FR2867732A1 - Mounting plate manufacturing method for motor vehicle, involves producing pre-form with soleplate, by extruding aluminum or aluminum alloy slug, and welding base of runners on soleplate to form cylindrical portion - Google Patents
Mounting plate manufacturing method for motor vehicle, involves producing pre-form with soleplate, by extruding aluminum or aluminum alloy slug, and welding base of runners on soleplate to form cylindrical portion Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- FR2867732A1 FR2867732A1 FR0402934A FR0402934A FR2867732A1 FR 2867732 A1 FR2867732 A1 FR 2867732A1 FR 0402934 A FR0402934 A FR 0402934A FR 0402934 A FR0402934 A FR 0402934A FR 2867732 A1 FR2867732 A1 FR 2867732A1
- Authority
- FR
- France
- Prior art keywords
- sole
- soleplate
- aluminum
- chords
- cylindrical portion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D53/00—Making other particular articles
- B21D53/88—Making other particular articles other parts for vehicles, e.g. cowlings, mudguards
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R19/00—Wheel guards; Radiator guards, e.g. grilles; Obstruction removers; Fittings damping bouncing force in collisions
- B60R19/02—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects
- B60R19/18—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects characterised by the cross-section; Means within the bumper to absorb impact
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R19/00—Wheel guards; Radiator guards, e.g. grilles; Obstruction removers; Fittings damping bouncing force in collisions
- B60R19/02—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects
- B60R19/24—Arrangements for mounting bumpers on vehicles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R19/00—Wheel guards; Radiator guards, e.g. grilles; Obstruction removers; Fittings damping bouncing force in collisions
- B60R19/02—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects
- B60R19/24—Arrangements for mounting bumpers on vehicles
- B60R19/26—Arrangements for mounting bumpers on vehicles comprising yieldable mounting means
- B60R19/34—Arrangements for mounting bumpers on vehicles comprising yieldable mounting means destroyed upon impact, e.g. one-shot type
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D25/00—Superstructure or monocoque structure sub-units; Parts or details thereof not otherwise provided for
- B62D25/08—Front or rear portions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R19/00—Wheel guards; Radiator guards, e.g. grilles; Obstruction removers; Fittings damping bouncing force in collisions
- B60R19/02—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects
- B60R19/18—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects characterised by the cross-section; Means within the bumper to absorb impact
- B60R2019/1806—Structural beams therefor, e.g. shock-absorbing
- B60R2019/1813—Structural beams therefor, e.g. shock-absorbing made of metal
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Body Structure For Vehicles (AREA)
- Vibration Dampers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
La présente invention concerne un procédé de fabrication d'au moins uneThe present invention relates to a method of manufacturing at least one
platine de support d'un absorbeur d'énergie d'un pare-chocs de véhicule automobile ainsi qu'une platine de support d'un absorbeur de chocs réalisée par un tel procédé. support plate for a motor vehicle bumper energy absorber and a support plate for a shock absorber produced by such a method.
Les constructeurs automobiles ont pour soucis d'améliorer la sécurité des passagers et de réduire l'augmentation de poids de ces véhicules. Automakers are concerned with improving passenger safety and reducing the weight gain of these vehicles.
Pour la sécurité notamment lors d'un choc frontal, les constructeurs optimisent les différentes parties du véhicule de façon à garantir un maximum d'absorption cinétique par déformation mécanique des zones éloignées de l'habitacle et à renforcer l'habitacle de façon à préserver les passagers. For safety in particular during a frontal impact, the manufacturers optimize the different parts of the vehicle so as to guarantee a maximum of kinetic absorption by mechanical deformation of the remote areas of the passenger compartment and to reinforce the passenger compartment so as to preserve the passengers.
Pour minimiser les chocs que subissent les occupants, les constructeurs utilisent de plus en plus des éléments d'absorption d'énergie disposés notamment à l'avant du véhicule et les pare-chocs doivent répondre à des normes techniques notamment en ce qui concerne la résistance aux chocs. To minimize the shocks to the occupants, manufacturers are increasingly using energy absorbing elements arranged in particular at the front of the vehicle and the bumpers must meet technical standards, particularly with regard to resistance. to shocks.
Pour cela, on connaît des absorbeurs d'énergie qui sont constitués par un corps creux métallique interposé entre un pare-chocs et l'extrémité d'un longeron de la structure du véhicule automobile. For this, energy absorbers are known which consist of a hollow metal body interposed between a bumper and the end of a spar of the structure of the motor vehicle.
Dans le but d'améliorer les capacités d'absorption d'un choc, le corps creux de l'absorbeur d'énergie peut présenter des profils particuliers, comme par exemple des profils en forme de croix à quatre branches ou un profil évasé à section étagée ou comporter des zones d'amorces de la déformation dudit corps creux en cas de choc. In order to improve the shock absorbing capacities, the hollow body of the energy absorber may have particular profiles, such as, for example, four-branched cross-section profiles or a sectional flared profile. staged or comprise primer zones of the deformation of said hollow body in case of impact.
La liaison entre l'absorbeur d'énergie et le longeron est le plus souvent réalisé par une platine qui comporte une semelle destinée à être fixée sur l'extrémité du longeron et qui est munie, sur une de ses faces, d'une portion cylindrique de fixation du corps creux de l'absorbeur d'énergie. The connection between the energy absorber and the spar is most often made by a plate which comprises a soleplate intended to be fixed on the end of the spar and which is provided on one of its faces with a cylindrical portion. fixing the hollow body of the energy absorber.
Cette platine qui est une pièce massive, est dans la plupart des cas réalisée en acier et elle présente un poids important. This platinum is a massive piece, is in most cases made of steel and it has a significant weight.
L'invention a pour but de proposer un procédé de fabrication d'une platine de support d'un absorbeur d'énergie qui permet de réduire le poids d'une telle pièce, tout en permettant d'obtenir une pièce possédant des caractéristiques mécaniques comparables aux pièces utilisées jusqu'à présent. The aim of the invention is to propose a method for manufacturing a support plate for an energy absorber which makes it possible to reduce the weight of such a part, while making it possible to obtain a part having comparable mechanical characteristics. to the parts used until now.
L'invention a donc pour objet un procédé de fabrication d'au moins une platine de support d'un absorbeur d'énergie d'un pare-chocs de véhicule automobile, du type comprenant une semelle de fixation sur l'extrémité d'un longeron et comportant un orifice central bordé sur une des faces de la plaque d'une portion cylindrique d'encastrement de l'absorbeur d'énergie, caractérisé en ce que: - on réalise par extrusion à partir d'au moins un lopin en aluminium ou en alliage d'aluminium au moins une ébauche comportant une semelle de forme correspondant sensiblement à la forme de la semelle de la platine et munie, sur l'une de ses faces, de deux membrures longitudinales et parallèles s'étendant perpendiculairement à ladite face, la hauteur des membrures étant sensiblement égale à la hauteur de la portion cylindrique et l'écartement desdites membrures étant sensiblement égales au diamètre de l'orifice, - on perce l'orifice de la semelle de l'ébauche entre les membrures, - on découpe la base des membrures de la semelle en ménageant au milieu une portion de liaison avec ladite semelle pour former, sur chaque membrure, deux portions libres séparées de la semelle et disposées de part et d'autre de ladite portion de liaison, - on recourbe chaque portion libre selon le contour de l'orifice central pour amener en contact le bord d'extrémité des portions libres des deux 25 membrures, et - on soude les bords d'extrémité adjacents entre eux et la base des portions libres des membrures sur la semelle pour former la portion cylindrique de la platine. The subject of the invention is therefore a method for manufacturing at least one support plate for an energy absorber of a motor vehicle bumper, of the type comprising a mounting plate on the end of a vehicle. spar and having a central orifice bordered on one of the faces of the plate of a cylindrical mounting portion of the energy absorber, characterized in that: - extrusion is carried out from at least one aluminum billet or in aluminum alloy at least one blank comprising a sole shape corresponding substantially to the shape of the sole plate and provided on one of its faces, two longitudinal and parallel members extending perpendicular to said face , the height of the chords being substantially equal to the height of the cylindrical portion and the spacing of said chords being substantially equal to the diameter of the orifice, the hole of the sole of the blank is drilled between the chords, the base of the chords of the sole is cut by providing in the middle a connecting portion with said sole to form, on each chord, two separate free portions of the sole and disposed on either side of said connecting portion, - bends each free portion along the contour of the central orifice to bring the end edge of the free portions of the two chords into contact, and - the adjacent end edges are welded to each other and the base of the free portions of the chords on the sole to form the cylindrical portion of the plate.
Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, la soudure est de 30 type soudure MIG. According to another characteristic of the invention, the weld is of the MIG welding type.
L'invention a aussi pour objet une platine de support d'un absorbeur d'énergie d'un pare-chocs de véhicule automobile, de type comprenant une semelle de fixation sur l'extrémité d'un longeron et comportant un orifice central bordé sur une des faces de la semelle d'une portion cylindrique d'encastrement de l'absorbeur d'énergie, caractérisée en ce qu'elle est réalisée par le procédé précédemment mentionné. The invention also relates to a support plate of a motor vehicle bumper energy absorber, of the type comprising a fastening sole on the end of a spar and having a central orifice lined on one of the faces of the sole of a cylindrical portion of embedding of the energy absorber, characterized in that it is carried out by the method mentioned above.
Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, la platine de support est en aluminium ou en alliage d'aluminium. According to another characteristic of the invention, the support plate is made of aluminum or aluminum alloy.
Les caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront au cours de la description qui va suivre, donnée à titre d'exemple et faite en référence aux dessins annexés, sur lesquels: - la Fig. 1 est une vue schématique en perspective d'une portion d'un pare-chocs avant muni d'un absorbeur d'énergie comportant une platine de support conforme à l'invention, - la Fig. 2 est une vue en perspective de la platine de support conforme à l'invention, - les Figs. 3 à 5 sont des vues en perspective montrant les différentes étapes du procédé de fabrication de la platine de support conforme à l'invention. The features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description given by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a portion of a front bumper provided with an energy absorber comprising a support plate according to the invention; FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the support plate according to the invention; FIGS. 3 to 5 are perspective views showing the various steps of the method of manufacturing the support plate according to the invention.
Sur la Fig. 1, on a représenté schématiquement un pare-chocs désigné dans son ensemble par la référence 1 qui est monté par exemple à l'avant d'un véhicule automobile par l'intermédiaire de longerons 2 parallèles et s'étendant perpendiculairement audit pare-chocs 1. Sur la Fig. 1, un seul longeron 2 a été représenté en traits mixtes, le second longeron étant disposé à l'autre extrémité du pare-chocs 1. In FIG. 1, schematically shows a bumper generally designated by the reference 1 which is mounted for example at the front of a motor vehicle via parallel members 2 and extending perpendicular to said bumper 1 In FIG. 1, a single spar 2 has been shown in phantom, the second spar being disposed at the other end of the bumper 1.
Le pare-chocs 1 est formé par une poutre 3 relié au longeron 2 25 par un absorbeur d'énergie 4 fixé sur l'extrémité du longeron 2 par l'intermédiaire d'une platine de support désignée par la référence générale 10. The bumper 1 is formed by a beam 3 connected to the spar 2 25 by an energy absorber 4 fixed on the end of the spar 2 by means of a support plate designated by the general reference 10.
Ainsi que montré à la Fig. 2, la platine de support 10 comprend une semelle 11 de fixation sur l'extrémité du longeron 2 correspondant au moyen d'organes de vissage, non représentés, qui traversent la semelle 11 par des orifices 12. 10 15 As shown in FIG. 2, the support plate 10 comprises a flange 11 for attachment to the end of the spar 2 corresponding by means of screw members, not shown, which pass through the sole 11 by orifices 12. 10 15
La semelle 11 est également percée d'un orifice central 13 qui est bordé sur une des faces de ladite semelle 11 par une portion cylindrique 14 d'encastrement de l'absorbeur d'énergie 4, ainsi que montré à la Fig. 1. The sole 11 is also pierced with a central orifice 13 which is bordered on one of the faces of said sole 11 by a cylindrical portion 14 for embedding the energy absorber 4, as shown in FIG. 1.
La platine de support 10 est réalisée en aluminium ou en alliage d'aluminium permettant ainsi d'obtenir un gain de masse sur l'ensemble du pare-chocs 1. The support plate 10 is made of aluminum or aluminum alloy thus obtaining a mass gain on the entire bumper 1.
Le procédé de fabrication d'une telle platine de support 10 comprend les étapes suivantes. The method of manufacturing such a support plate 10 comprises the following steps.
Tout d'abord, on réalise par extrusion à partir d'au moins un lopin 10 en aluminium ou en alliage d'aluminium au moins une ébauche désignée par la référence générale 15 et représentée à la Fig. 3. Firstly, at least one blank designated by the general reference 15 and shown in FIG. 5 is produced by extrusion from at least one billet of aluminum or aluminum alloy. 3.
Pour cela, on introduit en force le lopin d'aluminium ou en alliage d'aluminium dans un canal d'une filière de section correspondant à la section de l'ébauche 15 à obtenir. For this purpose, the aluminum or aluminum alloy billet is forced into a channel of a section die corresponding to the section of the blank 15 to be obtained.
Comme montré à la Fig. 3, cette ébauche 15 comprend une semelle 16 de forme correspondant sensiblement à la forme de la semelle 11 de la platine 10. Cette semelle 16 se présente sous la forme d'une plaque rectangulaire. As shown in FIG. 3, this blank 15 comprises a sole 16 of shape corresponding substantially to the shape of the sole 11 of the plate 10. This sole 16 is in the form of a rectangular plate.
La semelle 16 est munie sur l'une de ses faces de deux membrures 17 longitudinales et parallèles, s'étendant perpendiculairement à ladite face. Les membrures 17 sont situées de part et d'autre du centre C de la semelle 16 et l'écartement d desdites membrures 17 est sensiblement égal au diamètre d de l'orifice central 13 de la semelle 11 de la platine 10. Par ailleurs, la hauteur des deux membrures 17 est sensiblement égale à la longueur de la portion cylindrique 14 de la platine 10. The sole 16 is provided on one of its faces with two longitudinal and parallel ribs 17 extending perpendicularly to said face. The ribs 17 are located on either side of the center C of the sole 16 and the spacing d of said ribs 17 is substantially equal to the diameter d of the central orifice 13 of the sole plate 11 of the plate 10. Moreover, the height of the two chords 17 is substantially equal to the length of the cylindrical portion 14 of the plate 10.
Selon un mode de réalisation préférentiel, on réalise en une seule opération d'extrusion deux ébauches formées en une seule pièce. Ensuite, on sépare les deux ébauches 15 et elles sont usinées séparément. According to a preferred embodiment, two blanks formed in a single piece are produced in a single extrusion operation. Then, the two blanks 15 are separated and they are machined separately.
La réalisation de l'ébauche 15 par extrusion d'aluminium ou d'alliage d'aluminium permet d'obtenir une meilleure optimisation des épaisseurs matière puisque ce type de procédé permet de mettre la matière là où elle est utile. The production of the blank 15 by extrusion of aluminum or aluminum alloy makes it possible to obtain better optimization of the material thicknesses since this type of process makes it possible to put the material where it is useful.
Ensuite, le contour de la semelle 16 de l'ébauche 15 est usiné pour la mettre aux cotes de la semelle 11 de la platine 10 et l'orifice central 13 ainsi que les orifices 12 de fixation sur le longeron 2 sont percés, comme montré à la Fig. 4. Then, the contour of the flange 16 of the blank 15 is machined to put it next to the flange 11 of the plate 10 and the central orifice 13 and the orifices 12 for attachment to the spar 2 are drilled, as shown in FIG. 4.
Après cette opération de perçage, la base 17a des membrures 17 est découpée de la semelle 16 par un outil approprié de type connu et cette découpe est réalisée à partir des deux bords d'extrémité libres des deux membrures 17 jusqu'au centre de chacune de ces membrures 17, tout en ménageant au milieu desdites membrures 17, une portion 17b non découpée et qui permet de maintenir les membrures 17 et la semelle 16 reliées entre elles par cette portion de liaison, ainsi que représenté à la Fig. 4. After this drilling operation, the base 17a of the chords 17 is cut from the sole 16 by an appropriate tool of known type and this cut is made from the two free end edges of the two chords 17 to the center of each of these ribs 17, while providing in the middle of said ribs 17, a portion 17b uncut and which keeps the ribs 17 and the sole 16 interconnected by this connecting portion, as shown in FIG. 4.
Ensuite, les deux portions libres 18 des deux membrures 17 situées de part et d'autre de la portion 17b, sont progressivement recourbées vers le centre C de la semelle 16 de l'ébauche 15 et selon le contour circulaire de l'orifice central 13 pour amener les bords d'extrémité 18a des portions libres 18 des deux membrures 17 en contact, comme montré à la Fig. 5. Then, the two free portions 18 of the two chords 17 located on either side of the portion 17b are progressively curved towards the center C of the sole 16 of the blank 15 and in the circular contour of the central orifice 13 to bring the end edges 18a free portions 18 of the two chords 17 into contact, as shown in FIG. 5.
Les bords d'extrémité 18a adjacents sont reliés entre eux par une soudure 19 et la base 17a des membrures 17 est reliée à la semelle 16 par une soudure 20 permettant ainsi de former la portion cylindrique 14 de la platine 10. The adjacent end edges 18a are interconnected by a weld 19 and the base 17a of the ribs 17 is connected to the sole 16 by a weld 20 thereby forming the cylindrical portion 14 of the plate 10.
Les soudures 19 et 20 sont de préférence des soudures de type MIG. The welds 19 and 20 are preferably MIG welds.
La réalisation des platines de support conforme à l'invention en aluminium ou en alliage d'aluminium permet d'obtenir un gain de masse sur l'ensemble des pièces composant le pare-chocs et le procédé de fabrication de ce type de platine de support par extrusion permet de réduire les coûts de fabrication. The production of the support plates according to the invention made of aluminum or aluminum alloy makes it possible to obtain a mass saving on all the components of the bumper and the process for manufacturing this type of support plate. extrusion can reduce manufacturing costs.
Claims (4)
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0402934A FR2867732B1 (en) | 2004-03-22 | 2004-03-22 | METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A SUPPORT PLATE FOR AN ENERGY ABSORBER OF A BUMPER AND A SUPPORT PLATE OBTAINED BY SUCH A METHOD |
EP05290607A EP1595749B1 (en) | 2004-03-22 | 2005-03-18 | Method of manufacturing a support plate of shock absorber for bumper beam and support plate obtained by this method |
AT05290607T ATE384644T1 (en) | 2004-03-22 | 2005-03-18 | METHOD FOR PRODUCING A SUPPORT PLATE OF AN ENERGY ABSORBING BUMPER AND SUPPORT PLATE OBTAINED BY THIS METHOD |
DE602005004442T DE602005004442T2 (en) | 2004-03-22 | 2005-03-18 | Method for producing a carrier plate of an energy absorbing bumper and carrier plate obtained by this method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0402934A FR2867732B1 (en) | 2004-03-22 | 2004-03-22 | METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A SUPPORT PLATE FOR AN ENERGY ABSORBER OF A BUMPER AND A SUPPORT PLATE OBTAINED BY SUCH A METHOD |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
FR2867732A1 true FR2867732A1 (en) | 2005-09-23 |
FR2867732B1 FR2867732B1 (en) | 2006-06-09 |
Family
ID=34896699
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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FR0402934A Expired - Fee Related FR2867732B1 (en) | 2004-03-22 | 2004-03-22 | METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A SUPPORT PLATE FOR AN ENERGY ABSORBER OF A BUMPER AND A SUPPORT PLATE OBTAINED BY SUCH A METHOD |
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Country | Link |
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FR (1) | FR2867732B1 (en) |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6192584B1 (en) * | 1996-10-01 | 2001-02-27 | Hydro Raufoss Automotive A/ | Method for manufacturing a structural member for collison impact |
DE10145446A1 (en) * | 2000-09-14 | 2002-03-28 | Reynolds Aluminium Bv | Structure to absorb energy at a vehicle, in the event of an impact collision, has a profiled body with external ribs and a limit stop, to take up forces in the mounting on towing the vehicle without durable distortion |
US20020167183A1 (en) * | 2001-05-10 | 2002-11-14 | Om Corporation | Vehicle bumper assembly |
US20030034659A1 (en) * | 2001-08-17 | 2003-02-20 | Summe Todd L. | Taper and flare energy absorption system |
-
2004
- 2004-03-22 FR FR0402934A patent/FR2867732B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6192584B1 (en) * | 1996-10-01 | 2001-02-27 | Hydro Raufoss Automotive A/ | Method for manufacturing a structural member for collison impact |
DE10145446A1 (en) * | 2000-09-14 | 2002-03-28 | Reynolds Aluminium Bv | Structure to absorb energy at a vehicle, in the event of an impact collision, has a profiled body with external ribs and a limit stop, to take up forces in the mounting on towing the vehicle without durable distortion |
US20020167183A1 (en) * | 2001-05-10 | 2002-11-14 | Om Corporation | Vehicle bumper assembly |
US20030034659A1 (en) * | 2001-08-17 | 2003-02-20 | Summe Todd L. | Taper and flare energy absorption system |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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FR2867732B1 (en) | 2006-06-09 |
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Effective date: 20111130 |