FR2956154A1 - Exhaust line for internal combustion engine of motor vehicle, has pipe including ceramic foam and arranged between injection unit and catalyst, where catalytic coating of foam decomposes precursor of ammonia into ammonia in porosity of foam - Google Patents
Exhaust line for internal combustion engine of motor vehicle, has pipe including ceramic foam and arranged between injection unit and catalyst, where catalytic coating of foam decomposes precursor of ammonia into ammonia in porosity of foam Download PDFInfo
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- FR2956154A1 FR2956154A1 FR1050804A FR1050804A FR2956154A1 FR 2956154 A1 FR2956154 A1 FR 2956154A1 FR 1050804 A FR1050804 A FR 1050804A FR 1050804 A FR1050804 A FR 1050804A FR 2956154 A1 FR2956154 A1 FR 2956154A1
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- Prior art keywords
- ammonia
- zirconia
- foam
- precursor
- catalyst
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- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 94
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 5
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 title abstract description 4
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[La+3].[La+3] MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- JIKADBNXDMHWFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbamimidoylazanium;formate Chemical compound [O-]C=O.NC([NH3+])=N JIKADBNXDMHWFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910000484 niobium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910003447 praseodymium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003421 catalytic decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OWIKHYCFFJSOEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isocyanic acid Chemical compound N=C=O OWIKHYCFFJSOEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002089 NOx Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N anhydrous cyanic acid Natural products OC#N XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-amine Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C=2N=C(N)SC=2)=C1 MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000008429 bread Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008240 homogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen dioxide Inorganic materials O=[N]=O JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001149 thermolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
- F01N3/2803—Construction of catalytic reactors characterised by structure, by material or by manufacturing of catalyst support
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
- F01N2240/40—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a hydrolysis catalyst
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
- F01N2330/06—Ceramic, e.g. monoliths
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Abstract
Description
Ligne d'échappement pour un moteur à combustion interne Exhaust line for an internal combustion engine
Domaine technique de l'invention La présente invention se rapporte au domaine des dispositifs d'échappement de moteur à combustion interne et plus particulièrement à la dépollution par système catalytique. TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to the field of internal combustion engine exhaust systems and more particularly to catalytic system depollution.
Arrière-plan technologique Depuis de nombreuses années, les constructeurs de véhicules automobiles à moteur thermique font beaucoup d'efforts pour réduire l'émission dans l'atmosphère de composés chimiques nuisibles à l'environnement produits par les moteurs thermiques lors de la combustion du carburant. BACKGROUND For many years, automotive engine manufacturers have made great efforts to reduce the emission into the atmosphere of environmentally harmful chemical compounds produced by combustion engines during fuel combustion. .
Parmi ces composés, on trouve notamment le dioxyde de carbone CO2 ainsi que les oxydes d'azote, principalement le monoxyde NO et le dioxyde NO2 d'azote, désignés ensemble sous l'abréviation NON. Notons que la production d'oxydes d'azote est plus importante pour les moteurs Diesel que pour les moteurs à essence du fait de leur température de combustion plus élevée. Among these compounds, carbon dioxide CO 2 as well as nitrogen oxides, mainly NO monoxide and nitrogen dioxide NO 2, are found together with the abbreviation NO. It should be noted that the production of nitrogen oxides is greater for diesel engines than for gasoline engines because of their higher combustion temperature.
Pour limiter l'émission des oxydes d'azote dans l'atmosphère, une solution actuellement utilisée consiste à placer sur la ligne d'échappement du véhicule un système de traitement des NON, appelé système SCR (« Selective Catalytic Reduction »), ayant pour fonction de réduire chimiquement les oxydes d'azote en molécules de di-azote et en vapeur d'eau au moyen d'un agent réducteur. En pratique, l'agent réducteur est injecté dans la ligne d'échappement en amont d'un catalyseur spécifique SCR dans lequel se produit la réaction de réduction. To limit the emission of nitrogen oxides in the atmosphere, a solution currently used is to place on the exhaust system of the vehicle a system of treatment of NO, called SCR system ("Selective Catalytic Reduction") having function of chemically reducing the nitrogen oxides into di-nitrogen molecules and water vapor by means of a reducing agent. In practice, the reducing agent is injected into the exhaust line upstream of a specific catalyst SCR in which the reduction reaction occurs.
Cependant, il n'est pas envisageable d'embarquer pour des raisons de sécurité et d'autonomie de l'ammoniac gazeux ou une solution aqueuse d'ammoniac. Parmi les technologies permettant d'embarquer une source d'ammoniac, il est connu par exemple d'utiliser des précurseurs de l'ammoniac, autrement dit des solutions apte à produire, après réaction chimique de l'ammoniac gazeux. Parmi les précurseurs de l'ammoniac connus, il se trouve les solutions aqueuses d'urée ou encore les solutions de formiate de guanidinium. However, it is not possible to embark for reasons of safety and autonomy of gaseous ammonia or an aqueous solution of ammonia. Among the technologies for shipping a source of ammonia, it is known for example to use ammonia precursors, ie solutions capable of producing after chemical reaction of gaseous ammonia. Among the known ammonia precursors are aqueous solutions of urea or solutions of guanidinium formate.
Ainsi, lorsque l'on met en oeuvre une solution aqueuse d'urée, la production d'ammoniac gazeux dans les gaz d'échappement en amont du catalyseur de réduction des oxydes d'azote est obtenue à partir de la décomposition de l'urée par deux réactions successives : la thermolyse de l'urée qui produit une mole d'ammoniac et une mole d'acide isocyanique par mole d'urée, puis l'hydrolyse de l'acide isocyanique qui produit une mole d'ammoniac et une mole de gaz carbonique. Thus, when an aqueous urea solution is used, the production of gaseous ammonia in the exhaust gas upstream of the nitrogen oxide reduction catalyst is obtained from the decomposition of the urea. by two successive reactions: the thermolysis of urea which produces one mole of ammonia and one mole of isocyanic acid per mole of urea, then the hydrolysis of isocyanic acid which produces one mole of ammonia and one mole of carbon dioxide.
Cependant, la décomposition du précurseur de l'ammoniac en ammoniac nécessite de prévoir dans la ligne d'échappement une distance importante entre le point d'injection du précurseur et le catalyseur de réduction sélective afin d'obtenir la conversion totale en ammoniac et un mélange le plus abouti possible avec les gaz d'échappement. L'ensemble n'est donc pas compact et ne convient pas quand l'espace disponible dans la ligne d'échappement d'un véhicule automobile est de plus en plus contraint. However, the decomposition of the ammonia precursor into ammonia requires providing in the exhaust line a large distance between the precursor injection point and the selective reduction catalyst in order to obtain the total conversion to ammonia and a mixture. as far as possible with the exhaust. The set is not compact and is not suitable when the available space in the exhaust line of a motor vehicle is increasingly constrained.
L'invention a pour but de pallier l'inconvénient de l'art antérieur en proposant une nouvelle ligne d'échappement permettant une décomposition du précurseur de l'ammoniac et un mélange homogène avec les gaz d'échappement sur une courte distance entre le point d'injection du précurseur de l'ammoniac et la section d'entrée des gaz d'échappement dans le catalyseur de réduction sélective. The invention aims to overcome the drawback of the prior art by providing a new exhaust line for decomposition of the ammonia precursor and a homogeneous mixture with the exhaust gas over a short distance between the point injection of the ammonia precursor and the inlet section of the exhaust gas into the selective reduction catalyst.
L'invention concerne donc une ligne d'échappement pour un moteur à combustion interne comprenant un conduit principal s'étendant selon un axe longitudinal et amenant les gaz d'échappement produits par le moteur à combustion interne vers un catalyseur de réduction sélective des oxydes d'azote, des moyens d'injection d'un précurseur de l'ammoniac dans le conduit principal disposés, dans le sens de l'écoulement des gaz d'échappement, en amont du catalyseur, un mélangeur statique disposé entre les moyens d'injection et le catalyseur, caractérisée en ce que le mélangeur statique comprend une mousse céramique disposée dans le conduit principal entre les moyens d'injection et le catalyseur de réduction sélective, ladite mousse comprenant un revêtement catalytique de décomposition du précurseur de l'ammoniac en ammoniac dans la porosité de la mousse céramique. The invention therefore relates to an exhaust line for an internal combustion engine comprising a main duct extending along a longitudinal axis and bringing the exhaust gases produced by the internal combustion engine to a selective reduction catalyst for the oxides of nitrogen, means for injecting an ammonia precursor into the main pipe arranged, in the direction of the flow of the exhaust gas, upstream of the catalyst, a static mixer disposed between the injection means and the catalyst, characterized in that the static mixer comprises a ceramic foam disposed in the main conduit between the injection means and the selective reduction catalyst, said foam comprising a catalytic decomposition coating of the precursor ammonia ammonia in the porosity of the ceramic foam.
Par cette solution on combine ainsi avantageusement une intensification du mélange et une accélération de la décomposition du précurseur de l'ammoniac, ce qui autorise le rapprochement du moyen d'injection et du catalyseur de réduction sélective et donc un compactage de l'ensemble. By this solution is thus advantageously combined an intensification of the mixture and an acceleration of the decomposition of the ammonia precursor, which allows the approximation of the injection means and the selective reduction catalyst and thus compaction of the assembly.
Par ailleurs, l'invention peut comporter l'une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques suivantes : De préférence, pour des raisons économiques, la mousse céramique est à base de titane, d'alumine, de zircone ou en carbure de silicium. Furthermore, the invention may include one or more of the following features: Preferably, for economic reasons, the ceramic foam is based on titanium, alumina, zirconia or silicon carbide.
De préférence, la mousse céramique présente une porosité comprise entre 20% et 80% et de préférence encore dans cet intervalle une porosité supérieure 60%, afin d'obtenir un bon compromis entre les pertes de charges et la diffusion des gaz d'échappement et du précurseur. Preferably, the ceramic foam has a porosity of between 20% and 80% and more preferably in this range a greater porosity of 60%, in order to obtain a good compromise between the pressure losses and the diffusion of the exhaust gases and precursor.
De préférence, la mousse céramique présente, relativement à l'axe longitudinal du conduit principal, une épaisseur comprise entre 1cm et 15 cm et de préférence encore comprise entre 1 cm et 5 cm, pour plus de compacité. Preferably, the ceramic foam has, relative to the longitudinal axis of the main conduit, a thickness of between 1 cm and 15 cm and more preferably between 1 cm and 5 cm, for greater compactness.
Dans une variante les moyens d'injection d'agent réducteur comportent au moins un conduit d'amenée débouchant dans le conduit principal par au moins un orifice d'injection de précurseur de l'ammoniac, ce qui permet d'améliorer la distribution initiale de l'agent réducteur dans les gaz d'échappement, ce qui contribue à réduire la distance de mélange et de diffusion de l'agent réducteur. In a variant, the reducing agent injection means comprise at least one feed duct opening into the main duct through at least one ammonia precursor injection orifice, which makes it possible to improve the initial distribution of the feedstock. the reducing agent in the exhaust gas, which helps to reduce the mixing and diffusion distance of the reducing agent.
De préférence, le catalyseur de décomposition du précurseur de l'ammoniac est choisi parmi: -une zircone, -une zircone sulfatée, -une zircone tungstènée, -un oxyde de titane, de zircone, d'aluminium ou un mélange de ces oxydes, -un oxyde mixte zircone-praséodyme, -un alumine comprenant de l'oxyde de lanthane et dopé par du niobium ou de l'oxyde de silicium, -un oxyde zircone-silice-titane. Preferably, the ammonia precursor decomposition catalyst is chosen from: a zirconia, a sulphated zirconia, a tungsten zirconia, an oxide of titanium, zirconia or aluminum or a mixture of these oxides, a mixed zirconia-praseodymium oxide, an alumina comprising lanthanum oxide and doped with niobium or silicon oxide, a zirconia-silica-titanium oxide.
De préférence, le précurseur de l'ammoniac est choisi parmi une solution aqueuse d'urée, une solution de formiate de guanidinium. Preferably, the precursor of the ammonia is selected from an aqueous solution of urea, a solution of guanidinium formate.
Par ailleurs, l'invention a aussi pour objet un moteur à combustion interne, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une ligne d'échappement de l'invention des gaz de combustion produits par ledit moteur. Furthermore, the invention also relates to an internal combustion engine, characterized in that it comprises an exhaust line of the invention of the combustion gases produced by said engine.
Brève description des dessins D'autres particularités et avantages apparaîtront à la lecture de la description ci-après d'un mode particulier de réalisation, non limitatif de l'invention, faite en référence à la figure unique dans laquelle : - La figure 1 est une représentation schématique. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Other features and advantages will appear on reading the following description of a particular embodiment, not limiting of the invention, with reference to the single figure in which: FIG. a schematic representation.
Description détaillée 10 La figure 1 présente une portion de ligne d'échappement de gaz brûlés produits par un moteur à combustion interne, non représenté ici. La ligne d'échappement comprend un conduit 1 principal, s'étendant selon un axe longitudinal XX, dans lequel circule un flux 2 de gaz brûlés encore nommé gaz d'échappement et raccordé à un catalyseur 3 de réduction sélective (ou SCR), pour la réduction des oxydes d'azote NOx présents dans 15 les gaz d'échappement, par réaction catalytique sélective entre les NOx et un précurseur de l'ammoniac. DETAILED DESCRIPTION FIG. 1 shows an exhaust line portion of burnt gases produced by an internal combustion engine, not shown here. The exhaust line comprises a main duct 1, extending along a longitudinal axis XX, in which circulates a stream 2 of burnt gas also called exhaust gas and connected to a selective reduction catalyst 3 (or SCR), for the reduction of nitrogen oxides NOx present in the exhaust gas, by selective catalytic reaction between NOx and an ammonia precursor.
Le catalyseur 3 est doté d'une face d'entrée 4 des gaz d'échappement sensiblement perpendiculaire à l'axe longitudinal XX. 20 En amont du catalyseur 3 SCR, relativement au sens d'écoulement des gaz d'échappement, sont disposés des moyens d'injection du précurseur de l'ammoniac comprenant un conduit 5 d'amenée d'un flux 6 de précurseur de l'ammoniac. Le conduit d'amenée 5 traverse le conduit 1 principal pour déboucher dans ce dernier et permettre 25 l'injection du précurseur de l'ammoniac par un orifice d'injection 7. The catalyst 3 is provided with an inlet face 4 of the exhaust gas substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis XX. Upstream of the catalyst 3 SCR, relative to the flow direction of the exhaust gases, are arranged ammonia precursor injection means comprising a conduit 5 for feeding a precursor stream 6 of the ammonia. The feed duct 5 passes through the main duct 1 to open into the latter and allow the injection of the ammonia precursor through an injection orifice 7.
Conformément à l'invention, il est prévu de disposer dans le conduit principal 1 entre les moyens d'injection et le catalyseur 3 de réduction sélective, une mousse céramique 8, faisant office de mélangeur statique, ladite mousse céramique 8 comprenant un 30 revêtement catalytique de décomposition du précurseur de l'ammoniac en ammoniac dans la porosité de la mousse céramique. According to the invention, provision is made in the main conduit 1 between the injection means and the selective reduction catalyst 3, a ceramic foam 8 acting as a static mixer, said ceramic foam 8 comprising a catalytic coating decomposition of the ammonia precursor to ammonia in the porosity of the ceramic foam.
Cette mousse céramique 8 peut avoir la forme d'une tranche cylindrique dans le sens de l'axe longitudinal XX et vient occuper l'intégralité de la section de passage des gaz 35 d'échappement dans le conduit 1 principal.5 De préférence, pour des raisons économiques, le précurseur de l'ammoniac est une solution aqueuse d'urée ou encore une solution de formiate de guanidinium. This ceramic foam 8 may have the shape of a cylindrical slice in the direction of the longitudinal axis XX and occupy all of the exhaust gas passage section in the main conduit 1. For economic reasons, the precursor of ammonia is an aqueous solution of urea or a solution of guanidinium formate.
La tranche de mousse céramique 8 présente une face 9 d'entrée des gaz d'échappement et une face 10 de sortie des gaz d'échappement et a de préférence une épaisseur ep, prise entre ces deux faces 9, 10, selon une cote prise parallèlement à l'axe longitudinal XX, comprise entre 1 cm et 5 cm. The ceramic foam wafer 8 has an exhaust gas inlet face 9 and an exhaust gas outlet face 10 and preferably has a thickness ep, taken between these two faces 9, 10, according to a dimension taken parallel to the longitudinal axis XX, between 1 cm and 5 cm.
Afin d'utiliser une mousse céramique 8 courante et économique, de préférence, la mousse céramique 8 est à base de titane, d'alumine, de zircone ou en carbure de silicium. In order to use a current and economical ceramic foam 8, preferably, the ceramic foam 8 is based on titanium, alumina, zirconia or silicon carbide.
La face 10 de sortie de la mousse céramique 8 peut être disposée à une première distance D, de la face 4 d'entrée des gaz d'échappement dans le catalyseur 3 SCR, selon une cote prise parallèlement à l'axe longitudinal XX, pouvant être comprise entre 1 cm et 50 cm et de préférence entre 1 et 15 cm pour plus de compacité. The outlet face 10 of the ceramic foam 8 may be disposed at a first distance D from the inlet face 4 of the exhaust gas into the catalyst 3 SCR, in a dimension taken parallel to the longitudinal axis XX, which can be between 1 cm and 50 cm and preferably between 1 and 15 cm for more compactness.
L'orifice d'injection 7 de l'ammoniac peut être disposé à une seconde distance D2 de la face 9 d'entrée de la tranche de mousse céramique 8, selon une cote prise parallèlement à l'axe longitudinal XX, comprise entre 1 et 5 cm. The injection orifice 7 of the ammonia may be arranged at a second distance D2 from the inlet face 9 of the ceramic foam wafer 8, in a dimension taken parallel to the longitudinal axis XX, between 1 and 5 cm.
De préférence, le pain 8 de mousse céramique présente une porosité P comprise entre 20% et 80% et de préférence encore comprise entre 60% et 80%, afin d'obtenir un bon compromis entre les pertes de charge et la performance de mélange gaz d'échappement/ ammoniac de la mousse céramique 8. Preferably, the ceramic foam bread 8 has a porosity P of between 20% and 80% and more preferably between 60% and 80%, in order to obtain a good compromise between the pressure drops and the gas mixing performance. exhaust / ammonia of ceramic foam 8.
Par porosité P, on entend une grandeur exprimée ici en % et définie par la relation suivante : p = Vlol ù Vmc Vtol Porosity P is understood to mean a quantity expressed here in% and defined by the following relationship: p = Vlol ù Vmc Vtol
, avec Vlol, le volume total d'un échantillon de mousse céramique 8 et Vmc le volume de matière céramique contenu dans ledit échantillon. with Vlol, the total volume of a ceramic foam sample 8 and Vmc the volume of ceramic material contained in said sample.
En raison de sa porosité P, la structure interne de la mousse céramique oppose à la circulation des gaz d'échappement et de l'ammoniac une multitude d'obstacle qui favorise (1) 100 non seulement l'homogénéisation de l'ammoniac avec les gaz d'échappement mais aussi la diffusion du mélange en cours dans une direction radiale par rapport à l'axe longitudinal XX. Because of its porosity P, the internal structure of the ceramic foam opposes the flow of exhaust gases and ammonia a multitude of obstacles that promotes (1) 100 not only the homogenization of ammonia with the exhaust gas but also the diffusion of the current mixture in a radial direction relative to the longitudinal axis XX.
L'invention permet avantageusement d'obtenir un mélangeur statique rigide, de grande résistance thermique, inerte chimiquement face aux gaz d'échappement, de porosité homogène dans une direction radiale par rapport à l'axe longitudinal XX. The invention advantageously makes it possible to obtain a rigid static mixer, of high thermal resistance, chemically inert with respect to the exhaust gases, of homogeneous porosity in a radial direction with respect to the longitudinal axis XX.
Le mode de réalisation décrit en figure 1 n'est pas limitatif. Selon une variante, le dispositif de l'invention peut comprendre plusieurs conduit 5 d'amenée débouchant dans le conduit 1 principal par au moins un orifice d'injection du précurseur de l'ammoniac, afin de favoriser la répartition initiale du précurseur de l'ammoniac dans la section de passage des gaz d'échappement et de réduire encore la longueur de mélange et donc la distance globale entre les orifices d'injection du précurseur de l'ammoniac et la face 4 d'entrée du catalyseur 3 SCR. The embodiment described in FIG. 1 is not limiting. According to one variant, the device of the invention may comprise a plurality of supply ducts 5 opening into the main duct 1 via at least one orifice for injecting the ammonia precursor, in order to favor the initial distribution of the precursor of the ammonia precursor. ammonia in the exhaust gas passage section and further reduce the mixing length and thus the overall distance between the ammonia precursor injection ports and the inlet face of the catalyst 3 SCR.
Claims (9)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1050804A FR2956154B1 (en) | 2010-02-05 | 2010-02-05 | EXHAUST LINE FOR AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1050804A FR2956154B1 (en) | 2010-02-05 | 2010-02-05 | EXHAUST LINE FOR AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| FR2956154A1 true FR2956154A1 (en) | 2011-08-12 |
| FR2956154B1 FR2956154B1 (en) | 2015-02-20 |
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| FR1050804A Expired - Fee Related FR2956154B1 (en) | 2010-02-05 | 2010-02-05 | EXHAUST LINE FOR AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE |
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20090173063A1 (en) * | 2008-01-07 | 2009-07-09 | Boorse R Samuel | Mitigation of Particulates and NOx in Engine Exhaust |
| US20090205325A1 (en) * | 2008-02-19 | 2009-08-20 | Man Nutzfahrzeuge Ag | Compact Exhaust Gas Aftertreatment System |
| US20090324453A1 (en) * | 2008-06-25 | 2009-12-31 | Cummins Filtration Ip, Inc. | Catalytic Devices for Converting Urea to Ammonia |
-
2010
- 2010-02-05 FR FR1050804A patent/FR2956154B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20090173063A1 (en) * | 2008-01-07 | 2009-07-09 | Boorse R Samuel | Mitigation of Particulates and NOx in Engine Exhaust |
| US20090205325A1 (en) * | 2008-02-19 | 2009-08-20 | Man Nutzfahrzeuge Ag | Compact Exhaust Gas Aftertreatment System |
| US20090324453A1 (en) * | 2008-06-25 | 2009-12-31 | Cummins Filtration Ip, Inc. | Catalytic Devices for Converting Urea to Ammonia |
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| FR2956154B1 (en) | 2015-02-20 |
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