GB1570142A - Detergent toilet bar bomposition and binder therefor - Google Patents

Description

(54) DETERGENT TOILET BAR COMPOSITION AND BINDER THEREFOR (71) We, GAF CORPORATION, a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the State of Delaware, United States of America, having its main office at 140 West 51st Street, New York, New York 10020, United States of America, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:- Synthetic detergent toilet bars, frequently referred to as syndet bars, are well known and becoming increasingly more popular.

However, wide spread replacement of soap bars by syndet bars has not so far been possible for a variety of reasons, primarily the poor physical characteristics of syndet bars as compared to soap bars.

Major draw backs of conventional soap bars for use as toilet bars include: (a) The efficacy of soap in regard to detergency and lathering is seriously impaired in hard water due to precipitation of the calcium and magnesium salts of soaps.

(b) In hard water areas precipitated calcium and magnesium salts of soaps adhere to and build up on sinks, bathtubs, etc. giving rise to undesirable "soap rings".

The hard water soaps also adhere to the skin and give an uneasy, sticky, dirtv feeling.

(c) Soap has an alkaline pH which is somewhat irritating to skin and eyes.

Many synthetic detergents are known which are free from the above deficiencies of soap but despite this, synthetic detergents have not found any appreciable acceptance for use in toilet bars. Soap still continues to overwhelmingly dominate this market. The reason for this is that soap has physical properties which make it ideally suited for toilet bars and which cannot be easily duplicated using synthetic detergents. Perhaps the single greatest deficiency of non-soap detergents is that, unlike soap, they are usually not susceptible to being formed into shaped masses without the help of some binder material which will hold the mass together.

A large number of binders and fillers have been used in conjunction with synthetic detergents to obtain a detergent bar comparable in physical characteristics to the usual toilet soap bar; however, none has been truly satisfactory.

Among requirements for a successful syndet are the following: (1) Good detergency on the human skin in all kinds of water including hard, soft, sea, cold and hot water without causing excessive defatting of the skin. The skin should not be left feeling sticky or itchy.

Soap, when used in soft water, exhibits excellent detergency on skin and leaves a clean after-feel. However, when used in hard water, its detergency falls considerably and an undesirable sticky after-feel may be left on the skin.

(2) Good lathering qualities in all kinds of water. Such lathering qualities should be at least as good as those of soap in soft water and should be at least roughly equal in various types of water in terms of speed of lather generation, quality and stability. Soap does not, of course, give adequate lathering in hard water. Many synthetic detergents possess good lathering qualities but such qualities are often badly affected in one or more types of water by the presence of other materials. Thus a binder or filler may give excellent physical properties to a syndet bar, but may significantly and adversely alter the sudsing characteristics otherwise expected from foaming detergent components of the bar.

(3) A commercially acceptable toilet bar should be mild and noninjuries to the skin and eyes. Also, ingredients used should perform adequately within a pH range of about 3.5 to 8.0. Either too much alkalinity or too much acidity may cause eye and skin irritation. In this respect soap is considered to be too alkaline with a pH of over 9.5.

Apart from the above functional characteristics, a satisfactory toilet bar should also meet the following physical characteristics: (1) The bar should be reasonably plastic and should remain so. It should not be so brittle that it will shatter when dropped. It should not be so soft as to have undesirable handling characteristics.

(2) The bar should have a good feel and slip. Its surface should be uniform and alive, not dull and chalky. Unfortunately, many non-soap detergent bars tend to be sandy, flake-like, greasy, or sticky.

(3) The bar should have little or no tendency toward softening, blooming, crystallizing, cracking, drying or decomposing under ordinary use and storage conditions.

(4) The bar should maintain a solid texture and should not develop extensive face cracks, nor should material slough off the bar during alternate wetting and drying out cycles.

(5) The bar should not undergo syneresis, i.e. there should be no migration of any ingredient of the bar from the bulk to the surface under any normal use or storage conditions. Many syndet bars exhibit syneresis when stored in humid conditions or upon repeated wetting and drying out cycles. Ingredients such as salt and oil are especially likely to preferentially migrate to the surface under these conditions.

(6) Solubility in water and rate of water penetration of the bar should not significantly exceed that of soap.

(7) The odor of the bar should permit incorporation of a pleasant perfume and should not deteriorate on aging. The bar should be white in color before addition of other colors and the color should not deteriorate with age.

(8) The bar must be capable of being processed and shaped in conventional equipment of the sort normally used in the formation of soap bars and cakes.

The use of triglycerides of vegetable or animal origin in toilet bars is known, however the triglycerides used for this purpose have traditionally been relatively soft, low melting point materials such as cocoa butter (melting point less than 35"C) and have been used in relatively small quantities as emollients or super fatting ingredients. These soft triglycerides are not, however, suitable as binders for syndet bars in which the binder frequently constitutes 10 to 70 wt of the total composition. These soft triglycerides are unsuitable as binders in syndet bars because they render the bar unacceptably soft and because bars containing such triglycerides, tend to become discolored, lose fragrancy and develop objectionable odor.Hardened or hydrogenated triglycerides, although free from these drawbacks, have not been successful as binders for syndet bars because they lack plasticity and do not possess adequate binding power for the detergents.

It is accordingly an object of the present invention to provide a novel and improved binder system for detergent bars as well as detergent bar compositions containing such binder systems.

Broadly speaking, the binder system of the invention comprises two parts as its preponderant or only ingredients, viz (1) straight chain aliphatic fatty alcohol or acid and (2) hydrogenated triglyceride of animal or vegetable origin. The alcohol or acid is within the range C12-C22 and has an iodine number less than 20 while the triglyceride has a titer above 50"C and an iodine number less than 20. The triglyceride content of this binder system may be between 10 and 90 wit". Preferred triglyceride content in systems using fatty alcohols is between 50 and 800to but triglyceride contents of 10% and 50% are preferred in systems using fatty acids.

The detergent bar composition of the invention comprises between 10 and 70 wt% of the binder of the invention and between 20 and 90 wt anionic foaming and foam boosting detergents.

As mentioned above, the detergent bar binder composition of the invention comprises striaght chain aliphatic fatty alcohol or acid within the range C12-C22 and having an iodine number less than 20 in combination with triglyceride of animal or vegetable origin having a minimum titer of 50"C and an iodine number less than 20, the triglyceride being present in amounts between 10 and 90 wt /n based on these ingredients.

As mentioned in greater detail below, this unique combination of hardened triglycerides with higher fatty alcohols or acids provides a binder system believed to be unique in its combination of plasticity and hardness. Neither the triglyceride nor the fatty alcohols or fatty acids alone offer the unique binder properties of the combination. The fatty alcohols or acids when used as binder without the hard triglycerides render the bars tacky and of inferior texture. Syndet bars so made are also much too soft to have acceptable handling properties as toilet bars and suffer from unacceptably high rates of solubility and/or softening or swelling in water. As mentioned above, hardened triglycerides alone have been unsuccessful as binders for detergent bars since they lack plasticity and do not possess adequate binding power for the detergents.

Fatty alcohols or acids suitable for use in binders and detergent bars of the invention are in the range C12-C22 and can be either natural or synthetic. For purposes of the invention it is considered immaterial whether the alcohol or the corresponding acid is used and it should be understood that the fatty alcohol or acid forming a part of the binder of the invention may be one or a mixture of the suitable alcohols or acids. It is, however, essential that the alcohol or acid or mixture be straight chain aliphatic.

Suitable materials for use in either the alcohol or acid form include for instance stearic, lauryl, myristyl, cetyl, behenyl and C20 synthetic alcohol or acid. Preferred alcohol/acids include stearyl alcohol, stearic acid, cetyl alcohol, cetyl acid and commercial mixtures of cetylstearyl alcohols and acids.

Hardened triglycerides suitable for use in the invention include hydrogenated triglycerides of animal origins such as lard, beef and tallow, and those of vegetable origin such as palm oil, castor oil, rope oil, and cocoa butter. For use in the invention it is generally suitable that the fatty acid residues contained in such triglycerides should be within the general range of C12- C22. The triglycerides should have both a titer above 50"C and an iodine number of less than 20. Such triglycerides may be obtained by hydrogenation of the corresponding natural fats or oils in a conventional manner.

In addition to the required ingredients of the binder composition of the invention, other more conventional binder ingredients such as cornstarch may be included, provided excessive amounts are not used.

Amounts up to about 20 wt " of such other ingredients are frequently acceptable.

The detergent bar of the invention is formed in a conventional manner using conventional equipment and comprises from 10 to 70 wtO,/, of the binder composition of the invention and from 20 to 90 wt% anionic foaming and foam boosting detergents. Additional optional or preferred ingredients of the detergent bar composition include other more conventional binders, other types of detergent, other conventional additives such as fillers, builders, conditioners, opacifiers, pH modifiers, texture modifiers, perfumes, etc., and, if desired, small amounts, such as between 0.5 and 5 wit%, soap.

The ratio of the two required components the binder of the invention determines to a large extent the final texture and physical characteristics of the bar. If a harder bar is desired, the binder used should be relatively rich in the glyceride component, whereas if a relatively softer bar is desired, the amount of fatty alcohol or acid relative to the amount of glyceride should be increased.

Preferred compositions include weight ratio of glycerides to fatty alcohols between 4 to 1 and 1 to 1. Preferred ratios of glycerides to fatty acids are between 1 to 9 and 1 to 1.

As mentioned, relatively hard hydrogenated fats are required for the compositions of the invention. The degree of hydrogenation of the triglycerides (fats) of the invention is expressed by iodine number and titer. As expressed herein iodine number and titer are determined as set forth in Section D 460 of ASTM standards, 1973 edition. The iodine number is expressed as the percentage of iodine (grams per 100 grams) absorbed by the material and is a measure of residual unsaturation in the product. Hydrogenation reduces the unsaturation and lowers iodine number. Triglycerides of the present invention should be hydrogenated to an extent such that the product has an iodine number less than 20. The titer of a fat designates its melting point, or perhaps more appropriately, its setting point.

Hydrogenation causes hardening of fats or oils and increases their titer. The titer of the product depends on the degree of hydrogenation and the titer of the starting fat is expressed in terms of "C. Animal or vegetable fats or oils are triglycerides, i.e.

triesters of glycerin, and upon hydrolysis give fatty acids and glycerin. The titer of fat depends upon the length of the fatty acid and its structure. Both the size of the carbon chain and the structure, particularly the degree of unsaturation present in the fatty acids of any particular triglyceride, determines its titer. In general, higher chain length and lower unsaturation gives higher titer.

Foaming and foam boosting detergents suitable for use as the essential component of the invention are those generally known for use in synthetic detergent compositions and include for instance those made from long chain alkyl isethionates such as sodium coconut acid isethionate, sodium lauric isethionate, sodium myristic isethionate, Nlong chain acyl N-alkyl taurates such as sodium coconut acyl methyl taurate, sodium palmitoyl methyl taurate, sodium myristoyl methyl taurate, and the corresponding acyl ethyl taurates, long chain olefin sulfonates such as sodium C12~18 d-olefin sulfonates, long chain alkyl aryl sulfonates such as sodium octyl-, nonyldodecyl, decyl- and tetradecyl benzene sulfonate, long chain alkyl sulfates such as sodium or potassium coconut derived alkyl sulfate, sodium or potassium lauryl and stearyl sulfates, long chain alkyl oxyethylene sulfates such as sodium or potassium lauryl polyoxyethylene sulfate, sodium lauryl monoxyethylene sulfate, sodium octa-decyl polyoxethylene sulfate, and sodium cetylpolyoxyethylene sulfate, long chain alkyl aryl oxyethylene sulfates such as ammonium, sodium, or potassium nonyl-, octyl-, and tridecylphenol mono and polyoxyethylene sulfates, alkyl esters of aliphatic sulfo-carboxylic acids such as sodium nonyl sulfosuccinate, sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate, sodium diamyl sulfosuccinate, sodium triisobutyl sulfotricarballylate and sodium tri-n-butyl sulfotricarballylate. Mixtures of the above mentioned detergents may also be employed. These detergents or mixtures thereof are used from about 20 to 90% but preferably from 30 to 50% by weight of the bar.Particularly suitable synthetic detergents for the purpose of the current invention are the long chain alkyl isethionates and the N-long chain acyl Nalkyl taurates.

Descriptions of typical syndet bars suggested by the prior art are included for instance in U.S. Patents 2,781,321 and 2,894,912.

In addition to the foaming and foam boosting detergents mentioned above, certain nonionic surfactants such as long chain alcohol or fatty acid or alkyl phenol ethoxylates of waxy consistency may optionally be used in conjunction with the anionic surfactants described above to impart especially desirable lathering characteristics or for improving physical properties of the bar. Such nonionic surfactants, where used, may be used in amounts between about 1 and about 20% by weight of the total detergent bar composition. Examples of suitable surfactants of this type are e.g. the adduct of one mole dinonylphenol and 100 moles of ethylene oxide, and the adduct of one mole C8-lo alcohol and 150 moles of ethylene oxide.

Further descriptions of detergents and surfactants suitable for use in the invention are found for instance in the above identified U.S. Patents.

Where bars having especially creamy lather or improved hair conditioning properties are desired, it is frequently preferred to include in the bar between 0.1 and 1.5 wt Mn of a cationic nitrogencontaining polymer having a molecular weight between 2,000 and 3,000,000 and a cationic charge density greater than 0.001 in aqueous solution.

The term "cationic charge density" as used herein refers to the ratio of the number of positive charges on a repeating unit of the polymer to the molecular weight of the repeating unit. The cationic charge density multiplied by the polymer molecular weight determines the number of positively charged active sites on a given polymer chain.

Cationic polymers suitable for use in syndet bars of the invention include for instance polyethylenimines, alkoxylated polyethylenimines, polymers in which at least about 30 mol percent of the molecular structure is composed of monomeric units containing one or more quaternary ammonium groups with any balance comprising non-quaternized polymeric units derived from monoethylenically unsaturated monomeric groups, water soluble quaternary nitrogen substituted cellulose ether derivatives, water soluble linear polyamines, and water soluble polymers of tetraethylene pentamine and epichlorohydrin. Such cationic polymers are described in greater detail in U.S. Patent 3,761,418 to the disclosure of which attention is directed.Especially preferred cationic polymers for use in the invention are copolymers of vinyl pyrrolidone (VP) and N,N-dimethylamino-ethylmethacrylate (DMAEMA) having molecular weights between 100,000 and 2,000,000. Additional preferred polymers are water soluble quaternary nitrogen substituted cellulose ether derivatives formed by reacting hydroxyethylcellulose with the reaction product of epichlorohydrin and trimethylamine.

Additional optional additives such as fillers, builders, conditioners, opacifiers, pH modifiers, texture modifiers, perfumes and water may also be added to the detergent bar of the invention to provide properties regarded as desirable in any particular instance. Where used, such additives usually total less than 20 wt /n of the composition of the detergent bar, more usually between 1 and 10 wt%.Such additional additives may include for instance glycerine (frequently used in amounts between 1 and 8 wt%), propylene glycol, hexylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, starch (substituted, degraded or undegraded), lignin, alginates, copolymers of maleic anhydride with styrene or vinyl alkyl ethers, urea, lanolin, talc, salts such as borax, calcium chloride, ammonium chloride, sodium sulfate, sodium chloride, and sodium tripolyphosphate, titanium dioxide, pigments, dyes and perfumes. The use of these optional ingredients must, however, be very carefully regulated to prevent undesirable and disadvantageous properties from resulting. Thus, some inorganic salts are too soluble and are leached out of the bar, making it rough. Others are insoluble or only slightly soluble so that they are left as rough, gritty particles on the surface of the bar when the more soluble portions are dissolved out. Many crystallize out on the surface of the bar during storage.

Some are too hygroscopic, causing excessive softening of the bar on storage in humid conditions. Varying amounts of inorganic salts such as sodium sulfate, sodium chloride and ammonium chloride are present in certain of the surfactants employed in the bar as manufactured, but generally, and preferably, total no more than 10% by weight of the bar. Bars containing clay and bentonite usually have a gritty feel and insufficient slip. Starches and gums are unsatisfactory in very large amounts in that they tend to reduce slip of the bar. Those of low solubility are preferred since they reduce the rate of consumption of the bar.

The bar, in accordance with the instant invention, may be produced in well known manner by a framing, milling or similar process. In making frame bars, all the ingredients are mixed at elevated temperatures in a crutcher with sufficient water to permit easy stirring. The mass is then poured into wooden frames to cool, solidify and partially dry after which the frame is removed, and the soap block cut into pieces and stamped in a soap press. In the milling process all of the materials for making the bar are mixed in an amalgamater, preferably passed through a roller mill for one or more times to assure thorough mixing while adding sufficient water to provide the proper plasticity, and the milled mass then compressed and extruded from a plodder into long bars which are cut into suitable lengths and stamped into the desired shape and size.

The latter process is more widely used than the former.

While the pH of detergent bars of the invention may vary widely, most suitable compositions have a pH within the range of between 3.5 and 7.5 and it is one of the advantages of the invention that the use of the binder system of the invention permits the preparation of syndet bars within the so called "acid mantle" pH range of 5.e6.0 while maintaining the elegant, smooth texture and physical properties of a hard milled soap. Accordingly, preferred detergent bars of the invention have a pH between 5.0 and 6.0. (For purposes of this disclosure, pH of the detergent bars of the invention is to be determined by measuring the pH of a 1.0 wt aqueous solution of such bars). Currently available syndet bars which utilize soap as a binder cannot be prepared at this pH as the soap decomposes to salt and fatty acid at an acidic pH.Other syndet bars currently available which, while slightly acidic, lack the elegant soap-like texture obtained with the binder system described herein, are hard and brittle, do not possess the smoothness and slip of soap, lack good lathering qualities and are difficult to process in conventional soap making machinery because they are less plastic than soap. These problems are largely eliminated by the use of the binder system described herein.

The concept of "acid-mantle" is based on the fact that, on the average, normal skin has a pH of approximately 5.5 and that products applied to the skin, such as cleansing products, creams, lotions, etc., should have a similar pH to avoid upsetting the natural chemical mechanisms which maintain the skin at pH 5.5. It is known that the use of alkaline soaps will upset this natural pH balance and increase the pH of skin. This results in increased lipid removal, increased growth of microorganisms on the skin, and softening of the protein tissues of the skin. These changes are not desirable as they are not representative of healthy skin.

Syndet bars can be made according to the current invention which are isotonic with skin pH and yet they effectively cleanse the skin of soil and excess oils without defatting the skin, have excellent lathering qualities, do not soften or degrade protein cells of the skin and maintain the "acidic mantle" which is thought to be a defense mechanism to prevent overgrowth of infectious microorganisms.

Detergent bars made with the combination binders of the current invention have excellent physical properties and superior performance characteristics.

These superior characteristics are achieved in bars of the current invention without recourse to the use of soaps as an essential ingredient of the bars. The bars of the current invention are thus free from the drawbacks associated with soaps. Leading commercial detergent bars generally contain soap (usually in the form of alkaline metal or alkaline earth metal soaps) as binder for the synthetic detergents and are thus actually synthetic detergent-soap combination bars rather than true syndet bars. It must be pointed out, however, that although soap is not an essential ingredient of the bars of the current invention, small amounts of conventional soaps, such as between 0.5 and 5.0 /n by weight of the bar, can frequently be used as an optional ingredient without substantial detriment.

EXAMPLES The following examples are illustrative compositions of toilet bars made in accordance with the invention.

EXAMPLE 1 A toilet bar of the invention was made with the following ingredients: Parts by Ingredient Weight 1) Stearyl Alcohol 10 parts 2) Hydrogenated Tallow* 25 parts Parts by Ingredient Weight 3) Coco fatty ester of sodium isethionate 40 parts 4) Sodium - N - methyl - N Taurate (24an active) 7 parts 5) Glycerine 5 parts 6) Cornstarch 11 parts 7) Citric Acid 0.3 parts 8) Water 6.7 parts 9) Perfume 0.5 parts 10) Color Q.S.

(sufficient for desired color) *Neustrene 060 from Humko Sheffield Co. A hydrogenated tallow glyceride having the following physical characteristics: Color (Lovibond 5k" cell) 1.5 Y-0.3 R Iodine Value 0.49 Titer "C 59.3 Acid Number 3.5 Sap. Number 193.6 Processing Components (1) and (2), which constitute the novel binder system of this invention were mixed and heated to a melt at 700 C.

Components (3) through (8) were added in the order shown with mixing. The temperature of mix was maintained at 700C-800C during the additions. After 15 minutes the resulting smooth paste was cooled to 500C and passed through a water cooled three-roller mill. The solid flakes so formed were mixed in a ribbon blender with components (9) and (10) for 10 to 15 minutes, then passed twice through the three-roller mill. The flakes at this point were processed twice through a soap plodder to give a long extruded bar which was cut into toilet size bar and stamped into shape.

The bars were allowed to age for 2 days under ambient conditions before evaluation.

The bars had a pH of approximately 7 as a 1% solution in distilled water at 350C.

The .processing of the bars was good-no particular difficulty was observed during any of the processing steps and both the critical processing steps viz plodding and stamping went very smoothly. The resulting bars were of moderate hardness. In hand lathering tests using soft and hard water, the product was rated excellent; the bars gave good flash foam, high lather volume of moderate density, and left a pleasant after feel on the skin. The plasticity of the bars was good, there was virtually no surface striation and resistance to penetration to water was also good.

Examples 2 and 3 Syndet bars of the invention were made in a manner similar to Example 1 except that the following compositions were used.

Wt.% Ingredient Example 2 Example 3 Stearyl alcohol 8.0 7.0 Hydrogenated Tallow (Same as Example 1) 22.0 28.0 Coco Fatty Acid Ester of Sodium Isethionate 25.0 40.0 Myristic Acid Ester of Sodium Isethionate 20.0 24 /n Active Sodium-N-Coco N-Methyl Taurate 7.5 Sodium dodecyl Benzene sulfonate 2.5 Glycerine 6.0 6.0 Cornstarch 10.0 10.0 Citric Acid 0.3 0.3 Water 6.2 6.2 Processing of bars for both examples 2 and 3 was good. The bars of example 2 were somewhat harder than those of example 1 and those of example 3 were still slightly harder but none offered any difficulty during plodding or stamping. The bars of example 2 gave a richer and denser lather than those of example 1. The foaming characteristics and the later quality of bars of example 3 were more or less similar to those of example 1. Both types of bars had pH of approximately 7 as a 1.0% solution in water.

Examples W9 These examples illustrate that replacement of the stearyl alcohol/hydrogenated tallow blend of examples 1-3 with either stearyl alcohol or hydrogenated tallow alone as a binder for syndet bars yields poor processing qualities and undesirable physical properties and/or performance characteristics in the resulting syndet bars.

Syndet bars for examples 4 and 5 may be prepared in the same manner as example 1 except that the 10 parts of stearyl alcohol and 25 parts of hydrogenated tallow used in Example I may be replaced by 35 parts of stearyl alcohol only in Example 4 and by 35 parts of hydrogenated tallow only in Example 5.

For Examples 6 and 7 syndet bars may be prepared as in Example 2 except that instead of the blend of stearyl alcohol and hydrogenated tallow used as binder in Example 2 the binder for the bar of Example 6 may be 30 parts of stearyl alcohol and for Example 7, 30 parts of hydrogenated tallow.

For Examples 8 and 9 syndet bars may be prepared which are similar to the bar of Example 3 except that the binder for the bar of Example 8 may be 35 parts of stearyl alcohol and the binder for the bar of Example 9, 35 parts hydrogenated tallow.

None of the compositions of Examples 4-9 would lend themselves to easy processing. Compositions of Examples 4, 6 and 8 where the binder system would consist solely of stearyl alcohol would be too soft.

These compositions would be too tacky and would not release well from the mold during stamping of the bars. Also, the resulting bars would be too soft for commercially acceptable quality.

The compositions of Examples 5, 7 and 9 where the binder would be hydrogenated tallow alone would be too hard to offer good processing characteristics. Extruded material of these compositions could not be properly stamped into bars because of excessive brittleness and the bars would not have adequate resistance to shattering or good lathering properties.

Examples 1012 For these examples syndet bars may be prepared according to Example 1 except that the coco fatty acid ester of sodium isethionate may be replaced by an equal weight of sodium-ammonium (50/50) primary parafin sulfonate derived from C1s 20 a-olefin (PPS) in example 10, by an equal weight of potassium lauryl sulfate in example 11 and by an equal weight of sulfonated coconut monoglyceride in example 12.

The compositions of examples 10--12 would exhibit good processing behavior and the resulting bars would yield excellent lather but the bars would leave less emollient after-feel on skin as compared to the bars of examples 1--3. In general, however, these bars would be considered satisfactory.

Example 13 Another syndet bar of the invention was made according to the process of example 1 with the following ingredients: Parts by Ingredients Weight Cetyl-stearyl alcohol 5 Hydrogenated tallow (same as example 1) 27 Coco Fatty Ester of Sodium Isethionate 40 24% Active Sodium-N-Coco-N methyl Taurate 7.5 Glycerol 8 Cornstarch 10 30% Aqueous citric acid 1 Water 100 Perfume 1 Titanium dioxide 0.5 The processing of this material was considered satisfactory and the resulting bar had excellent physical properties including good plasticity, good slip, no surface striation, good creamy lather and excellent overall performance. The pH of this bar (in 1.0% aqueous solution) was 6.8.

Example 14--16 These examples illustrate superior quality acid pH syndet bars made according to the invention. The bars of these examples had the following compositions: Ingredient Parts by Weight #14 #15 #16 Stearic acid 27.0 30.0 27 Neustrene 060 10.0 5.0 10 Coco Fatty Ester of Sodium Isethionate 45.0 47.0 35 24% Active Sodium-N Coco-N-Methyl Taurate 7.0 7.0 7 Myristic Acid Ester of Sodium Isethionate - - 10.0 Glycerine 6.0 5.0 4.0 Water 5.0 6.0 Citric acid (50 a) 2.0 2.0 2.0 Perfume 0.5 0.5 0.5 Color Q.S. Q.S. Q.S.

Titanium Dioxide 0.7 0.7 0.7 The composition of examples 14, 15, and 16 were processed without difficulty according to the procedure described in example 1. If desired, of course, the pH of the bars could be adjusted to other values by varying the citric acid content. The bars of examples 14 and 15 had physical and textural properties very similar to a high quality hard milled soap bar. The bar of Example 15 was somewhat softer and more plastic than that of Example 14 thus allowing stamping of the extruded bar into more intricate shapes.

The bar of Example 16 was firm but very plastic and non-tacky thus allowing it to be stamped into intricate shapes while yielding a hard, film product.

In hand lathering tests using soft and hard water the bars of Examples 14--16 were rated as excellent. They gave good flash foam, good lather volume and a good after feel on skin. Under use conditions they showed virtually no surface striation and their resistance to penetration to water was also good.

Example 17 A syndet bar identical to the bar of Example 14 was made except that the bar of Example 17 contained in addition to the ingredients of the bar of Example 14, 2.0 wt% Gafquat 755 (a cationic resin of average molecular weight above 1 million produced by GAF Corp. in the form of 20% resin content aqueous solution: "GAFquat" is a Registered Trade Mark). The addition of this material yielded a bar with a creamier, more luxurious lather and increased emollient effect after use. Other properties remained unchanged.

Example 18 As a further example of a syndet bar produced according to the invention, a bar was made according to Example 1, except that in addition to the ingredients listed in Example 1, 1.0 wt% polymer JR (a cationic resin produced by Union Carbide Corp.) was added. The resulting bar had properties extremely similar to the bar of Example 17.

WHAT WE CLAIM- IS: 1. A synthetic detergent bar binder composition comprising as preponderant or only ingredients: (a) straight chain aliphatic fatty alcohol or acid within the range C12-C22 and having an iodine number less than 20 and, (b) hydrogenated triglyceride of animal or vegetable origin having a titer above 50"C and an iodine number less than 20, said triglyceride being present in amounts between 10 and 90 wt% based on said ingredients (a) and (b).

2. A composition according to claim 1 comprising: (a) between 20 and 50 wt% fatty alcohol; and (b) between 50 and 80 wt% triglyceride.

3. A composition according to claim I comprising: (a) between 50 and 90 wt /n fatty acid; and (b) between 10 and 50 wt% triglyceride.

4. A synthetic detergent bar characterized by the following combination of ingredients; (a) between 10 and 70 wtO/, of the binder composition of Claim l; and (b) between 20 and 90 wt% anionic foaming and foam boosting detergent.

5. A detergent bar according to Claim 4 wherein the pH of the bar, as determined by measuring the pH of a 1.0 wt% aqueous solution thereof, is between 3.5 and about 7.5.

6. A detergent bar according to either of Claims 4 or 5 wherein the bar comprises between 30 and 50 wt% detergent.

7. A detergent bar according to any of Claims 4-6 which also includes between 1 and 20 wt% nonionic detergent.

8. A detergent bar according to any of Claims 4--7 wherein the binder comprises stearic acid and hydrogenated tallow, the bar also includes between 1 and 20 wt nonionic surfactant and between 1 and 8 wt% glycerin and in which the pH of the bar, as determined by measuring the pH of a 1.0 wt% aqueous solution thereof, is between 5.0 and 6.0.

9. A detergent bar according to any of Claims 4-8 which also comprises between 0.1 and 1.5 wt% of a cationic nitrogencontaining polymer having a molecular weight between 2,000 and 3,000,000 and a cationic charge density greater than 0.001 in aqueous solution.

10. A detergent bar according to Claim 9 wherein the polymer is a copolymer of VP and DMAEMA having a molecular weight between 100,000 and 2,000,000.

11. A detergent bar binder composition substantially as herein described with reference to any one of Examples 1, 2, 3, or 10 to 18.

12. A detergent bar substantially as herein described with reference to any one of Examples 1, 2, 3 or 10 to 18.

**WARNING** end of DESC field may overlap start of CLMS **.

Claims (12)

**WARNING** start of CLMS field may overlap end of DESC **. The composition of examples 14, 15, and 16 were processed without difficulty according to the procedure described in example 1. If desired, of course, the pH of the bars could be adjusted to other values by varying the citric acid content. The bars of examples 14 and 15 had physical and textural properties very similar to a high quality hard milled soap bar. The bar of Example 15 was somewhat softer and more plastic than that of Example 14 thus allowing stamping of the extruded bar into more intricate shapes. The bar of Example 16 was firm but very plastic and non-tacky thus allowing it to be stamped into intricate shapes while yielding a hard, film product. In hand lathering tests using soft and hard water the bars of Examples 14--16 were rated as excellent. They gave good flash foam, good lather volume and a good after feel on skin. Under use conditions they showed virtually no surface striation and their resistance to penetration to water was also good. Example 17 A syndet bar identical to the bar of Example 14 was made except that the bar of Example 17 contained in addition to the ingredients of the bar of Example 14, 2.0 wt% Gafquat 755 (a cationic resin of average molecular weight above 1 million produced by GAF Corp. in the form of 20% resin content aqueous solution: "GAFquat" is a Registered Trade Mark). The addition of this material yielded a bar with a creamier, more luxurious lather and increased emollient effect after use. Other properties remained unchanged. Example 18 As a further example of a syndet bar produced according to the invention, a bar was made according to Example 1, except that in addition to the ingredients listed in Example 1, 1.0 wt% polymer JR (a cationic resin produced by Union Carbide Corp.) was added. The resulting bar had properties extremely similar to the bar of Example 17. WHAT WE CLAIM- IS:

1. A synthetic detergent bar binder composition comprising as preponderant or only ingredients: (a) straight chain aliphatic fatty alcohol or acid within the range C12-C22 and having an iodine number less than 20 and, (b) hydrogenated triglyceride of animal or vegetable origin having a titer above 50"C and an iodine number less than 20, said triglyceride being present in amounts between 10 and 90 wt% based on said ingredients (a) and (b).

2. A composition according to claim 1 comprising: (a) between 20 and 50 wt% fatty alcohol; and (b) between 50 and 80 wt% triglyceride.

3. A composition according to claim I comprising: (a) between 50 and 90 wt /n fatty acid; and (b) between 10 and 50 wt% triglyceride.

4. A synthetic detergent bar characterized by the following combination of ingredients; (a) between 10 and 70 wtO/, of the binder composition of Claim l; and (b) between 20 and 90 wt% anionic foaming and foam boosting detergent.

5. A detergent bar according to Claim 4 wherein the pH of the bar, as determined by measuring the pH of a 1.0 wt% aqueous solution thereof, is between 3.5 and about 7.5.

6. A detergent bar according to either of Claims 4 or 5 wherein the bar comprises between 30 and 50 wt% detergent.

7. A detergent bar according to any of Claims 4-6 which also includes between 1 and 20 wt% nonionic detergent.

8. A detergent bar according to any of Claims 4--7 wherein the binder comprises stearic acid and hydrogenated tallow, the bar also includes between 1 and 20 wt nonionic surfactant and between 1 and 8 wt% glycerin and in which the pH of the bar, as determined by measuring the pH of a 1.0 wt% aqueous solution thereof, is between 5.0 and 6.0.

9. A detergent bar according to any of Claims 4-8 which also comprises between 0.1 and 1.5 wt% of a cationic nitrogencontaining polymer having a molecular weight between 2,000 and 3,000,000 and a cationic charge density greater than 0.001 in aqueous solution.

10. A detergent bar according to Claim 9 wherein the polymer is a copolymer of VP and DMAEMA having a molecular weight between 100,000 and 2,000,000.

11. A detergent bar binder composition substantially as herein described with reference to any one of Examples 1, 2, 3, or 10 to 18.

12. A detergent bar substantially as herein described with reference to any one of Examples 1, 2, 3 or 10 to 18.