FR3042196A1 - METHOD FOR SOLIDARIZING A COMPOSITE ELEMENT AND A RIGID ELEMENT - Google Patents

METHOD FOR SOLIDARIZING A COMPOSITE ELEMENT AND A RIGID ELEMENT Download PDF

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Publication number
FR3042196A1
FR3042196A1 FR1559543A FR1559543A FR3042196A1 FR 3042196 A1 FR3042196 A1 FR 3042196A1 FR 1559543 A FR1559543 A FR 1559543A FR 1559543 A FR1559543 A FR 1559543A FR 3042196 A1 FR3042196 A1 FR 3042196A1
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FR
France
Prior art keywords
elements
rigid material
thermoplastic polymer
anfractuosities
homogeneous rigid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
FR1559543A
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French (fr)
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FR3042196B1 (en
Inventor
Christophe Cornu
Richard Tomasi
Pascal Thobie
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Centre Technique des Industries Mecaniques CETIM
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Centre Technique des Industries Mecaniques CETIM
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Priority to FR1559543A priority Critical patent/FR3042196B1/en
Priority to PCT/FR2016/052594 priority patent/WO2017060646A1/en
Publication of FR3042196A1 publication Critical patent/FR3042196A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of FR3042196B1 publication Critical patent/FR3042196B1/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/64—Joining a non-plastics element to a plastics element, e.g. by force
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/02—Preparation of the material, in the area to be joined, prior to joining or welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/303—Particular design of joint configurations the joint involving an anchoring effect
    • B29C66/3032—Particular design of joint configurations the joint involving an anchoring effect making use of protrusions or cavities belonging to at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/303—Particular design of joint configurations the joint involving an anchoring effect
    • B29C66/3032—Particular design of joint configurations the joint involving an anchoring effect making use of protrusions or cavities belonging to at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/30321—Particular design of joint configurations the joint involving an anchoring effect making use of protrusions or cavities belonging to at least one of the parts to be joined making use of protrusions belonging to at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/303—Particular design of joint configurations the joint involving an anchoring effect
    • B29C66/3032—Particular design of joint configurations the joint involving an anchoring effect making use of protrusions or cavities belonging to at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/30325—Particular design of joint configurations the joint involving an anchoring effect making use of protrusions or cavities belonging to at least one of the parts to be joined making use of cavities belonging to at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/712—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined the composition of one of the parts to be joined being different from the composition of the other part
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/731—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7311—Thermal properties
    • B29C66/73115—Melting point
    • B29C66/73116—Melting point of different melting point, i.e. the melting point of one of the parts to be joined being different from the melting point of the other part
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/74—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material
    • B29C66/742—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material to metals or their alloys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/08—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1403—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the type of electromagnetic or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1412—Infrared [IR] radiation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/36—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction
    • B29C65/3604—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the type of elements heated by induction which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/3608—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the type of elements heated by induction which remain in the joint comprising single particles, e.g. fillers or discontinuous fibre-reinforcements
    • B29C65/3616—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the type of elements heated by induction which remain in the joint comprising single particles, e.g. fillers or discontinuous fibre-reinforcements comprising discontinuous fibre-reinforcements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/36—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction
    • B29C65/3672—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the composition of the elements heated by induction which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/3684—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the composition of the elements heated by induction which remain in the joint being non-metallic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/44—Joining a heated non plastics element to a plastics element
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/44—Joining a heated non plastics element to a plastics element
    • B29C65/46—Joining a heated non plastics element to a plastics element heated by induction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/64—Joining a non-plastics element to a plastics element, e.g. by force
    • B29C65/645—Joining a non-plastics element to a plastics element, e.g. by force using friction or ultrasonic vibrations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/02—Preparation of the material, in the area to be joined, prior to joining or welding
    • B29C66/022—Mechanical pre-treatments, e.g. reshaping
    • B29C66/0224—Mechanical pre-treatments, e.g. reshaping with removal of material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/02—Preparation of the material, in the area to be joined, prior to joining or welding
    • B29C66/022—Mechanical pre-treatments, e.g. reshaping
    • B29C66/0224—Mechanical pre-treatments, e.g. reshaping with removal of material
    • B29C66/02245—Abrading, e.g. grinding, sanding, sandblasting or scraping
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
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    • B29C66/024—Thermal pre-treatments
    • B29C66/0246—Cutting or perforating, e.g. burning away by using a laser or using hot air
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
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    • B29C66/3022—Particular design of joint configurations the area to be joined comprising melt initiators said melt initiators being integral with at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/30221—Particular design of joint configurations the area to be joined comprising melt initiators said melt initiators being integral with at least one of the parts to be joined said melt initiators being point-like
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B29C66/7212—Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the composition of the fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B29C66/7214—Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the length of the fibres
    • B29C66/72141—Fibres of continuous length
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/74—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material
    • B29C66/742—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material to metals or their alloys
    • B29C66/7422—Aluminium or alloys of aluminium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/74—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material
    • B29C66/742—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material to metals or their alloys
    • B29C66/7428—Transition metals or their alloys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/74—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material
    • B29C66/742—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material to metals or their alloys
    • B29C66/7428—Transition metals or their alloys
    • B29C66/74283—Iron or alloys of iron, e.g. steel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/919—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges
    • B29C66/9192—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams
    • B29C66/91921—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams in explicit relation to another temperature, e.g. to the softening temperature or softening point, to the thermal degradation temperature or to the ambient temperature
    • B29C66/91941—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams in explicit relation to another temperature, e.g. to the softening temperature or softening point, to the thermal degradation temperature or to the ambient temperature in explicit relation to Tg, i.e. the glass transition temperature, of the material of one of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/91945—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams in explicit relation to another temperature, e.g. to the softening temperature or softening point, to the thermal degradation temperature or to the ambient temperature in explicit relation to Tg, i.e. the glass transition temperature, of the material of one of the parts to be joined lower than said glass transition temperature
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/30—Vehicles, e.g. ships or aircraft, or body parts thereof

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de solidarisation d'un élément en matériau composite thermoplastique et d'un élément en matériau rigide homogène, ledit élément en matériau composite thermoplastique comprenant un polymère thermoplastique et des fibres de renfort noyées à l'intérieur dudit polymère thermoplastique, ledit procédé d'assemblage étant du type comprenant les étapes suivantes : a) on traite la surface desdits éléments ; b) on applique l'une contre l'autre les surfaces traitées desdits éléments ; et, c) on presse lesdits éléments l'un vers l'autre pour pouvoir solidariser lesdits éléments l'un à l'autre par leur surface. A l'étape a) on génère des anfractuosités dans la surface dudit élément en matériau rigide homogène ; et en on provoque en outre le ramollissement dudit polymère thermoplastique, de manière à pouvoir faire pénétrer ledit polymère thermoplastique ramolli et les fibres de renfort à l'intérieur desdites anfractuosités lorsque l'on presse lesdits éléments à l'étape c).The invention relates to a method of joining a thermoplastic composite material element and an element of homogeneous rigid material, said thermoplastic composite material element comprising a thermoplastic polymer and reinforcing fibers embedded inside said thermoplastic polymer, said assembly method being of the type comprising the following steps: a) treating the surface of said elements; b) the treated surfaces of said elements are applied against each other; and, c) pressing said elements towards each other to be able to join said elements to one another by their surface. In step a), anfractuosities are generated in the surface of said element made of homogeneous rigid material; and further softening said thermoplastic polymer so as to allow said softened thermoplastic polymer and the reinforcing fibers to penetrate into said crevices when said elements are pressed in step c).

Description

Procédé de solidarisation d’un élément composite et d’un élément rigideMethod of joining a composite element and a rigid element

La présente invention se rapporte à un procédé de solidarisation de deux éléments de natures différentes.The present invention relates to a method of joining two elements of different natures.

Un domaine d'application envisagé est celui de la solidarisation d'un élément en matériau composite thermoplastique et d'un élément en matériau rigide homogène, par exemple en métal.One envisaged field of application is that of the joining of an element made of thermoplastic composite material and of an element made of homogeneous rigid material, for example metal.

Il est connu, dans l'industrie aéronautique notamment, de relier ensemble des éléments en matériau composite et des éléments métalliques. On y procède, soit par des éléments mécaniques rapportés, tels des rivets, soit par collage. Dans ce dernier cas, on prépare les surfaces des éléments à appliquer l'un contre l'autre puis on enduit d'un adhésif l'une et/ou l'autre des surfaces pour ensuite les appliquer l'une contre l'autre et les presser jusqu'à la polymérisation de l'adhésif lorsqu’il s'agit d'un adhésif réactif. De la sorte, les deux éléments sont solidaires l'un de l'autre par leur surface préparée.It is known in the aeronautical industry in particular, to connect together composite material elements and metal elements. It is carried out either by mechanical elements reported such as rivets or by gluing. In the latter case, the surfaces of the elements to be applied against each other are prepared, then one or both of the surfaces are coated with an adhesive and then applied against each other and squeeze them until the polymerization of the adhesive when it is a reactive adhesive. In this way, the two elements are secured to one another by their prepared surface.

Si le collage présente des avantages par rapport à l'assemblage par rivetage, notamment en termes de poids et d’encombrement, il est dans certains cas moins performant en termes de résistance mécanique et de durabilité de l’assemblage. Et ce d'autant plus, en l'espèce, que les deux éléments présentent des natures différentes.While bonding has advantages over riveting, particularly in terms of weight and bulk, it is in some cases less efficient in terms of mechanical strength and durability of the assembly. And all the more so, in this case, that the two elements have different natures.

Dans le domaine de l'industrie automobile on recherche également à alléger les structures et ainsi à substituer des pièces en matériau composite à des pièces métalliques. Toutefois, si les caractéristiques mécaniques des pièces en matériau composite peuvent être l'égale de celle des matériaux métalliques, ce n'est pas le cas de leur liaison qui présente généralement de plus faibles caractéristiques.In the field of the automotive industry, it is also sought to lighten the structures and thus to substitute composite material parts for metal parts. However, if the mechanical characteristics of composite material parts may be equal to that of metal materials, this is not the case of their connection which generally has lower characteristics.

Aussi, un problème qui se pose et que vise à résoudre la présente invention est de pouvoir relier et de solidariser de manière rigide un élément en matériau composite et un élément en matériau rigide homogène, sans que cette liaison ne puisse se dégrader dans le temps et en s'assurant que la résistance mécanique demeure continue en passant d'un élément à l'autre.Also, a problem that arises and that aims to solve the present invention is to be able to rigidly connect and rigidly a composite material element and a homogeneous rigid material element, without this connection can degrade in time and ensuring that the mechanical strength remains continuous when moving from one element to another.

Dans le but de résoudre ce problème, il est proposé un procédé de solidarisation d’un élément en matériau composite thermoplastique et d’un élément en matériau rigide homogène, ledit élément en matériau composite thermoplastique comprenant un polymère thermoplastique et des fibres de renfort noyées à l’intérieur dudit polymère thermoplastique, ledit procédé d’assemblage étant du type comprenant les étapes suivantes : a) on traite la surface desdits éléments ; b) on applique l’une contre l’autre les surfaces traitées desdits éléments ; et, c) on presse lesdits éléments l’un vers l’autre pour pouvoir solidariser lesdits éléments l’un à l’autre par leur surface. En outre, à l’étape a) on génère des anfractuosités dans la surface dudit élément en matériau rigide homogène ; et on provoque le ramollissement dudit polymère thermoplastique, de manière à pouvoir faire pénétrer ledit polymère thermoplastique ramolli et les fibres de renfort à l’intérieur desdites anfractuosités lorsque l’on presse lesdits éléments à l’étape c).In order to solve this problem, it is proposed a method of joining a thermoplastic composite material element and an element of homogeneous rigid material, said thermoplastic composite material element comprising a thermoplastic polymer and reinforcing fibers embedded in the interior of said thermoplastic polymer, said assembly method being of the type comprising the following steps: a) treating the surface of said elements; b) the treated surfaces of said elements are applied against each other; and, c) pressing said elements towards each other to be able to join said elements to one another by their surface. In addition, in step a) generates anfractuosities in the surface of said element made of homogeneous rigid material; and causing said thermoplastic polymer to soften so as to allow said softened thermoplastic polymer and reinforcing fibers to penetrate into said crevices when said elements are pressed in step c).

Ainsi, une caractéristique de l'invention réside dans le traitement de la surface de l'élément en matériau rigide homogène, dans laquelle on génère des anfractuosités et dans la mise en oeuvre du composite thermoplastique de manière à provoquer son amollissement de façon à pouvoir faire pénétrer le polymère tout autant que les fibres à l'intérieur des anfractuosités. De la sorte, lorsque le polymère thermoplastique retrouve sa dureté, les fibres et une partie du polymère sont encastrées à l'intérieur des anfractuosités du matériau rigide. Partant, la liaison entre les deux éléments est rendue plus rigide, par rapport aux assemblages collés selon l’art antérieur. De surcroît, la liaison présente une cohésion accrue par rapport aux liaisons obtenues par le seul collage, ainsi qu’une durabilité augmentée.Thus, a feature of the invention lies in the treatment of the surface of the element of homogeneous rigid material, in which anfractuosities are generated and in the implementation of the thermoplastic composite so as to cause its softening so as to be able to penetrate the polymer just as much as the fibers inside the crevices. In this way, when the thermoplastic polymer regains its hardness, the fibers and a part of the polymer are embedded inside the crevices of the rigid material. Therefore, the connection between the two elements is made more rigid, compared to the assemblies glued according to the prior art. In addition, the bond has an increased cohesion compared to the bonds obtained by the single bond, as well as increased durability.

Au surplus, générer des anfractuosités dans le matériau rigide, conduit à augmenter également sa surface spécifique et partant, à accroître la surface de contact que vient mouiller le polymère thermoplastique ramolli. Cela conduit à accroître les forces de liaison entre le matériau composite et le matériau rigide.In addition, generating anfractuosities in the rigid material leads to increase also its specific surface and therefore to increase the contact surface that wets the softened thermoplastic polymer. This leads to increasing the bonding forces between the composite material and the rigid material.

Aussi, le ramollissement du polymère thermoplastique peut être accompli en fournissant de l’énergie thermique à l’élément en matériau composite thermoplastique avant de l’appliquer contre la surface du matériau rigide homogène, ou également, durant l’étape de pressage des deux éléments. On peut fournir de l’énergie thermique, dans le premier cas au moyen d’un rayonnement. Dans le second cas, il est plus aisé de fournir cette énergie thermique par induction ou ultrason.Also, the softening of the thermoplastic polymer can be accomplished by supplying thermal energy to the thermoplastic composite material member prior to applying it against the surface of the homogeneous rigid material, or also during the pressing step of the two elements . Thermal energy can be supplied in the first case by means of radiation. In the second case, it is easier to provide this thermal energy by induction or ultrasound.

Selon un premier mode de mise en oeuvre, ledit élément en matériau rigide homogène est un élément métallique. Ainsi par exemple, il est aisé de venir substituer des éléments en matériau composite thermoplastique à des éléments métalliques eux-mêmes reliés à d'autres éléments métalliques. Pour ce faire, il convient de traiter lesdits autres éléments métalliques en générant des anfractuosités au niveau de leurs jonctions avec l’élément en matériau composite thermoplastique. Ainsi qu'on l'expliquera plus en détail dans la suite de la description, différents types de méthodes peuvent être mis en oeuvre pour réaliser ces anfractuosités. La frappe à froid ou à chaud, l’usinage mécanique ou par électroérosion, l'estampage ou encore la gravure chimique sont des moyens d'y parvenir.According to a first embodiment, said element of homogeneous rigid material is a metal element. For example, it is easy to substitute elements of thermoplastic composite material to metal elements themselves connected to other metal elements. To do this, it is necessary to treat said other metal elements by generating anfractuosities at their junctions with the thermoplastic composite material element. As will be explained in more detail in the following description, various types of methods can be implemented to achieve these anfractuosities. Cold or hot stamping, mechanical or electro-erosion machining, stamping or chemical etching are all ways to achieve this.

Selon un autre mode de mise en oeuvre, ledit élément en matériau rigide homogène est un élément en matériau polymère. En pareille circonstance, le matériau retenu présente de préférence un point de fusion élevé en comparaison de celui du polymère thermoplastique du matériau composite, ce qui lui permet de conserver ses caractéristiques mécaniques durant l'étape où on provoque ramollissement du polymère thermoplastique et durant l'étape de pressage. Le matériau polymère de l'élément en matériau rigide homogène n'est pas nécessairement un composé thermodurcissable, mais peut, par exemple, être un polymère du type polyétheréthercétone, ou PEEK, acronyme du nom anglais correspondant « polyether ether ketone >>.According to another embodiment, said element made of homogeneous rigid material is an element made of polymer material. In such circumstances, the retained material preferably has a high melting point in comparison with that of the thermoplastic polymer of the composite material, which allows it to retain its mechanical characteristics during the step where the thermoplastic polymer is caused to soften and during pressing step. The polymeric material of the element made of homogeneous rigid material is not necessarily a thermosetting compound, but may, for example, be a polymer of the polyetheretherketone type, or PEEK, which stands for the corresponding English name "polyether ether ketone".

Préférentiellement, on génère des anfractuosités dans la surface dudit élément en matériau rigide homogène de manière à former une pluralité de plots. Ainsi, le polymère thermoplastique amolli et les fibres qu’il imbibe sont forcés entre les plots de telle sorte que, après que le polymère a retrouvé sa dureté, ces fibres et ce polymère encastrés entre les plots constituent une liaison mécanique résistante.Preferably, anfractuosities are generated in the surface of said element of homogeneous rigid material so as to form a plurality of pads. Thus, the softened thermoplastic polymer and the fibers it soaks are forced between the pads so that, after the polymer has regained its hardness, these fibers and this polymer embedded between the pads constitute a strong mechanical connection.

Selon un mode de réalisation particulier, on génère des anfractuosités de manière à former une pluralité de plots présentant chacun une tête renflée. On entend par tête renflée, aussi bien une tête de plot proéminente par rapport au corps du plot lui-même, ou bien encore une tête formant crochet au sommet du plot. On comprend alors, que le polymère amolli et les fibres peuvent être forcés entre les plots et sous les têtes renflées et qu’alors, après durcissement du polymère, la liaison mécanique est un accrochage, plus encore résistant.According to a particular embodiment, anfractuosities are generated so as to form a plurality of studs each having a bulged head. The term "swollen head" means both a protruding stud head relative to the body of the stud itself, or a hook head at the top of the stud. It is then understood that the softened polymer and the fibers can be forced between the pads and under the swollen heads and that, after curing of the polymer, the mechanical connection is an attachment, more resistant.

Selon un mode préféré de mise en oeuvre, on génère des anfractuosités distribuées régulièrement dans la surface dudit élément en matériau rigide homogène. De la sorte, les forces de liaison entre les deux éléments sont uniformément réparties par unité de surface, des surfaces en contact.According to a preferred embodiment, anfractuosities distributed regularly in the surface of said element of homogeneous rigid material are generated. In this way, the bonding forces between the two elements are uniformly distributed per unit area, surfaces in contact.

Avantageusement, on ménage une pluralité de rainures croisées dans ladite surface pour générer lesdites anfractuosités. Ainsi, en réalisant deux séries de rainures, une première série de rainures parallèles et une seconde série de rainures perpendiculaires à la première, on fait alors apparaître les plots. Ils sont ainsi distribués de manière régulière.Advantageously, a plurality of crossed grooves is housed in said surface to generate said crevices. Thus, by producing two sets of grooves, a first series of parallel grooves and a second series of grooves perpendicular to the first, the pads are then shown. They are thus distributed on a regular basis.

Selon une variante de réalisation, toutes les rainures sont ménagées en V. Partant, lorsque l’on réalise deux séries de rainures croisées, et que les rainures sont suffisamment proches les unes des autres, on forme alors des plots de géométrie pyramidale.According to an alternative embodiment, all the grooves are V-shaped. Therefore, when two series of crossed grooves are produced, and the grooves are sufficiently close to one another, then pyramidal geometry pads are formed.

Selon une autre variante, les rainures sont ménagées en U. On peut alors obtenir des plots de géométrie cubique. Ainsi qu’on l’expliquera ci-après, il est possible à partir de cette géométrie cubique des plots, de venir ensuite traiter la surface afin de réaliser une tête renflée à ces plots, ou bien retirer de la matière à la base de ces plots pour dégager une tête renflée.According to another variant, the grooves are formed in U. It is then possible to obtain pads of cubic geometry. As will be explained below, it is possible from this cubic geometry of the pads, to come then treat the surface to make a swollen head to these pads, or remove the material at the base of these studs to clear a bulging head.

De plus, la génération d’anfractuosités vise à améliorer l’ancrage mécanique de l’élément en matériau composite thermoplastique sur l’élément en matériau rigide. Aussi, il également possible de réaliser au surplus un traitement de la surface visant à augmenter l’énergie de surface, par exemple en venant greffer des fonctions chimiques particulières. On peut notamment y procéder par dopage au moyen de technologies de type plasma.In addition, the generation of crevices aims to improve the mechanical anchoring of the thermoplastic composite material element on the element made of rigid material. Also, it is also possible to perform a surface treatment to increase the surface energy, for example by grafting specific chemical functions. This can be done by doping using plasma-type technologies.

Par ailleurs, et selon un mode de mise en oeuvre de l’invention particulièrement avantageux, on fournit de l’énergie audit élément en matériau rigide homogène pour provoquer le ramollissement dudit polymère thermoplastique. En effet, en fournissant de l’énergie thermique au matériau rigide homogène, celle-ci se dissipe par exemple dans les plots générés par les anfractuosités, et partant l’apport énergétique au polymère thermoplastique est localisé. Conséquemment, ce dernier se déforme localement sans amollir entièrement l’élément composite et ce sont les plots qui viennent alors s’enfoncer dans le polymère amolli à travers les fibres. D’autres particularités et avantages de l’invention ressortiront à la lecture de la description faite ci-après de modes de réalisation particuliers de l’invention, donnés à titre indicatif mais non limitatif, en référence aux dessins annexés sur lesquels : - la Figure 1 est une vue schématique agrandie en perspective de la surface d’un matériau rigide homogène traité selon l’invention et selon une première variante d’exécution ; - la Figure 2 est une vue agrandie en perspective de la surface d’un matériau rigide homogène traité selon l’invention et selon une deuxième variante d’exécution ; - la Figure 3 est une vue schématique en coupe droite de la surface du matériau selon la première variante d’exécution ; - la Figure 4 est une vue schématique en coupe droite de la surface du matériau rigide traité selon une troisième variante d’exécution ; - la Figure 5 est une vue schématique en coupe droite de la surface du matériau rigide traité selon une quatrième variante d’exécution : et, - la Figure 6 est un organigramme du procédé de solidarisation selon l’invention. L’objet de l’invention porte sur un procédé de solidarisation d’un élément en matériau composite thermoplastique et d’un élément en matériau rigide homogène. Le procédé est schématiquement représenté à travers l’organigramme illustré sur la Figure 6. Selon une première étape 10 du procédé, on fournit deux éléments à assembler, l’un fait d’un matériau composite thermoplastique, l’autre fait d’un matériau rigide homogène, par exemple un métal.Moreover, and according to a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, energy is supplied to said element made of homogeneous rigid material to cause softening of said thermoplastic polymer. Indeed, by providing thermal energy to the homogeneous rigid material, it dissipates for example in the pads generated by the crevices, and thus the energy supply to the thermoplastic polymer is localized. Consequently, the latter deforms locally without completely softening the composite element and it is the pads that then sink into the softened polymer through the fibers. Other features and advantages of the invention will appear on reading the following description of particular embodiments of the invention, given by way of indication but not limitation, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: FIG. 1 is an enlarged schematic view in perspective of the surface of a homogeneous rigid material treated according to the invention and according to a first variant embodiment; - Figure 2 is an enlarged perspective view of the surface of a homogeneous rigid material treated according to the invention and according to a second alternative embodiment; - Figure 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the surface of the material according to the first embodiment; - Figure 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the surface of the rigid material treated according to a third embodiment; - Figure 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the surface of the rigid material treated according to a fourth embodiment: and - Figure 6 is a flowchart of the joining method according to the invention. The object of the invention relates to a method of joining a thermoplastic composite material element and an element of homogeneous rigid material. The process is schematically represented through the flowchart illustrated in FIG. 6. In a first step of the process, two elements to be assembled are provided, one made of a thermoplastic composite material, the other made of a material homogeneous rigid, for example a metal.

Le composite thermoplastique est un matériau à matrice organique fait d’un polymère thermoplastique et lequel est renforcé par des fibres, par exemple des fibres de verre ou encore des fibres de carbone. Les fibres ont un diamètre compris par exemple entre 5 pm et 20 pm, avantageusement entre 5 pm et 10 pm. Quant au polymère thermoplastique, de par sa nature, il est rigide à température ambiante et il se ramollit lorsque sa température s’élève suffisamment. Le polyamide 6, par exemple, est un polymère thermoplastique dont le point de fusion est voisin de 220 °C, et qui peut être avantageusement mis en oeuvre dans le composite selon l’invention. Il redevient rigide en refroidissant.The thermoplastic composite is an organic matrix material made of a thermoplastic polymer and which is reinforced by fibers, for example glass fibers or carbon fibers. The fibers have a diameter of, for example, between 5 μm and 20 μm, advantageously between 5 μm and 10 μm. As for the thermoplastic polymer, by its nature, it is rigid at ambient temperature and it softens when its temperature rises sufficiently. Polyamide 6, for example, is a thermoplastic polymer whose melting point is close to 220 ° C., and which may advantageously be used in the composite according to the invention. It becomes rigid again while cooling.

Le matériau rigide homogène est par exemple un élément métallique. Il peut être réalisé en acier, en acier revêtu ou en acier inoxydable. Il peut également être fait d’aluminium ou encore de titane, ou de leurs alliages respectifs. Toutefois, on prévoit de mettre en oeuvre un élément en matériau polymère à haut point de fusion, comme matériau rigide homogène. Par exemple, un polymère du type polyétheréthercétone, peut avantageusement être mis en oeuvre car, il est non seulement rigide, mais aussi, son point de fusion est d’environ 200 °C supérieur à celui du polyamide 6 par exemple. Les matériaux de type polysulfone sont également des polymères à haut point de fusion adaptés.The homogeneous rigid material is for example a metal element. It can be made of steel, coated steel or stainless steel. It can also be made of aluminum or titanium, or their respective alloys. However, it is expected to implement a high-melting polymer material element as a homogeneous rigid material. For example, a polymer of the polyetheretherketone type can advantageously be used because it is not only rigid, but also its melting point is about 200 ° C. higher than that of polyamide 6 for example. Polysulfone-type materials are also suitable high-melting polymers.

Selon une deuxième étape 12 illustrée sur la Figure 6, on traite la surface de l’élément en matériau rigide homogène de manière à pouvoir y réaliser des anfractuosités. Ce type de traitement est autrement dénommé, texturation.According to a second step 12 illustrated in FIG. 6, the surface of the element of homogeneous rigid material is treated in such a way as to be able to make anfractuosities thereon. This type of treatment is otherwise referred to as texturing.

La Figure 1, illustre une portion de surface 14 d’un élément en matériau métallique, dans laquelle on a réalisé deux séries de rainures 16, 18 perpendiculaires formant des anfractuosités 15 et, faisant apparaître des plots 20 sensiblement cubiques et plus généralement parallélépipédiques. Les rainures de la première série 16 sont sensiblement parallèles et équidistantes tout comme les rainures de la seconde série 18.FIG. 1 illustrates a surface portion 14 of an element made of metallic material, in which two series of perpendicular grooves 16, 18 have been formed forming anfractuosities 15, and making out substantially cubic and more generally parallelepipedic studs 20. The grooves of the first series 16 are substantially parallel and equidistant as are the grooves of the second series 18.

Par exemple, tel que représenté en coupe droite sur la Figure 3, on réalise sur la portion de surface 14 des rainures en U d’une profondeur P comprise entre 100 pm et 500 pm. La largeur L des rainures est par exemple comprise entre 150 pm et 200 pm, tandis qu’elles sont espacées les unes des autres d’une distance D, par exemple de 500 pm. On observera que le diamètre des fibres du matériau composite, compris par exemple entre 5 pm et 10 pm, est très petit par rapport à la taille des anfractuosités 15.For example, as shown in cross-section in FIG. 3, U-grooves with a depth P of between 100 μm and 500 μm are produced on the surface portion 14. The width L of the grooves is for example between 150 μm and 200 μm, while they are spaced from each other by a distance D, for example 500 μm. It will be observed that the fiber diameter of the composite material, for example between 5 μm and 10 μm, is very small compared to the size of the crevices 15.

Ces rainures peuvent avantageusement être réalisées avec des techniques de type laser ou bien à froid, par estampage, poinçonnage, grainage ou bien encore guillochage. Des techniques de gravure chimique ou électrochimique sont également adaptées à la réalisation de telles rainures. Les techniques d’électroérosion sont également susceptibles d’être mises en œuvre afin d’obtenir des topographies plus complexe.These grooves can advantageously be made with laser type techniques or cold, by stamping, punching, graining or even guilloche. Chemical or electrochemical etching techniques are also suitable for producing such grooves. Electroerosion techniques are also likely to be implemented in order to obtain more complex topographies.

La Figure 2 illustre un autre mode de traitement d’une autre portion 22 de surface d’un élément en matériau métallique pour lequel deux autres séries de rainures croisées 24, 26 sont relativement larges et suffisamment rapprochées les unes des autres pour faire apparaître, non plus des plots mais des tiges 28. Aussi, la hauteur des tiges 28 peut par exemple être comprise entre 100 pm et 500 pm tandis qu’elles sont espacées les unes des autres d’une distance comprise entre 150 pm et 200 pm.FIG. 2 illustrates another mode of treatment of another surface portion 22 of a metal material element for which two other series of crossed grooves 24, 26 are relatively wide and sufficiently close to one another to show, not more rods but rods 28. Also, the height of the rods 28 may for example be between 100 pm and 500 pm while they are spaced from each other by a distance between 150 pm and 200 pm.

Selon encore un autre mode de traitement d’encore une autre portion de surface 30, telle que représentée sur la Figure 4, on réalise deux séries de rainures en V 32 contiguës, les deux séries de rainures étant perpendiculaires. De la sorte, on obtient des anfractuosités pyramidales 34 faisant apparaître des plots pyramidaux 36. Ces rainures croisées sont obtenues principalement par des méthodes de traitement à froid.According to yet another method of treating yet another surface portion 30, as shown in FIG. 4, two series of adjacent V-shaped grooves 32 are produced, the two series of grooves being perpendicular. In this way, we obtain pyramidal anfractuosities 34 showing pyramidal pads 36. These crossed grooves are obtained mainly by cold treatment methods.

Leur profondeur peut également être comprise entre 100 pm et 500 pm, tandis que le sommet des plots pyramidaux 36 sont espacés les uns des autres d’une distance comprise entre 150 pm et 700 pm.Their depth may also be between 100 μm and 500 μm, while the apex of the pyramidal pads 36 are spaced from each other by a distance of between 150 μm and 700 μm.

Selon un dernier mode de traitement d’une dernière portion de surface 38, représentée sur la Figure 5, on réalise des anfractuosités de manière à former des plots à tête renflée 40 et plus précisément des plots présentant une tête en forme de crochet. Des traitements mécaniques à froid de la dernière portion de surface 38 permettent d’obtenir de tels plots 40. Leur hauteur est par exemple voisine de 500 pm, tandis qu’ils sont espacés d’une distance comprise par exemple entre 400 pm et 600 pm.According to a last mode of treatment of a last portion of surface 38, shown in FIG. 5, anfractuosities are produced so as to form bulged-head studs 40 and more precisely studs having a hook-shaped head. Mechanical cold treatments of the last surface portion 38 make it possible to obtain such pads 40. For example, their height is close to 500 μm, while they are spaced apart by a distance of, for example, between 400 μm and 600 μm. .

On se reportera de nouveau à la Figure 6, afin de décrire plus en détail le procédé de solidarisation des deux éléments selon l’invention. Ainsi, après le traitement de la surface de l’élément en matériau rigide homogène selon l’étape 12, deux variantes de réalisation peuvent être mises en œuvre.Referring again to Figure 6, to describe in more detail the method of joining the two elements of the invention. Thus, after the treatment of the surface of the element of homogeneous rigid material according to step 12, two embodiments can be implemented.

Selon une première variante, et conformément à une première première sous-étape 40, on fournit de l’énergie thermique à une portion de surface de l’élément en matériau composite thermoplastique, par exemple par rayonnement infrarouge. La quantité d’énergie thermique fournie doit être suffisante pour provoquer le ramollissement du polymère thermoplastique. Ensuite, dans une seconde première sous-étape 42, on presse l’une contre l’autre, la surface de l’élément en matériau rigide homogène présentant des anfractuosités et la portion de surface de l’élément en matériau composite ramolli. On les presse ensemble avec des efforts déterminés de manière à entraîner le polymère thermoplastique ramolli et les fibres du matériau composite à l’intérieur des anfractuosités. On observera que l’effort de pressage tient compte de la viscosité du polymère thermoplastique ramolli.According to a first variant, and according to a first first substep 40, thermal energy is supplied to a surface portion of the thermoplastic composite material element, for example by infrared radiation. The amount of heat energy supplied must be sufficient to cause the softening of the thermoplastic polymer. Then, in a second first substep 42, pressing against each other, the surface of the element of homogeneous rigid material having anfractuosities and the surface portion of the softened composite material element. They are pressed together with efforts determined so as to cause the softened thermoplastic polymer and the fibers of the composite material within the crevices. It will be observed that the pressing force takes into account the viscosity of the softened thermoplastic polymer.

Après que les deux éléments ont été pressés l’un contre l’autre et maintenus en position fixe l’un par rapport à l’autre, on refroidit les deux éléments assemblés dans une étape 44 de refroidissement de manière à ce que le polymère thermoplastique redevienne rigide. On obtient de la sorte dans une ultime étape 46, les deux éléments solidaires l’un de l’autre.After the two elements have been pressed against each other and held in a fixed position relative to each other, the two assembled elements are cooled in a cooling step 44 so that the thermoplastic polymer become rigid again. In this way, in a final step 46, the two elements are secured to one another.

De la sorte, les fibres de l’élément en matériau composite qui s’étendent à l’intérieur dudit élément, viennent se prolonger à l’intérieur des anfractuosités de l’élément en matériau rigide et y sont rendues prisonnières par coincement à l’intérieur des anfractuosités par l’intermédiaire du polymère thermoplastique refroidi. Partant, bien que de nature différente, les deux éléments sont solidaires l’un de l’autre et forment ensemble une seule pièce, sans discontinuité de résistance mécanique.In this way, the fibers of the composite material element which extend inside said element, extend inside the crevices of the element made of rigid material and are trapped there by wedging at the interior of the crevices through the cooled thermoplastic polymer. Therefore, although different in nature, the two elements are integral with each other and together form a single piece, without discontinuity of mechanical strength.

Selon une seconde variante, et conformément à une première seconde sous-étape 48, on vient tout d’abord presser, l’une contre l’autre, une portion de surface de l’élément en matériau rigide homogène présentant des anfractuosités et une portion de surface de l’élément en matériau composite. Ensuite, selon une deuxième seconde sous-étape 50, on fournit de l’énergie thermique à l’élément en matériau rigide homogène présentant les anfractuosités, par exemple par ultrason ou encore par induction. On observera que l’apport d’énergie thermique par induction pourrait convenir pour un matériau rigide homogène de type polymère, s’il était par exemple chargé de fibres de carbone.According to a second variant, and in accordance with a first second substep 48, a surface portion of the element made of homogeneous rigid material having crevices and a portion is firstly pressed against one another. surface of the composite material element. Then, according to a second second sub-step 50, thermal energy is provided to the element of homogeneous rigid material having the anfractuosities, for example by ultrasound or by induction. It will be observed that the supply of thermal energy by induction could be suitable for a homogeneous rigid polymer-type material, if it were for example loaded with carbon fibers.

De la sorte, l’énergie thermique se dissipe par conduction par l’intermédiaire des plots du matériau rigide résultant de la formation des anfractuosités. Ainsi, les plots constituent des directeurs d’énergie permettant de focaliser l’énergie thermique directement sur la portion de surface de l’élément composite qui va alors pouvoir se ramollir. Conséquemment, grâce au pressage, à mesure que le polymère thermoplastique se ramollit, il s’insère avec les fibres à l’intérieur des anfractuosités de l’élément en matériau rigide. En outre, on obtient également un contact plus intime avec les plots de l’élément en matériau rigide et partant, une meilleure adhérence du polymère thermoplastique et du métal.In this way, the thermal energy is dissipated by conduction via the pads of the rigid material resulting from the formation of crevices. Thus, the pads are energy directors for focusing the thermal energy directly on the surface portion of the composite element which will then be able to soften. Consequently, thanks to the pressing, as the thermoplastic polymer softens, it is inserted with the fibers inside the crevices of the element made of rigid material. In addition, it also provides a closer contact with the pads of the rigid material member and hence a better adhesion of the thermoplastic polymer and the metal.

Au surplus, une faible partie de polymère thermoplastique du matériau composite est ramollie, de sorte que l’élément composite conserve sa forme durant l’opération de pressage qui est par là-même plus efficace.In addition, a small portion of thermoplastic polymer composite material is softened, so that the composite element retains its shape during the pressing operation which is thereby more effective.

Après que les deux éléments ont été pressés et chauffés pour être maintenus l’un contre l’autre en position, tout comme la première variante, on refroidit les deux éléments assemblés dans l’étape 44 de refroidissement de manière à ce que le polymère thermoplastique redevienne rigide. On obtient de la même façon, dans une ultime étape 46, les deux éléments solidaires l’un de l’autre. S’agissant du traitement de l’élément en matériau rigide homogène, les différentes topographies illustrées sur les Figures 1 à 5, présentent toutes, une surface spécifique augmentée par rapport à la surface non traitée. En soi, cette surface spécifique permet d’offrir une surface de contact supérieur avec le polymère thermoplastique de l’élément composite.After the two elements have been pressed and heated to be held against each other in position, just like the first variant, the two elements assembled in the cooling step 44 are cooled so that the thermoplastic polymer become rigid again. In the same way, in a final step 46, the two elements integral with one another are obtained. With regard to the treatment of the element of homogeneous rigid material, the various topographies illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 5 all have a specific surface area increased with respect to the untreated surface. In itself, this specific surface makes it possible to offer a greater contact surface with the thermoplastic polymer of the composite element.

Cependant, le polymère thermoplastique présente des propriétés adhésives plus ou moins grandes selon les types de polymère. Partant, lorsque le polymère est moins adhésif, on met en oeuvre, de manière préférentielle, un élément présentant des plots 40 tels que représentés sur la Figure 5, lesquels présentent des têtes renflées. En pareille circonstance, on comprend que les fibres de renfort du matériau composite viendront s’entrelacer entre les plots formant crochets. De la sorte, l’adhésion du polymère pourra être renforcée par un meilleur accrochage des fibres maintenues continues. Partant, on obtiendra, malgré la faible adhésion du polymère sur une surface métallique, une force de liaison élevée entre les deux éléments.However, the thermoplastic polymer has more or less large adhesive properties depending on the types of polymer. Therefore, when the polymer is less adhesive, it implements, preferably, an element having pads 40 as shown in Figure 5, which have swollen heads. In such circumstances, it is understood that the reinforcing fibers of the composite material will be intertwined between the hook-forming studs. In this way, the adhesion of the polymer may be enhanced by a better adhesion of the fibers kept continuous. Therefore, despite the low adhesion of the polymer to a metal surface, a high bond strength will be obtained between the two elements.

Lorsque le polymère thermoplastique du matériau composite est par nature fortement adhérent, il est possible de générer des anfractuosités de type pyramidal comme illustrée sur la Figure 4, plus aisées à réaliser que les précédentes, pour pouvoir associer l’élément composite et l’élément métallique avec une bonne adhérence.When the thermoplastic polymer of the composite material is by nature strongly adherent, it is possible to generate pyramidal type fractures as illustrated in FIG. 4, easier to achieve than the previous ones, in order to be able to associate the composite element and the metallic element. with good adhesion.

Quant au type d’anfractuosités réalisées selon les Figures 1 à 3, grâce a des rainures croisées en U, elles permettent d’associer à l’élément rigide, un matériau composite ou le polymère thermoplastique ne nécessite pas d’être ramolli jusqu’à la température de transition vitreuse. En effet, moyennant un faible apport d’énergie thermique, et un effort de pressage important, la géométrie des anfractuosités permet d’engager à force les fibres et le polymère thermoplastique à l’intérieur.As for the type of anfractuosities made according to Figures 1 to 3, thanks to cross grooves in U, they allow to associate with the rigid element, a composite material where the thermoplastic polymer does not need to be softened until the glass transition temperature. Indeed, with a low input of thermal energy, and a large pressing force, the geometry of the crevices allows to force the fibers and the thermoplastic polymer inside.

Claims (10)

REVENDICATIONS 1. Procédé de solidarisation d’un élément en matériau composite thermoplastique et d’un élément en matériau rigide homogène, ledit élément en matériau composite thermoplastique comprenant un polymère thermoplastique et des fibres de renfort noyées à l’intérieur dudit polymère thermoplastique, ledit procédé d’assemblage étant du type comprenant les étapes suivantes : - a) on traite la surface desdits éléments ; - b) on applique l’une contre l’autre les surfaces traitées desdits éléments ; et, - c) on presse lesdits éléments l’un vers l’autre pour pouvoir solidariser lesdits éléments l’un à l’autre par leur surface ; caractérisé en ce qu’à l’étape a) on génère des anfractuosités dans la surface dudit élément en matériau rigide homogène ; et en ce qu’on provoque en outre le ramollissement dudit polymère thermoplastique, de manière à pouvoir faire pénétrer ledit polymère thermoplastique ramolli et les fibres de renfort à l’intérieur desdites anfractuosités lorsque l’on presse lesdits éléments à l’étape c).1. A method of joining a thermoplastic composite material element and an element made of a homogeneous rigid material, said thermoplastic composite material element comprising a thermoplastic polymer and reinforcing fibers embedded inside said thermoplastic polymer, said method of assembly being of the type comprising the following steps: a) treating the surface of said elements; b) the treated surfaces of said elements are applied against each other; and c) pressing said elements towards each other so as to be able to join said elements to one another by their surface; characterized in that in step a) generates anfractuosities in the surface of said element of homogeneous rigid material; and in that said thermoplastic polymer is further softened so that said softened thermoplastic polymer and the reinforcing fibers can penetrate into said crevices when said elements are pressed in step c). 2. Procédé de solidarisation selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que ledit élément en matériau rigide homogène est un élément métallique.2. Method of joining according to claim 1, characterized in that said element of homogeneous rigid material is a metal element. 3. Procédé de solidarisation selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que ledit élément en matériau rigide homogène est un élément en matériau polymère.3. The method of joining according to claim 1, characterized in that said element of homogeneous rigid material is an element made of polymeric material. 4. Procédé de solidarisation selon l’une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce qu’on génère des anfractuosités dans la surface dudit élément en matériau rigide homogène de manière à former une pluralité de plots.4. A method of joining according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that generates anfractuosities in the surface of said element of homogeneous rigid material so as to form a plurality of pads. 5. Procédé de solidarisation selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce qu’on génère des anfractuosités de manière à former une pluralité de plots présentant chacun une tête renflée.5. Method of joining according to claim 4, characterized in that generates anfractuosités so as to form a plurality of studs each having a swollen head. 6. Procédé de solidarisation selon l’une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce qu’on génère des anfractuosités distribuées régulièrement dans la surface dudit élément en matériau rigide homogène.6. Method of joining according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that generates anfractuosities regularly distributed in the surface of said element of homogeneous rigid material. 7. Procédé de solidarisation selon l’une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce qu’on ménage une pluralité de rainures croisées dans ladite surface pour générer lesdites anfractuosités.7. Method of joining according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that a plurality of cross grooves in said surface to generate said anfractuosities. 8. Procédé de solidarisation selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce qu’on ménage lesdites rainures en V.8. A method of joining according to claim 7, characterized in that household said grooves in V. 9. Procédé de solidarisation selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce qu’on ménage lesdites rainures en U.9. The method of joining according to claim 7, characterized in that said U grooves are cleaned. 10. Procédé de solidarisation selon l’une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce qu’on fournit de l’énergie audit élément en matériau rigide homogène pour provoquer le ramollissement dudit polymère thermoplastique.10. A method of joining according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that provides energy to said element of homogeneous rigid material to cause the softening of said thermoplastic polymer.
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