GB1006804A - Improvements in or relating to lasers - Google Patents

Improvements in or relating to lasers

Info

Publication number
GB1006804A
GB1006804A GB24012/63A GB2401263A GB1006804A GB 1006804 A GB1006804 A GB 1006804A GB 24012/63 A GB24012/63 A GB 24012/63A GB 2401263 A GB2401263 A GB 2401263A GB 1006804 A GB1006804 A GB 1006804A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
prism
radiation
angle
distance
output beam
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
GB24012/63A
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
PHILLIPS ELECTRONIC AND ASSOCI
Original Assignee
PHILLIPS ELECTRONIC AND ASSOCI
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by PHILLIPS ELECTRONIC AND ASSOCI filed Critical PHILLIPS ELECTRONIC AND ASSOCI
Publication of GB1006804A publication Critical patent/GB1006804A/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
    • H01S3/08—Construction or shape of optical resonators or components thereof
    • H01S3/081—Construction or shape of optical resonators or components thereof comprising three or more reflectors
    • H01S3/083—Ring lasers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/34—Optical coupling means utilising prism or grating
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/42—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
    • G02B6/4201—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/42—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
    • G02B6/4201—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details
    • G02B6/4202—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details for coupling an active element with fibres without intermediate optical elements, e.g. fibres with plane ends, fibres with shaped ends, bundles
    • G02B6/4203—Optical features
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/42—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
    • G02B6/4201—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details
    • G02B6/4204—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details the coupling comprising intermediate optical elements, e.g. lenses, holograms
    • G02B6/4206—Optical features
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/42—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
    • G02B6/4298—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements coupling with non-coherent light sources and/or radiation detectors, e.g. lamps, incandescent bulbs, scintillation chambers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/02—Details
    • H01L31/0232—Optical elements or arrangements associated with the device
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/02—Details
    • H01L31/0232—Optical elements or arrangements associated with the device
    • H01L31/02327—Optical elements or arrangements associated with the device the optical elements being integrated or being directly associated to the device, e.g. back reflectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
    • H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
    • H01S3/0602—Crystal lasers or glass lasers
    • H01S3/0606—Crystal lasers or glass lasers with polygonal cross-section, e.g. slab, prism
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
    • H01S3/08—Construction or shape of optical resonators or components thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/09—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping
    • H01S3/091—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping
    • H01S3/0915—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by incoherent light
    • H01S3/092—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by incoherent light of flash lamp
    • H01S3/093—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by incoherent light of flash lamp focusing or directing the excitation energy into the active medium
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
    • H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
    • H01S3/0602—Crystal lasers or glass lasers
    • H01S3/0615—Shape of end-face
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
    • H01S3/08—Construction or shape of optical resonators or components thereof
    • H01S3/08059—Constructional details of the reflector, e.g. shape
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
    • H01S3/105—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling the mutual position or the reflecting properties of the reflectors of the cavity, e.g. by controlling the cavity length

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Optical Couplings Of Light Guides (AREA)
  • Lasers (AREA)
  • Radiation-Therapy Devices (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)

Abstract

1,006,804. Lasers. PHILIPS ELECTRONIC & ASSOCIATED INDUSTRIES Ltd. June 17, 1963 [June 20, 1962], No. 24012/63. Heading H3B. In a solid laser the active medium is in the form of an elongated body the ends of which take the form of right angle prisms such that stimulated radiations induced in the body are totally internally reflected at the ends of the body. As shown in the Figure the laser active material 1 of ruby or a crystal of uranium or samarium activated calcium fluoride has its ends cut and polished in the form of rightangled prisms 2, 3. Located opposite a surface of the prism 2 is a right-angle prism 4 spaced a distance d from prism 2 and having its apex coupled to a magnetostriction device 5 comprising a rod 6 of magnetostrictive material surrounded by coil 7 connected to a control voltage source 8. Thus by varying the current passing through the coil 7 the distance d may be varied. When the body 1 is excited by radiation from xenon discharge tube 9 lasing radiation will be emitted, a portion of which traverses the horizontal axis of the body 1 and impinges on the lasing material-air interface at an angle greater than the critical angle so that this axial radiation is totally internally reflected. Similar reflections take place at prism 3 so that if the prism 4 is at a distance d greater than the wavelength of the stimulated radiation no radiation escapes from the body 1. However if the movable prism 4 is moved closer to the surface of the prism 2 than the wavelength of the radiation then since some of the radiation penetrates the optically less dense medium a distance of about one tenth of a wavelength, a fraction of the radiation striking the end surface of prism 2 will enter prism 4 and travel from there outside the system as the output beam 11. Surface 12 of prism 4 may be made reflecting in order to obtain an output beam in only one direction. By applying a varying voltage to the coil 7 the output beam may be amplitude modulated. If a continuous uncontrolled output beam is desired a second right-angle prism 14 is positioned as shown separated from the prism 3 by a layer 15 of material having a refractive index lower than that of body 1. The magnetostrictive device 5 may be replaced by a piezoelectric device.
GB24012/63A 1962-06-20 1963-06-17 Improvements in or relating to lasers Expired GB1006804A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US20397262A 1962-06-20 1962-06-20

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB1006804A true GB1006804A (en) 1965-10-06

Family

ID=22756047

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB24012/63A Expired GB1006804A (en) 1962-06-20 1963-06-17 Improvements in or relating to lasers
GB24013/63A Expired GB986042A (en) 1962-06-20 1963-06-17 Improvements in or relating to optical systems

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB24013/63A Expired GB986042A (en) 1962-06-20 1963-06-17 Improvements in or relating to optical systems

Country Status (8)

Country Link
AT (2) AT240909B (en)
BE (2) BE633758A (en)
CH (2) CH426037A (en)
DE (2) DE1464314A1 (en)
DK (1) DK106620C (en)
FR (2) FR1363539A (en)
GB (2) GB1006804A (en)
SE (1) SE313128B (en)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3538453A (en) * 1966-11-28 1970-11-03 Wendell S Miller Frustrated total internal reflection laser system
US4468778A (en) * 1980-04-05 1984-08-28 Heinrich Karning Wave guide laser with frustration element
EP2070101A2 (en) * 2006-07-26 2009-06-17 Spacedesign Corporation Method and apparatus for communicating radiation pressure provided by a light wave

Families Citing this family (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3500240A (en) * 1964-11-30 1970-03-10 Us Navy Simple traveling wave laser using total - internal - reflection resonator
US4004249A (en) * 1976-01-22 1977-01-18 General Motors Corporation Optical waveguide laser pumped by guided electromagnetic wave
DE2654465C3 (en) * 1976-12-01 1981-12-03 Erwin Sick Gmbh Optik-Elektronik, 7808 Waldkirch Mixing chamber in the form of an internally mirrored optical channel
US4553238A (en) * 1983-09-30 1985-11-12 The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford University Fiber optic amplifier
YU45229B (en) * 1985-02-04 1992-05-28 Iskra Sozd Elektro Indus Monomode laser device
JPS62195601A (en) * 1985-09-20 1987-08-28 Nissho Giken Kk Optical direction converter
US5528720A (en) 1992-03-23 1996-06-18 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Co. Tapered multilayer luminaire devices
US6002829A (en) 1992-03-23 1999-12-14 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Luminaire device
NL9301115A (en) * 1993-06-25 1995-01-16 Eduardus Franciscus Antonius T Optical waveguide system provided with rigid optical waveguides
US6096375A (en) 1993-12-21 2000-08-01 3M Innovative Properties Company Optical polarizer
DE69435173D1 (en) 1993-12-21 2009-01-15 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Multilayer optical film
AU708412B2 (en) 1995-06-26 1999-08-05 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Diffusely reflecting multilayer polarizers and mirrors
JP4471522B2 (en) * 2000-03-15 2010-06-02 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 Condensing component and light source module, laser device and optical signal amplification device using the same

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3538453A (en) * 1966-11-28 1970-11-03 Wendell S Miller Frustrated total internal reflection laser system
US4468778A (en) * 1980-04-05 1984-08-28 Heinrich Karning Wave guide laser with frustration element
EP2070101A2 (en) * 2006-07-26 2009-06-17 Spacedesign Corporation Method and apparatus for communicating radiation pressure provided by a light wave
EP2070101A4 (en) * 2006-07-26 2012-01-25 Spacedesign Corp Method and apparatus for communicating radiation pressure provided by a light wave

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE633759A (en) 1900-01-01
AT240909B (en) 1965-06-25
DE1464314A1 (en) 1969-09-04
DE1464313A1 (en) 1969-10-23
FR1362805A (en) 1964-06-05
BE633758A (en) 1900-01-01
FR1363539A (en) 1964-06-12
CH436770A (en) 1967-05-31
SE313128B (en) 1969-08-04
CH426037A (en) 1966-12-15
AT247916B (en) 1966-07-11
GB986042A (en) 1965-03-17
DK106620C (en) 1967-02-27

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