FR2849463A1 - Access trap door for pipes and cables in buildings has one-piece fixed surround and door with stepped surfaces and fire-resistant seal - Google Patents
Access trap door for pipes and cables in buildings has one-piece fixed surround and door with stepped surfaces and fire-resistant seal Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- FR2849463A1 FR2849463A1 FR0315147A FR0315147A FR2849463A1 FR 2849463 A1 FR2849463 A1 FR 2849463A1 FR 0315147 A FR0315147 A FR 0315147A FR 0315147 A FR0315147 A FR 0315147A FR 2849463 A1 FR2849463 A1 FR 2849463A1
- Authority
- FR
- France
- Prior art keywords
- hatch
- frame
- opening
- inspection
- door
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F19/00—Other details of constructional parts for finishing work on buildings
- E04F19/08—Built-in cupboards; Masks of niches; Covers of holes enabling access to installations
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B5/00—Doors, windows, or like closures for special purposes; Border constructions therefor
- E06B5/01—Trap-doors
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Securing Of Glass Panes Or The Like (AREA)
- Specific Sealing Or Ventilating Devices For Doors And Windows (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Trappe de visite d'un nouveau typeNew type inspection hatch
La présente invention concerne une trappe de visite du type constitué d' un cadre dormant et d'une trappe ouvrante, notamment pour l'accès à des gaines techniques de construction. The present invention relates to an inspection hatch of the type consisting of a sleeping frame and an opening hatch, in particular for access to technical construction ducts.
Les gaines techniques renferment un certain nombre de conduites ou de i0 canalisations à travers lesquelles circulent des fluides de natures diverses. Du fait de la nécessité d'accéder à l'intérieur de ces gaines, en particulier pour visualiser des compteurs placés sur les conduites, les façades de ces gaines sont généralement équipées d'une trappe. Comme la circulation de ces fluides peut générer des bruits et/ou des incidents pouvant amener au développement 15 d'incendie, on est à la recherche de trappe isolante à la fois sur le plan thermique et acoustique. The technical sheaths contain a certain number of conduits or i0 conduits through which circulate fluids of various natures. Due to the need to access the interior of these sheaths, in particular to view meters placed on the pipes, the facades of these sheaths are generally equipped with a hatch. As the circulation of these fluids can generate noise and / or incidents that can lead to the development of fire, we are looking for an insulating hatch both thermally and acoustically.
Un but de la présente invention est donc de proposer une trappe de visite dont la conception permet à la trappe d'exercer une fonction de pare-feu sans nuire 20 à la facilité de montage de l'ensemble. An object of the present invention is therefore to provide an inspection hatch whose design allows the hatch to exercise a firewall function without adversely affecting the ease of assembly of the assembly.
A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet une trappe de visite du type constitué d'un cadre dormant et d'une trappe ouvrante notamment pour l'accès à des gaines techniques de construction, caractérisée en ce que le cadre dormant et la 25 trappe sont respectivement réalisés monobloc, le cadre, délimitant une ouverture à gradin pour former un plan de réception pour la trappe, laquelle présente une face interne en gradin susceptible d'être introduite dans le cadre à gradin de manière telle que la face externe de la trappe vienne en affleurement ou en retrait du plan de l'ouverture du cadre. To this end, the subject of the invention is an inspection hatch of the type consisting of a sleeping frame and an opening hatch, in particular for access to technical construction ducts, characterized in that the sleeping frame and the 25 hatch are respectively made in one piece, the frame defining a stepped opening to form a receiving plane for the hatch, which has an internal stepped face capable of being introduced into the stepped frame in such a way that the external face of the hatch comes flush or back from the plane of the frame opening.
Grâce à la conception en gradin de la trappe et du cadre et à la réalisation monobloc du cadre d'une part, de la trappe d'autre part, il en résulte une diminution des risques d'échappement des fumées à travers ladite trappe en cas d'incendie. Thanks to the tiered design of the hatch and the frame and to the one-piece construction of the frame on the one hand, of the hatch on the other hand, this results in a reduction in the risks of escape of the smoke through said hatch in the event fire.
L'invention sera bien comprise à la lecture de la description suivante d'exemples de réalisation, en référence aux dessins annexés dans lesquels: la figure 1 représente une vue en élévation d'une trappe de visite conforme à l'invention; la figure 2 représente une vue en coupe verticale de la trappe de la 10 figure 1 et la figure 3 représente une vue schématique partielle d'une trappe de visite au cours du positionnement de la trappe à l'intérieur du cadre. The invention will be clearly understood on reading the following description of exemplary embodiments, with reference to the appended drawings in which: FIG. 1 represents an elevation view of a inspection hatch according to the invention; Figure 2 shows a vertical sectional view of the hatch of Figure 1 and Figure 3 shows a partial schematic view of an inspection hatch during positioning of the hatch inside the frame.
i5 Comme mentionné ci-dessus, la trappe de visite, objet de l'invention, est constituée d'un cadre 1 dormant et d'une trappe 2 ouvrante. Cette trappe est plus particulièrement destinée à être positionnée en façade de zones techniques notamment de gaines techniques de construction. Le cadre 1 délimite une ouverture à gradin 3 pour former un plan 3A de réception pour la 20 trappe 2. Ce cadre est réalisé monobloc, l'ouverture étant de préférence réalisée par défonçage. En effet, le cadre 1 est issu d'une découpe d'un panneau aux dimensions du cadre 1, l'ouverture du cadre 1 étant formée par défonçage de la partie intérieure de la découpe de panneau. Le gradin 3 est obtenu par la réalisation, à l'intérieur de l'ouverture du cadre 1, d'une feuillure. 25 Ce cadre 1 comporte par ailleurs un rebord ou épaulement 1A périphérique externe destiné à s'appliquer sur le bord périphérique servant à la délimitation de l'ouverture de la construction à l'intérieur de laquelle vient s'insérer le cadre. i5 As mentioned above, the inspection hatch, object of the invention, consists of a frame 1 and a hatch opening 2. This hatch is more particularly intended to be positioned on the front of technical areas, in particular of technical construction ducts. The frame 1 delimits a step opening 3 to form a receiving plane 3A for the hatch 2. This frame is made in one piece, the opening preferably being made by knockout. Indeed, the frame 1 comes from a cutout of a panel with the dimensions of the frame 1, the opening of the frame 1 being formed by knocking out the interior part of the panel cutout. The step 3 is obtained by making, within the opening of the frame 1, a rebate. This frame 1 also includes an outer peripheral rim or shoulder 1A intended to be applied to the peripheral edge serving to delimit the opening of the construction inside which the frame is inserted.
La trappe présente quant à elle une face interne 2B en gradin 4 susceptible d'être introduite dans le cadre 1 à gradin 3, comme le montre la figure 3. A l'état 30 introduit dans l'ouverture, la face externe 2A de la trappe 2 vient en affleurement ou en retrait du plan de l'ouverture du cadre 1 comme l'illustre la figure 2. Ainsi, la conception monobloc de la trappe et du cadre permet une maîtrise parfaite des dimensions. As for the hatch, it has an internal face 2B in step 4 capable of being introduced into the frame 1 with step 3, as shown in FIG. 3. In the state 30 introduced into the opening, the external face 2A of the hatch 2 comes flush or recessed from the plane of the opening of the frame 1 as illustrated in FIG. 2. Thus, the one-piece design of the hatch and the frame allows perfect control of the dimensions.
Comme l'illustrent les figures 2 et 3, un joint 5 d'étanchéité, de préférence isophonique et intumescent, est interposé entre le plan 3A de réception à gradin 3 du cadre 1 et le plan 4A d'application à gradin 4 de la trappe 2. Ce 5 joint isophonique est de préférence un joint adhésif posé en fond de feuillure, à savoir sur le plan 3A de réception du cadre 1. La disposition en gradin de l'ouverture intérieure du cadre 1 et de la face 2B interne de la trappe 2 permet, à l'état assemblé des éléments, de former une chicane empêchant tout passage des fumées en direction de l'extérieur. L'étanchéité supplémentaire 1o obtenue au moyen du joint 5 renforce une telle étanchéité pour améliorer la fonction pare-feu de ladite trappe de visite. As illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3, a seal 5, preferably isophonic and intumescent, is interposed between the level 3A reception plane 3 of frame 1 and the 4A application plane with step 4 of the hatch 2. This isophonic seal 5 is preferably an adhesive seal placed at the bottom of the rebate, namely on the plane 3A for receiving the frame 1. The step arrangement of the interior opening of the frame 1 and of the internal face 2B of the hatch 2 allows, in the assembled state of the elements, to form a baffle preventing any passage of smoke towards the outside. The additional seal 1o obtained by means of the seal 5 reinforces such a seal to improve the firewall function of said inspection hatch.
Pour permettre le maintien en position de la trappe à l'intérieur du cadre et l'assemblage de la trappe au cadre, il est prévu, sur la face interne 2B du 15 panneau de trappe, au moins deux verrous 6 disposés respectivement en opposition au droit du gradin 4 de trappe 2. Chaque verrou 6 comporte à chaque fois un loquet 7 susceptible d'être déplacé radialement en direction de la face interne du cadre 1 pour maintenir assemblés les gradins 3, 4 du cadre 1 et de la trappe 2 en comprimant le joint 5 d'étanchéité. En effet, lorsque le 20 loquet est appliqué contre la face interne du cadre, il presse le plan 4A d'application à gradin de la trappe 2 contre le plan 3A du cadre 1, en comprimant le joint. L'opérateur doit donc, au moment de la fermeture d'une telle trappe de visite, exercer une pression généralement sur la face externe de la trappe parallèlement à l'actionnement des loquets 7 de manière à obtenir 25 cette compression du joint 5 d'étanchéité et autoriser un déplacement angulaire des loquets 7. To allow the hatch to be kept in position inside the frame and the hatch to be assembled to the frame, there are provided, on the internal face 2B of the hatch panel, at least two latches 6 arranged respectively in opposition to the right of the tier 4 of hatch 2. Each latch 6 each has a latch 7 capable of being moved radially in the direction of the internal face of the frame 1 to keep the tiers 3, 4 of the frame 1 and of the hatch 2 assembled. compressing the seal 5. In fact, when the latch is applied against the internal face of the frame, it presses the step application plane 4A of the hatch 2 against the plane 3A of the frame 1, compressing the joint. The operator must therefore, when closing such an inspection hatch, exert pressure generally on the external face of the hatch parallel to the actuation of the latches 7 so as to obtain this compression of the seal 5 of tightness and allow angular movement of the latches 7.
Dans les exemples représentés, chaque verrou 6 est accessible par l'une ou l'autre des faces de la trappe 2 et est actionné au moyen d'un outil tel qu'un 30 carré. L'introduction du carré dans ledit verrou génère un déplacement angulaire du loquet dans un sens ou dans l'autre en fonction du sens d'entraînement en déplacement appliqué au carré. Généralement, cadre 1 et trappe 2 sont réalisés en un complexe constitué de fibres de bois de moyenne e. densité et/ou de haute densité et d'un liant, l'ensemble ayant été pressé à haute température. Ainsi, le cadre 1 d'une part et la trappe 2 d'autre part présentent une épaisseur au moins égale à 40 mm. In the examples shown, each lock 6 is accessible by one or the other of the faces of the hatch 2 and is actuated by means of a tool such as a square. The introduction of the square into said latch generates an angular displacement of the latch in one direction or the other depending on the direction of movement displacement applied to the square. Generally, frame 1 and hatch 2 are made of a complex consisting of wood fibers of medium e. density and / or high density and a binder, the assembly having been pressed at high temperature. Thus, the frame 1 on the one hand and the hatch 2 on the other hand have a thickness at least equal to 40 mm.
Le cadre 1 et la trappe 2 peuvent alors être proposés " brut à peindre ", l'installateur choisissant lui-même une finition peinture dans une phase de travail du chantier ultérieure. The frame 1 and the hatch 2 can then be offered "rough to paint", the installer choosing a paint finish himself during a subsequent work phase.
En variante, le cadre 1 et la trappe 2 peuvent être revêtus d'un revêtement tel 10 qu'un film polymère PVC (polychlorure de vinyle), d'une épaisseur comprise entre 0,1 à 0,8 mm, de préférence 0,4 mm. Ce revêtement en film polymère, outre l'aspect fini qu'il donne à la trappe 2 et au cadre 1, leur confère également une meilleure résistance aux chocs ainsi qu'au vieillissement et une facilité d'entretien. Ce film polymère permet d'offrir en outre une gamme de 15 couleurs et d'aspect d'un large choix. As a variant, the frame 1 and the hatch 2 can be coated with a coating such as a polymer film PVC (polyvinyl chloride), with a thickness of between 0.1 to 0.8 mm, preferably 0, 4 mm. This coating in polymer film, in addition to the finished appearance which it gives to the hatch 2 and to the frame 1, also gives them better impact resistance as well as aging and ease of maintenance. This polymer film also offers a range of 15 colors and appearance of a wide choice.
Les perçages qui sont réalisés dans la trappe pour le passage des verrous peuvent être équipés de joints tubulaires. Il peut être prévu de positionner, côté face interne du cadre, un contre-cadre 8. La trappe peut quant à elle être 20 doublée sur sa face interne d'une couche d'un isolant 9, telle qu'une couche de laine de roche. The holes which are made in the hatch for the passage of the locks can be fitted with tubular seals. Provision may be made for positioning, on the inner face side of the frame, a counter frame 8. The hatch can be lined on its inner face with a layer of insulator 9, such as a layer of wool of rock.
Le montage d'une telle trappe de visite s'effectue de manière analogue aux trappes de visite traditionnelles. Ainsi, Le cadre est dans un premier temps 25 enserré dans l'ouverture de la construction jusqu'à ce que le rebord 1A périphérique du cadre 1 vienne en appui sur le pourtour de l'ouverture. Le cadre est ensuite fixé par des moyens appropriés à la construction dans laquelle il se loge. Dans les exemples représentés, ce cadre est fixé au moyen d'une équerre dont l'une des branches est vissée dans la face interne du cadre 30 tandis que l'autre branche est fixée dans la paroi de la construction. La trappe de visite, entièrement indépendante du cadre, peut alors être logée à l'intérieur du cadre. Il est à noter que ce cadre peut également être fixé à la construction à l'état fermé de la trappe. The mounting of such an inspection hatch is carried out in a similar manner to traditional inspection hatches. Thus, the frame is initially enclosed in the opening of the construction until the peripheral flange 1A of the frame 1 comes to bear on the periphery of the opening. The frame is then fixed by means appropriate to the construction in which it is housed. In the examples shown, this frame is fixed by means of a bracket, one of the branches of which is screwed into the internal face of the frame 30 while the other branch is fixed into the wall of the construction. The inspection hatch, entirely independent of the frame, can then be housed inside the frame. It should be noted that this frame can also be fixed to the construction in the closed state of the hatch.
Claims (8)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0315147A FR2849463B1 (en) | 2002-12-31 | 2003-12-22 | NEW TYPE VISIT TRAP |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0216915A FR2849462B1 (en) | 2002-12-31 | 2002-12-31 | NEW TYPE VISIT TRAP |
FR0315147A FR2849463B1 (en) | 2002-12-31 | 2003-12-22 | NEW TYPE VISIT TRAP |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
FR2849463A1 true FR2849463A1 (en) | 2004-07-02 |
FR2849463B1 FR2849463B1 (en) | 2005-06-24 |
Family
ID=32510297
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
FR0315147A Expired - Lifetime FR2849463B1 (en) | 2002-12-31 | 2003-12-22 | NEW TYPE VISIT TRAP |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
FR (1) | FR2849463B1 (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2937664A1 (en) * | 2008-10-24 | 2010-04-30 | Cofim | Opening frame i.e. hatch, locking device for access door, has bolt separated from opening frame at distance such that metal or wooden thickness of support between bolt and frame is sufficient to oppose resistance required for locking force |
EP2381050A1 (en) | 2010-04-23 | 2011-10-26 | Vincent Damour | Device for locking a leaf to a frame |
FR2974831A1 (en) * | 2011-05-04 | 2012-11-09 | Cooperative Ouvriere De Menuiserie Ebenisterie Charpente Comec Soc | Method for manufacturing inspection door utilized for providing access to utility conduits of building for visualizing meters, involves forming faces of frame units and crosspieces by set of faces provided opposite to panel |
EP1811104B1 (en) * | 2006-01-18 | 2014-03-12 | Lading Arkitekter + Konsulenter A/S | Prefabricated installation module |
FR3100832A1 (en) * | 2019-09-12 | 2021-03-19 | Five Services | non-bolted fire hatch |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE29503441U1 (en) * | 1995-03-01 | 1995-06-14 | Passavant-Werke Ag, 65326 Aarbergen | Reinforced concrete cover as single, row or surface cover |
EP0668415A1 (en) * | 1994-02-16 | 1995-08-23 | Eckart Roth | Inspection device for building walls in particular for fire resistant walls |
DE19647241A1 (en) * | 1996-01-26 | 1997-07-31 | Promat Gmbh | Access hatch for fireproof walls and ceilings |
DE10044368A1 (en) * | 2000-09-08 | 2002-04-04 | Metsystem Ag Bottmingen | Inspection cover in walls and ceilings is set in frame and each have peripheral profiles holding insulation plates with sealing arm of frame profile directly adjoining fire protection seal when cover is closed |
-
2003
- 2003-12-22 FR FR0315147A patent/FR2849463B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0668415A1 (en) * | 1994-02-16 | 1995-08-23 | Eckart Roth | Inspection device for building walls in particular for fire resistant walls |
DE29503441U1 (en) * | 1995-03-01 | 1995-06-14 | Passavant-Werke Ag, 65326 Aarbergen | Reinforced concrete cover as single, row or surface cover |
DE19647241A1 (en) * | 1996-01-26 | 1997-07-31 | Promat Gmbh | Access hatch for fireproof walls and ceilings |
DE10044368A1 (en) * | 2000-09-08 | 2002-04-04 | Metsystem Ag Bottmingen | Inspection cover in walls and ceilings is set in frame and each have peripheral profiles holding insulation plates with sealing arm of frame profile directly adjoining fire protection seal when cover is closed |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1811104B1 (en) * | 2006-01-18 | 2014-03-12 | Lading Arkitekter + Konsulenter A/S | Prefabricated installation module |
FR2937664A1 (en) * | 2008-10-24 | 2010-04-30 | Cofim | Opening frame i.e. hatch, locking device for access door, has bolt separated from opening frame at distance such that metal or wooden thickness of support between bolt and frame is sufficient to oppose resistance required for locking force |
EP2381050A1 (en) | 2010-04-23 | 2011-10-26 | Vincent Damour | Device for locking a leaf to a frame |
FR2974831A1 (en) * | 2011-05-04 | 2012-11-09 | Cooperative Ouvriere De Menuiserie Ebenisterie Charpente Comec Soc | Method for manufacturing inspection door utilized for providing access to utility conduits of building for visualizing meters, involves forming faces of frame units and crosspieces by set of faces provided opposite to panel |
FR3100832A1 (en) * | 2019-09-12 | 2021-03-19 | Five Services | non-bolted fire hatch |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2849463B1 (en) | 2005-06-24 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
FR2887917A1 (en) | INCORPORATING AND NON-APPARENT SHUTTER SYSTEM | |
EP1953326A1 (en) | Frame of a door or window with sliding opening including a hidden leaf vertical upright | |
EP1574657A2 (en) | Device preventing lifting of doors | |
FR2849463A1 (en) | Access trap door for pipes and cables in buildings has one-piece fixed surround and door with stepped surfaces and fire-resistant seal | |
EP2186985A1 (en) | Closure of a building comprising a frame with thermal-bridge breakage equipped with an L-shaped insulating profile. | |
CA2990896C (en) | Seal with magnetic fastening | |
FR3055649A1 (en) | SEPARATING ELEMENT OF A LOCAL HAVING A MEANS OF JOINING ELASTIC CORE | |
FR2742186A1 (en) | Quick assembly door joint for double swing doors | |
FR2849462A1 (en) | Inspection door for visualizing meter, has frame casing and trap-door integrated into single-piece where casing delimits sheath opening to form plan of reception for trap-door | |
EP1700994B1 (en) | Window, French window or similar with breathing frame, comprising means for establishing a fluid connection from an air gap to the exterior through an interposed profile | |
FR2967196A1 (en) | Roller blind box for placing above joinery work in building to place e.g. joinery element, has effort collecting unit including fixing element for fixing upper cross beam, where collecting unit is connected to rear face | |
EP3859118A1 (en) | Door leaf equipped with a frame with adaptable thickness | |
FR3018539A1 (en) | FRAMEWORK OF JOINERY, ASSEMBLY AND CONSTRUCTION EQUIPPED WITH SUCH A FRAMEWORK | |
FR2686370A1 (en) | STRUCTURE FOR MOUNTING DOORS, WINDOWS AND WARDROBES. | |
EP1443171A1 (en) | Sealing arrangement for a closing system of an opening with at least one sliding wing | |
FR2883895A1 (en) | Prefabricated vertical panels assembling profile for forming e.g. wall, has central flange with grooves receiving T shaped cover strip whose horizontal branches cover longitudinal edges of panels for forming wall between ground and ceiling | |
FR3014934A1 (en) | PANEL ENHANCEMENT FRAME THAT COULD BE CONNECTED BY CLOSING TO A SEALED COVER AND CEILING TRAPPER COMPRISING SUCH A BOOT FRAME | |
EP0859112B1 (en) | Window or door comprising a thin high performance insulating glazing | |
FR3055651A1 (en) | DEVICE FOR ENHANCING PROPERTY OF A SEPARATION ELEMENT OF A LOCAL, SEPARATING ELEMENT AND CORRESPONDING IMPROVING METHOD | |
EP0687791B1 (en) | Mounting of a roller shutter box on the outside of a building | |
EP3587718B1 (en) | Assembly comprising a base frame and a window frame mounted on the base frame | |
EP2314815A1 (en) | Doors, windows or the like for buildings having means for increasing their insulation | |
FR3047763A1 (en) | PANEL FOLDING AND COMPRISING AN OPENING, BUILDING FOR THIS WALL AND PROFILE FOR THIS ROOM. | |
FR3011021A1 (en) | CEILING ACCESS HATCH | |
FR3069010A1 (en) | PANEL WINDOW AND COMPRISING AN OPENER, BUILT FOR THIS ROOM AND PROFILE FOR THIS ROOM |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
CD | Change of name or company name |
Owner name: COMEC, FR Effective date: 20141209 |
|
PLFP | Fee payment |
Year of fee payment: 13 |
|
PLFP | Fee payment |
Year of fee payment: 14 |
|
PLFP | Fee payment |
Year of fee payment: 15 |
|
PLFP | Fee payment |
Year of fee payment: 17 |
|
PLFP | Fee payment |
Year of fee payment: 18 |
|
PLFP | Fee payment |
Year of fee payment: 19 |
|
PLFP | Fee payment |
Year of fee payment: 20 |