GB1360397A - Method for the production of an integral skin - Google Patents
Method for the production of an integral skinInfo
- Publication number
- GB1360397A GB1360397A GB4528970A GB4528970A GB1360397A GB 1360397 A GB1360397 A GB 1360397A GB 4528970 A GB4528970 A GB 4528970A GB 4528970 A GB4528970 A GB 4528970A GB 1360397 A GB1360397 A GB 1360397A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- cellular
- skin
- polymer
- layer
- monomer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract 4
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 abstract 13
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 abstract 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 abstract 4
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bisphenol A Natural products C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 3
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- -1 bisphenol A epoxy-modified glycol Chemical class 0.000 abstract 2
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 229920006305 unsaturated polyester Polymers 0.000 abstract 2
- GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C=C GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000001804 emulsifying effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000012815 thermoplastic material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/34—Chemical features in the manufacture of articles consisting of a foamed macromolecular core and a macromolecular surface layer having a higher density than the core
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/28—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof by elimination of a liquid phase from a macromolecular composition or article, e.g. drying of coagulum
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/28—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof by elimination of a liquid phase from a macromolecular composition or article, e.g. drying of coagulum
- C08J9/283—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof by elimination of a liquid phase from a macromolecular composition or article, e.g. drying of coagulum a discontinuous liquid phase emulsified in a continuous macromolecular phase
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2201/00—Foams characterised by the foaming process
- C08J2201/04—Foams characterised by the foaming process characterised by the elimination of a liquid or solid component, e.g. precipitation, leaching out, evaporation
- C08J2201/05—Elimination by evaporation or heat degradation of a liquid phase
- C08J2201/0504—Elimination by evaporation or heat degradation of a liquid phase the liquid phase being aqueous
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S264/00—Plastic and nonmetallic article shaping or treating: processes
- Y10S264/13—Cell size and distribution control while molding a foam
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S264/00—Plastic and nonmetallic article shaping or treating: processes
- Y10S264/14—Plastic and nonmetallic article shaping or treating: processes forming integral skin on a foamed product
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S264/00—Plastic and nonmetallic article shaping or treating: processes
- Y10S264/17—Molding a foam containing a filler
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S264/00—Plastic and nonmetallic article shaping or treating: processes
- Y10S264/18—Cross-linking a thermoplastic linear foam during molding
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S521/00—Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 series
- Y10S521/918—Physical aftertreatment of a cellular product
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
- Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
- Y10T428/249975—Void shape specified [e.g., crushed, flat, round, etc.]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
- Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
- Y10T428/249987—With nonvoid component of specified composition
- Y10T428/249988—Of about the same composition as, and adjacent to, the void-containing component
- Y10T428/249989—Integrally formed skin
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31511—Of epoxy ether
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31786—Of polyester [e.g., alkyd, etc.]
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
Abstract
1360397 Cellular article with a non-cellular skin IMPERIAL CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES Ltd 13 Sept 1971 [23 Sept 1970] 45289/70 Heading C3C [Also in Division B6] A method for making a cellular article having an integral skin of substantially non-cellular material over at least part of its surface comprises emulsifying water with a water-immiscible liquid monomer polymerizable to a thermoplastic material in the presence of an emulsifier therefor to form an emulsion having an aqueous disperse phase, polymerizing the liquid monomer to form a cellular polymer, drying the outer layer of said polymer over at least part of its surface, applying heat and pressure to said layer to raise its temperature above the softening point of the polymer and fuse said layer, and cooling the fused layer to form a non-cellular skin. The cellular product may have at least 95% of the cells of a diameter less than 7 Ám. and at least 90% less than 2 Ám. The liquid monomer preferably comprises at least 50% by weight of methyl methacrylate, whilst the emulsifier preferably comprises an unsaturated polyester of a bisphenol A epoxy-modified glycol and one or more ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids, the quantity of polyester lying within the range 0À3-5% by weight of the monomer. Polymeric materials may also be added to the mixture, e.g. a polymethyl methacrylate for use with methyl methacrylate. Ease of glazing is affected by the number of free radicals available for initiating the reaction. The polymerization may be initiated at a temperature within the range 10-50 C. in the presence of sufficient free radicals. The ability to form a skin may also be improved by copolymerizing the monomer with monoethylenically unsaturated comonomers which provide internal plasticization, e.g. 2-ethyl-hexyl acrylate, in an amount 5-20% by weight. The applied pressure should be less than that required to crush the cellular core and may be between 0À5 and 70 bar. The cellular polymer obtained from the polymerization reaction may be cut into smaller pieces which are subsequently provided with an integral skin by fusion. The cellular sheets having integral non-cellular skins may be moulded, in which moulding process at a temperature above its softening at least part of the surface is stretched. The surface of the cellular article may be patterned or ornamented, e.g. by transfer techniques. The polymeric material may also contain fillers, e.g. glass fibres. The examples refer to cellular materials formed from methyl methacrylate, polymethylmethacrylate and as emulsifier:-a polysiloxane (1); propoxylated bisphenol A unsaturated polyester (2), (3), (4), (5).
Priority Applications (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB4528970A GB1360397A (en) | 1970-09-23 | 1970-09-23 | Method for the production of an integral skin |
US00182150A US3802949A (en) | 1970-09-23 | 1971-09-20 | Method for the production of an integral skin |
AU33689/71A AU463076B2 (en) | 1970-09-23 | 1971-09-20 | Method forthe production ofan integral skin |
FR7134221A FR2107907B1 (en) | 1970-09-23 | 1971-09-23 | |
DE19712147582 DE2147582A1 (en) | 1970-09-23 | 1971-09-23 | Process for the manufacture of cellular objects with an integral skin |
IT29011/71A IT938830B (en) | 1970-09-23 | 1971-09-23 | METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A INTEGRAL SKIN |
BE773000A BE773000A (en) | 1970-09-23 | 1971-09-23 | PROCESS FOR FORMING A NON-CELLULAR SKIN THAT IS BODY WITH ITS SUBSTRATE |
NL7113065A NL7113065A (en) | 1970-09-23 | 1971-09-23 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB4528970A GB1360397A (en) | 1970-09-23 | 1970-09-23 | Method for the production of an integral skin |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
GB1360397A true GB1360397A (en) | 1974-07-17 |
Family
ID=10436634
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
GB4528970A Expired GB1360397A (en) | 1970-09-23 | 1970-09-23 | Method for the production of an integral skin |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3802949A (en) |
AU (1) | AU463076B2 (en) |
BE (1) | BE773000A (en) |
DE (1) | DE2147582A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2107907B1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1360397A (en) |
IT (1) | IT938830B (en) |
NL (1) | NL7113065A (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4411439A1 (en) * | 1994-03-31 | 1995-10-05 | Schock & Co Gmbh | Plastic molded body made of water-expanded acrylic resin |
Families Citing this family (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3958053A (en) * | 1971-06-16 | 1976-05-18 | Imperial Chemical Industries Limited | Articles having integral transparent or translucent panels |
GB1428371A (en) * | 1972-06-08 | 1976-03-17 | Ici Ltd | Sheets |
GB1430068A (en) * | 1972-07-11 | 1976-03-31 | Ici Ltd | Cellular articles having integral decorative panels |
GB1485776A (en) * | 1974-01-10 | 1977-09-14 | Ici Ltd | Method of making a foamed article |
US4026828A (en) * | 1975-06-13 | 1977-05-31 | Rohm And Haas Company | Foamed thermoset articles and processes |
IT1132206B (en) * | 1980-07-18 | 1986-06-25 | Snia Viscosa | PROCEDURE FOR OBTAINING UNSATURATED POLYESTER RESIN-BASED CELL MATERIALS |
JPS61162328A (en) * | 1985-01-11 | 1986-07-23 | Toyota Motor Corp | Molding method of skin in integral foaming |
US4775502A (en) * | 1986-08-01 | 1988-10-04 | Chafvin Jr Harry H | Process for production of microcellular resin castings |
EP0510521A3 (en) * | 1991-04-26 | 1993-02-10 | Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd. | A method of preparation of foamed articles of polyvinyl chloride resins |
DE10231830A1 (en) | 2002-07-12 | 2004-01-22 | Röhm GmbH & Co. KG | Foam with compacted surface |
DE102010040775A1 (en) | 2010-09-15 | 2012-03-15 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | facade panel |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3398224A (en) * | 1965-07-07 | 1968-08-20 | Pepperell Mfg Company | Method of and apparatus for providing a polyurethane foam with a dense surface layer |
-
1970
- 1970-09-23 GB GB4528970A patent/GB1360397A/en not_active Expired
-
1971
- 1971-09-20 AU AU33689/71A patent/AU463076B2/en not_active Expired
- 1971-09-20 US US00182150A patent/US3802949A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1971-09-23 IT IT29011/71A patent/IT938830B/en active
- 1971-09-23 FR FR7134221A patent/FR2107907B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1971-09-23 NL NL7113065A patent/NL7113065A/xx unknown
- 1971-09-23 DE DE19712147582 patent/DE2147582A1/en active Pending
- 1971-09-23 BE BE773000A patent/BE773000A/en unknown
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4411439A1 (en) * | 1994-03-31 | 1995-10-05 | Schock & Co Gmbh | Plastic molded body made of water-expanded acrylic resin |
WO1995027001A1 (en) * | 1994-03-31 | 1995-10-12 | Schock & Co. Gmbh | Plastic moulding of water-expanded acrylic resin |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
IT938830B (en) | 1973-02-10 |
AU463076B2 (en) | 1975-07-17 |
DE2147582A1 (en) | 1972-03-30 |
US3802949A (en) | 1974-04-09 |
FR2107907B1 (en) | 1975-07-18 |
FR2107907A1 (en) | 1972-05-12 |
NL7113065A (en) | 1972-03-27 |
AU3368971A (en) | 1973-03-29 |
BE773000A (en) | 1972-03-23 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PS | Patent sealed [section 19, patents act 1949] | ||
PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |