FR2994896A1 - Device for storage of electricity on-board of electric motor vehicle, has voltage converter transferring electrical energy from low voltage battery to high voltage battery, where cells of low voltage battery are designed in lithium-ion type - Google Patents

Device for storage of electricity on-board of electric motor vehicle, has voltage converter transferring electrical energy from low voltage battery to high voltage battery, where cells of low voltage battery are designed in lithium-ion type Download PDF

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Publication number
FR2994896A1
FR2994896A1 FR1258179A FR1258179A FR2994896A1 FR 2994896 A1 FR2994896 A1 FR 2994896A1 FR 1258179 A FR1258179 A FR 1258179A FR 1258179 A FR1258179 A FR 1258179A FR 2994896 A1 FR2994896 A1 FR 2994896A1
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France
Prior art keywords
battery
voltage
low voltage
voltage battery
low
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FR1258179A
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French (fr)
Inventor
Pierrick Gueguen
Larbi Touahir
Romain Filoche
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Renault SAS
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Renault SAS
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Priority to FR1258179A priority Critical patent/FR2994896A1/en
Publication of FR2994896A1 publication Critical patent/FR2994896A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/28—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the electric energy storing means, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/0046—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/04—Cutting off the power supply under fault conditions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
    • B60L58/13—Maintaining the SoC within a determined range
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/20—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having different nominal voltages
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/21—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having the same nominal voltage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/22—Balancing the charge of battery modules
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/14—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/10—DC to DC converters
    • B60L2210/12—Buck converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/10—DC to DC converters
    • B60L2210/14—Boost converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2400/00—Special features of vehicle units
    • B60Y2400/11—Electric energy storages
    • B60Y2400/112—Batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/337—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in push-pull configuration
    • H02M3/3372—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in push-pull configuration of the parallel type
    • H02M3/3374—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in push-pull configuration of the parallel type with preregulator, e.g. current injected push-pull
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
    • Y02T10/92—Energy efficient charging or discharging systems for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors specially adapted for vehicles

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

The device (10) has a high voltage battery (20) for supplying a high voltage to a high voltage circuit (14). The circuit supplies an electric traction motor of a vehicle. A low voltage battery (24) supplies a low voltage to the circuit. A voltage converter (26) i.e. voltage chopper, transfers an electrical energy from the low voltage battery to the high voltage battery to recharge the high voltage battery. Cells of the low voltage battery are designed in a lithium-ion type. The high and low voltage batteries are locked up in a case (64).

Description

"Dispositif de stockage d'électricité comportant une batterie à haute tension et une batterie à basse tension de type Lithium-ion" L'invention concerne un dispositif de stockage d'électricité 5 embarqué à bord d'un véhicule comportant un moteur électrique de traction. L'invention concerne plus particulièrement un dispositif de stockage d'électricité embarqué à bord d'un véhicule comportant au moins un moteur électrique de traction alimenté par un circuit 10 à haute tension et des accessoires alimentés par un circuit à basse tension, le dispositif de stockage comportant : - au moins une batterie d'accumulateurs à haute tension qui est destinée à alimenter le circuit à haute tension ; - au moins une batterie d'accumulateurs à basse tension 15 qui est destinée à alimenter le circuit à basse tension ; - au moins un convertisseur de tension qui permet de transférer de l'énergie électrique depuis la batterie à haute tension vers la batterie à basse tension pour recharger cette dernière. 20 Un tel dispositif de stockage peut être utilisé à bord d'un véhicule à propulsion purement électrique ou à propulsion hybride thermique-électrique. Dans ce type de dispositif de stockage, il est connu d'utiliser une batterie à haute tension munie d'accumulateurs de 25 type lithium-ion, désignées par la suite accumulateurs "Li-ion". Ces accumulateurs sont particulièrement adaptés à un usage embarqué du fait de leur grande densité énergétique, c'est-à-dire leur possibilité de stocker une grande quantité d'énergie avec une faible masse. 30 La batterie à basse tension est généralement formée par une batterie au plomb (Pb). Une telle batterie est couramment utilisée sur les véhicules thermiques car elle est peu onéreuse.The invention relates to an electrical storage device 5 on board a vehicle comprising an electric traction motor. The present invention relates to an on-board electrical storage device 5 comprising an electric traction motor. . The invention more particularly relates to a device for storing electricity on board a vehicle comprising at least one electric traction motor powered by a high-voltage circuit and accessories powered by a low-voltage circuit, the device for storage comprising: - at least one high voltage storage battery which is intended to supply the high voltage circuit; at least one low voltage storage battery 15 which is intended to supply the low voltage circuit; - At least one voltage converter that transfers electrical energy from the high voltage battery to the low voltage battery to recharge the latter. Such a storage device may be used on board a purely electric propulsion vehicle or a hybrid electric-electric propulsion vehicle. In this type of storage device, it is known to use a high voltage battery provided with lithium-ion type accumulators, hereinafter referred to as "Li-ion" accumulators. These accumulators are particularly suitable for embedded use because of their high energy density, that is to say their ability to store a large amount of energy with a low mass. The low voltage battery is generally formed by a lead battery (Pb). Such a battery is commonly used on thermal vehicles because it is inexpensive.

De plus, la gestion d'une batterie au plomb est sensiblement moins contraignante que celle d'une batterie Li-ion. Néanmoins, la batterie au plomb présente une faible densité énergétique. Une telle batterie est ainsi lourde et 5 encombrante. Or, le compartiment d'un véhicule à moteur électrique est déjà très encombré. On a déjà proposé de maintenir la batterie basse tension à un certain niveau de charge en utilisant la batterie haute tension via un convertisseur. 10 Cette solution ne permet cependant pas de réduire l'encombrement de la batterie à basse tension car les normes de sécurité imposent que certains accessoires électriques du véhicule soient susceptibles d'être alimentés par au moins deux sources distinctes de courant. C'est par exemple le cas des feux 15 de route. La présente invention propose un dispositif de stockage du type décrit précédemment, caractérisé en ce que les accumulateurs de la batterie à basse tension sont de type lithium-ion. 20 Selon d'autres caractéristiques de l'invention : - la batterie à basse tension comporte au moins quatre accumulateurs branchés en série ; - la batterie à basse tension comporte deux séries d'accumulateurs branchés en parallèle, chaque série 25 d'accumulateurs comportant quatre accumulateurs branchés en série ; - la batterie à haute tension comporte au moins deux modules à tension intermédiaire qui sont branchés en série ; - au moins un des modules de la batterie à haute tension 30 est relié à la batterie basse tension par l'intermédiaire du convertisseur de tension ; - chaque module de la batterie à haute tension est relié à la batterie basse tension par l'intermédiaire d'un convertisseur de tension associé ; - la batterie à basse tension présente une tension nominale d'environ 14 V ; - chaque module de la batterie à haute tension présente une tension nominale d'environ 50 V ; - chaque convertisseur de tension comporte un transformateur permettant une isolation galvanique de la batterie à basse tension par rapport à la batterie à haute tension ; - chaque convertisseur de tension est un hacheur de tension comportant au moins un étage du type "Buck" associé à un étage comportant le transformateur ; - la batterie à haute tension et la batterie à basse tension 15 sont enfermées dans un boîtier commun. D'autres caractéristiques et avantages apparaitront au cours de la lecture de la description détaillée qui va suivre pour la compréhension de laquelle on se reportera aux dessins annexés parmi lesquels : 20 - la figure 1 est un schéma qui représente un dispositif de stockage réalisé selon les enseignements de l'invention ; - la figure 2 est un schéma qui représente plus précisément la structure du convertisseur de tension du dispositif de la figure 1 ; 25 - la figure 3 est un schéma-bloc qui représente un procédé de pilotage d'un commutateur de commande du convertisseur de la figure 2. Dans la suite de la description, des éléments présentant une structure identique ou des fonctions analogues seront 30 désignés par des mêmes numéros de référence. On a représenté à la figure 1 un dispositif 10 de stockage d'électricité qui est embarqué à bord d'un véhicule (non représenté).In addition, the management of a lead-acid battery is significantly less restrictive than that of a Li-ion battery. Nevertheless, the lead battery has a low energy density. Such a battery is thus heavy and bulky. However, the compartment of a vehicle with an electric motor is already very crowded. It has already been proposed to maintain the low voltage battery at a certain level of charge by using the high voltage battery via a converter. This solution does not, however, reduce the size of the low voltage battery because the safety standards require that certain electrical accessories of the vehicle are likely to be powered by at least two separate sources of current. This is for example the case of road lights. The present invention proposes a storage device of the type described above, characterized in that the accumulators of the low-voltage battery are of lithium-ion type. According to other characteristics of the invention: the low-voltage battery comprises at least four accumulators connected in series; the low-voltage battery comprises two series of accumulators connected in parallel, each series of accumulators comprising four accumulators connected in series; the high voltage battery comprises at least two intermediate voltage modules which are connected in series; at least one of the modules of the high voltage battery 30 is connected to the low voltage battery via the voltage converter; each module of the high-voltage battery is connected to the low-voltage battery via an associated voltage converter; the low voltage battery has a nominal voltage of approximately 14 V; each module of the high voltage battery has a nominal voltage of approximately 50 V; each voltage converter comprises a transformer allowing galvanic isolation of the low voltage battery from the high voltage battery; each voltage converter is a voltage chopper comprising at least one stage of the "Buck" type associated with a stage comprising the transformer; the high voltage battery and the low voltage battery are enclosed in a common housing. Other features and advantages will become apparent upon reading the detailed description which follows for the understanding of which reference will be made to the appended drawings in which: FIG. 1 is a diagram which shows a storage device produced according to teachings of the invention; FIG. 2 is a diagram which more precisely represents the structure of the voltage converter of the device of FIG. 1; FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a control method of a control switch of the converter of FIG. 2. In the remainder of the description, elements having identical structure or similar functions will be designated by FIG. same reference numbers. FIG. 1 shows a device 10 for storing electricity which is on board a vehicle (not shown).

Le véhicule comporte un moteur 12 électrique de traction qui est alimenté par un circuit 14 à haute tension. Le véhicule comporte aussi des accessoires 16 qui sont alimentés par un circuit 18 à basse tension.The vehicle comprises an electric traction motor 12 which is powered by a high voltage circuit 14. The vehicle also includes accessories 16 which are powered by a circuit 18 at low voltage.

Le dispositif 10 de stockage comporte une batterie 20 d'accumulateurs à haute tension qui est destinée à alimenter le circuit 14 à haute tension. La tension nominale de la batterie 20 à haute tension est par exemple d'environ 400 V. La batterie 20 à haute tension est une batterie 10 d'accumulateurs. Cette batterie 20 comporte plusieurs accumulateurs mis en série et/ou en parallèle. Dans l'exemple représenté à la figure 1, la batterie 20 à haute tension comporte plusieurs modules 22 qui sont branchés en série entre eux. Un module 22 est défini comme étant un 15 ensemble d'accumulateurs qui est agencé dans un même carter. Tous les modules 22 sont ici identiques. Chaque module 22 présente une tension nominale intermédiaire entre la basse tension et la haute tension. La tension nominale intermédiaire est cependant très sensiblement 20 supérieure à la tension nominale de la batterie 24 à basse tension. La batterie 20 à haute tension comporte ici huit modules 22 dont chacun présente une tension nominale de 50 V. Chaque module 22 comporte une pluralité d'accumulateurs qui sont branchés en série. Chaque module 22 peut aussi 25 comporter plusieurs séries d'accumulateurs branchés en série, les séries d'accumulateurs étant branchées en parallèle. Chaque module 22 qui peut être remplacé indépendamment des autres en cas de dysfonctionnement dudit module. 30 Les accumulateurs de la batterie 20 à haute tension sont ici des accumulateurs électrochimiques utilisant la technologie Li-ion. Tous les accumulateurs présentent des caractéristiques identiques. Chaque accumulateur présente par exemple une tension nominale comprise entre 3,3 V et 4,2 V, voire plus faible pour des technologies d'accumulateurs Li-ion dont l'électrode négative serait réalisée à base de titanates. Le dispositif 10 comporte aussi une batterie 24 d'accumulateurs à basse tension qui est destinée à alimenter le circuit 18 à basse tension. Par le terme "basse tension", on comprendra que la batterie 24 à basse tension présente une tension nominale très sensiblement inférieure à la tension nominale de la batterie 20 à haute tension. La tension nominale de la batterie 24 à basse tension est par exemple d'environ 14 V. La batterie 24 à basse tension est une batterie d'accumulateurs. Cette batterie 24 comporte plusieurs accumulateurs mis en série et/ou en parallèle. Les accumulateurs de la batterie à basse tension sont de type lithium-ion. Il s'agit ici d'accumulateurs identiques à ceux utilisés pour la batterie 20 à haute tension. Ainsi, chaque accumulateur présente par exemple une tension nominale comprise entre 3,3 V et 4,2 V. La batterie 24 à basse tension est ici formée d'un unique module qui comporte une pluralité d'accumulateurs qui sont branchés en série. La batterie comporte par exemple quatre accumulateurs branchés en série. Cette configuration est aussi connue sous l'appellation "4S". En variante, la batterie 24 à basse tension comporte deux séries d'accumulateurs branchés en parallèle, chaque série comportant quatre accumulateurs branchés en série. Cette configuration est connue sous l'appellation "4S2P". Cette configuration "4S2P" permet notamment d'obtenir une batterie 24 à basse tension présentant une capacité de stockage énergétique deux fois plus importante que dans une configuration "4S" tout en présentant une tension nominale identique. Le dispositif 10 comporte aussi un convertisseur 26 de tension qui permet de transférer de l'énergie électrique depuis la batterie 20 à haute tension vers la batterie 24 à basse tension pour recharger cette dernière. Il s'agit d'un convertisseur 26 de tension qui convertit une tension continue en une autre tension continue de plus faible valeur.The storage device 10 comprises a battery 20 of high voltage accumulators which is intended to supply the circuit 14 with high voltage. The nominal voltage of the high-voltage battery 20 is, for example, about 400 V. The high-voltage battery 20 is a battery 10 of accumulators. This battery 20 comprises several accumulators placed in series and / or in parallel. In the example shown in FIG. 1, the high voltage battery 20 comprises several modules 22 which are connected in series with each other. A module 22 is defined as a set of accumulators which is arranged in the same housing. All the modules 22 are here identical. Each module 22 has a nominal voltage intermediate between the low voltage and the high voltage. The intermediate rated voltage is, however, substantially greater than the nominal voltage of the low voltage battery. The high voltage battery 20 here comprises eight modules 22 each having a nominal voltage of 50 V. Each module 22 comprises a plurality of accumulators which are connected in series. Each module 22 may also include several series of accumulators connected in series, the series of accumulators being connected in parallel. Each module 22 which can be replaced independently of others in case of malfunction of said module. The accumulators of the high-voltage battery 20 are here electrochemical accumulators using Li-ion technology. All accumulators have identical characteristics. Each battery has, for example, a nominal voltage of between 3.3 V and 4.2 V, or even lower for Li-ion battery technologies whose negative electrode is made from titanates. The device 10 also comprises a battery 24 of low voltage accumulators which is intended to supply the circuit 18 at low voltage. By the term "low voltage", it will be understood that the low voltage battery 24 has a nominal voltage that is very much lower than the nominal voltage of the high voltage battery 20. The nominal voltage of the battery 24 at low voltage is for example about 14 V. The battery 24 low voltage is a storage battery. This battery 24 comprises several accumulators placed in series and / or in parallel. The accumulators of the low-voltage battery are of lithium-ion type. These are accumulators identical to those used for the high-voltage battery 20. Thus, each battery has for example a nominal voltage between 3.3 V and 4.2 V. The low voltage battery 24 is here formed of a single module which comprises a plurality of accumulators which are connected in series. The battery comprises for example four accumulators connected in series. This configuration is also known as "4S". In a variant, the low-voltage battery 24 comprises two series of accumulators connected in parallel, each series comprising four accumulators connected in series. This configuration is known as "4S2P". This "4S2P" configuration makes it possible in particular to obtain a low-voltage battery 24 having an energy storage capacity that is twice as high as in a "4S" configuration while presenting an identical nominal voltage. The device 10 also comprises a voltage converter 26 which makes it possible to transfer electrical energy from the high-voltage battery 20 to the battery 24 at low voltage in order to recharge the latter. It is a voltage converter 26 which converts a DC voltage into another DC voltage of lower value.

Avantageusement, le convertisseur 26 de tension est raccordé à un seul des modules 22 de la batterie 20 à haute tension. Le convertisseur 26 de tension est ainsi un convertisseur de courant continu qui convertit la tension nominale du module 22 en un courant d'une tension nominale égale à celle de la batterie 24 à basse tension. Dans l'exemple décrit ici, le convertisseur 26 de tension convertit une tension de 50V en une tension de 14V, aussi connue sous l'abréviation anglo-saxonne "DCDC 50-14". Une telle disposition est très avantageuse par rapport à un convertisseur de tension qui convertit directement la tension nominale de la batterie à haute tension, c'est-à-dire 400 V en basse tension. En effet, un convertisseur 26 de tension 50V-14V présente un meilleur rendement qu'un convertisseur de tension 400V-14V. En variante, le dispositif 10 comporte une pluralité de 20 convertisseurs de tension 50V-14V dont chacun raccorde un module associé de la batterie à haute tension avec la batterie à basse tension. Le convertisseur 26 est représenté plus en détails à la figure 2. La différence entre la tension intermédiaire du module 22 25 associé et celle de la batterie 24 à basse tension étant relativement faible, il est possible d'adopter pour le convertisseur 26 une architecture simple et peu coûteuse. Le convertisseur 26 est un hacheur de tension qui permet d'abaisser la tension intermédiaire, ici 50 V, vers la basse 30 tension, ici 14 V. Le convertisseur 26 est ici un convertisseur dont la topologie est une variante d'un convertisseur "Buck".Advantageously, the voltage converter 26 is connected to only one of the modules 22 of the high-voltage battery 20. The voltage converter 26 is thus a DC converter which converts the nominal voltage of the module 22 into a current of a nominal voltage equal to that of the battery 24 at low voltage. In the example described here, the voltage converter 26 converts a voltage of 50V into a voltage of 14V, also known by the abbreviation "DCDC 50-14". Such an arrangement is very advantageous compared to a voltage converter which directly converts the nominal voltage of the high-voltage battery, that is to say 400 V in low voltage. Indeed, a converter 26 of voltage 50V-14V has a better output than a voltage converter 400V-14V. Alternatively, the device 10 includes a plurality of 50V-14V voltage converters each of which connects an associated module of the high voltage battery with the low voltage battery. The converter 26 is shown in more detail in FIG. 2. Since the difference between the intermediate voltage of the associated module 22 and that of the low voltage battery 24 is relatively small, it is possible to adopt a simple architecture for the converter 26. and inexpensive. The converter 26 is a voltage chopper which makes it possible to lower the intermediate voltage, here 50 V, to the low voltage, here 14 V. The converter 26 is here a converter whose topology is a variant of a converter "Buck" ".

En variante, le convertisseur est un convertisseur de type "flyback". Un tel convertisseur est bien connu de l'homme du métier et il ne sera pas décrit plus en détails par la suite. Le convertisseur 26 présente ainsi la topologie d'un convertisseur "Buck" qui comporte un premier commutateur 28 de commande qui est branché en série avec la borne positive du module 22. Le commutateur 28 de commande est réalisé par exemple par un transistor de puissance tel qu'un transistor MOSFET.In a variant, the converter is a "flyback" type converter. Such a converter is well known to those skilled in the art and it will not be described in more detail later. The converter 26 thus has the topology of a "Buck" converter which comprises a first control switch 28 which is connected in series with the positive terminal of the module 22. The control switch 28 is made for example by a power transistor such as than a MOSFET transistor.

Le commutateur 28 de commande est branché une diode 30 qui est elle-même branchée à la borne négative du module 22. La diode est orientée de manière à interdire le passage du courant depuis la borne positive vers la borne négative lorsque le commutateur 28 est fermé.The control switch 28 is connected to a diode 30 which is itself connected to the negative terminal of the module 22. The diode is oriented so as to prevent the flow of current from the positive terminal to the negative terminal when the switch 28 is closed. .

La batterie 24 à basse tension est branchée en parallèle par rapport à la diode 30 par l'intermédiaire d'un transformateur 34 qui assure l'isolation galvanique de la batterie 24 à basse tension par rapport au module 22. Ainsi, un enroulement primaire 34A du transformateur 34 est branché en parallèle par rapport à la diode 30, tandis qu'un enroulement secondaire 34B est branché aux bornes de la batterie 24 à basse tension. Une bobine 36 d'inductance déterminée est interposée dans le circuit entre le commutateur 28 de commande et l'enroulement primaire 34A, en aval de l'embranchement avec la diode 30. Chaque extrémité de l'enroulement primaire 34A est reliées à la borne négative du module 22 en amont de l'embranchement avec la diode 30 par l'intermédiaire d'un commutateur 37A, 37B associé, désignés par la suite "commutateurs 37A, 37B d'inversion". Les commutateurs 37A, 37B d'inversion sont par exemple des transistors de puissance tels que des transistors MOSFET.The low voltage battery 24 is connected in parallel with the diode 30 via a transformer 34 which provides galvanic isolation of the battery 24 at low voltage relative to the module 22. Thus, a primary winding 34A the transformer 34 is connected in parallel with the diode 30, while a secondary winding 34B is connected across the battery 24 at low voltage. A coil 36 of determined inductance is interposed in the circuit between the control switch 28 and the primary winding 34A, downstream of the junction with the diode 30. Each end of the primary winding 34A is connected to the negative terminal of the module 22 upstream of the branch with the diode 30 through an associated switch 37A, 37B, hereinafter referred to as "inverting switches 37A, 37B". The inverting switches 37A, 37B are, for example, power transistors such as MOSFET transistors.

Les commutateurs 37A, 37B d'inversion sont destinés à être commandés alternativement en position ouverte ou fermé en opposition de phase l'un par rapport à l'autre. Ainsi, le sens du courant circulant dans l'enroulement secondaire 34B est alternatif. L'enroulement secondaire 34B est branché aux bornes de la batterie 24 à basse tension par l'intermédiaire d'un pont 38 de diodes qui permet de redresser le courant électrique afin d'assurer une alimentation en courant continu de la batterie 24 à basse tension. Un tel convertisseur 26 ainsi réalisé comporte un premier étage 40 formant un convertisseur de type "Buck" et un deuxième étage 42 formant un convertisseur de type "push pull" qui est monté en série avec le premier étage 40.The inverting switches 37A, 37B are intended to be alternately controlled in the open or closed position in phase opposition with respect to each other. Thus, the direction of the current flowing in the secondary winding 34B is alternative. The secondary winding 34B is connected to the terminals of the low voltage battery 24 via a bridge 38 of diodes which makes it possible to rectify the electric current in order to ensure a DC power supply of the battery 24 at low voltage. . Such a converter 26 thus produced comprises a first stage 40 forming a "Buck" type converter and a second stage 42 forming a "push-pull" type converter which is connected in series with the first stage 40.

Le premier étage 40 comporte le commutateur 28 de commande, la bobine 36 et la diode 30, tandis que le deuxième étage 42 comporte le transformateur 34, les deux commutateurs 37A, 37B d'inversion et le pont 38 de diodes. Pour assurer la redondance d'alimentation du circuit 18 à basse tension, le circuit 18 à basse tension est branché directement à la sortie du premier étage 40 du convertisseur 26, en parallèle par rapport au deuxième étage 42. Ainsi, le circuit 18 à basse tension est susceptible d'être alimenté alternativement par la batterie 24 à basse tension ou par le module 22 de la batterie 20 à haute tension. Un tel agencement permet ainsi de remédier à une éventuelle défaillance de l'une ou l'autre des batteries 20, 24. Le commutateur 28 de commande est piloté par une unité électronique de commande comportant des moyens 44 électroniques de pilotage qui sont susceptible de mettre en oeuvre un procédé de pilotage dit "à structure en cascade". Les moyens de pilotage sont intégrés dans la structure du convertisseur 26.The first stage 40 includes the control switch 28, the coil 36 and the diode 30, while the second stage 42 comprises the transformer 34, the two inverting switches 37A, 37B and the bridge 38 of diodes. To ensure the supply redundancy of the low-voltage circuit 18, the low-voltage circuit 18 is connected directly to the output of the first stage 40 of the converter 26, in parallel with the second stage 42. Thus, the low-level circuit 18 voltage is likely to be fed alternately by the battery 24 at low voltage or by the module 22 of the battery 20 high voltage. Such an arrangement thus makes it possible to remedy a possible failure of one or other of the batteries 20, 24. The control switch 28 is controlled by an electronic control unit comprising electronic control means 44 which are capable of a so-called "cascade structure" control method is used. The control means are integrated in the structure of the converter 26.

Le procédé de pilotage est représenté plus en détails à la figure 3. Le procédé comporte une première boucle 46 de régulation de la tension, une deuxième boucle 48 de régulation du courant, 5 un générateur 50 d'impulsion à largeur modulée. Ces trois éléments sont agencés en cascade. La première boucle 46 comporte un comparateur 52 qui est susceptible de calculer la différence entre une tension de référence "Vref" qui est égale à la tension nominale de la batterie 10 24 à basse tension, et une tension "Vmes" qui est effectivement mesurée aux bornes de la batterie 24 à basse tension. La mesure de la tension "Vmes" est effectuée par un voltmètre qui est branché en parallèle aux bornes de la batterie 24 à basse tension. 15 La différence ainsi calculée est ensuite filtrée par un module 54 dit "Pl". Un tel module 54 est susceptible de multiplier la différence obtenue par le comparateur par un gain "Ki" déterminé avant de subir une opération d'intégration qui permet de filtrer les bruits de mesure de la tension "Vmes" mesurée. 20 La différence ainsi filtrée est appelée par la suite courant de référence "Iref". Le courant de référence "Iref" forme une donnée d'entrée de la deuxième boucle 48. La deuxième boucle 48 comporte un comparateur 56 qui 25 est susceptible de calculer la différence entre le courant de référence "Iref" et un courant "Imes" qui est effectivement mesuré dans la bobine 36 du convertisseur 26. La mesure du courant "Imes" est effectuée par un ampèremètre qui est branché en série avec la bobine 36. 30 La différence ainsi calculée est ensuite filtrée par un deuxième module 58 "Pl" analogue au premier module 56 "Pl" qui présente un gain déterminé "K2" et qui permet de filtrer les bruits de mesure de l'intensité "Imes" mesurée.The driving method is shown in more detail in FIG. 3. The method comprises a first voltage regulation loop 46, a second current regulation loop 48, a modulated width pulse generator 50. These three elements are arranged in cascade. The first loop 46 comprises a comparator 52 which is capable of calculating the difference between a reference voltage "Vref" which is equal to the nominal voltage of the low-voltage battery 24, and a voltage "Vmes" which is effectively measured at 24 battery terminals at low voltage. The measurement of the voltage "Vmes" is performed by a voltmeter which is connected in parallel to the terminals of the battery 24 at low voltage. The difference thus calculated is then filtered by a module 54 called "Pl". Such a module 54 is capable of multiplying the difference obtained by the comparator by a gain "Ki" determined before undergoing an integration operation that can filter the measured noise of the voltage "Vmes" measured. The difference thus filtered is hereinafter referred to as the "Iref" reference current. The reference current "Iref" forms an input data of the second loop 48. The second loop 48 comprises a comparator 56 which is capable of calculating the difference between the reference current "Iref" and a current "Imes" which is actually measured in the coil 36 of the converter 26. The current measurement "Imes" is carried out by an ammeter which is connected in series with the coil 36. The difference thus calculated is then filtered by a second module 58 "Pl" analogous at the first module 56 "Pl" which has a determined gain "K2" and which makes it possible to filter the measurement noises of the measured "Imes" intensity.

En sortie de cette deuxième boucle 48, on obtient un signal "Scom" de commande filtré de la différence entre le courant "Iref" de référence et le courant "Imes" mesuré. Ce signal "Scom" forme une donnée d'entrée du générateur 50 d'impulsion à largeur modulée. Le générateur 50 comporte ici un amplificateur opérationnel 60 et un générateur 62 de tension qui émet un signal "Sref" électrique dont la tension varie selon une fréquence prédéterminée, par exemple 50 Hz. Il s'agit par exemple d'un signal "Sref" en dent de scie ou sinusoïdal. Le signal "Scom" de commande et le signal "Sref" de référence sont chacun connectés à une entrée respective de l'amplificateur opérationnel 60. En sortie de l'amplificateur opérationnel 60, on obtient un train d'impulsions "PWM" à largeur modulée, plus connu sous l'appellation anglosaxonne "pulse width modulation" ou "PWM". Le rapport cyclique du train d'impulsions "PWM" varie en fonction de la valeur du signal "Sref" de référence. Ce train d'impulsions "PWM" est transmis au commutateur 28 de manière à piloter les cycles d'ouverture et de fermeture du commutateur 28 de commande afin de recharger la batterie 24 à basse tension jusqu'à ce qu'elle atteigne sa tension nominale. Ce procédé de commande en cascade permet d'obtenir une réponse très réactive du convertisseur 26, permettant ainsi de 25 recharger rapidement la batterie 24 à basse tension tout en évitant les sous-tensions ou les surtensions. La batterie 20 à haute tension et la batterie 24 à basse tension sont enfermées dans un boîtier 64 commun. Le pilotage de leur charge et l'équilibrage des différents modules 22 et de la 30 batterie 24 à basse tension sont commandés par une unité électronique de commande commune qui est ici nommée "dispositif 66 de commande de batterie". Un tel dispositif de commande est aussi connu sous son appellation anglo-saxonne "battery management system" ou "BMS". Le dispositif 66 de commande comporte des moyens de mesure de la tension aux bornes de chacun des modules 22 et aux bornes de la batterie 24 à basse tension. Le dispositif 66 de commande est susceptible de mettre en oeuvre un procédé d'équilibrage des batteries et des modules afin d'assurer que les modules 22 présentent un état de charge sensiblement identique. Le dispositif 66 de commande permet aussi de commander la charge ou la décharge des modules 22 ou de la batterie 24 à basse tension de manière que leur état de charge soit compris dans un plage déterminée d'utilisation. La plage déterminée d'utilisation est par exemple comprise entre 20% et 80% de l'état de charge totale de chaque module 22 ou de la batterie 24 à basse tension. Cette plage est déterminée de manière à minimiser la dégradation de performance des accumulateurs. Les accumulateurs de la batterie 24 à basse tension peuvent par exemple être d'anciens accumulateurs de batterie 20 à haute tension recyclés.At the output of this second loop 48, a filtered control signal "Scom" is obtained from the difference between the reference "Iref" current and the measured "Imes" current. This "Scom" signal forms an input data of the modulated width pulse generator 50. The generator 50 here comprises an operational amplifier 60 and a voltage generator 62 which emits an electric "Sref" signal whose voltage varies according to a predetermined frequency, for example 50 Hz. It is for example an "Sref" signal. sawtooth or sinusoidal. The control "Scom" signal and the reference "Sref" signal are each connected to a respective input of the operational amplifier 60. At the output of the operational amplifier 60, a "PWM" pulse train with a width modulated, better known under the name Anglosaxonne "pulse width modulation" or "PWM". The duty cycle of the pulse train "PWM" varies depending on the value of the reference signal "Sref". This pulse train "PWM" is transmitted to the switch 28 so as to control the opening and closing cycles of the control switch 28 in order to recharge the battery 24 at low voltage until it reaches its nominal voltage. . This cascaded control method makes it possible to obtain a very reactive response from the converter 26, thus enabling the battery 24 to be recharged quickly at low voltage while avoiding undervoltage or overvoltages. The high voltage battery 20 and the low voltage battery 24 are enclosed in a common housing 64. The control of their load and the balancing of the different modules 22 and the low voltage battery 24 are controlled by a common electronic control unit which is here called "battery control device 66". Such a control device is also known by its English name "battery management system" or "BMS". The control device 66 comprises means for measuring the voltage at the terminals of each of the modules 22 and at the terminals of the battery 24 at low voltage. The control device 66 is able to implement a method of balancing the batteries and modules to ensure that the modules 22 have a substantially identical state of charge. The control device 66 also makes it possible to control the charging or discharging of the modules 22 or of the battery 24 at low voltage so that their state of charge is within a certain range of use. The determined range of use is for example between 20% and 80% of the total state of charge of each module 22 or the battery 24 at low voltage. This range is determined so as to minimize the performance degradation of the accumulators. The accumulators of the low-voltage battery 24 may, for example, be old recycled high-voltage battery accumulators.

Le dispositif 10 de stockage réalisé selon les enseigne- ments de l'invention permet ainsi d'obtenir une batterie 24 à basse tension légère et compact. Le pilotage de cette batterie est avantageusement réalisé par un dispositif 66 de commande commun avec la batterie 20 à haute tension.The storage device 10 produced according to the teachings of the invention thus makes it possible to obtain a light and compact low-voltage battery 24. The control of this battery is advantageously achieved by a common control device 66 with the high-voltage battery 20.

En outre, la batterie 20 à haute tension et la batterie 24 à basse tension sont agencées dans un boîtier 64 commun, ce qui permet leur remplacement simultané lors d'un opération de maintenance. De plus les accumulateurs de la batterie 24 à basse tension sont d'anciens accumulateurs de batterie à haute tension recyclés. Une telle configuration est économiquement et écologiquement avantageuse.In addition, the high voltage battery 20 and the low voltage battery 24 are arranged in a common housing 64, which allows their simultaneous replacement during a maintenance operation. In addition, the accumulators of the low-voltage battery 24 are old recycled high-voltage battery accumulators. Such a configuration is economically and ecologically advantageous.

Claims (10)

REVENDICATIONS1. Dispositif (10) de stockage d'électricité embarqué à bord d'un véhicule comportant au moins un moteur électrique de traction alimenté par un circuit (14) à haute tension et des accessoires (16) alimentés par un circuit (18) à basse tension, le dispositif de stockage comportant : - au moins une batterie (20) d'accumulateurs à haute tension qui est destinée à alimenter le circuit (14) à haute tension ; - au moins une batterie (24) d'accumulateurs à basse tension qui est destinée à alimenter le circuit (14) à basse tension ; - au moins un convertisseur (26) de tension qui permet de transférer de l'énergie électrique depuis la batterie (20) à haute tension vers la batterie (24) à basse tension pour recharger cette dernière ; caractérisé en ce que les accumulateurs de la batterie (24) à basse tension sont de type lithium-ion.REVENDICATIONS1. Device (10) for storing electricity on board a vehicle comprising at least one electric traction motor powered by a high voltage circuit (14) and accessories (16) powered by a low voltage circuit (18) the storage device comprising: - at least one battery (20) of high voltage accumulators which is intended to supply the high voltage circuit (14); at least one battery (24) for low voltage accumulators which is intended to supply the circuit (14) at low voltage; at least one voltage converter (26) for transferring electrical energy from the high voltage battery (20) to the low voltage battery (24) to recharge the battery (24); characterized in that the accumulators of the battery (24) at low voltage are lithium-ion type. 2. Dispositif (10) selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce que la batterie (20) à haute tension et la batterie (24) à basse tension sont enfermées dans un boîtier (64) commun dans lequel elles partagent un même dispositif (66) de commande des modules de la batterie (20) à haute tension et de la batterie (24) à basse tension.2. Device (10) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the battery (20) high voltage and the battery (24) low voltage are enclosed in a housing (64) in which they share a common device (66) ) for controlling the modules of the high voltage battery (20) and the low voltage battery (24). 3. Dispositif (10) selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce que la batterie (24) à basse tension comporte au moins quatre accumulateurs branchés en série.3. Device (10) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the battery (24) at low voltage comprises at least four accumulators connected in series. 4. Dispositif (10) selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce que la batterie (24) à basse tension comporte deux séries d'accumulateurs branchés en parallèle, chaque série d'accumulateurs comportant quatre accumulateurs branchés en série.4. Device (10) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the battery (24) low voltage comprises two series of accumulators connected in parallel, each series of accumulators comprising four accumulators connected in series. 5. Dispositif (10) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la batterie (20) à haute tension comporte au moins deux modules (22) à tension intermédiaire qui sont branchés en série.5. Device (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the battery (20) high voltage comprises at least two modules (22) with intermediate voltage which are connected in series. 6. Dispositif (10) selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins un des modules (22) de la batterie (20) à haute tension est relié à la batterie (24) basse tension par l'intermédiaire du convertisseur (26) de tension.6. Device (10) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that at least one of the modules (22) of the high voltage battery (20) is connected to the low voltage battery (24) via the converter ( 26) voltage. 7. Dispositif (10) selon la revendication précédente, 10 caractérisé en ce que chaque module (22) de la batterie à haute tension est relié à la batterie (24) basse tension par l'intermédiaire d'un convertisseur (26) de tension associé.7. Device (10) according to the preceding claim, 10 characterized in that each module (22) of the high voltage battery is connected to the battery (24) low voltage via a converter (26) voltage associated. 8. Dispositif (10) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la batterie (24) 15 à basse tension présente une tension nominale d'environ 14 V et/ou chaque module (22) de la batterie (20) à haute tension présente une tension nominale d'environ 50 V.8. Device (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the battery (24) 15 low voltage has a nominal voltage of about 14 V and / or each module (22) of the battery (20). ) at a high voltage has a nominal voltage of approximately 50 V. 9. Dispositif (10) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que chaque 20 convertisseur (26) de tension comporte un transformateur (34) permettant une isolation galvanique de la batterie (24) à basse tension par rapport à la batterie (20) à haute tension.9. Device (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each voltage converter (26) comprises a transformer (34) allowing galvanic isolation of the battery (24) at low voltage relative to the high voltage battery (20). 10. Dispositif (10) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les 25 convertisseurs (26) de tension sont des hacheurs de tension comportant au moins un étage du type "Buck" associé à un étage comportant le transformateur (34).10. Device (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the voltage converters (26) are voltage choppers comprising at least one stage of the "Buck" type associated with a stage comprising the transformer ( 34).
FR1258179A 2012-09-03 2012-09-03 Device for storage of electricity on-board of electric motor vehicle, has voltage converter transferring electrical energy from low voltage battery to high voltage battery, where cells of low voltage battery are designed in lithium-ion type Pending FR2994896A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

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FR1258179A FR2994896A1 (en) 2012-09-03 2012-09-03 Device for storage of electricity on-board of electric motor vehicle, has voltage converter transferring electrical energy from low voltage battery to high voltage battery, where cells of low voltage battery are designed in lithium-ion type

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FR1258179A FR2994896A1 (en) 2012-09-03 2012-09-03 Device for storage of electricity on-board of electric motor vehicle, has voltage converter transferring electrical energy from low voltage battery to high voltage battery, where cells of low voltage battery are designed in lithium-ion type

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FR2994896A1 true FR2994896A1 (en) 2014-03-07

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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WO2016097517A1 (en) 2014-12-18 2016-06-23 Renault S.A.S Module of primary cells and device for storing electrical energy
EP3890154A1 (en) * 2020-03-30 2021-10-06 Samsung SDI Co., Ltd. Battery system
US11420533B2 (en) 2020-03-30 2022-08-23 Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. Battery system

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US20100136390A1 (en) * 2008-11-28 2010-06-03 Hitachi, Ltd. Battery Storage System
US20110032733A1 (en) * 2009-08-05 2011-02-10 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Dc-dc converter and power supplying system including same

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20100136390A1 (en) * 2008-11-28 2010-06-03 Hitachi, Ltd. Battery Storage System
US20110032733A1 (en) * 2009-08-05 2011-02-10 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Dc-dc converter and power supplying system including same

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2016097517A1 (en) 2014-12-18 2016-06-23 Renault S.A.S Module of primary cells and device for storing electrical energy
EP3890154A1 (en) * 2020-03-30 2021-10-06 Samsung SDI Co., Ltd. Battery system
US11420533B2 (en) 2020-03-30 2022-08-23 Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. Battery system

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