FR2840107A1 - Method for manufacturing electrodes of electrochemical generator, comprises construction of positive and negative electrodes as coaxial cables which are twisted or woven and impregnated in electrolyte - Google Patents

Method for manufacturing electrodes of electrochemical generator, comprises construction of positive and negative electrodes as coaxial cables which are twisted or woven and impregnated in electrolyte Download PDF

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FR2840107A1
FR2840107A1 FR0206270A FR0206270A FR2840107A1 FR 2840107 A1 FR2840107 A1 FR 2840107A1 FR 0206270 A FR0206270 A FR 0206270A FR 0206270 A FR0206270 A FR 0206270A FR 2840107 A1 FR2840107 A1 FR 2840107A1
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electrode
generator
negative
electrodes
positive
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FR2840107B1 (en
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Patrick Henri Marcel Lorelle
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C3M COMM
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M6/00Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M6/04Cells with aqueous electrolyte
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04Construction or manufacture in general
    • H01M10/0436Small-sized flat cells or batteries for portable equipment
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/70Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
    • H01M4/76Containers for holding the active material, e.g. tubes, capsules
    • H01M4/765Tubular type or pencil type electrodes; tubular or multitubular sheaths or covers of insulating material for said tubular-type electrodes
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M2004/022Electrodes made of one single microscopic fiber
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/70Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
    • H01M4/75Wires, rods or strips
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/70Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
    • H01M4/78Shapes other than plane or cylindrical, e.g. helical
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Cell Separators (AREA)

Abstract

In a Lithium/Manganese dioxide cell the positive electrode (12) is formed as a coaxial cable with a central Aluminum or nickel conductor (122), an intermediate layer of manganese dioxide (121) and a separator (123). Negative electrodes (11) are similarly coaxial with central copper or nickel conductor (112), layer of lithium (111) and separator (113) if the positive electrode does not include a separator

Description

\\EilRSCH6\BREVETS\Brevasl2 1 iOO\2 1192 doc - 20 nmi 2003 - 12/13 Dans le\\ EilRSCH6 \ PATENTS \ Brevasl2 1 iOO \ 2 1192 doc - 20 nmi 2003 - 12/13 In the

cadre d'etudes anterieures menees dans le domaine du marquage electronique (brevets FR93.015063/EUR97.116002.3/USA5.767.772/JAP332.819), nous avons mis a ['evidence la necessite de recourir a des sources d'energie electrique specifiques, primaires ou secondaires, dont la technologie est adaptee aux contraintes des applications des etiquettes intelligentes actives. Outre les aspects classiques de quantite d'energie embarquee et de duree de vie, ces sources d'energie doivent etre: ultra min ces, / trbs economiques a fabriquer, intelligentes, non polluantes pour l'environnement, f resistantes aux variations de temperature, souples pour s'adapter a toutes sortes de contours, etre susceptibles, dans certains cas - comme par exemple les etiquettes electroniques d' identification des poches de sang - de resister a des contraintes thermiques ou mecaniques, ces derrieres pouvant varier, suivant les applications, de la simple flexion/torsion a de fortes contraintes de vibration,  framework of previous studies conducted in the field of electronic marking (patents FR93.015063 / EUR97.116002.3 / USA5.767.772 / JAP332.819), we have highlighted the need to use specific sources of electrical energy , primary or secondary, the technology of which is adapted to the constraints of the applications of active smart labels. In addition to the conventional aspects of on-board energy quantity and lifespan, these energy sources must be: ultra min ces, / very economical to manufacture, intelligent, non-polluting for the environment, f resistant to temperature variations, flexible to adapt to all kinds of contours, being able, in certain cases - such as for example electronic labels for identifying blood bags - to withstand thermal or mechanical stresses, these backs being able to vary, according to the applications, from simple bending / twisting to high vibration stresses,

de pression ou d' acceleration.pressure or acceleration.

Les trots premieres caracteristiques precedentes - epaisseur, cout de fabrication et intelligence embarquee - nous ont amenes a developper un procede de fabrication original de generateur elementaire de pile ou d'accumulateur intelligent (brevets  The first three characteristics above - thickness, manufacturing cost and embedded intelligence - led us to develop an original manufacturing process for an elementary battery generator or intelligent accumulator (patents

FR96.05881/PCT97.00818/USA09.180.468/CAN2.254.088/JAP09.539.606).  FR96.05881 / PCT97.00818 / USA09.180.468 / CAN2.254.088 / JAP09.539.606).

La quatrieme caracteristique, relative au respect de l'environnement, nous conduirait a preferer les generateurs de type secondaire, done rechargeables, mais ces derniers ne vent pas compatibles avec le concept de ['etiquette intelligente  The fourth characteristic, relating to respect for the environment, would lead us to prefer secondary type generators, therefore rechargeable, but these are not compatible with the concept of the smart label.

active dont une caracteristique majeure est d'etre consommable.  active whose main characteristic is to be consumable.

Dans ce contexte, ['objet de ['invention est d'apporter une solution technique permettant de fabriquer des generateurs primaires << a la carte >> pour qu'en fin de vie de ['etiquette, les composants electrochimiques actifs soient completement consommes - contrairement aux batteries surdimensionnees du commerce qui constituent un risque certain de pollution - et que cette solution technique reponde aux criteres sonhaites de souplesse, tenue mecanique et resistance aux variations de  In this context, the object of the invention is to provide a technical solution making it possible to manufacture primary generators "à la carte" so that at the end of the life of the label, the active electrochemical components are completely consumed - unlike oversized commercial batteries which constitute a certain risk of pollution - and that this technical solution meets the criteria of flexibility, mechanical strength and resistance to variations in

t emperature.temperature.

Par extension, cette technique s'applique aussi aux generateurs elementaires de  By extension, this technique also applies to elementary generators of

type secondaire, done rechargeables.  secondary type, therefore rechargeable.

Dans le domaine du marquage electronique, qu'il s'agisse de securite ou de ['identification des personnel ou d'objets, il existe trots categories de produits d'identification et de detection sans contact: L'etiquette electronique passive (inductive, capacitive, par resonance - 2 magnetique, ...), Le transpondeur,  In the field of electronic marking, whether it is security or the identification of personnel or objects, there are three categories of identification and contactless detection products: The passive electronic label (inductive, capacitive, by resonance - 2 magnetic, ...), The transponder,

f L' etiquette intelligente active.f The active smart label.

Les deux premieres categories, qui ne comportent aucune source d'energie embarquee, ont une port ee limit ee a quelques dizaines de cent imitres et ne peuv ent  The first two categories, which do not include any on-board energy source, have a range limited to a few tens of one hundred imiters and cannot ent

pas enregistrer les informations en continu.  not record information continuously.

La troisibme categoric, qui nous interesse dans le cadre de ['invention, peut atteindre, grace a sa source d'energie embarquee, une portee d'une centaine de metres en radiofrequence, dans sa conception ultra mince (epaisseur <1 millimetre)  The third categorical, which interests us in the context of the invention, can reach, thanks to its on-board energy source, a range of a hundred meters in radio frequency, in its ultra thin design (thickness <1 millimeter)

et peut gerer les informations pomades.  and can manage pomades information.

Les applications de ['etiquette intelligente active vent multiples. Parmi elles, on en citera certaines comme: Le suivi de la chalne de froid pour les denrees perissables, L'identification et le suivi en temperature des poches de sang, / L'ouverture electronique des portieres et la gestion des reglages personnalises d'un vehicule,  The applications of the smart label active multiple wind. Among them, we will cite some of them such as: Monitoring the cold chain for perishable foodstuffs, Identifying and monitoring the temperature of blood bags, / Electronic opening of the doors and management of personalized settings for a vehicle,

Le controle des stocks ou le controle des accbs securises en milieu industrial.  Inventory control or control of secure access in an industrial environment.

Ces applications ont en commun le fait d'etre soumises a des contraintes environnement ales (t emp erasure, souplesse, sollicit ation s mecaniques) incompatibles avec l'utilisation d'un generateur de pile ou d'accumulateur ultra  These applications have in common the fact of being subjected to environmental constraints (temperature, flexibility, mechanical stress) incompatible with the use of a battery generator or ultra accumulator.

mince dit souple selon la technique anterieure.  thin said flexible according to the prior art.

Pour certaines d'entre elles, la juxtaposition de produits electrochimiques actifs et de produits sensibles peut aller jusqu'a presenter un risque sanitaire reel car on salt que toute paroi est permeable. Dans les cas ou le risque zero prevaut, particulibrement en termes de pollution par les materiaux electrochimiques des denrees alimentaires ou bien de risque de contamination des poches de sang,  For some of them, the juxtaposition of active electrochemical products and sensitive products can go so far as to present a real health risk because we know that any wall is permeable. In cases where zero risk prevails, particularly in terms of pollution by electrochemical materials of foodstuffs or else of risk of contamination of blood bags,

l'utilisation de piles souples doit faire ['objet d'un vein tout particulier.  the use of flexible batteries must be the subject of a particular care.

Dans la suite du texte et par souci de clarte, nous utilisons: le terme "pile" pour designer une batterie de generateurs primaires done, non rechargeables, / le terme "accumulateur" pour designer une batterie de generateurs secondaires, done rechargeables, le terme "generateur elementaire" pour designer un element (ou couple electrochimique) d'accumulateur ou de pile, pouvant, en consequence, etre  In the rest of the text and for the sake of clarity, we use: the term "battery" to designate a battery of primary generators therefore, non-rechargeable, / the term "accumulator" to designate a battery of secondary generators, therefore rechargeable, the term "elementary generator" to designate an element (or electrochemical couple) of accumulator or battery, which can, consequently, be

rechargeable ou non.rechargeable or not.

De manibre connu en soi, qu'il s'agisse de piles ou d'accumulateurs, a electrolyte liquide ou solide, a cathode polarisable ou non, a l'oxygbue ou a un autre gaz, chaque generateur elementaire est constitue d'une anode, d'une cathode, d'un electrolyte, d'un ou plusieurs separateurs, d'un botier permettant de maintenir et - 3  In a manner known per se, whether batteries or accumulators, with liquid or solid electrolyte, with polarizable cathode or not, with oxygen or with another gas, each elementary generator consists of an anode , a cathode, an electrolyte, one or more separators, a housing allowing to maintain and - 3

proteger ['ensemble, et de deux connect eurs electriques ext erieurs au moin s.  protect ['together, and two external electrical connectors at least.

Il exist e, aussi, des variant es de generateurs a circulat ion de gaz, circulation d'electrolyte, circulation d'eau de mer, mats, notre propos, ici, n'est pas de decrire  There are also variants of generators with gas circulation, electrolyte circulation, sea water circulation, mats, our purpose here is not to describe

tous les types de piles ou d'accumulateurs existants.  all types of existing batteries or accumulators.

Les piles ou les accumulateurs vent constitues de plusieurs generateurs elementaires identiques assembles, de fa,con courante, en serie mais qui, sous  Batteries or accumulators are made up of several identical elementary generators assembled, in common fashion, in series but which, under

reserve de certaines precautions, pourraient etre disposes en parallele.  subject to certain precautions, could be arranged in parallel.

Dans ltetat actuel de la technique, les piles ou accumulateurs, qu'ils soient constitues d'un seul ou de plusieurs generateurs elementaires, vent maintenus dans un boltier exterieur rigide ayant deux fonctions essentielles au fonctionnement de la pile ou de l'accumulateur: f La protection des materiaux electrochimiques vis-a-vis du milieu exterieur (et ['aspect inverse d'impermeabilite), f Le maintien des espaces mecaniques entre les differents elements, en  In the current state of the art, batteries or accumulators, whether made up of one or more elementary generators, are kept in a rigid external bolt case having two essential functions for the operation of the battery or accumulator: f The protection of electrochemical materials from the external environment (and the opposite aspect of impermeability), the maintenance of mechanical spaces between the different elements, in particular

particulier, entre les electrodes des generateurs elementaires.  particular, between the electrodes of the elementary generators.

Sans sortir du domaine de ['invention, et pour mieux la comprendre, nous nous limit erons, dans la suite du t ext e a un senl generat eur element aire, et n ous choisirons comme exemple de generateur elementaire le couple electrochimique Lithium/DiOxyde de Manganese sans, pour autant, limiter ['invention au seol  Without departing from the field of the invention, and in order to understand it better, we will limit ourselves, hereinafter to the t ext a senl generat eur element element, and we will choose as example of elementary generator the electrochemical couple Lithium / DiOxyde of Manganese without, however, limiting the invention to the soil

generateur elementaire et a ce seul couple electrochimique.  elementary generator and to this single electrochemical couple.

On volt apparatre sur le marche des piles ou accumulateurs dans des boitiers semi-rigides reserves pour ['instant, au telephone portable (voir, par exemple, les brevets EP0997955. EP1139480, WO0041263 ou EP1043782) et l'on parle de  We appear on the market of batteries or accumulators in semi-rigid cases reserved for ['instant, on the mobile phone (see, for example, patents EP0997955. EP1139480, WO0041263 or EP1043782) and we speak of

sources d'energie ultra minces, pour les etiquettes intelligentes actives.  ultra thin energy sources, for active smart labels.

Les premieres se justifient pour des raisons economiques et parce que le  The former are justified for economic reasons and because the

telephone dans loquel elles vent utilisees sert de boitier rigide.  telephone in which they are used serves as a rigid case.

Les secon des qui vent beaucoup plus exp o sees aux contraint es ext erieures - en particulier de type mecanique - relevent encore du domaine de la recherche et du  The seconds which are much more exposed to external constraints - in particular of the mechanical type - are still in the field of research and

developpement et n'ont pas fait ['objet d'une veritable industrialisation.  development and have not been the subject of a true industrialization.

La fig.1 fera mieux comprendre les difficultes rencontrees dans la fabrication  Fig. 1 will better understand the difficulties encountered in manufacturing

d'un generateur elementaire souple ultra mince.  of an ultra thin flexible elementary generator.

De facon connue en soi, le generateur elementaire de base (10) est constitue: / D'un en semble electro de negative (11), D'un ensemble electrode positive (12), D'un electrolyte (13), D'un circuit exterieur electrique (20) permettant d'alimenter une charge (C) et, pour des raisons de fabrication et d'utilisation: Un ou plusieurs separateurs (14), / Un collecteur de courant par electrode (112 & 122), parcourant les materiaux - 4 - actifs (111 & 121)  In a manner known per se, the basic elementary generator (10) is made up of: / an electro negative set (11), a positive electrode set (12), an electrolyte (13), an external electrical circuit (20) for supplying a load (C) and, for manufacturing and use reasons: One or more separators (14), / A current collector by electrode (112 & 122), traversing materials - 4 - active (111 & 121)

Une enveloppe exterieure souple (15), dans le cas present.  A flexible outer envelope (15), in this case.

Une difference de potentiel existent entre les deux electrodes, I' electrolyte a pour fonction de permettre le transfert des ions positifs de ['electrode negative vers ['electrode positive. Le circuit exterieur electrique a pour fonction d'acheminer les electrons, par l'exterieur du generateur, de ['electrode negative vers ['electrode positive, en  A potential difference exists between the two electrodes, the electrolyte has the function of allowing the transfer of positive ions from the negative electrode to the positive electrode. The function of the external electrical circuit is to convey the electrons, through the exterior of the generator, from the negative electrode to the positive electrode,

passant au travers de la charge que l'on souhaite alimenter.  passing through the load which one wishes to supply.

L' electrolyte ( 1 3) qui assure une fonction de conducteur ionique est un isolant  The electrolyte (1 3) which performs an ionic conductor function is an insulator

electrique.electric.

Le circuit exterieur de charge (20) qui assure une fonction de conducteur  The external load circuit (20) which provides a conductor function

electrique est un isolant ionique.electric is an ionic insulator.

La resistance interne du generateur elementaire etant d'autant plus faible que les electrodes vent plus rapprochees, le separateur (14) n'a d'autre fonction que d'eviter un court-circuit, par contact direct ou par migration des materiaux entre les electrodes (11 & 12), tout en les maintenant aussi proches que possible l'une de l'autre. L'enveloppe exterieure (15) maintient ['electrolyte captif et, dans le cas de notre exemple Lithium/DiOxyde de Manganese, protege le generateur elementaire  The internal resistance of the elementary generator being all the weaker as the electrodes wind closer, the separator (14) has no other function than to avoid a short circuit, by direct contact or by migration of materials between the electrodes (11 & 12), while keeping them as close as possible to each other. The external envelope (15) keeps the electrolyte captive and, in the case of our example Lithium / Manganese Dioxide, protects the elementary generator

de 1'humidite de l'air ambient et, bien sur, de tout autre type de pollution.  humidity in the ambient air and, of course, any other type of pollution.

L'impermeabilite parfaite de l'enveloppe (15) limite fortement le choix des materiaux et impose un minimum d'epaisseur en fonction du type d'application, de la duree d'utilisation du produit et de sa tenue mecanique. De fa,con connue en soi, on utilise couramment des multicouches de type Surlyn, Aluminium, Polyester dont le nombre de couches et les epaisseurs vent en rapport direct avec les objectifs de  The perfect impermeability of the envelope (15) greatly limits the choice of materials and requires a minimum of thickness depending on the type of application, the duration of use of the product and its mechanical strength. In a manner known per se, multilayers of the Surlyn, Aluminum, Polyester type are commonly used, the number of layers and the thicknesses being directly related to the objectives of

duree de vie, d'impermeabilite et de resistance mecanique du produit.  lifetime, impermeability and mechanical resistance of the product.

L'utilisation d'un botier rigide etant exclue, dans le cas d'une pile ou d'un accumulateur souple, le probleme majeur rencontre dans ce type de generateur est de maintenir, dans toutes les circonstances, les espaces mecaniques d' assemblage et  The use of a rigid case being excluded, in the case of a flexible battery or accumulator, the major problem encountered in this type of generator is to maintain, in all circumstances, the mechanical assembly spaces and

d' isolation ionique et electrique.Ionic and electrical insulation.

Un bon separateur pourra resister de maniere efficace a une pression (P), mais on peut observer, dans certains cas (fig.2), un phenomene de fluage des materiaux electrochimiques pouvant creer, en bordure du generateur (*) , un  A good separator can effectively resist pressure (P), but we can observe, in certain cases (fig. 2), a phenomenon of creep of electrochemical materials which can create, at the edge of the generator (*), a

court circuit entre les mat eriaux d'electro des ( 1 1 1 & 12 1).  short circuit between electro des materials (1 1 1 & 12 1).

,/ Ce meme phenomene de fluage pourra etre observe lorsque le generateur est soumis a de fortes accelerations centrifuges separant ainsi (ou rapprochant3 les  , / This same creep phenomenon can be observed when the generator is subjected to strong centrifugal accelerations thus separating (or bringing 3

materiaux actifs (en particulier, separation des phases liquides et solides).  active materials (in particular, separation of liquid and solid phases).

Sous l'effet de la iLlexion ou de la torsion (fig. 3), les electrodes se deforment et s'allongent conduisant a un decollement de ces derrieres, I'une par rapport a - 5  Under the effect of iLlexion or torsion (fig. 3), the electrodes deform and elongate leading to detachment of these backs, one with respect to - 5

I'autre (*), ou au niveau des collecteurs de courant.  The other (*), or at the level of the current collectors.

Au fur et a mesure de l'utilisation du generateur, ['electrode positive a tendance a prendre du volume, sans qu'aucune contrainte mecanique ne vienne s'opposer au phenomena, Toutes ces deformations ont des repercussions directes sur la resistance interne et sur les performances electrochimiques du generateur pouvant entralner, dans  As the generator is used, the positive electrode tends to gain volume, without any mechanical constraint coming to oppose the phenomenon. All these deformations have direct repercussions on the internal resistance and on the electrochemical performances of the generator which can entrain, in

certains cas, sa destruction immediate.  in some cases, its immediate destruction.

Une technique couramment retenue pour realiser une pile souple (fig.4) est de disposer entre les deux electrodes (11 & 12) du generateur (10) un electrolyte (16) sous forme de gel, compose d' electrolyte liquide retenu dans une matrice polymere  A commonly used technique for making a flexible battery (fig. 4) is to have between the two electrodes (11 & 12) of the generator (10) an electrolyte (16) in the form of a gel, composed of liquid electrolyte retained in a matrix. polymer

(voir, a titre d'exemple, et parmi bien d'autres, le brevet FR2691580 du CEA).  (see, by way of example, and among many others, CEA patent FR2691580).

Ce gel assure les fonctions: de conduction ionique / d'isolation electrique / de maintien de l'espace mecanique entre les electrodes, mais il apporte des dysfonctionnements en tent que: perturbateur electrochimique / ralentisseur ionique (entre autres, la resistance interne augmente d'autant plus que le generateur est soumis a des temperatures basses) mauvaise tenue mecanique aux flexions, torsions, pressions et arrachement  This gel provides the functions: ion conduction / electrical insulation / maintenance of the mechanical space between the electrodes, but it brings dysfunctions in tempt that: electrochemical disruptor / ionic retarder (among others, the internal resistance increases by especially as the generator is subjected to low temperatures) poor mechanical resistance to bending, twisting, pressure and tearing

/ mauvaise tenue aux temperatures elevees.  / poor resistance to high temperatures.

Le generateur souple ainsi obtenu a une plage de fonctionnement en tenue  The flexible generator thus obtained has a holding operating range

mecanique et en temperature extremement limitee.  mechanical and extremely limited temperature.

En raison de ['augmentation de la viscosite du gel, la resistance ionique augmente et les performances electriques du generateur chutent fortement en dessous de 4 C, interdisant son utilisation pour des applications a basse temperature comme celle du SUiYi de la chalne de froid ou du stockage des poches  Due to the increase in the viscosity of the gel, the ionic resistance increases and the electrical performance of the generator drops sharply below 4 C, prohibiting its use for low temperature applications such as SUiYi of the cold chain or pocket storage

de sang.of blood.

La mauvaise tenue mecanique du gel aux pressions et aux perforations peut etre comp ensee par l' utilisation d' un separat eur de type classique (non tisse, isolant electrique poreux...) mais cette solution ne resout en rien la faible resistance au  The poor mechanical resistance of the gel to pressures and perforations can be compensated for by the use of a separator of the conventional type (nonwoven, porous electrical insulator ...) but this solution does not in any way resolve the low resistance to

decollement par flexion ou torsion.detachment by bending or twisting.

Certains brevets (voir, par exemple, le brevet WO 0165624) proposent des methodes pour ameliorer la resistance au decollement, mais les resultats restent  Certain patents (see, for example, patent WO 0165624) propose methods for improving the resistance to delamination, but the results remain

3 5 limit es et ne resolv ent en aucun cas les autres faiblesses de ces generat eurs couples.  3 5 limited and in no way resolve the other weaknesses of these couple generators.

A plus fortes temperatures, c'est-a-dire au-dessus de 60 C, le gel a tendance a se fluidifier, perdant ainsi toutes ses caracteristiques mecaniques, avec deux consequences immediates: La reduction de l'espace mecanique entre les electrodes peut, en ['absence d'un - 6  At higher temperatures, that is to say above 60 C, the gel tends to thin, thus losing all its mechanical characteristics, with two immediate consequences: The reduction of the mechanical space between the electrodes can , in the absence of a - 6

autre type de separateur, mener le generateur au court-circuit.  other type of separator, lead the generator to the short circuit.

La matrice polymere ainsi fluidifiee penetre par capillarite entre les grains d'Oxyde de Manganese (dans notre exemple) et vient envelopper et isoler electriquement ch acun de ces grains rendant les electron s cap t ifs. Lorsque la temperature redescend au niveau ambient, la matrice se reconstitue partiellement et l'on observe une degradation irremediable de la resistance interne du generateur. Ceci en interdit l'utilisation pour les applications soumises, meme de fa,con occasionnelle, a ces niveaux de temperature, comme certaines applications industrielles ou simplement l'utilisation dans I'automobile (la temperature interieure d'un vehicule automobile expose en  The polymerized matrix thus fluidized penetrates by capillary action between the grains of Manganese Oxide (in our example) and comes to envelop and electrically insulate each of these grains making the electron s cap t ifs. When the temperature drops to ambient level, the matrix is partially reconstituted and an irreparable degradation of the internal resistance of the generator is observed. This prohibits its use for applications subject, even in an occasional manner, to these temperature levels, such as certain industrial applications or simply use in the automobile (the interior temperature of a motor vehicle exposed in

plein soleil peut atteindre 80 C).full sun can reach 80 C).

Enfin, de facon connue en soi, il peut etre interessant de placer une troisieme electrode (17), cite electrode de reference, dans l'espace entre ['anode (11) et la cathode (12), c'est a dire, entre deux separateurs (Fig.5), ou dans l'epaisseur de la matrice polymere (Fig.6), pour disposer d'un potentiel de reference permettant de mieux connaitre l'etat de sante du generateur elementaire. Cette troisieme electrode est particulierement utile dans le cas d'une source d'energie avec  Finally, in a manner known per se, it may be advantageous to place a third electrode (17), cited as reference electrode, in the space between the anode (11) and the cathode (12), that is to say, between two separators (Fig.5), or in the thickness of the polymer matrix (Fig.6), to have a reference potential allowing to better know the state of health of the elementary generator. This third electrode is particularly useful in the case of an energy source with

intelligence embarquee.embedded intelligence.

Une telle electrode, selon l'art anterieur, est delicate a realiser et represente une part non negligeable du cout de fabrication du generateur elementaire ce qui  Such an electrode, according to the prior art, is delicate to produce and represents a non-negligible part of the manufacturing cost of the elementary generator which

explique pourquoi ce type d' electrode n' est utilise qu' a des fins de laboratoire.  explains why this type of electrode is only used for laboratory purposes.

De plus, dans une configuration de type << sandwich (Fig.5 ou Fig.6), cette troisieme electrode conductrice gene le fonctionnement electrochimique du  In addition, in a configuration of the << sandwich (Fig.5 or Fig.6) type, this third conductive electrode interferes with the electrochemical functioning of the

generateur et ralentit la conduction ionique par effet de masque.  generator and slows down ion conduction by mask effect.

L'objet de ['invention propose un procede de fabrication original des electrodes positives et negatives d'un generateur primaire ou secondaire et leur mode d' assemblage selon une technique a memoire de forme afin de realiser un generateur primaire ou secondaire; / ultra mince, / veritablement souple, pour s'adapter a toutes sortes de contours, de fabrication economique, / resistant aux contraintes thermiques ou mecaniques, compatible avec une intelligence integree, respectueux de l'environnement, / compatible avec des applications en temperatures negatives,  The object of the invention provides an original method of manufacturing positive and negative electrodes of a primary or secondary generator and their method of assembly according to a shape memory technique in order to produce a primary or secondary generator; / ultra thin, / truly flexible, to adapt to all kinds of contours, economically manufactured, / resistant to thermal or mechanical constraints, compatible with integrated intelligence, respectful of the environment, / compatible with applications in negative temperatures ,

permettant la mise en place d'une electrode de reference gable et economique.  allowing the establishment of a gable and economical reference electrode.

Le procede selon ['invention concerne un generateur primaire ou secondaire souple a electrolyte liquide, ou les electrodes, positive et negative, vent fabriquees selon une conception filaire (anode et cathode filaires) puis assemblees selon une frame, tissee ou non tissee, ainsi que les piles ou accumulateurs obtenus a partir de  The method according to the invention relates to a flexible primary or secondary generator with liquid electrolyte, or the electrodes, positive and negative, wind manufactured according to a wired design (wired anode and cathode) then assembled according to a frame, woven or nonwoven, as well as batteries or accumulators obtained from

ces generateurs primaires ou secondaires.  these primary or secondary generators.

Cependant, un generateur et les piles ou accumulateurs fabriques selon le meme principe qui utiliseraient un autre type d' electrolyte comme, par exemple, un gel ou un plastifiant impregne d'electrolyte liquide restent du domaine de ['invention. De meme, on ne sort pas du domaine de ['invention si le generateur elementaire est obtenu a partir d'une simple juxtaposition ou d'une torsion des electrodes  However, a generator and batteries or accumulators manufactured according to the same principle which would use another type of electrolyte such as, for example, a gel or a plasticizer impregnated with liquid electrolyte remain within the scope of the invention. Likewise, we do not go outside the scope of the invention if the elementary generator is obtained from a simple juxtaposition or a twisting of the electrodes.

filaires entre elles.wired together.

La frame de ce generateur tisse ou non tisse maintient les electrodes ensemble et  The frame of this generator weaves or not weaves keeps the electrodes together and

permet d' assurer le vis-a-vis anode/cathode.  allows to ensure vis-à-vis anode / cathode.

Wile est d'autant plus souple que les electrodes filaires vent fines. Cette finesse va dans le sens d'une resistance interne falble mais peut dans certains cas, etre un obstacle a la fourniture de courants forts. Il faut alors envisager un compromis au niveau des diametres ou, de fa,con connue en soi, un assemblage de plusieurs  Wile is all the more flexible as the wire electrodes wind fine. This finesse goes in the direction of a falble internal resistance but can in certain cases be an obstacle to the supply of strong currents. It is then necessary to consider a compromise in terms of diameters or, in fa, con known per se, an assembly of several

1S generateurs en parallble.1S generators in parallel.

Cette frame a aussi pour caracteristique de garder ['electrolyte captif: / Par capillarite,  This frame also has the characteristic of keeping the electrolyte captive: / By capillarite,

Par impregnation des electrodes filaires et de leur enveloppe (separateur) .  By impregnation of the wire electrodes and their envelope (separator).

Dans ce sees, le type de frame, le serrage de la frame, la taille de la maille quand  In this sees, the type of frame, the tightening of the frame, the size of the mesh when

elle existe et son ouverture, ont toute leur importance.  it exists and its openness is of great importance.

L'invention sera mieux comprise grace a la description qui va suivre, donnee a  The invention will be better understood from the description which follows, given at

titre d'exemple non limitatif en reference aux dessins annexes dans lesquels: la figure 1 schematise ['assemblage d'un generateur elementaire (10) compose de fa,con connue d'une electrode negative (11), d'une electrode positive (12) d'un separateur (14), d'un circuit exterieur de charge (20) et d'une enveloppe souple (1S) de protection contenant ['electrolyte liquide (13). Les electrodes (11 & 12) vent respectivement constituees de materiau actif (111 & 121) et  by way of nonlimiting example with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: FIG. 1 shows diagrammatically the assembly of an elementary generator (10) composed of fa, known from a negative electrode (11), from a positive electrode ( 12) a separator (14), an external charging circuit (20) and a flexible protective casing (1S) containing the liquid electrolyte (13). The electrodes (11 & 12) are respectively made of active material (111 & 121) and

d'un collecteur de courant (112 & 122).  a current collector (112 & 122).

la figure 2 schematise, pour ce meme generateur (10), un phenombne de fluage (*), sous l'effet d'une pression exterieure (P), en peripherie du separateur (14),  FIG. 2 shows diagrammatically, for this same generator (10), a creep phenomenon (*), under the effect of an external pressure (P), on the periphery of the separator (14),

entranant un court-circuit entre les materiaux actifs (l l l & 121).  causing a short circuit between the active materials (l l l & 121).

la figure 3 schematise le decollement (*) des differentes couches (11, 12 & 14)  Figure 3 shows schematically the detachment (*) of the different layers (11, 12 & 14)

du generateur elementaire (10) aprbs pliage.  of the elementary generator (10) after folding.

/ La figure 4 represente ['assemblage d'un generateur elementaire (10) compose d'une electrode negative (1 1), d'une electrode positive (12) d'une matrice polymbre (16) faisant office de separateur, d'adhesion des couches des  / Figure 4 shows ['assembly of an elementary generator (10) composed of a negative electrode (1 1), a positive electrode (12) of a polymbre matrix (16) acting as a separator, adhesion of the layers of

electrodes entre elles et de reservoir a electrolyte selon l' art anterieur.  electrodes therebetween and electrolyte reservoir according to the prior art.

/ la figure 5 represente le generateur elementaire (10) selon la figure 1 avec une electrode de reference supplementaire (17) situee entre deux couches de - 8  / Figure 5 shows the elementary generator (10) according to Figure 1 with an additional reference electrode (17) located between two layers of - 8

separateur (14a & 14b).separator (14a & 14b).

la figure 6 represente le generateur elementaire (10) selon la figure 4 avec une electrode de reference supplementaire (17) situee dans l'epaisseur de la matrice  Figure 6 shows the elementary generator (10) according to Figure 4 with an additional reference electrode (17) located in the thickness of the matrix

polymere separatrice (16).separating polymer (16).

5./ la figure 7 represente une electrode filaire positive (12) selon ['invention, de conception coaxiale tri couche montrant le collecteur de courant (122), le  5. / FIG. 7 represents a positive wire electrode (12) according to the invention, of tri-layer coaxial design showing the current collector (122), the

materiau actif (121) et la couche separatrice (123).  active material (121) and the separating layer (123).

la figure 8 represente une electrode filaire negative (11) selon le brevet, de conception coaxiale bi couche montrant le collecteur de courant (112) et le  FIG. 8 represents a negative wire electrode (11) according to the patent, of bi-layer coaxial design showing the current collector (112) and the

materiau actif (111).active material (111).

/ la figure 9 represente une electrode filaire negative (11) selon ['invention, de conception coaxiale tri couche montrant le collecteur de courant (112), le  / Figure 9 shows a negative wire electrode (11) according to the invention, of tri-layer coaxial design showing the current collector (112), the

mat eriau actif (111) et la couche separatrice (113).  active material (111) and the separating layer (113).

/ la figure 10 represente un generateur elementaire (10) obtenu selon ['invention par simple torsade des deux electrodes negative et positive (11 & 12) selon les  / Figure 10 shows an elementary generator (10) obtained according to the invention by simple twisting of the two negative and positive electrodes (11 & 12) according to the

figures 7 et 8 ou 7 et 9.Figures 7 and 8 or 7 and 9.

/ la figure 11 represente un generateur elementaire (10) obtenu selon ['invention par simple torsade d'une electrode de reference (17) et des electrodes negative  / Figure 11 shows an elementary generator (10) obtained according to the invention by simple twisting of a reference electrode (17) and negative electrodes

et p ositive (11 & 12) selon les figures 7 et 9.  and positive (11 & 12) according to Figures 7 and 9.

*/ la figure 12 schematise le generateur elementaire (10) selon ['invention obtenu par tramage tisse ou non tisse des electrodes negative et positive (11 & 12)  * / Figure 12 shows schematically the elementary generator (10) according to the invention obtained by dithering weaves or not weaves negative and positive electrodes (11 & 12)

selon les figures 7 et 8 ou 7 et 9.according to Figures 7 and 8 or 7 and 9.

la figure 13 schematise le generateur elementaire (10) selon ['invention obtenu par tramage tisse ou non tisse d'une electrode de reference (17) et des  Figure 13 shows schematically the elementary generator (10) according to the invention obtained by weaving or not weaving a reference electrode (17) and

electrodes negative et positive (11 & 12) selon les figures 7 & 9.  negative and positive electrodes (11 & 12) according to figures 7 & 9.

L'invention a pour objet le procede de fabrication des electrodes, positive et negative, selon un concept filaire continu, le generateur elementaire obtenu par assemblage de ces electrodes filaires par torsade ou sous la forme d'une frame tissee ou non tissee ainsi que les piles ou accumulateurs obtenus a partir de ces  The subject of the invention is the method of manufacturing electrodes, positive and negative, according to a continuous wire concept, the elementary generator obtained by assembling these wire electrodes by twist or in the form of a woven or nonwoven frame as well as the batteries or accumulators obtained from these

generateurs elementaires, primaires ou secondaires.  elementary, primary or secondary generators.

Selon ['invention, ['electrode positive (Fig.7) est construite a la maniere d'un coaxial (12) ou toutes les fonctionnalites mecaniques, electriques ioniques et electrochimiques se retrouvent dans la section: Au centre, un conducteur (122) assure la circulation des electrons et la tenue mecanique de ['ensemble du fil d'electrode (exemple pour une cellule MnO2/Li: fil AL ou Ni du cote de l'oxyde de Manganese) En couche intermediaire (121), le materiau electrochimique actif (exemple pour une cellule MnO2/Li: Dioxyde de Manganese) / En peripherie (123), le separateur assurant l'enveloppe exterieure, la conductibilite ionique et la separation electrique et mecanique avec l'autre electrode. Dans certains cas, il est interessant que cette enveloppe ait des caracteristiques de soudabilite pour assurer une meilleure tenue de la frame aux  According to the invention, the positive electrode (Fig. 7) is constructed in the manner of a coaxial (12) where all the mechanical, ionic and electrochemical functionalities are found in the section: In the center, a conductor (122) ensures the circulation of electrons and the mechanical behavior of the entire electrode wire (example for an MnO2 / Li cell: AL or Ni wire on the Manganese oxide side) In the intermediate layer (121), the electrochemical material active (example for an MnO2 cell / Li: Manganese dioxide) / On the periphery (123), the separator ensuring the external envelope, the ionic conductivity and the electrical and mechanical separation with the other electrode. In certain cases, it is interesting that this envelope has characteristics of weldability to ensure a better resistance of the frame to

points de contact entre les electrodes filaires.  contact points between the wire electrodes.

Cette enveloppe exterieure peut etre une matrice polymere, une structure tissee ou non tissee ou bien un mixte de plusieurs techniques, dans la mesure ou cette  This outer envelope may be a polymer matrix, a woven or non-woven structure or a mixture of several techniques, insofar as this

enveloppe exterieure garantie les fonctions du separateur electrochimique.  external envelope guarantees the functions of the electrochemical separator.

De mOme, selon un premier mode de ['invention, ['electrode negative (Fig.) est construite a la maniere d'un coaxial (11) ou les fonctionnalites mecaniques, electriques, ioniques et electrochimiques se retrouvent dans la section: / Au centre, un conducteur (112) assure la circulation des electrons et la tenue mecanique de ltensemble du fil d'electrode (exemple pour une cellule MnO21Li: fil Cu ou Ni du cote de ['electrode Lithium) / En couche p eripherique ( 1 1 1), le mat eriau electrochimique actif (exemple pour une cellule MnO2/Li: Lithium) Dans notre exemple, il faut noter que compte tenu des caracteristiques physiques du Lithium (metal conducteur), l'ame en cuivre ou en nickel ne semble pas indispensable pour la conduction electrique. Cependant ce conducteur central permet d' ameliorer le comportement mecanique du fil de Lithium et d' eviter ['interruption du circuit electrique lorsque, a un endroit particulier, tous les ions  Similarly, according to a first mode of the invention, the negative electrode (Fig.) Is constructed in the manner of a coaxial (11) where the mechanical, electrical, ionic and electrochemical functionalities are found in the section: / Au center, a conductor (112) ensures the circulation of electrons and the mechanical behavior of the entire electrode wire (example for a MnO21Li cell: Cu or Ni wire on the side of the Lithium electrode) / In peripheral layer (1 1 1), the active electrochemical material (example for an MnO2 / Li cell: Lithium) In our example, it should be noted that taking into account the physical characteristics of Lithium (conductive metal), the copper or nickel core does not seem essential for electrical conduction. However, this central conductor makes it possible to improve the mechanical behavior of the lithium wire and to avoid the interruption of the electrical circuit when, at a particular place, all the ions

Lithium ont migre vers l'autre electrode.  Lithium migrated to the other electrode.

Dans ces conditions, une telle electrode qui ne comporterait aucun conducteur  Under these conditions, such an electrode which would not include any conductor

central reste du domaine de ['invention.  central remains within the scope of the invention.

On ne sort pas du domaine de ['invention si le conducteur central est multibrin, multicouche ou utilise plusieurs materiaux et il en va de meme des differentes  We do not go outside the scope of the invention if the central conductor is multi-strand, multi-layer or uses several materials and the same applies to different

couches successives constituent les electrodes.  successive layers constitute the electrodes.

Dans ce premier mode de ['invention, on a choisi que ['electrode positive (12) soit tri couche et ['electrode negative bi-couche. I1 s'agit d'un mode preferential pour des raisons de facilite de fabrication de ['electrode positive, mais ['inverse  In this first mode of the invention, it has been chosen that the positive electrode (12) is three-layer and the negative electrode is two-layer. It is a preferential mode for reasons of ease of manufacturing the positive electrode, but the reverse

serait aussi fonctionnel.would also be functional.

Selon un deuxieme mode de ['invention, ['electrode negative (Fig.9) est construite a la maniere d'un coaxial (11), selon le mode precedent, avec une couche peripherique supplementaire (113): v Au centre, un conducteur (112) assure la circulation des electrons et la tenue mecanique de ['ensemble du fil d'electrode (exemple pour une cellule MnO2/Li: fil Cu ou Ni du cote de ['electrode Lithium) f En couche intermediaire (111), le materiau electrochimique actif (exemple pour une cellule MnO2/Li: Lithium) En peripherie (113), le separateur sert d'enveloppe exterieure, assure la - 10 conductibilite ionique et la separation electrique et mecanique avec l'autre electrode Cette enveloppe exterieure peut etre une matrice polymbre, une structure tissee ou non tissee ou bien un mixte de plusieurs techniques, dans la mesure ou cette enveloppe exterieure garantie les fonctions du separateur electrochimique. Dans ce deuxieme mode de ['invention, cette enveloppe exterieure supplementaire (1 13) presente plusieurs avantages: Wile peut avoir des caracteristiques de soudabilite avec ltenveloppe exterieure  According to a second mode of the invention, the negative electrode (Fig. 9) is constructed in the manner of a coaxial (11), according to the preceding mode, with an additional peripheral layer (113): v In the center, a conductor (112) ensures the circulation of electrons and the mechanical behavior of the entire electrode wire (example for an MnO2 / Li cell: Cu or Ni wire on the side of the Lithium electrode) f In intermediate layer (111) , the active electrochemical material (example for a MnO2 / Li: Lithium cell) At the periphery (113), the separator serves as an external envelope, ensures the ionic conductivity and the electrical and mechanical separation with the other electrode This external envelope can be a polymbre matrix, a woven or nonwoven structure or a mixture of several techniques, insofar as this external envelope guarantees the functions of the electrochemical separator. In this second embodiment of the invention, this additional external envelope (1 13) has several advantages: Wile can have weldability characteristics with the external envelope

(123) de l'autre electrode.(123) of the other electrode.

Les couches exterieures (113) et (123) peuvent presenter des caracteristiques similaires ou complementaires pour augmenter la resistance du generateur  The outer layers (113) and (123) may have similar or complementary characteristics to increase the resistance of the generator

elementaire aux fortes contraintes de pression, de flexion ou de torsion.  elementary with strong stresses of pressure, bending or torsion.

Enfin, elle permet dtintercaler dans la frame un simple fil conducteur pour  Finally, it allows to insert in the frame a simple connecting thread for

servir d' electrode de reference (fil de Lithium dans notre cas).  serve as a reference electrode (Lithium wire in our case).

De fa,con simple (Fig.10), on obtient un generateur elementaire de pile ou d'accumulateur (10) en torsadant entre elles les electrodes negative et positive (11 & 12), en impregnant ltensemble d'electrolyte liquide et en maintenant le tout a l' abri du milieu ambient, a l' interieur d'une enveloppe souple, impermeable et resistante mecaniquement (multicouche Surlyn/film metallique/Polyester, par  In simple terms (Fig. 10), an elementary battery or accumulator generator (10) is obtained by twisting the negative and positive electrodes (11 & 12) together, impregnating the set of liquid electrolyte and maintaining all protected from the ambient environment, inside a flexible, waterproof and mechanically resistant envelope (multilayer Surlyn / metallic film / Polyester, by

exemple).example).

De facon connue en soi, ['impregnation du generateur elementaire se fait apres un vice prealable afin que ['electrolyte liquide penitre au plus profond de la  In a manner known per se, the impregnation of the elementary generator is done after a prior defect so that the liquid electrolyte penetrates deep into the

structuredes materiaux actifs et des separateurs.  structured active materials and separators.

De la meme facon (Fig.12), on obtient un generateur elementaire de pile ou d'accumulateur (10) en realisant une frame tissee ou non tissee ou une des electrodes (11 & 12) constitue le fil de frame et l'autre, le fil de chane, en impregnant la frame ainsi obtenue d' electrolyte liquide et en maintenant le tout a l'abri du milieu ambient, a l'interieur d'une enveloppe souple, impermeable et resistante mecaniquement (multicouche Surlyn/film metallique/Polyester, par  In the same way (Fig.12), we obtain an elementary battery or accumulator generator (10) by making a woven or nonwoven frame where one of the electrodes (11 & 12) constitutes the frame wire and the other , the chain wire, by impregnating the frame thus obtained with liquid electrolyte and by keeping everything sheltered from the ambient environment, inside a flexible, waterproof and mechanically resistant envelope (multilayer Surlyn / metallic film / Polyester, per

exemple).example).

Cependant, un generateur elementaire et les piles ou accumulateurs fabriques selon le meme principe qui utiliseraient une combinaison de ces techniques ou des  However, an elementary generator and batteries or accumulators manufactured according to the same principle which would use a combination of these techniques or

techniques d' assemblage similaires restent du domaine de ['invention.  Similar assembly techniques remain within the scope of the invention.

De meme, on ne sort pas du domaine de ['invention si la section des electrodes, positive et negative, n'est pas parfaitement cylindrique mats, aplatie, ovale, triangulaire, etc. On prefirera une section legirement aplatie, soit du fil d'electrode, soit par calandrage de la frame apres assemblage, pour augmenter les  Likewise, one does not go outside the scope of the invention if the section of the electrodes, positive and negative, is not perfectly cylindrical, flat, oval, triangular, etc. We prefer a slightly flattened section, either of electrode wire, or by calendering the frame after assembly, to increase the

surfaces d'echange electrochimique.electrochemical exchange surfaces.

Selon un autre mode de ['invention (Fig.ll) on realise une troisibme electrode - 11 dans un generateur de pile ou d'accumulateur (10) en intercalant, de facon simple et economique, dans la frame de ce generateur, un fil conducteur (17) pour servir d'electrode de reference ou: / L'electrode positive (12) est conforme a la figure 7, / L' elect ro de n egat iv e ( 1 1) est con forme a la figure 9, L'electrode de reference (17), dans notre exemple, est un simple fil de lithium avec, eventuellement, une ame centrale pour en ameliorer le comportement mecanique (dans ce cas, le fil central peut ne pas 8tre conducteur car ['electrode  According to another mode of the invention (Fig.ll) a third electrode - 11 is produced in a battery or accumulator generator (10) by intercalating, in a simple and economical way, in the frame of this generator, a wire conductor (17) to serve as a reference electrode where: / The positive electrode (12) conforms to FIG. 7, / The negativ e electro (1 1) is conformed to FIG. 9, The reference electrode (17), in our example, is a simple lithium wire with, possibly, a central core to improve its mechanical behavior (in this case, the central wire may not be conductive because ['electrode

de reference n'a aucune fonction electrochimique).  has no electrochemical function).

On obtient (Fig.13) un generateur elementaire de pile ou d'accumulateur (10) en realisant une frame - tissee ou non tissee - ou une des electrodes (11 & 12) constitue le fil de frame l'autre, le fil de chaine, et en intercalant, de facon simple et economique, dans la frame de ce generateur, un fil conducteur (17) pour servir  We obtain (Fig. 13) an elementary battery or accumulator generator (10) by making a frame - woven or not woven - where one of the electrodes (11 & 12) constitutes the frame wire the other, the chain, and by inserting, in a simple and economical way, in the frame of this generator, a conducting wire (17) to serve

d'electrode de reference.of reference electrode.

Les generateurs elementaires ainsi obtenus vent alors assembles de facon connue  The elementary generators thus obtained are then assembled in a known manner

en soi en serie ou en parallele ou bien en combinaison des deux.  per se in series or in parallel or in combination of the two.

De m8me, ['invention est parfaitement compatible avec tout type de cellule electrochimique comme le couple electrochimique Zinc-Air, particulierementinteressant pour la facilite de son declenchement, ou le couple Cu-Zn, pour la  Likewise, the invention is perfectly compatible with any type of electrochemical cell such as the Zinc-Air electrochemical couple, particularly interesting for the ease of triggering it, or the Cu-Zn couple, for the

protection de l'environnement.Environmental Protection.

L'interOt de ['invention est sa simplicite de mise en ccovre et son cout  The advantage of the invention is its simplicity of implementation and its cost

econ omlque.econ omlque.

Du cOte Lithium (dans notre exemple), la fabrication de ['electrode filaire peut se faire en continu par laminage, depOt chimique, depat sous vice, simple electrolyse... sur une ame conductrice, puis trempage dans un bain pour constituer  From the Lithium side (in our example), the manufacture of the wire electrode can be done continuously by rolling, chemical deposition, deposition under vice, simple electrolysis ... on a conductive core, then soaking in a bath to constitute

la gain e separatrice et passage dans une filiere pour la mise en forme et le sechage.  the gain separator and passage through a die for shaping and drying.

Du cate Dioxyde de Manganese (dans notre exemple), la fabrication est un peu plus complexe, plus particulierement dans la fixation des grains d'oxyde de Manganese sur le conducteur central. On obtiendra cet accrochage par pression mecanique (frittage) soit directement sur le conducteur central soit en utilisant un adhesif ou p lastifiant conduct eur dont la fon ct ion est de facilit er t emporairement l' assemblage. I1 peut 8tre interessant que le conducteur central soit multibrin presentant des espaces entre les brins dans lesquels le materiau actif va pouvoir se loger. L'enveloppe exterieure peut ensuite 8tre obtenue de facon similaire par trempage dans un bain puis passage dans une filiere pour la mise en forme et le sechage.  Manganese dioxide cate (in our example), the manufacturing is a little more complex, more particularly in the fixing of the Manganese oxide grains on the central conductor. This attachment will be obtained by mechanical pressure (sintering) either directly on the central conductor or by using an adhesive or conductive elastifier whose function is to facilitate assembly. It may be interesting that the central conductor is multi-strand presenting spaces between the strands in which the active material will be able to be housed. The outer casing can then be obtained in a similar manner by soaking in a bath and then passing through a die for shaping and drying.

Ces modes de realisation vent donnes a titre indicatif mais tout autre type de  These embodiments are given for information but any other type of

procede industrial, comme ['extrusion, la fabrication de la gain e exterieure - 12  industrial process, like [extrusion, manufacturing of external gain - 12

(separateur) par tissage etc., conduirait au m8me resultat.  (separator) by weaving etc., would lead to the same result.

Un autre interdt de ['invention est que ['assemblage des composants se fait a sec >> et done qutil n'existe pas de difference de potentiel pendant le procede de fabrication, particulierement pendant ['assemblage de la frame du generateur  Another prohibition of the invention is that the assembly of the components is done dry >> and therefore that there is no difference in potential during the manufacturing process, particularly during the assembly of the generator frame

S elementaire.Basic.

Contrairement aux matrices polymeres chargees en electrolyte, la mise en tension ne se fait qu'en fin de processus de fabrication, au moment de ['impregnation de la frame, une fois qu'elle est placee dans son enveloppe et que  Unlike the polymer matrices charged with electrolyte, the tensioning takes place only at the end of the manufacturing process, at the time of the impregnation of the frame, once it is placed in its envelope and

toutes les connexions vent realisees.  all wind connections made.

Le produit final obtenu est une source d'energie elementaire ultra mince, souple et resistante mecaniquement et les piles ou accumulateurs obtenus a partir de ces  The final product obtained is an ultra-thin, flexible and mechanically resistant elementary energy source and the batteries or accumulators obtained from these

sources d'energie elementaires.basic energy sources.

Ces sources d'energie peuvent etre tres facilement integrees dans une etiquette intelligente active ou m8me integrees dans des vetements sans pour autant g8ner  These energy sources can be very easily integrated into an active smart label or even integrated into clothing without hampering

ceux qui les portent.those who wear them.

Wiles peuvent prendre toutes les formes, toutes les dimensions, toutes les  Wiles can take any shape, any size, any

capacites et vent constituees d' elements standard et economiques a fabriquer.  capacities and wind made up of standard and economical elements to manufacture.

Enfin, les principes de tissage permettent de degager des zones exclusives de fil de frames ou de fils de chalne sur lesquelles il est alors possible de connecter un composant intelligent (capteur, puce) directement aux collecteurs de courants, prealablement decapes des mat eriaux act ifs, selon le procede original de generat eur elementaire de pile ou d'accumulateur intelligent expose anterieurement (brevets  Finally, the weaving principles make it possible to release exclusive zones of frame wire or chalne son on which it is then possible to connect an intelligent component (sensor, chip) directly to the current collectors, previously deceded from the active materials. , according to the original process of eur elementary generator or intelligent accumulator exposed previously (patents

FR96.0588 1/PCT97.008 1 8/USAO9. 1 80.468/CAN2.254.088/IAPO9.539.606).  FR96.0588 1 / PCT97.008 1 8 / USAO9. 1 80.468 / CAN2.254.088 / IAPO9.539.606).

- 13- 13

Claims (9)

REVENDICAT IONSIONS CLAIMS 1. Procede de fabrication et d' assemblage des electrodes negative et positive (11 & 12) d'un generateur elementaire electrochimique (10) primaire ou secondaire caracterise en ce que ces electrodes (11,12) vent construites selon une structure filaire coaxiale continue ou les fonctionnalites mecaniques, electriques, ioniques et electrochimiques se trouvent reparties dans la section du  1. Method for manufacturing and assembling negative and positive electrodes (11 & 12) of a primary or secondary electrochemical elementary generator (10) characterized in that these electrodes (11,12) are constructed according to a continuous coaxial wire structure where the mechanical, electrical, ionic and electrochemical functionalities are distributed in the section of fil composite ainsi obtenu.composite yarn thus obtained. 2. Procede selon la revendication precedente caracterise en ce qu'on obtient de facon simple un generateur elementaire souple de pile ou d'accumulateur (10) en torsadant entre elles ou en assemblant sous forme d'une frame tissee ou non tissee les electrodes negative et positive (11, 12), en impregnant ['ensemble d'un electrolyte (13) et en maintenant le tout a l'abri du milieu ambient, a l'interieur d'une enveloppe (15) souple, impermeable et resistante 1necaniquement.  2. Method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that a flexible elementary generator of battery or accumulator (10) is obtained in a simple manner by twisting them or by assembling in the form of a woven or non-woven frame the negative electrodes. and positive (11, 12), by impregnating the whole of an electrolyte (13) and keeping everything sheltered from the ambient environment, inside a flexible (impermeable and mechanically resistant) envelope (15) . 3 Procede selon l'une quelconque des revendications precedentes caracterise en  3 Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in ce que ['electrode positive (12) est construite a la maniere d'un coaxial continu comportant un conducteur central (122), le materiau electrochimique actif  that the positive electrode (12) is constructed in the form of a continuous coaxial comprising a central conductor (122), the active electrochemical material (121) en couche intermediaire et le separateur (123) en couche peripherique.  (121) in the intermediate layer and the separator (123) in the peripheral layer. 4. Procede selon l'une quelconque des revendications precedentes caracterise en  4. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in ce que ['electrode negative (11) est construite a la maniere d'un coaxial continu comportant un conducteur central (112), le materiau electrochimique actif  that the negative electrode (11) is constructed in the form of a continuous coaxial comprising a central conductor (112), the active electrochemical material (111) en couche intermediaire et le separateur (113) en couche peripherique.  (111) in the intermediate layer and the separator (113) in the peripheral layer. 5. Procede selon les revendications 1 a 4 caracterise en ce qu'on realise une  5. Method according to claims 1 to 4 characterized in that one realizes a troisieme electrode dans un generateur de pile ou d'accumulateur (10) en intercalant, de facon simple et economique, dans la frame de ce generateur, un  third electrode in a battery or accumulator generator (10) by intercalating, in a simple and economical way, in the frame of this generator, a fil conducteur (17) pour servir d'electrode de reference.  lead wire (17) to serve as a reference electrode. 6 Procede selon l'une quelconque des revendications precedentes caracterise en  6 Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in ce que les electrodes negative et positive (11,12) vent soudees entre elles au niveau des enveloppes peripheriques (113,123) pour ameliorer la tenue  that the negative and positive electrodes (11,12) are welded together at the peripheral envelopes (113,123) to improve the holding mecanique de la structure.mechanics of the structure. 7. Procede selon les revendications 1 a 4 caracterise en ce que ['electrode  7. Method according to claims 1 to 4 characterized in that ['electrode negative (11) ne comporte pas de separateur (113) en couche peripherique.  negative (11) does not have a separator (113) in the peripheral layer. 8. Procede selon les revendications 1 a 4 caracterise en ce que ['electrode  8. Method according to claims 1 to 4 characterized in that ['electrode positive (12) ne comporte pas de separateur (123) en couche peripherique.  positive (12) does not include a separator (123) in the peripheral layer. 9 Procede selon l'une quelconque des revendications precedentes caracterise en  9 Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in ce que les electrodes negative et positive (11,12) vent laminees entre elles pour  what the negative and positive electrodes (11,12) are laminated together to augmenter les surfaces d'echange electrochimique.  increase the electrochemical exchange surfaces. - 14- 14 lo. Procede selon l'une quelconque des revendications precedentes caracterise en  lo. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in ce que la frame tissee ou non tissee des electrodes negative et positive (11,12) ne laisse apparatre que le fil de frame ou que le fil de chaine pour degager l'un ou l'autre des collecteurs de courant sur lequel on vient connecter un composant electronique. 1 I. Procede selon l'une quelconque des rev endications precedentes caract erise en ce qu'il s'applique a tout type de pile ou d'accumulateur et a tout type de  what the woven or non-woven frame of negative and positive electrodes (11,12) only lets appear the frame wire or the chain wire to release one or the other of the current collectors to which we just connect an electronic component. 1 I. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it applies to any type of battery or accumulator and to any type of couple electrochimique rechargeable ou non.  electrochemical couple rechargeable or not.
FR0206270A 2002-05-23 2002-05-23 METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING AND ASSEMBLING ELECTRODES OF A PRIMARY OR SECONDARY ELECTROCHEMICAL GENERATOR AS A SOURCE OF FLEXIBLE AND MECHANICALLY RESISTANT ULTRA THIN ELEMENTARY ENERGY Expired - Fee Related FR2840107B1 (en)

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US5492782A (en) * 1994-12-06 1996-02-20 Hughes Aircraft Company Battery having fiber electrodes
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