FR3013166A1 - DEVICE AND METHOD FOR RECHARGING AN ELECTRIC ENERGY STORER OF A MOTOR VEHICLE - Google Patents

DEVICE AND METHOD FOR RECHARGING AN ELECTRIC ENERGY STORER OF A MOTOR VEHICLE Download PDF

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Publication number
FR3013166A1
FR3013166A1 FR1361016A FR1361016A FR3013166A1 FR 3013166 A1 FR3013166 A1 FR 3013166A1 FR 1361016 A FR1361016 A FR 1361016A FR 1361016 A FR1361016 A FR 1361016A FR 3013166 A1 FR3013166 A1 FR 3013166A1
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Prior art keywords
voltage
vehicle
converter
electrical
connection
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Granted
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FR1361016A
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French (fr)
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FR3013166B1 (en
Inventor
Emmanuel Boudard
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Stellantis Auto Sas Fr
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Peugeot Citroen Automobiles SA
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Priority to FR1361016A priority Critical patent/FR3013166B1/en
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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/02Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/04Cutting off the power supply under fault conditions
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/003Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to inverters
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/0069Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to the isolation, e.g. ground fault or leak current
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/51Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells characterised by AC-motors
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/66Arrangements of batteries
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/11DC charging controlled by the charging station, e.g. mode 4
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/14Conductive energy transfer
    • B60L53/16Connectors, e.g. plugs or sockets, specially adapted for charging electric vehicles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/14Conductive energy transfer
    • B60L53/18Cables specially adapted for charging electric vehicles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/20Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having different nominal voltages
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J5/00Circuit arrangements for transfer of electric power between ac networks and dc networks
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00Converter types
    • B60L2210/30AC to DC converters
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/10Vehicle control parameters
    • B60L2240/36Temperature of vehicle components or parts
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/52Drive Train control parameters related to converters
    • B60L2240/527Voltage
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72Electric energy management in electromobility
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14Plug-in electric vehicles

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

Ce dispositif de recharge d'un véhicule automobile comporte un moyen (208) de connexion électrique, interface utilisateur pour le raccordement à un réseau de distribution électrique extérieur au véhicule. Le dispositif comporte aussi un premier stockeur d'énergie électrique (200) présentant à ses bornes une tension maximale supérieure à 50 V et un premier convertisseur (206) de tension pour transférer de l'énergie entre ce moyen (208) de connexion et le premier stockeur (200). La tension (u1) aux bornes du moyen (208) de connexion a une valeur maximale strictement inférieure à 50 V.This charging device of a motor vehicle comprises means (208) for electrical connection, user interface for connection to an electrical distribution network outside the vehicle. The device also comprises a first electrical energy store (200) having at its terminals a maximum voltage greater than 50 V and a first voltage converter (206) for transferring energy between the connection means (208) and the first storer (200). The voltage (u1) across the connection means (208) has a maximum value strictly less than 50 V.

Description

DISPOSITIF ET PROCEDE DE RECHARGE D'UN STOCKEUR D'ENERGIE ELECTRIQUE D'UN VEHICULE AUTOMOBILE La présente invention se rapporte à un dispositif et à un procédé de recharge d'un stockeur d'énergie électrique d'un véhicule automobile, ainsi qu'à un véhicule automobile muni d'un tel dispositif. L'invention appartient au domaine des véhicules dits « plug-in », tels que les véhicules électriques ou hybrides rechargeables. On appelle véhicule « plug-in » un véhicule comportant au moins un stockeur d'énergie électrique, aussi appelé batterie dans la suite du document, pouvant être rechargé via un raccordement à un réseau de distribution d'électricité extérieur à ce véhicule. Ce réseau de distribution est par exemple un réseau électrique domestique fournissant un courant alternatif sous une tension électrique de 110 V ou de 230 V.The present invention relates to a device and to a method for recharging an electric energy storage device of a motor vehicle, as well as to a device and a method for recharging an electric energy storage device of a motor vehicle, as well as to a device for charging an electric energy storage device to a motor vehicle. a motor vehicle equipped with such a device. The invention belongs to the field of so-called plug-in vehicles, such as electric vehicles or plug-in hybrids. A "plug-in" vehicle is a vehicle comprising at least one electric energy storage unit, also called battery in the remainder of the document, which can be recharged via a connection to a power distribution network outside the vehicle. This distribution network is for example a domestic electrical network providing an alternating current under a voltage of 110 V or 230 V.

Habituellement, une batterie comporte des cellules électrochimiques comprenant tous types de technologies, ou encore des condensateurs (ou capacités électriques). Ces cellules ou condensateurs sont regroupés en un ou plusieurs modules et sont connectés entre eux en série ou en parallèle. Les véhicules plug-in comportent généralement deux batteries : une batterie de servitude et une batterie de traction. La batterie de servitude permet l'alimentation des organes du véhicule consommateurs d'électricité de faible puissance, généralement de l'ordre de quelques centaines de watts. Elle délivre un courant continu et la tension à ses bornes est relativement basse, usuellement 12 V.Usually, a battery comprises electrochemical cells comprising all types of technologies, or even capacitors (or electrical capacitors). These cells or capacitors are grouped into one or more modules and are connected together in series or in parallel. Plug-in vehicles usually have two batteries: a service battery and a traction battery. The service battery allows the power supply of the organs of the low-power electricity-consuming vehicle, generally of the order of a few hundred watts. It delivers a direct current and the voltage at its terminals is relatively low, usually 12 V.

La batterie de traction permet d'alimenter une machine électrique pour entraîner des roues motrices du véhicule. Cette batterie délivre un courant continu sous une tension plus élevée, généralement comprise entre 36 et 400 V. On connaît du document FR-A-2 963 997 un dispositif pour la recharge d'un véhicule sur un réseau de distribution électrique. La figure 1 illustre un tel dispositif, connu de l'art antérieur, pour la recharge d'un véhicule plug-in. Un réseau de distribution électrique, extérieur au véhicule, comporte une prise électrique 116. Par prise électrique, on entend un connecteur mâle 35 ou femelle permettant de raccorder un ou plusieurs appareils consommateurs de courant électrique à une source de tension électrique.The traction battery is used to power an electric machine to drive the driving wheels of the vehicle. This battery delivers a direct current at a higher voltage, generally between 36 and 400 V. Document FR-A-2 963 997 discloses a device for recharging a vehicle on an electrical distribution network. FIG. 1 illustrates such a device, known from the prior art, for charging a plug-in vehicle. An electrical distribution network, outside the vehicle, has an electrical outlet 116. Electrical outlet means a male or female connector 35 for connecting one or more devices consuming electrical power to a voltage source.

La prise électrique 116 peut être raccordée à une prise électrique 108 du véhicule au moyen d'un câble de recharge 110. Le câble de recharge 110 est muni à ses extrémités de prises électriques 112 et 114. Le véhicule comporte en outre un premier stockeur d'énergie électrique 100, appelé batterie de traction, et un second stockeur d'énergie électrique 102, appelé batterie de servitude. Un premier convertisseur de tension 106 est relié électriquement à la batterie de traction 100 et à la batterie de servitude 102. Il permet d'adapter la tension et d'échanger de l'énergie électrique entre la batterie de traction 100 et la batterie de servitude 102. Un second convertisseur de tension 104 est connecté à la prise 108 pour adapter la tension et échanger de l'énergie électrique entre cette prise 108 et la batterie de traction 100. Ce dispositif de recharge nécessite que l'utilisateur du véhicule manipule un câble de recharge 110 délivrant un courant alternatif sous une tension électrique supérieure à 50 V, ce qui peut présenter un danger d'électrisation grave pour l'utilisateur du véhicule. L'invention a pour but de remédier aux inconvénients précités de l'art antérieur.The electrical outlet 116 may be connected to an electrical outlet 108 of the vehicle by means of a charging cable 110. The charging cable 110 is provided at its ends with electrical outlets 112 and 114. The vehicle further comprises a first storage container. 100 electrical energy, called traction battery, and a second electrical energy storage 102, called servitude battery. A first voltage converter 106 is electrically connected to the traction battery 100 and the service battery 102. It makes it possible to adapt the voltage and exchange electrical energy between the traction battery 100 and the service battery. 102. A second voltage converter 104 is connected to the socket 108 to adapt the voltage and exchange electrical energy between this socket 108 and the traction battery 100. This charging device requires the vehicle user to handle a cable charging circuit 110 delivering an alternating current under a voltage greater than 50 V, which can present a serious electrification hazard for the user of the vehicle. The invention aims to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks of the prior art.

Dans ce but, la présente invention propose un dispositif de recharge d'un véhicule automobile, ce dispositif comportant : - un moyen de connexion électrique, interface utilisateur pour le raccordement à un réseau de distribution électrique extérieur au véhicule ; - un premier stockeur d'énergie électrique présentant à ses bornes une tension maximale supérieure à 50 V ; - un premier convertisseur de tension adapté à transférer de l'énergie entre le moyen de connexion et le premier stockeur ; ce dispositif étant remarquable en ce que le moyen de connexion présente à ses bornes une tension dont la valeur maximale est strictement inférieure à 50 V. Ainsi, l'invention permet à l'utilisateur de recharger un premier stockeur d'énergie électrique en raccordant le véhicule à un réseau électrique de distribution au moyen d'une prise dont la tension ne présente pas de danger d'électrisation grave pour cet utilisateur.For this purpose, the present invention proposes a charging device for a motor vehicle, this device comprising: - electrical connection means, user interface for connection to an electrical distribution network outside the vehicle; - a first electrical energy store having at its terminals a maximum voltage greater than 50 V; a first voltage converter adapted to transfer energy between the connection means and the first storer; this device being remarkable in that the connection means has at its terminals a voltage whose maximum value is strictly less than 50 V. Thus, the invention allows the user to recharge a first storage of electrical energy by connecting the vehicle to an electrical distribution network by means of a socket whose voltage does not present a danger of severe electrification for that user.

Selon une caractéristique particulière, le dispositif comporte en outre un second stockeur d'énergie électrique, la tension aux bornes du second 3013 166 3 stockeur étant, lors de la recharge du véhicule, égale à la tension aux bornes du moyen de connexion mentionné plus haut. L'invention permet ainsi de recharger, sans danger d'électrisation grave pour l'utilisateur du véhicule, un second stockeur d'énergie électrique. 5 Selon une caractéristique particulière, le dispositif comporte en outre un second convertisseur de tension extérieur au véhicule, pour transférer de l'énergie au moyen de connexion. L'invention permet ainsi d'adapter la tension du réseau électrique à celle plus basse, ne présentant pas de danger d'électrisation grave, du 10 moyen de connexion du véhicule. Selon une caractéristique particulière, le second convertisseur comporte un moyen de protection adapté à limiter la tension aux bornes du moyen de connexion à une valeur inférieure à 16 V. Selon une caractéristique particulière, la tension appliquée par le 15 second convertisseur aux bornes du moyen de connexion est comprise entre 9V et 15 V. Selon une caractéristique particulière, le second convertisseur est adapté à appliquer un courant continu aux bornes du moyen de connexion mentionné plus haut. 20 Selon une caractéristique particulière, le premier convertisseur présente une puissance nominale inférieure à 150 W.L'invention a également pour objet un procédé de recharge d'un véhicule automobile, ce procédé étant remarquable en ce qu'il comporte des étapes adaptées à mettre en oeuvre un dispositif tel que brièvement décrit plus haut. 25 Les avantages du procédé sont similaires à ceux du dispositif et ne sont pas rappelés ici. Dans le même but, l'invention a aussi pour objet un véhicule automobile comportant un dispositif de recharge tel que brièvement décrit plus haut. 30 L'invention sera mieux comprise et d'autres aspects et avantages apparaîtront plus clairement à la lecture de la description qui suit d'un mode particulier de réalisation, donné à titre d'exemple nullement limitatif et en référence aux dessins qui l'accompagnent, dans lesquels : - la figure 1, déjà décrite, est un schéma d'un dispositif de recharge 35 d'un véhicule conforme à l'art antérieur ; - la figure 2 est un schéma d'un dispositif de recharge d'un véhicule conforme à l'invention.According to a particular characteristic, the device further comprises a second storer of electrical energy, the voltage at the terminals of the second storer being, when recharging the vehicle, equal to the voltage across the connection means mentioned above. . The invention thus reloads, without danger of serious electrification for the user of the vehicle, a second storer of electrical energy. According to a particular characteristic, the device further comprises a second voltage converter outside the vehicle, for transferring energy to the connection means. The invention thus makes it possible to adapt the voltage of the electrical network to that lower, which does not present any danger of severe electrification, of the means of connection of the vehicle. According to a particular characteristic, the second converter comprises a protection means adapted to limit the voltage across the connection means to a value of less than 16 V. According to one particular characteristic, the voltage applied by the second converter to the terminals of the Connection is between 9V and 15V. According to a particular characteristic, the second converter is adapted to apply a direct current across the connection means mentioned above. According to a particular characteristic, the first converter has a nominal power of less than 150 W. The invention also relates to a method of recharging a motor vehicle, this method being remarkable in that it comprises steps adapted to implement a device as briefly described above. The advantages of the process are similar to those of the device and are not repeated here. For the same purpose, the invention also relates to a motor vehicle comprising a charging device as briefly described above. The invention will be better understood and other aspects and advantages will appear more clearly on reading the following description of a particular embodiment, given by way of non-limiting example and with reference to the accompanying drawings. , in which: - Figure 1, already described, is a diagram of a charging device 35 of a vehicle according to the prior art; - Figure 2 is a diagram of a vehicle charging device according to the invention.

La figure 2 illustre un dispositif de recharge d'un véhicule automobile comportant une prise de recharge 208 et un premier stockeur d'énergie électrique 200, dit batterie de traction. La prise de recharge 208 permet de connecter le véhicule à un réseau de distribution électrique extérieur au véhicule. La batterie de traction 200 permet d'alimenter une machine électrique (non représentée) par l'intermédiaire d'un onduleur (non représenté) pour entraîner des roues motrices (non représentées) du véhicule. Cette batterie de traction 200, par exemple de technologie lithium-ion, délivre un courant continu. La tension aux bornes de la batterie de traction 200 est supérieure à 36 V, généralement inférieure à 400 V et est par exemple comprise dans une plage de fonctionnement de 180 à 260 V. Conformément à l'invention, la tension maximale de la batterie de traction 200 est supérieure à 50 V.FIG. 2 illustrates a charging device for a motor vehicle comprising a charging plug 208 and a first electrical energy storage device 200, called a traction battery. The charging plug 208 makes it possible to connect the vehicle to an electrical distribution network outside the vehicle. The traction battery 200 is used to power an electric machine (not shown) via an inverter (not shown) to drive driving wheels (not shown) of the vehicle. This traction battery 200, for example of lithium-ion technology, delivers a direct current. The voltage at the terminals of the traction battery 200 is greater than 36 V, generally less than 400 V and is for example included in an operating range of 180 to 260 V. According to the invention, the maximum voltage of the battery of traction 200 is greater than 50 V.

Un second stockeur d'énergie électrique 202, dit batterie de servitude, est installé dans le véhicule pour l'alimentation d'organes électriques du véhicule consommant une faible puissance. Par exemple, la batterie de servitude 202 est de type L3 / 76 A.h (Ampère.heure). Le niveau d'énergie dans la batterie de servitude 202 peut être surveillé par un estimateur de charge (non illustré). La tension aux bornes de la batterie de servitude 202 varie selon les conditions de roulage du véhicule et est généralement comprise entre 6 et 16 V. Elle est par exemple égale à 12,3 V lorsque la batterie 202 n'est pas sollicitée et est généralement égale à 14,4 V lorsque le véhicule se déplace.A second electrical energy store 202, called service battery, is installed in the vehicle for the supply of electrical components of the vehicle consuming a low power. For example, the service battery 202 is of type L3 / 76 A.h (Ampere.hour). The energy level in the service battery 202 can be monitored by a load estimator (not shown). The voltage across the service battery 202 varies according to the driving conditions of the vehicle and is generally between 6 and 16 V. It is for example equal to 12.3 V when the battery 202 is not requested and is generally 14.4 V when the vehicle is moving.

Avantageusement, la tension aux bornes de la batterie de servitude 202 est limitée à une valeur maximale de 16 V pour éviter d'endommager les composants électriques des organes alimentés par cette batterie. Par ailleurs, une tension supérieure à 16 V présenterait un risque d'endommagement et d'accélération du vieillissement de cette batterie 202.Advantageously, the voltage across the service battery 202 is limited to a maximum value of 16 V to avoid damaging the electrical components of the organs powered by this battery. Moreover, a voltage greater than 16 V would present a risk of damaging and accelerating the aging of this battery 202.

Un premier convertisseur de tension 206 est installé dans le véhicule pour relier électriquement la batterie de servitude 202 et la batterie de traction 200. Le premier convertisseur 206 permet de transférer de l'énergie entre la batterie de servitude 202 et la batterie de traction 200 et d'adapter la tension entre ces deux batteries.A first voltage converter 206 is installed in the vehicle to electrically connect the service battery 202 and the traction battery 200. The first converter 206 transfers energy between the service battery 202 and the traction battery 200 and to adjust the voltage between these two batteries.

La prise 208 est liée électriquement à la batterie de servitude 202 au moyen d'un câble électrique. La tension aux bornes de la prise 208 est donc égale, lors de la recharge, à la tension aux bornes de la batterie de servitude 202, aux pertes électriques en ligne près dans ce câble. Ainsi, le premier convertisseur 206 permet de transférer de l'énergie entre la prise de recharge 208 et la batterie de traction 200.The receptacle 208 is electrically connected to the service battery 202 by means of an electric cable. The voltage at the terminals of the plug 208 is therefore equal, during charging, to the voltage at the terminals of the service battery 202, to the electrical losses in the near line in this cable. Thus, the first converter 206 transfers energy between the charging plug 208 and the traction battery 200.

La batterie de traction 200 et le premier convertisseur 206 peuvent comporter chacun un calculateur électronique de contrôle. Par exemple, le calculateur de contrôle du premier convertisseur 206 surveille la tension et/ou le courant aux bornes de ce convertisseur et le calculateur de contrôle de la batterie de traction 200 surveille la tension et/ou le courant aux bornes de cette batterie. Le réseau de distribution électrique, extérieur au véhicule, comporte une prise de raccordement 216. Ce réseau de distribution est par exemple un réseau domestique délivrant un courant alternatif de 16 A (Ampère) au maximum, sous une tension de 110 V ou de 230 V.The traction battery 200 and the first converter 206 may each comprise an electronic control computer. For example, the control computer of the first converter 206 monitors the voltage and / or the current at the terminals of this converter and the control computer of the traction battery 200 monitors the voltage and / or the current at the terminals of this battery. The electrical distribution network, outside the vehicle, comprises a connection socket 216. This distribution network is for example a domestic network delivering an alternating current of 16 A (Ampere) at maximum, under a voltage of 110 V or 230 V .

La prise 216 peut être raccordée à la prise de recharge 208, interface utilisateur pour le raccordement du véhicule au réseau de distribution électrique, au moyen d'un câble de recharge 210. Le câble de recharge 210 est muni d'un second convertisseur 204 de tension extérieur au véhicule. Le second convertisseur 204 de tension comporte à ses extrémités des prises électriques 212 et 214. Le second convertisseur 204 de tension permet de transférer de l'énergie entre la prise 216 du réseau de distribution et la prise de recharge 208. Pour la recharge de la batterie de traction 200 et de la batterie de servitude 202, le câble de recharge 210 est connecté à la prise 216 du réseau de distribution électrique et à la prise 208 du véhicule. Le second convertisseur 204 peut comporter un moyen de protection, logiciel et/ou matériel, pour limiter la tension à une valeur inférieure à 16 V aux bornes de la prise 208.The plug 216 may be connected to the charging plug 208, a user interface for connecting the vehicle to the electrical distribution network, by means of a charging cable 210. The charging cable 210 is provided with a second converter 204 of voltage outside the vehicle. The second voltage converter 204 has electrical outlets 212 and 214 at its ends. The second voltage converter 204 makes it possible to transfer energy between the outlet 216 of the distribution network and the charging plug 208. For the charging of the traction battery 200 and service battery 202, the charging cable 210 is connected to the socket 216 of the electrical distribution network and to the socket 208 of the vehicle. The second converter 204 may comprise a protection means, software and / or hardware, for limiting the voltage to a value less than 16 V across the terminals of the socket 208.

Conformément à l'invention, le second convertisseur 204 de tension permet de délivrer à la prise 208 du véhicule, un courant continu i1, sous une tension ul dont la valeur maximale est strictement inférieure à 50 V. Cette tension, délivrée en courant continu, ne présente pas de danger d'électrisation grave pour l'utilisateur du véhicule.According to the invention, the second voltage converter 204 makes it possible to deliver to the socket 208 of the vehicle, a direct current i1, under a voltage ul whose maximum value is strictly less than 50 V. This voltage, delivered in direct current, does not present a serious danger of electrification for the user of the vehicle.

Par exemple, la tension ul est comprise entre 9 V et 15 V. Dans le cas particulier où la batterie de servitude est déchargée, la tension ul est plus faible. Elle est par exemple comprise entre 6 et 10 V. 3013 166 6 En variante, le second convertisseur 204 peut délivrer à la prise 208 un courant alternatif, sous une tension strictement inférieure à 50 V. Cela permet d'assurer la sécurité de l'utilisateur du véhicule en courant alternatif en le préservant des risques d'électrocution. 5 Afin d'éviter la projection de métal lors d'un débranchement sous charge, le moyen de protection du second convertisseur 204 peut limiter la valeur du courant il à une valeur maximale de 32 A. Le courant il délivré par le convertisseur 204 au niveau de la prise 208 permet de recharger la batterie de servitude 202 et de fournir au premier 10 convertisseur 206 un courant pour la recharge de la batterie de traction 200. Pour éviter d'endommager la batterie de servitude 202, le courant il dépend de la puissance de recharge du véhicule et ne doit pas dépasser 20% à 25% de l'ampérage capacitaire de cette batterie. Par exemple, pour une batterie de servitude de type L3 / 76 A.h, on peut intégrer au second 15 convertisseur 204 une limitation du courant il à 17,3 A. La puissance nominale appliquée par le second convertisseur 204 aux bornes de la prise 208 est inférieure à 2300 W. Par puissance nominale, on entend la puissance maximale pouvant être délivrée aux bornes de la prise 208 en régime permanent. 20 Avantageusement, une puissance nominale inférieure à 1000 W permet de recharger en 2 à 6 heures (par exemple la nuit) les batteries 200 et 202 du véhicule. L'énergie utile des batteries 200 et 202 est généralement comprise entre 50 et 3000 W.h (Watt.heure). Avantageusement, pour la recharge de batteries ayant une énergie 25 utile faible, une puissance nominale inférieure à 250 W peut être suffisante. Pour répondre à d'autres besoins électriques du véhicule, cette puissance nominale peut dans certains cas être comprise entre 250 W et 2300 W. Une partie de la puissance de recharge étant utilisée pour recharger la 30 batterie de servitude 202, dans certains cas, la puissance maximale du premier convertisseur 206 peut être limitée à 150 W, ce qui est suffisant pour la recharge de la batterie de traction 200. Lorsuque, la batterie de traction 200 et/ou le premier convertisseur 206 comportent des calculateurs, ces derniers sont actifs durant la recharge. 35 L'alimentation des autres calculateurs du véhicule est coupée pour limiter les risques liés au vieillissement de leurs composants électroniques. En effet, ces composants ont une durée de vie en fonctionnement de l'ordre de 10 000 heures, inférieure à la durée cumulée des recharges du véhicule, de l'ordre de 50 000 heures.. L'alimentation de l'onduleur et par conséquent de la machine électrique de traction, est coupée pour éviter le déplacement du véhicule durant la recharge. La durée de recharge est définie pour que le niveau d'énergie maximum de la batterie de servitude 202 ne soit pas durablement dépassé durant la recharge. Par exemple, pour une batterie de servitude de type L3 / 76 A.h, une durée de recharge égale à 6 heures est bien adaptée.For example, the voltage ul is between 9 V and 15 V. In the particular case where the service battery is discharged, the voltage ul is lower. It is for example between 6 and 10 V. 3013 166 6 Alternatively, the second converter 204 can deliver to the socket 208 an alternating current at a voltage strictly less than 50 V. This ensures the safety of the user of the vehicle in alternating current by preserving the risk of electrocution. In order to avoid metal splashing during load disconnection, the protection means of the second converter 204 can limit the value of the current I1 to a maximum value of 32 A. The current it delivered by the converter 204 at the level of of the socket 208 can recharge the service battery 202 and provide the first converter 206 with a current for charging the traction battery 200. To avoid damage to the service battery 202, the current it depends on the power charging the vehicle and must not exceed 20% to 25% of the capacity amperage of this battery. For example, for a service battery type L3 / 76 Ah, it is possible to integrate in the second converter 204 a limitation of the current I1 to 17.3 A. The nominal power applied by the second converter 204 to the terminals of the socket 208 is less than 2300 W. By nominal power, it means the maximum power that can be delivered to the terminals of the socket 208 in steady state. Advantageously, a nominal power of less than 1000 W can recharge the batteries 200 and 202 of the vehicle in 2 to 6 hours (for example at night). The useful energy of the batteries 200 and 202 is generally between 50 and 3000 W.h (Watt.hour). Advantageously, for recharging batteries having a low useful energy, a nominal power of less than 250 W may be sufficient. To meet other electrical needs of the vehicle, this rated power may in some cases be between 250 W and 2300 W. Part of the charging power being used to recharge the service battery 202, in some cases the maximum power of the first converter 206 may be limited to 150 W, which is sufficient for charging the traction battery 200. When the traction battery 200 and / or the first converter 206 comprise computers, the latter are active during recharge. Power to the other computers of the vehicle is cut to limit the risks associated with the aging of their electronic components. Indeed, these components have a lifetime in operation of the order of 10,000 hours, less than the cumulative duration of refills of the vehicle, of the order of 50,000 hours .. The power of the inverter and by Therefore, the electric traction machine is cut to prevent the vehicle from moving during recharging. The charging time is set so that the maximum energy level of the service battery 202 is not durably exceeded during charging. For example, for a service battery type L3 / 76 A.h, a charging time equal to 6 hours is well suited.

Lors de la recharge, les convertisseurs 204 et 206, de même que les batteries 200 et 202, fonctionnent avec une puissance limitée et ne nécessitent donc pas d'être refroidis par un système de refroidissement actif, consommateur de puissance. Par exemple, en considérant une puissance de 150 W dans le premier convertisseur 206 de tension et un rendement de 90%, les pertes électriques sont de l'ordre de 15 W. Ces pertes sont facilement évacuées sous forme de chaleur dans l'air ambiant, par convection naturelle du convertisseur 206. Pour limiter l'échauffement des convertisseurs 204 et 206, un système de déclassement (en anglais « derating ») peut être intégré à ces convertisseurs. Ce système de « derating » limite le courant dans les convertisseurs lorsque des seuils de température sont atteints. Ainsi, un dispositif ou un procédé de recharge d'un véhicule automobile suivant l'invention permet à un utilisateur de ce véhicule de le raccorder à un réseau électrique de distribution au moyen d'une prise électrique dont la tension ne présente pas de danger d'électrisation grave pour cet utilisateur.During charging, the converters 204 and 206, as well as the batteries 200 and 202, operate with a limited power and therefore do not need to be cooled by an active cooling system, power consumer. For example, considering a power of 150 W in the first voltage converter 206 and a yield of 90%, the electrical losses are of the order of 15 W. These losses are easily discharged as heat in the ambient air by natural convection of the converter 206. To limit the heating of the converters 204 and 206, a derating system can be integrated in these converters. This derating system limits the current in the converters when temperature thresholds are reached. Thus, a device or a charging method of a motor vehicle according to the invention allows a user of this vehicle to connect it to an electrical distribution network by means of an electrical outlet whose voltage does not present a danger of serious electrification for this user.

Claims (7)

REVENDICATIONS1. Dispositif de recharge d'un véhicule automobile, ledit dispositif comportant : - un moyen (208) de connexion électrique, interface utilisateur pour le raccordement à un réseau de distribution électrique extérieur audit véhicule ; un premier stackeur -d'énergie électrique (200) présentant à ses bornes une tension maximale sterieure à 50 V ; un premier convertisseur {206) de tension adapté à transférer de l'énergie entre ledit moyen (208) de connexion et ledit premier stockeur (200) ; ledit dispositif étant caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte en outre un second convertisseur (204) de tension, pour transférer de l'énergie audit moyen (208) de connexion, ledit second convertisseur (204) délivrant aux bornes dudit moyen (208) de connexion une tension (u1) dont la valeur maximale est strictement inférieure à 50 V.REVENDICATIONS1. A charging device for a motor vehicle, said device comprising: - means (208) for electrical connection, user interface for connection to an electrical distribution network outside said vehicle; a first electric energy stacker (200) having at its terminals a maximum voltage of less than 50 V; a first voltage converter (206) adapted to transfer energy between said connecting means (208) and said first storage (200); said device being characterized in that it further comprises a second voltage converter (204) for transferring power to said connecting means (208), said second converter (204) delivering across said means (208) connection a voltage (u1) whose maximum value is strictly less than 50 V. 2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte en outre un second stockeur d'énergie électrique (202), la tension aux bornes dudit second stockeur (202) étant, lors de la recharge dudit véhicule, égale à la tension (u1) aux bornes dudit moyen (208) de connexion.2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a second storer of electrical energy (202), the voltage across said second storer (202) being, when charging said vehicle, equal to the voltage (u1) across said connection means (208). 3. Dispositif selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que ledit second convertisseur (204) comporte un moyen de protection adapté à limiter la tension (u1) aux bornes dudit moyen (208) de connexion à une valeur inférieure à 16 V.3. Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said second converter (204) comprises a protection means adapted to limit the voltage (u1) across said connection means (208) to a value less than 16 V. 4. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la tension (u1) appliquée par ledit second convertisseur (204) aux bornes dudit moyen (208) de connexion est comprise entre 9 V et 15 V.4. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the voltage (u1) applied by said second converter (204) across said connection means (208) is between 9 V and 15 V. 5. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que ledit second convertisseur (204) est adapté à appliquer un courant continu aux bornes dudit moyen (208) de connexion.5. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said second converter (204) is adapted to apply a direct current across said connection means (208). 6. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le premier convertisseur (206) présente une puissance nominale inférieure à 150 W.6. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first converter (206) has a nominal power of less than 150 W. 7. Véhicule automobile caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un dispositif de recharge selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6.7. Motor vehicle characterized in that it comprises a recharging device according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
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FR3038152A1 (en) * 2015-06-24 2016-12-30 Valeo Systemes De Controle Moteur METHOD FOR CHARGING AN ELECTRIC ENERGY STORAGE UNIT AND VOLTAGE CONVERTER
US10870362B2 (en) 2015-06-24 2020-12-22 Valeo Siemens Eautomotive France Sas Method for charging an electrical energy storage unit and voltage converter
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CN111596513A (en) * 2020-05-09 2020-08-28 深圳市火乐科技发展有限公司 Vehicle, projection device using vehicle power supply and projection method

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