groove 32 is then machined in the undersurface of the body 18, and the holes 28, 30 drilled from is to intercept the tubes 24, 26.
In use, gas and air supplied to the tubes 24, 26 exit from holes 28, 30 and ignite under the slag tap 10. The flame and combustion products are sucked through the opening 20, preventing the exit of slag, and preventing the solidification of slag on the cooled surface of the body 18.
The embodiments of Figure 2 are similar, like parts being Idenoted by like reference numerals, and will 'therefore not be described in detail. In one case shown to the left of a centre line the burner holes 28, 30 discharge directly into the V-shaped groove formed in the orifice 20, whereas in the other case ,(shown to the right of the centre line) the burner holes 28, 30 discharge directly into the slag discharge orifice 20.
WHAT WE CLAIM IS:- 1. A slag tap for use in a coal gasification plant of the kind specified hereinbefore, wherein the slag-removal orifice is located centrally within the gasifler hearth and is formed in a removable slag tap member comprising a solid mass of high thermal conductivity material shaped to provide a slag outlet aperture, the mass d material having a first conduit provided with an inlet and an outlet exteriorly of the body, the first conduit encircling the outlet aperture for carrying a coolant, a second conduit for receiving air and a third conduit for receiving a fuel gas, the second and third conduits each having a plurality of apertures to discharge gas and air for combustion into or beneath the slag outlet aperture.
2. A slag tap according to Claim 1, wherein the second and Third conduits are arranged in the slag tap to be located as adjacent pairs.
3. A slag tap according Claim 1 or 2, wherein the plurality of apertures are located in a shaped portion of the slag tap.
4. A slag tap according to Claim 3, wherein the shaped portion of the slag tap is a V-shaped portion.
5. A method of producing a slag tap for liquid-cooled operation in the coal slagging gasifier of the kind specified hereinbefore according any preceding claim comprising, forming a metal tube into a coil having an inlet and outlet, and casting a mass of copper/copper and alloyed metal around the coil to a desired shape such that the inlet and outlet communicate exteriorly of the said cast means.
6. A method according to Claim 5, wherein the tube is formed of nickel chrome/nickel-chrome and alloyed metals.
7. A method accords'nag to Claim 5 or Claim G, wherein the external surface of the tube is provided with means for improving the bonding with the casting metal.
8. A method according to Claims with or 7, wherein the cast mass is formed with a downwardly and inwardly sleeping uppermost surface merging with a peripheral surface of a central orifice which is of right- circular cylindrical form.
9. A method according to Claim 8, wherein the surface of revolution of said uppermost surface is lof frusto-conical form and, wherein the coiled tube is of spiral form, the convelutions of which are arranged to extend at least around and near to said uppermost surface of the slag tap and said peripheral surface of its central orifice.
10. A slag tap for use in coal gasification plant of the liind specified substantially as
**WARNING** end of DESC field may overlap start of CLMS **.

Claims (11)

  1. **WARNING** start of CLMS field may overlap end of DESC **.
    form and, wherein the coiled tube is of spiral form, the convolutions of which are arranged to extend at least around and near to said uppermost surface of the slag tap and said peripheral surface of its central orifice.
    To enable the invention to be more clearly understood and solely by way d example three embodiments of withe invention will be described with reference to the drawings filled with the Provisional Specification, in which: Figure 1 is a ddagrammatic cross-sectional elevation of a slag tap accoing to the in- vention, Figure 2 is a similar view of two alterna tive 'modified embodiments one each side of the vertical centre line.
    In Figure I a sfag tap generally indicated at 10 is mounted in the centre of the re fråct{ > ry hearth 12 of a gasification chamber being secured to a metal flange 14 by clips and bolts such as seen at 116.
    The slag tap 10 has a copper body 18 presenting a frusto-conical upper surface leading to a slag Discharge outlet 20. Within the body 18 are cast a water coolant tube 22, à gas tube 24 and an air tube 26. The water tube 22 is formed as a spiral adjacent the upper surfaces of the body 18. The gas tubes 24, 26 are formed to provide con- centric rings around the slag outlet 20, and are provided with cigrcumferen,tiaXy-spaced pairs of outlet holes 28, 30. The tubes 22, 24, 26 are of copper or stainless steel, and the water tube 22 may be of convoluted tubing to improve heat transfer.
    The slag tap 10 is made by first forming the tubes 22, 24, 26 to the desired shape and positioning these in a mould with the inlet and outlet of the water tube 22 and the iinlets of the gas and air tubes 24.
    26 protruding from the mould, and casting copper in the mould to form the body 18.
    An annular groove 32 is then machined in the undersurface of the body 18, and the holes 28, 30 drilled from is to intercept the tubes 24, 26.
    In use, gas and air supplied to the tubes 24, 26 exit from holes 28, 30 and ignite under the slag tap 10. The flame and combustion products are sucked through the opening 20, preventing the exit of slag, and preventing the solidification of slag on the cooled surface of the body 18.
    The embodiments of Figure 2 are similar, like parts being Idenoted by like reference numerals, and will 'therefore not be described in detail. In one case shown to the left of a centre line the burner holes 28, 30 discharge directly into the V-shaped groove formed in the orifice 20, whereas in the other case ,(shown to the right of the centre line) the burner holes 28, 30 discharge directly into the slag discharge orifice 20.
    WHAT WE CLAIM IS:- 1. A slag tap for use in a coal gasification plant of the kind specified hereinbefore, wherein the slag-removal orifice is located centrally within the gasifler hearth and is formed in a removable slag tap member comprising a solid mass of high thermal conductivity material shaped to provide a slag outlet aperture, the mass d material having a first conduit provided with an inlet and an outlet exteriorly of the body, the first conduit encircling the outlet aperture for carrying a coolant, a second conduit for receiving air and a third conduit for receiving a fuel gas, the second and third conduits each having a plurality of apertures to discharge gas and air for combustion into or beneath the slag outlet aperture.
  2. 2. A slag tap according to Claim 1, wherein the second and Third conduits are arranged in the slag tap to be located as adjacent pairs.
  3. 3. A slag tap according Claim 1 or 2, wherein the plurality of apertures are located in a shaped portion of the slag tap.
  4. 4. A slag tap according to Claim 3, wherein the shaped portion of the slag tap is a V-shaped portion.
  5. 5. A method of producing a slag tap for liquid-cooled operation in the coal slagging gasifier of the kind specified hereinbefore according any preceding claim comprising, forming a metal tube into a coil having an inlet and outlet, and casting a mass of copper/copper and alloyed metal around the coil to a desired shape such that the inlet and outlet communicate exteriorly of the said cast means.
  6. 6. A method according to Claim 5, wherein the tube is formed of nickel chrome/nickel-chrome and alloyed metals.
  7. 7. A method accords'nag to Claim 5 or Claim G, wherein the external surface of the tube is provided with means for improving the bonding with the casting metal.
  8. 8. A method according to Claims with or 7, wherein the cast mass is formed with a downwardly and inwardly sleeping uppermost surface merging with a peripheral surface of a central orifice which is of right- circular cylindrical form.
  9. 9. A method according to Claim 8, wherein the surface of revolution of said uppermost surface is lof frusto-conical form and, wherein the coiled tube is of spiral form, the convelutions of which are arranged to extend at least around and near to said uppermost surface of the slag tap and said peripheral surface of its central orifice.
  10. 10. A slag tap for use in coal gasification plant of the liind specified substantially as
    shown in and as hereinbefore described with reference to Figure 1 or Figure 2 of the drawings filed with the Provisional Specification.
  11. 11. A method of producing a slag tap according to Claims 5-9, substantially as shown in and as hereinbefore described with reference to Figure 1 or Figure 2 of the drawings filed with the Provisional Speciiica tion.
GB4881075A 1976-12-21 1976-12-21 Slag tap outlets for coal gasification plant Expired GB1570286A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB4881075A GB1570286A (en) 1976-12-21 1976-12-21 Slag tap outlets for coal gasification plant

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB4881075A GB1570286A (en) 1976-12-21 1976-12-21 Slag tap outlets for coal gasification plant

Publications (1)

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GB1570286A true GB1570286A (en) 1980-06-25

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GB4881075A Expired GB1570286A (en) 1976-12-21 1976-12-21 Slag tap outlets for coal gasification plant

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0078100A2 (en) * 1981-10-27 1983-05-04 British Gas Corporation Improvements in or relating to coal gasification plant
US5630853A (en) * 1994-06-09 1997-05-20 British Gas Plc Coal slagging gasifier
US5782032A (en) * 1995-09-22 1998-07-21 Hitachi, Ltd. Coal gasification furnace with a slag tap hole of specific shape

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0078100A2 (en) * 1981-10-27 1983-05-04 British Gas Corporation Improvements in or relating to coal gasification plant
EP0078100A3 (en) * 1981-10-27 1984-02-01 British Gas Corporation Improvements in or relating to coal gasification plant
US5630853A (en) * 1994-06-09 1997-05-20 British Gas Plc Coal slagging gasifier
US5782032A (en) * 1995-09-22 1998-07-21 Hitachi, Ltd. Coal gasification furnace with a slag tap hole of specific shape

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PS Patent sealed
PCNP Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee