GB1081816A - Data handling system - Google Patents
Data handling systemInfo
- Publication number
- GB1081816A GB1081816A GB41687/64A GB4168764A GB1081816A GB 1081816 A GB1081816 A GB 1081816A GB 41687/64 A GB41687/64 A GB 41687/64A GB 4168764 A GB4168764 A GB 4168764A GB 1081816 A GB1081816 A GB 1081816A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- level
- sequences
- maintenance
- program
- order
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 abstract 13
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000007429 general method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000008707 rearrangement Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000246 remedial effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
- G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
- G06F9/46—Multiprogramming arrangements
- G06F9/48—Program initiating; Program switching, e.g. by interrupt
- G06F9/4806—Task transfer initiation or dispatching
- G06F9/4812—Task transfer initiation or dispatching by interrupt, e.g. masked
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F11/00—Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F11/00—Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring
- G06F11/07—Responding to the occurrence of a fault, e.g. fault tolerance
- G06F11/0703—Error or fault processing not based on redundancy, i.e. by taking additional measures to deal with the error or fault not making use of redundancy in operation, in hardware, or in data representation
- G06F11/0751—Error or fault detection not based on redundancy
- G06F11/0754—Error or fault detection not based on redundancy by exceeding limits
- G06F11/0757—Error or fault detection not based on redundancy by exceeding limits by exceeding a time limit, i.e. time-out, e.g. watchdogs
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F11/00—Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring
- G06F11/07—Responding to the occurrence of a fault, e.g. fault tolerance
- G06F11/08—Error detection or correction by redundancy in data representation, e.g. by using checking codes
- G06F11/10—Adding special bits or symbols to the coded information, e.g. parity check, casting out 9's or 11's
- G06F11/1008—Adding special bits or symbols to the coded information, e.g. parity check, casting out 9's or 11's in individual solid state devices
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F11/00—Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring
- G06F11/07—Responding to the occurrence of a fault, e.g. fault tolerance
- G06F11/14—Error detection or correction of the data by redundancy in operation
- G06F11/1402—Saving, restoring, recovering or retrying
- G06F11/1405—Saving, restoring, recovering or retrying at machine instruction level
- G06F11/141—Saving, restoring, recovering or retrying at machine instruction level for bus or memory accesses
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F11/00—Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring
- G06F11/07—Responding to the occurrence of a fault, e.g. fault tolerance
- G06F11/16—Error detection or correction of the data by redundancy in hardware
- G06F11/1629—Error detection by comparing the output of redundant processing systems
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F11/00—Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring
- G06F11/07—Responding to the occurrence of a fault, e.g. fault tolerance
- G06F11/16—Error detection or correction of the data by redundancy in hardware
- G06F11/1629—Error detection by comparing the output of redundant processing systems
- G06F11/1633—Error detection by comparing the output of redundant processing systems using mutual exchange of the output between the redundant processing components
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F11/00—Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring
- G06F11/07—Responding to the occurrence of a fault, e.g. fault tolerance
- G06F11/16—Error detection or correction of the data by redundancy in hardware
- G06F11/1629—Error detection by comparing the output of redundant processing systems
- G06F11/1641—Error detection by comparing the output of redundant processing systems where the comparison is not performed by the redundant processing components
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F11/00—Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring
- G06F11/07—Responding to the occurrence of a fault, e.g. fault tolerance
- G06F11/16—Error detection or correction of the data by redundancy in hardware
- G06F11/1629—Error detection by comparing the output of redundant processing systems
- G06F11/1641—Error detection by comparing the output of redundant processing systems where the comparison is not performed by the redundant processing components
- G06F11/1645—Error detection by comparing the output of redundant processing systems where the comparison is not performed by the redundant processing components and the comparison itself uses redundant hardware
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F11/00—Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring
- G06F11/07—Responding to the occurrence of a fault, e.g. fault tolerance
- G06F11/16—Error detection or correction of the data by redundancy in hardware
- G06F11/1629—Error detection by comparing the output of redundant processing systems
- G06F11/165—Error detection by comparing the output of redundant processing systems with continued operation after detection of the error
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F11/00—Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring
- G06F11/07—Responding to the occurrence of a fault, e.g. fault tolerance
- G06F11/16—Error detection or correction of the data by redundancy in hardware
- G06F11/1629—Error detection by comparing the output of redundant processing systems
- G06F11/1654—Error detection by comparing the output of redundant processing systems where the output of only one of the redundant processing components can drive the attached hardware, e.g. memory or I/O
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F11/00—Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring
- G06F11/07—Responding to the occurrence of a fault, e.g. fault tolerance
- G06F11/16—Error detection or correction of the data by redundancy in hardware
- G06F11/1666—Error detection or correction of the data by redundancy in hardware where the redundant component is memory or memory area
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F11/00—Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring
- G06F11/07—Responding to the occurrence of a fault, e.g. fault tolerance
- G06F11/16—Error detection or correction of the data by redundancy in hardware
- G06F11/1675—Temporal synchronisation or re-synchronisation of redundant processing components
- G06F11/1679—Temporal synchronisation or re-synchronisation of redundant processing components at clock signal level
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F11/00—Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring
- G06F11/07—Responding to the occurrence of a fault, e.g. fault tolerance
- G06F11/16—Error detection or correction of the data by redundancy in hardware
- G06F11/1675—Temporal synchronisation or re-synchronisation of redundant processing components
- G06F11/1687—Temporal synchronisation or re-synchronisation of redundant processing components at event level, e.g. by interrupt or result of polling
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F11/00—Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring
- G06F11/07—Responding to the occurrence of a fault, e.g. fault tolerance
- G06F11/16—Error detection or correction of the data by redundancy in hardware
- G06F11/20—Error detection or correction of the data by redundancy in hardware using active fault-masking, e.g. by switching out faulty elements or by switching in spare elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F11/00—Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring
- G06F11/07—Responding to the occurrence of a fault, e.g. fault tolerance
- G06F11/16—Error detection or correction of the data by redundancy in hardware
- G06F11/20—Error detection or correction of the data by redundancy in hardware using active fault-masking, e.g. by switching out faulty elements or by switching in spare elements
- G06F11/202—Error detection or correction of the data by redundancy in hardware using active fault-masking, e.g. by switching out faulty elements or by switching in spare elements where processing functionality is redundant
- G06F11/2023—Failover techniques
- G06F11/2033—Failover techniques switching over of hardware resources
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F11/00—Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring
- G06F11/07—Responding to the occurrence of a fault, e.g. fault tolerance
- G06F11/16—Error detection or correction of the data by redundancy in hardware
- G06F11/20—Error detection or correction of the data by redundancy in hardware using active fault-masking, e.g. by switching out faulty elements or by switching in spare elements
- G06F11/202—Error detection or correction of the data by redundancy in hardware using active fault-masking, e.g. by switching out faulty elements or by switching in spare elements where processing functionality is redundant
- G06F11/2043—Error detection or correction of the data by redundancy in hardware using active fault-masking, e.g. by switching out faulty elements or by switching in spare elements where processing functionality is redundant where the redundant components share a common memory address space
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F15/00—Digital computers in general; Data processing equipment in general
- G06F15/16—Combinations of two or more digital computers each having at least an arithmetic unit, a program unit and a register, e.g. for a simultaneous processing of several programs
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
- G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
- G06F9/30—Arrangements for executing machine instructions, e.g. instruction decode
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
- G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
- G06F9/30—Arrangements for executing machine instructions, e.g. instruction decode
- G06F9/30003—Arrangements for executing specific machine instructions
- G06F9/30007—Arrangements for executing specific machine instructions to perform operations on data operands
- G06F9/30018—Bit or string instructions
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
- G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
- G06F9/30—Arrangements for executing machine instructions, e.g. instruction decode
- G06F9/38—Concurrent instruction execution, e.g. pipeline or look ahead
- G06F9/3867—Concurrent instruction execution, e.g. pipeline or look ahead using instruction pipelines
- G06F9/3875—Pipelining a single stage, e.g. superpipelining
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
- G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
- G06F9/46—Multiprogramming arrangements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
- G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
- G06F9/46—Multiprogramming arrangements
- G06F9/48—Program initiating; Program switching, e.g. by interrupt
- G06F9/4806—Task transfer initiation or dispatching
- G06F9/4812—Task transfer initiation or dispatching by interrupt, e.g. masked
- G06F9/4825—Interrupt from clock, e.g. time of day
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q3/00—Selecting arrangements
- H04Q3/42—Circuit arrangements for indirect selecting controlled by common circuits, e.g. register controller, marker
- H04Q3/54—Circuit arrangements for indirect selecting controlled by common circuits, e.g. register controller, marker in which the logic circuitry controlling the exchange is centralised
- H04Q3/545—Circuit arrangements for indirect selecting controlled by common circuits, e.g. register controller, marker in which the logic circuitry controlling the exchange is centralised using a stored programme
- H04Q3/54541—Circuit arrangements for indirect selecting controlled by common circuits, e.g. register controller, marker in which the logic circuitry controlling the exchange is centralised using a stored programme using multi-processor systems
- H04Q3/5455—Multi-processor, parallelism, distributed systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q3/00—Selecting arrangements
- H04Q3/42—Circuit arrangements for indirect selecting controlled by common circuits, e.g. register controller, marker
- H04Q3/54—Circuit arrangements for indirect selecting controlled by common circuits, e.g. register controller, marker in which the logic circuitry controlling the exchange is centralised
- H04Q3/545—Circuit arrangements for indirect selecting controlled by common circuits, e.g. register controller, marker in which the logic circuitry controlling the exchange is centralised using a stored programme
- H04Q3/54575—Software application
- H04Q3/54591—Supervision, e.g. fault localisation, traffic measurements, avoiding errors, failure recovery, monitoring, statistical analysis
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F11/00—Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring
- G06F11/07—Responding to the occurrence of a fault, e.g. fault tolerance
- G06F11/16—Error detection or correction of the data by redundancy in hardware
- G06F11/20—Error detection or correction of the data by redundancy in hardware using active fault-masking, e.g. by switching out faulty elements or by switching in spare elements
- G06F11/2002—Error detection or correction of the data by redundancy in hardware using active fault-masking, e.g. by switching out faulty elements or by switching in spare elements where interconnections or communication control functionality are redundant
- G06F11/2007—Error detection or correction of the data by redundancy in hardware using active fault-masking, e.g. by switching out faulty elements or by switching in spare elements where interconnections or communication control functionality are redundant using redundant communication media
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to error detection, to error correction, and to monitoring
- G06F2201/845—Systems in which the redundancy can be transformed in increased performance
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Quality & Reliability (AREA)
- Software Systems (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Monitoring And Testing Of Exchanges (AREA)
- Interface Circuits In Exchanges (AREA)
- Exchange Systems With Centralized Control (AREA)
- Executing Machine-Instructions (AREA)
Abstract
1,081,816. Automatic exchange systems. WESTERN ELECTRIC CO. Inc. Oct. 13, 1964 [Dec. 31, 1963], No. 41687/64. Heading H4K. [Also in Division G4] A data processing system comprises a program store containing three types of sequences of program order words, viz.: (1) base level (normal data processing) sequences, (2) timed interrupt sequences and (3) maintenance interrupt sequences, wherein the second sequences are executed at regular intervals for performing routine actions on the system and the third sequences are executed at any time as a result of a fault occurring in the system. The system is for use with a program-controlled ferreed switching system. The general method of operation is similar to that described in Specification 904,164. The base level program comprises five sublevels LA to LE (Fig. 74) of which the sequences associated with higher sub-levels i.e. LA, are performed more frequently than those of lower levels, i.e. LE. During the time allotted to sub-levels LA to LD, the various " jobs " associated with these sub-levels are performed. If at the end of the allotted time more jobs remain to be done then these jobs are tackled first when the sub-level containing them is next performed. In the case of sub-level E, however, a priority system of jobs is maintained. For example, if a fault, the location of which may be deferred, is detected, then this fault location takes priority every time sub-level LE is performed (Fig. 83, not shown) while other jobs executed in sub-level LE such as routine testing of the system are graded in order of priority and many machine cycles may pass before they are even considered for execution. The base-level program is used for all jobs which do not require a rigid timetable, e.g. the processing of information obtained from the line scanners which scan the lines at the rate of once every 100 m.secs. However, the actual gathering of information from the lines, e.g. request for service, impulsing, hang-up &c., must be performed to a rigid timetable and for this purpose the timed interrupt sequences are required. The timed interrupt sequences are initiated at 5 m.sec. intervals and for convenience they are divided into odd and even (H and J levels, Fig. 74) sequences. The various network points such as lines, trunks &c. which must be scanned and other points such as switches which require commands are addressed during these sequences. In addition, various malfunctions of the system may be detected during these sequences and these faults are " examined " in order to determine their nature and thus to decide how they should be dealt with. In general the particular program order word being executed is completed before the fault is dealt with. Some faults require almost immediate attention and these are dealt with by the maintenance interrupt sequences whilst others are not so urgent and may be deferred for remedial action to be taken during the course of the base level program as previously mentioned. The maintenance sequences comprise levels A to G (Fig. 74) in that order of priority. Any maintenance level currently being performed may be interrupted on a request occurring for a higher level. After the new level is executed successfully, the interrupted level is returned to and completion of that level causes a reversion to the base level. In most cases the A and B levels are of equal priority. The A level is set-up for manual testing of the system and is used very infrequently. The B level can interrupt the A level and of course all lower levels and occurs in the case of emergency action. The latter arises as a result of uncorrectable faults (i.e. lower level maintenance cannot cope) and leads to a rearrangement of the program and call stores, the central controls and the intercommunicating buses as is more fully described in Specification 1,081,812. The order word sequences for maintenance are in general stored in a program store but in the event that a fault occurs as a result of addressing such a store the maintenance sequence appropriate to this is stored in the call store. The latter contains special locations for storing information contained in a central control prior to maintenance. This information and the address of the order currently being executed are transferred to these locations before the data concerned with the maintenance function is brought into the central control. At the end of maintenace the original information is of course returned to central control. In general maintenance is delayed until the current order is executed, for example certain order words contain special bit positions indicating that no maintenance below a certain level is to be performed until the order is completed. If an interrupt is attempted during the processing of such words a flip-flop in central control is operated so that the relevant maintenance can be performed later. Numerous examples of deferable maintenance and of the methods used for protecting data in the stores are given in the Specification.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US33487563A | 1963-12-31 | 1963-12-31 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
GB1081816A true GB1081816A (en) | 1967-09-06 |
Family
ID=23309246
Family Applications (7)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
GB41688/64A Expired GB1081817A (en) | 1963-12-31 | 1964-10-13 | Communication switching system |
GB41684/64A Expired GB1081813A (en) | 1963-12-31 | 1964-10-13 | Data handling system |
GB41687/64A Expired GB1081816A (en) | 1963-12-31 | 1964-10-13 | Data handling system |
GB41683/64A Expired GB1081812A (en) | 1963-12-31 | 1964-10-13 | Data handling system |
GB41685/64A Expired GB1081814A (en) | 1963-12-31 | 1964-10-13 | Data handling system |
GB41682/64A Expired GB1081811A (en) | 1963-12-31 | 1964-10-13 | Data handling system |
GB41686/64A Expired GB1081815A (en) | 1963-12-31 | 1964-10-13 | System for detecting changes in supervisory states of a communication system |
Family Applications Before (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
GB41688/64A Expired GB1081817A (en) | 1963-12-31 | 1964-10-13 | Communication switching system |
GB41684/64A Expired GB1081813A (en) | 1963-12-31 | 1964-10-13 | Data handling system |
Family Applications After (4)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
GB41683/64A Expired GB1081812A (en) | 1963-12-31 | 1964-10-13 | Data handling system |
GB41685/64A Expired GB1081814A (en) | 1963-12-31 | 1964-10-13 | Data handling system |
GB41682/64A Expired GB1081811A (en) | 1963-12-31 | 1964-10-13 | Data handling system |
GB41686/64A Expired GB1081815A (en) | 1963-12-31 | 1964-10-13 | System for detecting changes in supervisory states of a communication system |
Country Status (13)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3570008A (en) |
JP (1) | JPS514062B1 (en) |
AT (7) | AT273543B (en) |
BE (7) | BE654495A (en) |
BR (4) | BR6463328D0 (en) |
CH (7) | CH479991A (en) |
DE (6) | DE1474096A1 (en) |
DK (4) | DK136007B (en) |
FR (7) | FR1426970A (en) |
GB (7) | GB1081817A (en) |
IL (7) | IL22237A (en) |
NL (8) | NL140351B (en) |
SE (4) | SE334392B (en) |
Families Citing this family (23)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3723975A (en) * | 1971-06-28 | 1973-03-27 | Ibm | Overdue event detector |
US3737870A (en) * | 1972-04-24 | 1973-06-05 | Ibm | Status switching arrangement |
US3892928A (en) * | 1973-10-09 | 1975-07-01 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Switching system equipped with line verification apparatus |
US4053751A (en) * | 1976-04-28 | 1977-10-11 | Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated | Adaptable exerciser for a memory system |
US4048452A (en) * | 1976-05-28 | 1977-09-13 | Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated | Automatic call distribution system |
DE2849371A1 (en) * | 1978-11-14 | 1980-05-29 | Siemens Ag | METHOD FOR TRANSMITTING INFORMATION BETWEEN FACILITIES OF AN INDIRECTLY CONTROLLED SWITCHING SYSTEM, IN PARTICULAR TELEPHONE SWITCHING SYSTEM |
US4345116A (en) * | 1980-12-31 | 1982-08-17 | Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated | Dynamic, non-hierarchical arrangement for routing traffic |
JPS57182858A (en) * | 1981-05-06 | 1982-11-10 | Japan Electronic Control Syst Co Ltd | Monitor circuit for program runaway in computer |
US4484030A (en) * | 1982-04-19 | 1984-11-20 | At&T Bell Laboratories | Method and apparatus for identifying faulty communications circuits |
US4565903A (en) * | 1983-08-03 | 1986-01-21 | At&T Bell Laboratories | Telephone interexchange carrier selection |
US4555594A (en) * | 1983-08-03 | 1985-11-26 | At&T Bell Laboratories | Telephone interexchange signaling protocol |
US4577066A (en) * | 1983-08-03 | 1986-03-18 | At&T Bell Laboratories | Telephone interexchange call routing |
EP0212272B1 (en) * | 1985-08-14 | 1990-10-03 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Circuit arrangement for telecommunication exchanges, particularly telephone exchanges, comprising scanning points which are cyclically controlled by information interrogation devices |
DE3668745D1 (en) * | 1985-08-14 | 1990-03-08 | Siemens Ag | CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENT FOR TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS, ESPECIALLY TELECOMMUNICATION SWITCHING SYSTEMS, WITH REQUESTING POINTS, CYCLICALLY CONTROLLING INFORMATION REQUESTING DEVICES. |
US4660220A (en) * | 1986-02-25 | 1987-04-21 | Kraus Constantine R | No answer mode for telephone systems |
US4763191A (en) * | 1986-03-17 | 1988-08-09 | American Telephone And Telegraph Company, At&T Bell Laboratories | Dial-up telephone network equipment for requesting an identified selection |
US5289542A (en) * | 1991-03-04 | 1994-02-22 | At&T Bell Laboratories | Caller identification system with encryption |
US5329581A (en) * | 1991-12-23 | 1994-07-12 | At&T Bell Laboratories | Target area calling system |
US5444774A (en) * | 1992-06-26 | 1995-08-22 | At&T Corp. | Interactive queuing sytem for call centers |
US5521965A (en) * | 1992-08-14 | 1996-05-28 | Bell Atlantic Network Services, Inc. | Apparatus and method for handling busy calls in telephone network |
US6618474B1 (en) | 1999-03-08 | 2003-09-09 | Morris Reese | Method and apparatus for providing to a customer a promotional message between ringing signals or after a call waiting tone |
US8489915B2 (en) * | 2009-07-30 | 2013-07-16 | Cleversafe, Inc. | Method and apparatus for storage integrity processing based on error types in a dispersed storage network |
CN111618854A (en) * | 2020-05-26 | 2020-09-04 | ä¸å›½äººæ°‘è§£æ”¾å†›å›½é˜²ç§‘æŠ€å¤§å¦ | Task segmentation and collaboration method for security robot |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1024124B (en) * | 1953-03-30 | 1958-02-13 | Lionel Roy Frank Harris | Method for selecting one of several lines in telecommunication systems, in particular in telephone systems that work according to the time division multiplex method |
NL231869A (en) * | 1957-10-07 | |||
NL286208A (en) * | 1961-04-25 |
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0
- NL NL137733D patent/NL137733C/xx active
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1963
- 1963-12-31 US US334875A patent/US3570008A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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1964
- 1964-10-12 BR BR163328/64A patent/BR6463328D0/en unknown
- 1964-10-12 BR BR163327/64A patent/BR6463327D0/en unknown
- 1964-10-12 IL IL22237A patent/IL22237A/en unknown
- 1964-10-12 IL IL22241A patent/IL22241A/en unknown
- 1964-10-12 IL IL22239A patent/IL22239A/en unknown
- 1964-10-12 BR BR163330/64A patent/BR6463330D0/en unknown
- 1964-10-12 IL IL22243A patent/IL22243A/en unknown
- 1964-10-12 IL IL22242A patent/IL22242A/en unknown
- 1964-10-12 IL IL22240A patent/IL22240A/en unknown
- 1964-10-12 IL IL22238A patent/IL22238A/en unknown
- 1964-10-12 BR BR163331/64A patent/BR6463331D0/en unknown
- 1964-10-13 GB GB41688/64A patent/GB1081817A/en not_active Expired
- 1964-10-13 DE DE19641474096 patent/DE1474096A1/en active Pending
- 1964-10-13 GB GB41684/64A patent/GB1081813A/en not_active Expired
- 1964-10-13 GB GB41687/64A patent/GB1081816A/en not_active Expired
- 1964-10-13 DE DE19641474093 patent/DE1474093B2/en active Pending
- 1964-10-13 GB GB41683/64A patent/GB1081812A/en not_active Expired
- 1964-10-13 DE DE19641437576 patent/DE1437576C3/en not_active Expired
- 1964-10-13 GB GB41685/64A patent/GB1081814A/en not_active Expired
- 1964-10-13 DE DE19641437577 patent/DE1437577B2/en active Pending
- 1964-10-13 GB GB41682/64A patent/GB1081811A/en not_active Expired
- 1964-10-13 DE DE19641474095D patent/DE1474095B1/en active Pending
- 1964-10-13 GB GB41686/64A patent/GB1081815A/en not_active Expired
- 1964-10-13 DE DE19641474094D patent/DE1474094B/en active Pending
- 1964-10-14 DK DK506864AA patent/DK136007B/en unknown
- 1964-10-14 DK DK507264AA patent/DK114415B/en unknown
- 1964-10-14 DK DK506964AA patent/DK136878B/en unknown
- 1964-10-14 DK DK507064AA patent/DK115124B/en unknown
- 1964-10-15 FR FR991615A patent/FR1426970A/en not_active Expired
- 1964-10-15 FR FR991616A patent/FR1442298A/en not_active Expired
- 1964-10-15 SE SE12409/64A patent/SE334392B/xx unknown
- 1964-10-15 FR FR991617A patent/FR1426971A/en not_active Expired
- 1964-10-15 SE SE12407/64A patent/SE319926B/xx unknown
- 1964-10-15 CH CH1336664A patent/CH479991A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1964-10-15 AT AT875964A patent/AT273543B/en active
- 1964-10-15 CH CH1336864A patent/CH479993A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1964-10-15 FR FR991619A patent/FR1426973A/en not_active Expired
- 1964-10-15 CH CH1336764A patent/CH479992A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1964-10-15 FR FR991618A patent/FR1426972A/en not_active Expired
- 1964-10-15 CH CH1336564A patent/CH479990A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1964-10-15 CH CH1336964A patent/CH477140A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1964-10-15 AT AT876464A patent/AT274057B/en active
- 1964-10-15 AT AT876264A patent/AT274056B/en active
- 1964-10-15 AT AT875864A patent/AT272712B/en active
- 1964-10-15 SE SE12406/64A patent/SE312940B/xx unknown
- 1964-10-15 CH CH1336464A patent/CH476442A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1964-10-15 AT AT876164A patent/AT269518B/en active
- 1964-10-15 CH CH1336364A patent/CH476441A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1964-10-15 AT AT876364A patent/AT271951B/en active
- 1964-10-15 FR FR991620A patent/FR1446309A/en not_active Expired
- 1964-10-15 AT AT876064A patent/AT271950B/en active
- 1964-10-15 SE SE12410/64A patent/SE326990B/xx unknown
- 1964-10-16 BE BE654495D patent/BE654495A/xx unknown
- 1964-10-16 BE BE654496D patent/BE654496A/xx unknown
- 1964-10-16 BE BE654494D patent/BE654494A/xx unknown
- 1964-10-16 BE BE654492D patent/BE654492A/xx unknown
- 1964-10-16 BE BE654493D patent/BE654493A/xx unknown
- 1964-10-16 BE BE654497D patent/BE654497A/xx unknown
- 1964-12-30 NL NL646415240A patent/NL140351B/en unknown
- 1964-12-30 NL NL6415239A patent/NL6415239A/xx unknown
- 1964-12-30 NL NL6415236A patent/NL6415236A/xx unknown
- 1964-12-30 FR FR497A patent/FR1442332A/en not_active Expired
- 1964-12-30 NL NL6415241A patent/NL6415241A/xx unknown
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- 1964-12-30 NL NL646415237A patent/NL145065B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1964-12-30 NL NL6415235A patent/NL6415235A/xx unknown
- 1964-12-30 NL NL6415238A patent/NL6415238A/xx unknown
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1973
- 1973-12-13 JP JP48138248A patent/JPS514062B1/ja active Pending
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