FR2934818A1 - HYBRID MOTORIZATION FOR A VEHICLE - Google Patents

HYBRID MOTORIZATION FOR A VEHICLE Download PDF

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Publication number
FR2934818A1
FR2934818A1 FR0855484A FR0855484A FR2934818A1 FR 2934818 A1 FR2934818 A1 FR 2934818A1 FR 0855484 A FR0855484 A FR 0855484A FR 0855484 A FR0855484 A FR 0855484A FR 2934818 A1 FR2934818 A1 FR 2934818A1
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France
Prior art keywords
vehicle
shaft
hybrid
electric motor
main shaft
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Granted
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FR0855484A
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French (fr)
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FR2934818B1 (en
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Thierry Zerbato
Pascal Duclos
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Individual
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Priority to FR0855484A priority Critical patent/FR2934818B1/en
Priority to EP09740440A priority patent/EP2310221A1/en
Priority to PCT/FR2009/051563 priority patent/WO2010015784A1/en
Publication of FR2934818A1 publication Critical patent/FR2934818A1/en
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Publication of FR2934818B1 publication Critical patent/FR2934818B1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/543—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a continuously variable transmission
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/20—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
    • B60L15/2054—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed by controlling transmissions or clutches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/52—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells characterised by DC-motors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B60K2006/4808—Electric machine connected or connectable to gearbox output shaft
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2220/00—Electrical machine types; Structures or applications thereof
    • B60L2220/10—Electrical machine types
    • B60L2220/16—DC brushless machines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/10—Vehicle control parameters
    • B60L2240/12—Speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/10—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of change-speed gearings
    • B60W10/101—Infinitely variable gearings
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

L'objet de l'invention est une motorisation hybride d'un véhicule, notamment un véhicule à vitesse modérée, comprenant au moins un moteur électrique (10) et au moins un moteur thermique (12), un premier arbre (14) relié par un variateur (18) à un deuxième arbre (16) couplé au moteur thermique (12), et au moins un arbre principal (20) entraîné par ledit premier arbre (14) par l'intermédiaire de moyens de transmission (22), ledit arbre principal (20) étant susceptible d'entraîner au moins une roue d'un véhicule, caractérisé en ce que le moteur électrique (10) est couplé directement au premier arbre (14).The object of the invention is a hybrid engine of a vehicle, in particular a moderate speed vehicle, comprising at least one electric motor (10) and at least one heat engine (12), a first shaft (14) connected by an inverter (18) to a second shaft (16) coupled to the heat engine (12), and at least one main shaft (20) driven by said first shaft (14) through transmission means (22), said main shaft (20) being capable of driving at least one wheel of a vehicle, characterized in that the electric motor (10) is coupled directly to the first shaft (14).

Description

MOTORISATION HYBRIDE DESTINEE A UN VEHICULE HYBRID MOTORIZATION FOR A VEHICLE

La présente invention est relative à une motorisation hybride destinée à un véhicule, et plus particulièrement à un véhicule à vitesse modérée. Par véhicule à vitesse modérée, c'est à dire roulant par exemple entre 50 km/h et 80km/h à vitesse maximale, on entend un véhicule léger, notamment utilitaire, un véhicule urbain, un véhicule de livraison ou de proximité... Dans une utilisation urbaine ou industrielle, l'utilisation d'un véhicule électrique apporte plusieurs avantages. Ainsi, en zone urbaine et périurbaine, le véhicule électrique contribue efficacement à réduire la pollution de l'air engendrée par les rejets des véhicules 10 à moteur à combustion de plus en plus nombreux. Ensuite, les nuisances sonores issues des bruits des véhicules de voirie, comme la collecte de déchets, le nettoyage des rues et l'entretien des espaces verts par exemple, sont considérées comme très gênantes au quotidien, notamment en raison des heures de passage desdits véhicules de voierie. 15 Le véhicule électrique ne présente pas de nuisance sonore, ce qui est très appréciable pour les habitants des moyennes et grandes villes. Comparativement à un véhicule à moteur thermique, le véhicule électrique est plus performant dans le cas des petits trajets répétitifs, tels que les applications urbaines citées ci-dessus, les collectes diverses, l'arrosage, et la 20 livraison de marchandises, ainsi que certaines applications industrielles de type maintenance ou logistique. The present invention relates to a hybrid motor for a vehicle, and more particularly to a vehicle at moderate speed. By vehicle at moderate speed, ie rolling for example between 50 km / h and 80km / h at maximum speed, means a light vehicle, including utility vehicle, a city car, a delivery vehicle or proximity ... In an urban or industrial use, the use of an electric vehicle brings several advantages. Thus, in urban and peri-urban areas, the electric vehicle contributes effectively to reducing the air pollution caused by the discharges of vehicles 10 with an increasing number of combustion engines. Then, the noise from road vehicle noise, such as garbage collection, street cleaning and maintenance of green spaces for example, are considered very troublesome everyday, especially because of the hours of passage of such vehicles of road. The electric vehicle does not present any noise nuisance, which is very appreciable for the inhabitants of medium and large cities. Compared with a thermal engine vehicle, the electric vehicle is more efficient in the case of small repetitive journeys, such as the urban applications mentioned above, various pickups, watering, and delivery of goods, as well as certain industrial applications of maintenance or logistics type.

En effet, avec un véhicule thermique utilisé en stop and go , c'est-à-dire sur des trajets courts entrecoupés d'arrêts prolongés, le moteur n'atteint jamais la température idéale pour fonctionner normalement. Plus en détails, on observe une surconsommation de 50 à 80 % pour le 1e" kilomètre, de 25 à 50 % pour le 2ème kilomètre, et enfin, à partir du hème kilomètre, la consommation devient quasi-normale. Le véhicule électrique se présente comme une solution beaucoup mieux adaptée à une utilisation en stop and go car il ne consomme pas d'énergie à l'arrêt, possède un rendement supérieur à 90 % quel que soit le régime moteur. Indeed, with a thermal vehicle used in stop and go, that is to say on short paths interspersed with prolonged stops, the engine never reaches the ideal temperature to operate normally. In more detail, there is an overconsumption of 50 to 80% for the 1st kilometer, 25 to 50% for the 2nd kilometer, and finally, from the heme kilometer, the consumption becomes almost normal. as a solution much better adapted to a use in stop and go because it does not consume energy at the stop, has a yield higher than 90% whatever the engine speed.

Donc, sur de petits trajets urbains, souvent encombrés, et parcourus en effectuant des arrêts fréquents et des manoeuvres répétitives, l'utilisation d'un véhicule à motorisation électrique est avantageuse. Cependant, les véhicules à motorisation thermique demeurent utilisés pour les trajets plus longs, étant donné l'autonomie plus élevée des moteurs thermiques. Thus, on small urban routes, often congested, and traveled by making frequent stops and repetitive maneuvers, the use of a vehicle with electric motorization is advantageous. However, heat-powered vehicles are still used for longer journeys, given the higher autonomy of the combustion engines.

Dans le cas d'une utilisation mixte, c'est-à-dire dans laquelle le véhicule doit être utilisé sur des trajets courts entrecoupés d'arrêts prolongés mais aussi sur des trajets plus longs de plusieurs kilomètres, il devient difficile de faire un choix entre une motorisation thermique et une motorisation électrique. Afin de permettre une utilisation mixte, la plupart des motorisations hybrides de l'art antérieur intègrent un dispositif d'accouplement, comparable à une boîte de vitesses, permettant d'entraîner les roues du véhicule avec le moteur électrique et/ou le moteur thermique. Généralement, un dispositif d'accouplement d'une motorisation hybride de l'art antérieur comprend un premier arbre d'entraînement couplé à un moteur électrique, un deuxième arbre d'entraînement couplé à un moteur thermique, et au moins un arbre principal susceptible d'être accouplé par des premiers, respectivement des deuxièmes, moyens de transmission au premier, respectivement au deuxième, arbre d'entraînement sous l'action de moyens de sélection pouvant prendre plusieurs positions. Qu'ils soient à fonctionnement automatique ou manuel, les moyens de sélection et les premiers et deuxièmes moyens de transmission utilisés pour la réalisation des motorisations hybrides de l'art antérieur multiplient le nombre de pièces, notamment d'engrenages, les pertes d'énergie, les risques de défaillance de la motorisation, ainsi que le coût de réalisation de ces motorisations hybrides. Aussi, la présente invention vise à pallier les inconvénients de l'art antérieur en proposant une conception simplifiée d'une motorisation hybride, et plus particulièrement d'une motorisation hybride destinée à un véhicule à vitesse modérée, permettant de profiter des avantages d'une motorisation électrique tout en s'affranchissant de ses limites en autonomie grâce à l'apport d'une motorisation thermique, et limitant le nombre de pièces, notamment d'engrenages. In the case of a mixed use, that is to say in which the vehicle must be used on short trips interspersed with prolonged stops but also on journeys longer than several kilometers, it becomes difficult to make a choice between a thermal engine and an electric motor. To allow mixed use, most of the hybrid engines of the prior art incorporate a coupling device, comparable to a gearbox, for driving the wheels of the vehicle with the electric motor and / or the engine. Generally, a coupling device of a hybrid engine of the prior art comprises a first drive shaft coupled to an electric motor, a second drive shaft coupled to a heat engine, and at least one main shaft capable of to be coupled by first, respectively second transmission means to the first and second drive shafts respectively under the action of selection means which can take several positions. Whether automatic or manual operation, the selection means and the first and second transmission means used for the production of hybrid engines of the prior art multiply the number of parts, including gears, energy losses. , the risks of motorization failure, as well as the cost of producing these hybrid powertrains. Also, the present invention aims to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art by proposing a simplified design of a hybrid engine, and more particularly of a hybrid engine for a vehicle at moderate speed, to enjoy the benefits of a electric motorization while freeing its limits in autonomy through the provision of a thermal motor, and limiting the number of parts, including gears.

A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet une motorisation hybride d'un véhicule, notamment un véhicule à vitesse modérée, comprenant au moins un moteur électrique et au moins un moteur thermique, un premier arbre relié par un variateur à un deuxième arbre entraîné par le moteur thermique, et au moins un arbre principal entraîné par ledit premier arbre par l'intermédiaire de moyens de transmission, ledit arbre principal étant susceptible d'entraîner au moins une roue d'un véhicule, et le moteur électrique étant couplé directement au premier arbre. Plus particulièrement, la présente invention a été développée afin de permettre la réalisation d'un véhicule à vitesse modérée avec une motorisation hybride simplifiée. D'autres caractéristiques et avantages ressortiront de la description qui va suivre de l'invention, description donnée à titre d'exemple uniquement, en regard de la figure unique sur laquelle est représentée la motorisation hybride dans un mode de réalisation préféré selon l'invention. Sur la figure unique, on a représenté schématiquement la conception d'une motorisation hybride selon l'invention équipant un véhicule, plus particulièrement un véhicule léger. Ainsi, ladite motorisation hybride comprend au moins un moteur électrique 10 et au moins un moteur thermique 12, un premier arbre 14 couplé au moteur électrique 10, un deuxième arbre 16 couplé au moteur thermique 12 et relié au premier arbre 14 par un variateur 18, et au moins un arbre principal 20 entraîné par ledit premier arbre 14 par l'intermédiaire de moyens de transmission 22. Ledit arbre principal 20 est destiné à entraîner au moins une roue, non représentée sur la figure, d'un véhicule et plus particulièrement un véhicule léger. Le variateur 18 permet de faire varier en fonction de la vitesse du véhicule le 15 rapport de démultiplication entre le deuxième arbre 16 couplé au moteur thermique 12 et le premier arbre 14 entraînant l'arbre principal 20. Ainsi, le variateur 18 permet au moteur thermique 12 de fournir plus de couple à basse vitesse avec une démultiplication plus grande qu'à grande vitesse. Afin de simplifier la conception de ladite motorisation hybride et grâce au 20 variateur 18 permettant de désaccoupler le premier arbre 14 du deuxième arbre 16, le moteur électrique 10 est couplé directement au premier arbre 14. On constate donc que la motorisation hybride selon l'invention favorise l'utilisation du moteur électrique 10, le moteur thermique 12 venant assister le moteur électrique 10 grâce au variateur 18. 25 Plus précisément, grâce au désaccouplement mécanique réalisé par le variateur 18 entre le premier arbre 14 et le deuxième arbre 16, on peut obtenir un fonctionnement en mode purement électrique de ladite motorisation hybride. For this purpose, the subject of the invention is a hybrid motorisation of a vehicle, in particular a vehicle at moderate speed, comprising at least one electric motor and at least one heat engine, a first shaft connected by a variator to a second driven shaft by the heat engine, and at least one main shaft driven by said first shaft via transmission means, said main shaft being capable of driving at least one wheel of a vehicle, and the electric motor being coupled directly to the first tree. More particularly, the present invention has been developed to allow the realization of a vehicle at moderate speed with a simplified hybrid engine. Other features and advantages will emerge from the following description of the invention, description given by way of example only, with reference to the single figure on which is represented the hybrid motorization in a preferred embodiment according to the invention. . In the single figure, there is shown schematically the design of a hybrid engine according to the invention equipping a vehicle, more particularly a light vehicle. Thus, said hybrid engine comprises at least one electric motor 10 and at least one heat engine 12, a first shaft 14 coupled to the electric motor 10, a second shaft 16 coupled to the heat engine 12 and connected to the first shaft 14 by a variator 18, and at least one main shaft 20 driven by said first shaft 14 by means of transmission means 22. Said main shaft 20 is intended to drive at least one wheel, not shown in the figure, of a vehicle and more particularly a light vehicle. The variator 18 makes it possible to vary, as a function of the speed of the vehicle, the gear ratio between the second shaft 16 coupled to the heat engine 12 and the first shaft 14 driving the main shaft 20. Thus, the variator 18 enables the combustion engine 12 to provide more torque at low speed with greater gear ratio than at high speed. In order to simplify the design of said hybrid motor and thanks to the variator 18 making it possible to uncouple the first shaft 14 from the second shaft 16, the electric motor 10 is coupled directly to the first shaft 14. It can thus be seen that the hybrid motorization according to the invention promotes the use of the electric motor 10, the heat engine 12 assisting the electric motor 10 through the variator 18. More precisely, thanks to the mechanical disconnection performed by the variator 18 between the first shaft 14 and the second shaft 16, it is possible to obtain operation in purely electric mode of said hybrid engine.

Avantageusement, le moteur électrique 10 est un moteur de type sans balai, tel qu'un moteur asynchrone ou synchrone à aimant permanent au rotor, piloté par des moyens 24 d'électronique de puissance, tel qu'un variateur de vitesse électronique. Ces moyens 24 d'électronique de puissance, reliés à des moyens d'alimentation 26 en énergie électrique, permettent de piloter le fonctionnement dudit moteur électrique 10 pour régler la vitesse d'entraînement de l'arbre principal 20. L'utilisation d'un moteur électrique 10 sans balais est particulièrement intéressante car il s'agit d'une machine électrique ne présentant pas de pièces de connexion, et donc de frottements, entre le rotor et le stator. Ainsi, lorsqu'il n'est plus alimenté, le moteur électrique 10 autorise un fonctionnement purement thermique de ladite motorisation hybride, c'est-à-dire un entraînement de l'arbre principal 20 uniquement par le moteur thermique 12. Advantageously, the electric motor 10 is a brushless type motor, such as an asynchronous or synchronous permanent magnet rotor motor, controlled by means 24 of power electronics, such as an electronic speed controller. These means 24 of power electronics, connected to power supply means 26 for electric power, make it possible to control the operation of said electric motor 10 to adjust the driving speed of the main shaft 20. The use of a Brushless electric motor 10 is particularly interesting because it is an electric machine having no connection parts, and therefore friction between the rotor and the stator. Thus, when it is no longer powered, the electric motor 10 allows a purely thermal operation of said hybrid engine, that is to say a drive of the main shaft 20 only by the engine 12.

Pour les besoins de la motorisation hybride selon l'invention, il est prévu des moyens électroniques 28 de pilotage du fonctionnement du moteur thermique 12. Ces moyens électroniques 28 de pilotage du moteur thermique 12 ainsi que les moyens 24 d'électronique de puissance du moteur électrique 10 forment les moyens de commande 30 électroniques de la motorisation hybride. For the purposes of the hybrid motorization according to the invention, electronic means 28 for controlling the operation of the heat engine 12 are provided. These electronic means 28 for controlling the heat engine 12 as well as the means 24 for power electronics of the engine. electrical 10 form the electronic control means 30 of the hybrid engine.

Lesdits moyens de commande 30 gèrent simultanément l'utilisation des moteurs électrique 10 et thermique 12 de manière à obtenir un fonctionnement en mode électrique, électrique/thermique ou thermique de ladite motorisation hybride avec des transitions progressives entre chaque mode. Selon des variantes de réalisation de l'invention, ces moyens de commande 30 25 électroniques des moteurs électrique 10 et thermique 12 peuvent prendre différentes formes. Par exemple, ces moyens de commande 30 peuvent consister en : une seule carte électronique indépendante, un logiciel de supervision ( ordre de marche ou d'arrêt, consigne d'accélération de couple ou de vitesse, ... ) du moteur thermique intégré aux moyens 24 d'électronique de puissance du moteur électrique 10, notamment un variateur de vitesse électronique, ou un logiciel de supervision du moteur électrique 10 intégré aux moyens électroniques 28 de pilotage du moteur thermique 12, ... Plus précisément, ces moyens de commande 30 permettent de gérer les couples d'entraînement transmis par le moteur électrique 10, respectivement le moteur thermique 12, au premier arbre 14, respectivement le deuxième arbre 16 selon une loi de commande fonction d'au moins un paramètre d'utilisation du véhicule, tel que la consigne d'accélération ou la vitesse souhaitée par l'utilisateur. Selon une première variante, la motorisation hybride est pilotée en vitesse, les moyens de commande 30 utilisant une mesure de la vitesse du véhicule pour ajuster le couple électrique, respectivement le couple thermique, fourni par le moteur électrique 10, respectivement le moteur thermique 12. Said control means 30 simultaneously manage the use of the electric and thermal motors 12 so as to obtain operation in electric, electrical / thermal or thermal mode of said hybrid motorization with progressive transitions between each mode. According to alternative embodiments of the invention, these electronic control means of the electric and thermal motors 12 can take different forms. For example, these control means 30 may consist of: a single independent electronic card, a supervision software (start or stop command, torque or speed acceleration setpoint, ...) of the integrated heat engine means 24 of power electronics of the electric motor 10, in particular an electronic speed variator, or a software for monitoring the electric motor 10 integrated with the electronic control means 28 for controlling the heat engine 12, ... More specifically, these control means 30 make it possible to manage the drive torques transmitted by the electric motor 10, respectively the heat engine 12, to the first shaft 14, respectively the second shaft 16 according to a control law that is a function of at least one parameter of use of the vehicle, such as the acceleration instruction or the speed desired by the user. According to a first variant, the hybrid motor is controlled in speed, the control means 30 using a measurement of the speed of the vehicle to adjust the electric torque, respectively the thermal torque, supplied by the electric motor 10, respectively the heat engine 12.

Selon une deuxième variante, la motorisation hybride est pilotée en couple sur la base d'une consigne d'accélération, les moyens de commande en couple du moteur électrique 10, respectivement du moteur thermique 12, faisant varier la vitesse du véhicule, ladite variation de vitesse étant fonction des couples appliqués et de l'inertie du véhicule. According to a second variant, the hybrid motor is driven in torque on the basis of an acceleration setpoint, the torque control means of the electric motor 10, respectively of the heat engine 12, varying the speed of the vehicle, said variation of speed being a function of the torques applied and the inertia of the vehicle.

Afin de permettre la conduite du véhicule, lesdits moyens de commande 30 sont reliés à des moyens 36 actionnables par l'utilisateur, tel une pédale d'accélération analogique et un commutateur de marche avant/arrière. Ladite loi de commande est prédéfinie par le constructeur ou par un dispositif approprié fourni à l'utilisateur pour adapter la gestion desdits moteurs (10,12) à au moins un paramètre d'utilisation du véhicule tel la consigne d'accélération. De plus, grâce aux moyens de commande 30, l'utilisateur n'a pas à se préoccuper du choix entre le mode de fonctionnement électrique, électrique/thermique ou thermique de la motorisation hybride, ce choix étant défini par la loi de commande et automatiquement géré par lesdits moyens de commande 30. La loi de commande définit la stratégie d'utilisation du véhicule en favorisant soit une gestion desdits moteurs visant à diminuer la pollution et utilisant donc le moins possible le moteur thermique 12, soit une gestion desdits moteurs visant à économiser l'énergie électrique et utilisant donc le moins possible le moteur électrique 10. A titre d'exemple, dans le cas d'une loi de commande prédéfinie en fonction de la vitesse du véhicule - entre 0 et 20 km/h, la motorisation hybride fonctionne en mode électrique, - entre 20 et 40 km/h, la motorisation hybride fonctionne en mode mixte électrique/thermique, l'utilisation du moteur électrique étant progressivement stoppée tandis que l'utilisation du moteur thermique augmente, - à plus de 40 km/h, la motorisation hybride fonctionne en mode thermique. Dans un mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention, les moyens 24 d'électronique de puissance du moteur électrique 10, notamment un variateur de vitesse électronique, reçoivent la consigne d'accélération de la pédale d'accélérateur et le sens de marche souhaité. Ces moyens 24, connaissant la vitesse instantanée du véhicule et d'autres paramètres liés à la stratégie d'utilisation définie par la loi de commande, transmettent un ordre de marche ou d'arrêt ainsi qu'une consigne d'accélération aux moyens électroniques 28 de pilotage du moteur thermique 12. In order to allow the driving of the vehicle, said control means 30 are connected to means 36 operable by the user, such as an analog acceleration pedal and a forward / reverse switch. Said control law is predefined by the manufacturer or by an appropriate device provided to the user to adapt the management of said engines (10,12) to at least one vehicle utilization parameter such as the acceleration instruction. In addition, thanks to the control means 30, the user does not have to worry about the choice between the electrical, electrical / thermal or thermal operating mode of the hybrid motor, this choice being defined by the control law and automatically controlled by said control means 30. The control law defines the strategy of use of the vehicle by promoting either a management of said engines to reduce pollution and thus using the least possible engine 12, or a management of said engines to save the electrical energy and therefore using the electric motor as little as possible. For example, in the case of a predefined control law depending on the speed of the vehicle - between 0 and 20 km / h, the motorization hybrid operates in electric mode, - between 20 and 40 km / h, the hybrid engine operates in mixed electric / thermal mode, the use of the electric motor is gradually stopped e while the use of the engine increases, - more than 40 km / h, the hybrid engine operates in thermal mode. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the power electronics means 24 of the electric motor 10, in particular an electronic speed variator, receive the accelerator pedal acceleration instruction and the desired direction of travel. These means 24, knowing the instantaneous speed of the vehicle and other parameters related to the use strategy defined by the control law, transmit a start or stop command as well as an acceleration instruction to the electronic means 28. operating the heat engine 12.

Toujours dans un mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention et dans un but de simplification de ladite motorisation hybride, il est important de préciser que le moteur thermique 12 est couplé directement au variateur 18 par le deuxième arbre 16, et que les moyens de transmission 22 entre l'arbre principal 20 et le premier arbre 14 sont constitués d'un engrenage non débrayable à rapport de démultiplication unique comprenant une première roue dentée 32 solidaire en translation et en rotation du premier arbre 14 et une deuxième roue dentée 34 solidaire de l'arbre principal 20. Still in a preferred embodiment of the invention and for the purpose of simplifying said hybrid engine, it is important to specify that the heat engine 12 is directly coupled to the variator 18 by the second shaft 16, and that the transmission means 22 between the main shaft 20 and the first shaft 14 consist of a non-disengageable gear with a single gear ratio comprising a first gear 32 integral in translation and in rotation with the first shaft 14 and a second gear 34 integral with the main shaft 20.

Avantageusement, ladite deuxième roue dentée 34 fait partie d'un différentiel 38 et l'arbre principal 20 est un train de roues comprenant au moins une roue à chacune de ses extrémités. A titre d'exemple, un procédé d'utilisation pour un véhicule, plus particulièrement pour un véhicule à vitesse modérée, de la motorisation hybride selon l'invention 10 consiste à : - désaccoupler le moteur thermique 12 du deuxième arbre 16 grâce au variateur 18 lors d'une utilisation du véhicule en marche arrière ou à petite vitesse de marche, les moyens 24 d'électronique de puissance permettant de facilement inverser le sens de rotation du moteur électrique 10, 15 - accoupler le moteur thermique 12 au deuxième arbre 16 grâce au variateur 18, ledit deuxième arbre 16 étant entraîné simultanément par le moteur électrique 10, pour une utilisation du véhicule à moyenne vitesse de marche, - ne plus alimenter le moteur électrique 10 et conserver l'accouplement du 20 moteur thermique 12 avec le deuxième arbre 16 grâce au variateur 18 pour une utilisation du véhicule à grande vitesse de marche. Advantageously, said second gear 34 is part of a differential 38 and the main shaft 20 is a wheel set comprising at least one wheel at each of its ends. By way of example, a method of use for a vehicle, more particularly for a vehicle at moderate speed, of the hybrid motorization according to the invention 10 consists of: uncoupling the heat engine 12 from the second shaft 16 by means of the variator 18 when using the vehicle in reverse or at low speed, the power electronics means 24 for easily reversing the direction of rotation of the electric motor 10, 15 - coupling the heat engine 12 to the second shaft 16 through to the variator 18, said second shaft 16 being simultaneously driven by the electric motor 10, for use of the medium-speed vehicle, - no longer supply the electric motor 10 and keep the coupling of the heat engine 12 with the second shaft 16 thanks to the variator 18 for use of the vehicle at high speed.

Claims (6)

REVENDICATIONS1. Motorisation hybride d'un véhicule, notamment un véhicule à vitesse modérée, comprenant au moins un moteur électrique (10) et au moins un moteur thermique (12), un premier arbre (14) relié par un variateur (18) à un deuxième arbre (16) couplé au moteur thermique (12), et au moins un arbre principal (20) entraîné par ledit premier arbre (14) par l'intermédiaire de moyens de transmission (22), ledit arbre principal (20) étant susceptible d'entraîner au moins une roue d'un véhicule, caractérisé en ce que le moteur électrique (10) est couplé directement au premier arbre (14). REVENDICATIONS1. Hybrid drive of a vehicle, in particular a moderate speed vehicle, comprising at least one electric motor (10) and at least one heat engine (12), a first shaft (14) connected by a variator (18) to a second shaft (16) coupled to the heat engine (12), and at least one main shaft (20) driven by said first shaft (14) through transmission means (22), said main shaft (20) being capable of driving at least one wheel of a vehicle, characterized in that the electric motor (10) is coupled directly to the first shaft (14). 2. Motorisation hybride d'un véhicule, notamment un véhicule à vitesse modérée, selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de transmission (22) entre l'arbre principal (20) et le premier arbre (14) sont constitués d'un engrenage non débrayable à rapport de démultiplication unique. Hybrid motorization of a vehicle, in particular a vehicle at moderate speed, according to claim 1, characterized in that the transmission means (22) between the main shaft (20) and the first shaft (14) consist of a non-disengageable gear with a unique gear ratio. 3. Motorisation hybride d'un véhicule, notamment un véhicule à vitesse modérée, selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le moteur thermique (12) est couplé directement au variateur (18) par le deuxième arbre (16). Hybrid motorization of a vehicle, in particular a vehicle at moderate speed, according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the heat engine (12) is directly coupled to the variator (18) by the second shaft (16). 4. Motorisation hybride d'un véhicule, notamment un véhicule à vitesse modérée, selon la revendication 1, 2 ou 3, caractérisé en ce que le moteur électrique (10) est de type sans balai. Hybrid motorization of a vehicle, in particular a vehicle at moderate speed, according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the electric motor (10) is of the brushless type. 5. Motorisation hybride d'un véhicule, notamment un véhicule à vitesse modérée, selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que le variateur (18) fait varier en fonction de la vitesse du véhicule le rapport de démultiplication entre le deuxième arbre (16) couplé au moteur thermique (12) et le premier arbre (14) entraînant l'arbre principal (20). 5. Hybrid motorization of a vehicle, including a vehicle at moderate speed, according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the variator (18) varies according to the speed of the vehicle the gear ratio between the second shaft (16) coupled to the heat engine (12) and the first shaft (14) driving the main shaft (20). 6. Motorisation hybride d'un véhicule, notamment un véhicule à vitesse modérée, selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de transmission (22) entre l'arbre principal (20) et le premier arbre (14) sont constitués d'un engrenage non débrayable à rapport de démultiplication unique comprenant une première roue dentée (32) solidaire en translation et en rotation du premier arbre (14) et une deuxième roue dentée (34) solidaire de l'arbre principal (20) faisant partie d'un différentiel (38) et en ce que l'arbre principal (20) est un train de roues comprenant au moins une roue à chacune de ses extrémités. Hybrid motorization of a vehicle, in particular a vehicle at moderate speed, according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the transmission means (22) between the main shaft (20) and the first shaft ( 14) consist of a non-disengageable gear with a single gear ratio comprising a first toothed wheel (32) integral in translation and in rotation with the first shaft (14) and a second gear (34) integral with the main shaft ( 20) forming part of a differential (38) and in that the main shaft (20) is a wheel train comprising at least one wheel at each end thereof.
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CN106004468A (en) * 2016-07-13 2016-10-12 艾德斯汽车电机无锡有限公司 Power driving module structure of new energy source automobile
US10780770B2 (en) 2018-10-05 2020-09-22 Polaris Industries Inc. Hybrid utility vehicle
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