FR2839606A1 - Plasma torch started by rupture of contact between nozzle and electrode, uses nozzle holder enclosing electrode holder and has spring tending to bring them together while gas pressure forces them apart, generating a spark - Google Patents

Plasma torch started by rupture of contact between nozzle and electrode, uses nozzle holder enclosing electrode holder and has spring tending to bring them together while gas pressure forces them apart, generating a spark Download PDF

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Publication number
FR2839606A1
FR2839606A1 FR0205688A FR0205688A FR2839606A1 FR 2839606 A1 FR2839606 A1 FR 2839606A1 FR 0205688 A FR0205688 A FR 0205688A FR 0205688 A FR0205688 A FR 0205688A FR 2839606 A1 FR2839606 A1 FR 2839606A1
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France
Prior art keywords
electrode
nozzle
holder
torch
electrode holder
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
FR0205688A
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French (fr)
Inventor
Christian Maocec
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Original Assignee
Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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Application filed by Air Liquide SA, LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude filed Critical Air Liquide SA
Priority to FR0205688A priority Critical patent/FR2839606A1/en
Publication of FR2839606A1 publication Critical patent/FR2839606A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H05H1/3436—Hollow cathodes with internal coolant flow
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H05H1/3442—Cathodes with inserted tip
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H05H1/3468—Vortex generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H05H1/3489—Means for contact starting

Abstract

The plasma torch has an electrode holder (1) that can move axially in the body (20) of the torch. An electrode (5) is fixed in the electrode holder. A nozzle holder (7) forms an sleeve round the electrode holder and carries a nozzle (6) with an axial gas orifice (21). A spring (4) tends to bring the electrode and nozzle carriers together, while gas pressure tends to push them apart.

Description

La presente invention concerne une torche de soudage ou coupage a amorgageThe present invention relates to a welding or cutting torch

par rupture de contact toyere/electrode. Dans les torches de coupage plasma classiques, I'allumage de l'arc pilote est souvent initie par une etincelle de haute frequence ou de haute tension entre ['electrode  by contact break toyere / electrode. In conventional plasma cutting torches, the ignition of the pilot arc is often initiated by a high frequency or high voltage spark between the electrode.

et la tuyere.and the nozzle.

Par ailleurs, il existe une autre technique d'allumage basee sur un courtcircuit entre ['electrode et la tuyere de la torche, qui vent reliees a une source de tension, de maniere a creer ainsi une etincelle des que ies deux pieces s'ecartent l'une de l'autre,  Furthermore, there is another ignition technique based on a short circuit between the electrode and the torch nozzle, which is connected to a voltage source, so as to create a spark as soon as the two pieces move apart. one from the other,

c'est-a-dire quand le contact electrique entre celles-ci est rompu.  that is to say when the electrical contact between them is broken.

Des torches a allumage par court-circuit vent decrites par exemple par les  Wind short-circuit ignition torches described for example by

documents US-A-3242305, FR-A-2669847 et EP-A-591018.  documents US-A-3242305, FR-A-2669847 and EP-A-591018.

De fason generale, le porte-electrode est mobile et actionne par la pression de refroidissement de la torche qui agit sur une extremite de cette piece au moyen d'une  In general, the electrode holder is mobile and actuated by the cooling pressure of the torch which acts on one end of this piece by means of a

surface de piston.piston surface.

Selon les cas, le deplacement du porte-electrode se fait soit par la pression d'un liquide de refroid issement, tel de l'eau, soit par u ne pression d 'air com prime fa isant  Depending on the case, the displacement of the electrode holder is done either by the pressure of a coolant, such as water, or by a pressure of com pressant air making

2 0 office de gaz plasma et de gaz de refroidissement.  2 0 plasma gas and cooling gas office.

Dans le cas du document US-A-3242305, on comprend aisement que devoir utiliser un fluide de refroidissement (eau) de nature differente de celui du fluide (gaz) servant a generer le jet de plasma complique i'architecture de la torche et peut poser des problemes de securite du fait de la presence d'eau et de courant electrique dans la  In the case of document US-A-3242305, it is easy to understand that having to use a cooling fluid (water) of a different nature from that of the fluid (gas) used to generate the plasma jet complicates the architecture of the torch and can pose safety problems due to the presence of water and electric current in the

2 5 torche.2 5 torch.

Par ailleurs, le document FR-A-2669847 s'est attache a proposer un assemblage mecanique particulier du corps de torche permettant d'assurer une distance constante entre ['electrode et la tuyere queue que soit l'usure de cette mecanique. La constitution de cette torche est de ce fait complexe et repose sur la presence obligatoire d'un diffuseur annulaire isolant et d'une douille exterieure qui permettent de maintenir la tuyere et le diffuseur sur le corps de torche, tandis que la repartition des gaz est caracterisee par le diffuseur isolant qui separe le gaz plasma et le gaz de refroidissement. Enfin, dans le cas du document EP-A-591018, le cycle d'allumage est complexe car, au repos, ltelectrode niest pas en contact avec la tuyere. En effet, c'est la montee en  Furthermore, the document FR-A-2669847 endeavors to propose a particular mechanical assembly of the torch body making it possible to ensure a constant distance between the electrode and the tail nozzle regardless of the wear of this mechanism. The constitution of this torch is therefore complex and is based on the compulsory presence of an annular insulating diffuser and an external sleeve which make it possible to maintain the nozzle and the diffuser on the torch body, while the distribution of gases is characterized by the insulating diffuser which separates the plasma gas and the cooling gas. Finally, in the case of document EP-A-591018, the ignition cycle is complex because, at rest, the electrode is not in contact with the nozzle. Indeed, it is the rise in

pression qui rapproche les deux pieces et qui les ecarte l'une de l'autre en-quite.  pressure which brings the two pieces together and which separates them from each other en-quite.

Le but de la presente invention est alors de proposer une torche a allumage par  The purpose of the present invention is then to provide a torch with ignition by

rupture de contact plus simple et plus fiable que les versions existantes.  contact break simpler and more reliable than existing versions.

La solution de ['invention est alors une torche a ptasma comprenant un corps de torche d'axe A-A comportant: - un porte-electrode de forme oblongue ayant une extremite avant et une extremite arriere, et portent un collet annulaire ayant au moins une surface avant et au moins une suRace arriere, ledit porte-electrode etant mobile axialement dans ledit corps de torche, - une electrode fixee 3 I'extremite avant du porte- electrode, un porte-tuyere formant manchon axialement autour du porte- electrode, ledit porte-tuyere eta nt fixe par son extremite amont au corps de torche et portent a son extrem ite aval une tuyere mu nie d'un orifice axial de sortie de gaz, led it porte-tuyere etant espace audit porte-electrode de maniere a former une chambre de tuyere, - un moyen elastique venant exerce une force de pression mecanique sur la surface arriere du collet annutaire dans te sens tendant a rapprocher le porte- electrode et ['electrode de la tuyere, - une chambre de pression en communication fluidique avec la surFace avant du collet annulaire de maniere a ce qu'un gaz sous pression introduit dans ladite chambre 2 0 de pression vienne exercer une force pression pneumatique sur ladite surface avant du collet annulaire dans le sens tendant a eloigner le porte- electrode et ['electrode de la tuyere, caracterisee en ce que - ie porte- electrode comporte au moins un evidemment interne stetendant 2 5 axialement a partir de liextremite avant audit porte-electrode jusquta un fond borgne, - un tube plongeur creux est agence axiaiement dans ledit evidemment interne, I'extremite avant audit tube plongeur debouchant en regard de ['electrode et l'extremite arriere audit tube plongeur debouchant en regarct du fond audit evidemment, - au moins un persage, pratique a travers la paroi du porte-electrode, permet 3 0 une mise en communication fluidique de la chambre de pression avec l'interieur du tube plongeur agence dans l'evidemment interne du porte-electrode de maniere a permettre une circulation de gaz de la chambre de pression vers i'interieur du tube plongeur, et - la paroi externe audit tube plongeur creux et la paroi interne de ltevidemment du porte-electrode vent espacees l'une de l'autre, au niveau de l'extremite avant audit porte- electrode, en delimitant ainsi un espace inter-parois et au moins un orifice de sortie, p ratiq ue a travers la pa roi du porte-etectrode au niveau de ttespace inter-pa rois, permet une mise en communication fluidique audit espace inter-parois avec la chambre de tuyere de maniere a permettre le passage du gaz sortant par l'extremite avant du = tube plongeur successivement dans l'espace inter-parois, dans ledit orifice de sortie et  The solution of the invention is then a plasma torch comprising a torch body of axis AA comprising: - an oblong-shaped electrode holder having a front end and a rear end, and carry an annular collar having at least one surface front and at least one rear surface, said electrode holder being axially movable in said torch body, - an electrode fixed at the front end of the electrode holder, a nozzle holder forming a sleeve axially around the electrode holder, said holder nozzle is fixed at its upstream end to the torch body and carry at its downstream end a nozzle provided with an axial gas outlet orifice, led to the nozzle holder being space at said electrode holder so as to form a nozzle chamber, - an elastic means coming from exerts a mechanical pressure force on the rear surface of the annular collar in a direction tending to bring the electrode holder and the electrode of the nozzle, - a pressure chamber in communication fluid with the front surface of the annular collar so that a pressurized gas introduced into said pressure chamber comes to exert a pneumatic pressure force on said front surface of the annular collar in the direction tending to move away the electrode holder and ['nozzle electrode, characterized in that - the electrode holder comprises at least one internal recess extending axially from the front end to said electrode holder to a blind bottom, - a hollow dip tube is arranged axially in said Obviously internal, the front end of said dip tube opening opposite the electrode and the rear end of said dip tube opening in relation to the bottom of said bottom obviously - at least one persage, practical through the wall of the electrode holder, 3 0 fluid communication of the pressure chamber with the interior of the dip tube arranged in the internal cavity of the electrode holder so as to allow a cir gas flow from the pressure chamber towards the interior of the dip tube, and - the outer wall of said hollow dip tube and the inner wall of the electrode holder obviously are spaced from each other, at the level of the end before said electrode holder, thus delimiting an inter-wall space and at least one outlet orifice, p ratiq ue through the pa king of the electrode holder at the inter-wall ttespace, allows fluid communication to said inter-wall space with the nozzle chamber so as to allow the passage of the gas leaving through the front end of the = dip tube successively in the inter-wall space, in said outlet orifice and

dans ia chambre de tuyere.in the nozzle chamber.

Selon le cas, ia torche de ['invention peut comprendre l'une ou plusieurs des caracteristiques techniques suivantes: - des moyens d'aiimentation en gaz permettent d'alimenter la chambre de  Depending on the case, the torch of the invention may include one or more of the following technical characteristics: - gas supply means make it possible to supply the

pression en gaz.gas pressure.

- le moyen elastique est un ressort amenage axialement autour du porte electrode. - la paroi externe de la chambre de tuyere comprend au moins un orifice d'evacuation de gaz communiquant avec ['atmosphere exterieure, de preference  - The elastic means is a spring arranged axially around the electrode holder. - The external wall of the nozzle chamber comprises at least one gas discharge orifice communicating with the external atmosphere, preferably

plusieurs orifices d'evacuation de gaz.  several gas discharge ports.

- la paroi externe de la chambre de tuyere comprend au moins un orifice d'evacuation de gaz communiquant fluidiquement avec une chambre de refroidissement formant jupe externe peripherique autour du porte-tuyere, ladite jupe externe etant  the external wall of the nozzle chamber comprises at least one gas evacuation orifice communicating fluidly with a cooling chamber forming a peripheral external skirt around the nozzle holder, said external skirt being

ouverte sur ['atmosphere ambiante.open to the ambient atmosphere.

- le porte-electrode est mobile dans le corps de torche en etant guide par  - the electrode holder is movable in the torch body, being guided by

axialement par au moins une piece isolante agencee dans ledit corps de torche.  axially by at least one insulating part arranged in said torch body.

- le porte-electrode porte un collet annulaire dont au moins une surface avant et au moins une surFace arriere forment piston de maniere a perrnettre le deplacement  the electrode holder carries an annular collar of which at least one front surface and at least one rear surface form the piston so as to allow displacement

axial audit porte-electrode dans le corps de torche.  axial to said electrode holder in the torch body.

- la chambre de pression est annuiaire.  - the pressure chamber is annular.

- I'extremite avant du tube plongeur est fixee de fason etanche a la paroi de  - the front end of the dip tube is tightly fixed to the wall of

l'evidemment interne.the obviously internal.

- le porte-electrode, I'electrode, la tuyere et le porte-tuyere vent realises, au moins en partie, en au moins un materieu electro-conducteur de sorte de former un circuit electrique consu pour vehiculer du courant ele*rique lorsque ['electrode est au contact de la tuyere et, a ['inverse, pour creer au moins une etincelle electrique dans la chambre de tuyere iorsqu'il se produit une rupture du contact entre ['electrode et la tuyere par eloignement axial du porte-electrode sous lieffet de la pression du gaz  - the electrode holder, the electrode, the nozzle and the nozzle holder are made, at least in part, of at least one electrically conductive material so as to form an electrical circuit designed to carry electric current when [ the electrode is in contact with the nozzle and, conversely, to create at least one electrical spark in the nozzle chamber when there is a break in contact between the electrode and the nozzle by axial separation from the electrode holder under the effect of gas pressure

s'exersant sur la surface avant du collet annulaire.  exerted on the front surface of the annular collar.

- la chambre de compression contenant le moyen elastique communique avec  - the compression chamber containing the elastic means communicates with

['atmosphere ambiante par l'intermediaire d'au moins un orifice de mise a iiatmosphere.  ['ambient atmosphere through at least one opening to iiatmosphere.

-- le collet annulaire compote des moyens d'etancheite permettant d'assurer une  - the annular collar compotes sealing means to ensure a

etancheite fluidique entre la chambre de compression et la chambre de pression.  fluid tightness between the compression chamber and the pressure chamber.

- le porte-eiectrode et lielectrode vent au potentiel negatif, et la tuyere et le  - the electrode holder and the wind electrode with negative potential, and the nozzle and the

porte-tuyere vent au potentiel positif.  wind nozzle holder with positive potential.

- les orifices de sortie vent pratiques tangentiellement 3 travers la paroi cylindrique du porte-electrode de maniere a assurer une entree tourbillonnaire du gaz  the practical wind outlet orifices tangentially 3 through the cylindrical wall of the electrode holder so as to ensure a vortex entry of the gas

dans la chambre de tuyere.in the nozzle chamber.

- des rainures helicoidaies vent usinees dans la piece isolante etlou dans le porte electrode, dans le meme sens que les orifices de sortie pratiques tangentiellement a  - helical grooves made in the insulating part and / or in the electrode holder, in the same direction as the practical outlet orifices tangentially to

travers la paroi cylindrique du porte-electrode.  through the cylindrical wall of the electrode holder.

L'invention porte aussi sur une utilisation d'une torche selon ['invention dans une operation de coupage ou soudage a l'arc plasma, de preference la torche est une torche  The invention also relates to a use of a torch according to the invention in a plasma arc cutting or welding operation, preferably the torch is a torch

manueile munie d'une poignee de manipoiation par un operateur.  manual provided with a handle for manipulation by an operator.

L'invention va etre mieux comprise grace a la description detailiee ciapres  The invention will be better understood thanks to the detailed description below.

donnee en references aux figures annexees parmi lesquelles: - la figure 1 represente une vue en coupe longitudinale du corps 20 d'une torche selon ['invention, schematisee en position de contact tuyere/electrode (torche au repos), - et la figure 2 represente une vue de ia torche de la figure 1, schematisee en  given with reference to the appended figures in which: - Figure 1 shows a longitudinal section view of the body of a torch according to the invention, shown schematically in nozzle / electrode contact position (torch at rest), - and Figure 2 represents a view of the torch of FIG. 1, shown schematically in

position de rupture de contact tuyerelelectrode (torche en situation arc allume).  position of contact between the pipe and the electrode (torch in arc-lit situation).

Les figures 1 et 2 ne font apparaTtrent que les parties corps 20 de torche indispensables a la comprehension de ['invention. Toutefois, il va de soit que ce corps 20 sera lui-meme integre dans une poignee isolante adaptee, en particulier manipulable par  Figures 1 and 2 show only the body parts 20 of torch essential for understanding the invention. However, it goes without saying that this body 20 will itself be integrated into a suitable insulating handle, in particular which can be manipulated by

un operateur, laquelle peut revetir differentes formes.  an operator, which can take different forms.

La torche a plasma de ['invention comprend un corps 20 d'axe A-A comportant un porte-electrode 1 de forme oblongue, globalement cylindrique mais pouvant presenter plusieurs diametres differents, pourvu d'une extremite avant la sur laquelle vient se 2 0 fixer une electrode 5, par exemple par vissage, et d'une extremite arriere lb reliee a une  The plasma torch of the invention comprises a body 20 of axis AA comprising an electrode holder 1 of oblong shape, generally cylindrical but which may have several different diameters, provided with an end before which is fixed a electrode 5, for example by screwing, and with a rear end lb connected to a

source de courant electrique au potentiel negatif (-).  electric current source with negative potential (-).

Le porte-electrode 1 porte, environ 3 ml-distance entre ses extremites avant la et arriere lb, un collet annulaire 9, se projetant radialement, ayant une surface avant 9a et une surface arriere 9b, et eventuellement des surfaces ou decrochements  The electrode holder 1 carries, approximately 3 ml-distance between its ends before the and back 1b, an annular collar 9, projecting radially, having a front surface 9a and a rear surface 9b, and possibly surfaces or recesses

2 5 intermediaires.2 5 intermediaries.

L'electrode 5 porte un insert 28 emissif par exemple en tungstene, en hafnium  The electrode 5 carries an emissive insert 28 for example made of tungsten, hafnium

ou en zirconium.or zirconium.

Par ailleurs, un porte-tuyere 7 formant manchon axialement autour du porte electrode 1 est fixe par son extremite amont 7b au corps 20 de torche et porte a son extremite aval 7a une tuyere 6 munie d'un orifice axial 21 de sortie de gaz de maniere a  Furthermore, a nozzle holder 7 forming a sleeve axially around the electrode holder 1 is fixed by its upstream end 7b to the torch body 20 and carries at its downstream end 7a a nozzle 6 provided with an axial orifice 21 for the gas outlet from way to

expulser le jet de plasma d'arc, forme de gaz ionise et de l'arc electrique.  expel the arc plasma jet, form of ionized gas and electric arc.

Le porte-tuyere 7 est espace du porte-electrode lde maniere a former entre eux une chambre de toyere 12 dans laquelle le gaz va etre introduit, preferentiellement de  The nozzle holder 7 is the space of the electrode holder so as to form between them a toy chamber 12 into which the gas will be introduced, preferably of

maniere tourbillonnaire (vortex) avant d'etre expulse par ['orifice de 21 de la tuyere 6.  swirling (vortex) before being expelled through the orifice of the nozzle 6.

Comme schematise sur la figure 1, le porte-electrode mobile 1 dans le corps de  As shown in FIG. 1, the mobile electrode holder 1 in the body of

torche 20 est guide axialement a l'interieur des deux pieces isolantes 2 et 3.  torch 20 is guided axially inside the two insulating parts 2 and 3.

Plus precisement, le coliet annulaire 9 fait office de piston en etant soumis, via sa partie inferieure ou surface avant 9a, a la pression du gaz de maniere a eloigner la tuyere de ['electrode (voir figure 2) et, a ['inverse, en etant repousse, comme montre sur la figure 1, par un ressort 4 venant exercer une force d'appui sur la partie superieure ou surface arriere 9b du collet 9 annulaire. La pression du ressort 4 permet alors de mettre  More precisely, the annular collar 9 acts as a piston by being subjected, via its lower part or front surface 9a, to the pressure of the gas so as to move the nozzle away from the electrode (see FIG. 2) and, conversely , being pushed back, as shown in FIG. 1, by a spring 4 which exerts a pressing force on the upper part or rear surface 9b of the annular collar 9. The pressure of the spring 4 then makes it possible to put

en contact mecanique ['electrode 5 et la tuyeFe 6.  in mechanical contact with the electrode 5 and the pipe 6.

Le porte tuyere 7 recoit les pieces isolantes 2,3 dans sa partie superieure et la tuyere da ns sa pa rtie inferieure. Electriquement, le porte-electrode 1 et le porte-tuyere 7 vent relies a une source de tension continue. Une ele*rovanne (non montree) alimente  The nozzle holder 7 receives the insulating parts 2.3 in its upper part and the nozzle in its lower part. Electrically, the electrode holder 1 and the nozzle holder 7 are connected to a DC voltage source. A rovanne * (not shown) supplies

ie porte-tuyere 7 en gaz plasma et gaz de refroidissement.  ie nozzle holder 7 in plasma gas and cooling gas.

Pour amorcer un arc electrique, c'est la pression du gaz qui va exercer une force sous le piston 9 et, quand cette force est superieure a celle du ressort 4, le porte  To start an electric arc, it is the pressure of the gas which will exert a force under the piston 9 and, when this force is greater than that of the spring 4, the door

O electrode 1 se deplace axialement en s'eloignant de la tuyere 6.  O electrode 1 moves axially away from the nozzle 6.

Quand le gaz est envoye dans la torche, il arrive dans une chambre circulaire 8, 3 I'extremite inferieure de laquelle, une serie de persages radisux permet d'alimenter la  When the gas is sent into the torch, it arrives in a circular chamber 8, 3 at the lower end of which, a series of radish persages makes it possible to supply the

partie inferieure 9a du piston 9.lower part 9a of the piston 9.

La chambre de pression 8 est done en communication fluidique avec la surface avant 9a du collet annulaire 9 de maniere a ce que le gaz sous pression introduit dans la chambre de pression 8 vienne exercer une force pression pneumatique sur ladite surface  The pressure chamber 8 is therefore in fluid communication with the front surface 9a of the annular collar 9 so that the pressurized gas introduced into the pressure chamber 8 comes to exert a pneumatic pressure force on said surface.

avant 9a du collet 9 dans le sens tendant a eloigner le porte-electrode 1 de la tuyere 6.  before 9a of the collar 9 in the direction tending to move the electrode holder 1 away from the nozzle 6.

Le contact entre ['electrode 5 et la tuyere 6 est alors rompu et cette rupture de  The contact between the electrode 5 and the nozzle 6 is then broken and this rupture of

contact engendre une etincelle d'allumage de l'arc pilote.  contact generates an ignition spark in the pilot arc.

Le porte-electrode 1 comporte un evidemment interne 22 s'etendant axialement a partir de l'extremite avant la audit porte-electrode jusqu'a un fond 23 borgne formant  The electrode holder 1 has an internal recess 22 extending axially from the end before the said electrode holder to a blind bottom 23 forming

une cavite interne du porte-electrode.  an internal cavity of the electrode holder.

Un tube plongeur 11 creux oblong, de forme cylindrique, est agence axialement dans ltevidemment interne 22. L'extremite avant 11a de ce tube plongeur 11 debouchant en regard de ['electrode 5, alors que son extremite arriere 11b debouche en regard du  An oblong hollow dip tube 11, of cylindrical shape, is arranged axially in the obviously internal 22. The front end 11a of this dip tube 11 opens out opposite the electrode 5, while its rear end 11b opens out opposite the

fond 23 de l'evidemment 22.bottom 23 of the obviously 22.

Un ou plusieurs pergages radiaux 10 pratiques dans le porte-electrode 1 assurent une introduction du gaz dans la cavite situee au fond de l'evidemment 22, puis a l'interieur du tube plongeur 11 creux. Ce flux gazeux assure le refroidissement du fond  One or more practical radial holes 10 in the electrode holder 1 ensure the introduction of the gas into the cavity located at the bottom of the recess 22, then inside the hollow dip tube 11. This gas flow cools the bottom

3 0 de ['electrode 5 et de ['insert 28.  30 of the electrode 5 and the insert 28.

Pour assurer une circulation correcte du gaz depuis les perc,ages 1O vers l'interieur du tube plongeur 11, ii est imperatif que ledit tube plongeur soit fixe de maniere etanche dans lievidemment 22 de maniere a ce que le gaz entrant dans le fond de l'evidemment 22 ne puisse pas circuler entre la paroi interne de l'evidemment 22 et la paroi externe de la partie amont 11b du tube plongeur 11, ctest-a-dire la partie du tube  To ensure correct circulation of the gas from the drills, ages 10 to the inside of the dip tube 11, it is imperative that said dip tube is fixed in a sealed manner in obviously 22 so that the gas entering the bottom of the of course 22 cannot flow between the internal wall of the housing 22 and the external wall of the upstream part 11b of the dip tube 11, that is to say the part of the tube

11 fixee a la paroi interne de l'evidemment 22.  11 fixed to the internal wall of the recess 22.

Le flux gazeux ressort ensuite par l'extremite aval 11a du tube plongeur 11, circule dans l'espace amenage entre la paroi externe audit tube plongeur 11 creux, au niveau de son extremite aval 11a, et la paroi interne de l'evidemment 22 du porte electrode 1, et passe ensuite dans une serie de pergages tangents 15 au porte electrode  The gas flow then leaves through the downstream end 11a of the dip tube 11, circulates in the space between the outer wall of said hollow dip tube 11, at its downstream end 11a, and the inner wall of the recess 22 of the electrode holder 1, and then passes through a series of tangent pergages 15 to the electrode holder

pour deboucher dans la partie amont de la chambre de tuyere 12.  to unclog in the upstream part of the nozzle chamber 12.

Quand ce ffux debouche dans la chambre de tuyere 12, il est done projete en  When this flow leads into the nozzle chamber 12, it is therefore projected in

forme de tourbillons (vortex).form of vortices.

Deux orifices 13 calibres d'evacuation de gaz vent amenages dans cette chambre 12 de tuyere de maniere a expulser ie gaz vers ['atmosphere ambiante, c'est-a-dire hors du corps 20 de la torche, lesdits orifices 13 debouchant dans une chambre en cloche ou chambre de refroidissement delimitee par une jupe peripherique 25 agencee autour du porte-tuyere 7 pour assurer ie refroidissement du porte-tuyere 7 et de la tuyere 6 par  Two orifices 13 gauges for evacuating gas are brought into this nozzle chamber 12 so as to expel the gas towards the ambient atmosphere, that is to say outside the body 20 of the torch, said orifices 13 opening into a bell chamber or cooling chamber delimited by a peripheral skirt 25 arranged around the nozzle holder 7 to ensure the cooling of the nozzle holder 7 and of the nozzle 6 by

balayage gazeux de leur surface externe.  gaseous scanning of their external surface.

Au repos, I'orifice 21 de la tuyere est obture par 1'eiectrode 5 positionnee sur cet  At rest, the orifice 21 of the nozzle is closed by the electrode 5 positioned on this

orifice 21.port 21.

Cependant, au moment ou la force du ressort 4 devient inferieure a celle de ia pression exercee sur la surface 9a du piston 9, le porte-electrode 1 remonte, I'electrode 5 s'eloigne de la toyere 6, I'etincelle de rupture Jaillit, I'orifice 21 est libere et l'arc pilote  However, at the moment when the force of the spring 4 becomes less than that of the pressure exerted on the surface 9a of the piston 9, the electrode holder 1 goes back up, the electrode 5 moves away from the toyere 6, the spark of rupture Jets out, hole 21 is released and the pilot arc

peut s'etablir dans le canal de la tuyere 6.  can be established in the channel of the nozzle 6.

Pour ameliorer la dynamique du tourbillon gazeux se formant dans la chambre de tuyere 12, des rainures helicodales 14 peuvent etre usinees dans la piece isolante 2 ou  To improve the dynamics of the gas vortex forming in the nozzle chamber 12, helical grooves 14 can be produced in the insulating part 2 or

dans le porte-electrode 1, dans le meme sens que les pergages 15 du porteelectrode.  in the electrode holder 1, in the same direction as the pergages 15 of the electrode holder.

Pour moduler les debits en fonction des intensites d'arc de coupe, des series de percages vent plus ou moins liberes suivant la forme du tube plongeur 2 (voir figure 2  To modulate the flow rates as a function of the cutting arc intensities, series of wind holes more or less released depending on the shape of the dip tube 2 (see figure 2

avec un debit reduit).with a reduced flow).

Ia conception particuliere de la torche de "'invention reduit considerabiement le nombre de pieces necessaires, ce qui conduit a une simplification de son architecture et  The particular design of the inventive torch considerably reduces the number of parts required, which leads to a simplification of its architecture and

done a une augmentation de sa fiabilite.  therefore an increase in its reliability.

Claims (16)

Revendicationsclaims l. Torche a plasma comprenant un corps (20) de torche d'axe (AA) comportant: - un porte-eiectrode (1) de forme oblongue ayant une extremite avant (la) et une extremite arriere (lb), et portent un collet annulaire (9) ayant au moins une surface avant (9a) et au moins une surface arriere (9b), ledit porte-electrode (1) etant mobile axiaiement dans ledit corps de torche (20), - une electrode (5) fixee a i'extremite avant (la) du porte-electrode (1), - un porte-tuyere (7) formant manchon axialement autour du porte-electrode (1), ledit porte-tuyere (7) etant fixe par son extremite amont (7b) au corps (20) de torche et portent a son extremite aval (7a) une tuyere (6) munie d'un orifice axial (21) de sortie de gaz, led it porte-tuyere (7) etant espace audit porte-electrode ( 1) de maniere a former une chambre de tuyere (12), - un moyen elastique (4) venant exerce une force de pression mecanique sur la sufiace arriere (9b) du cotlet annulaire (9) dans ie sens tendant a rapprocher le porte electrode (1) et ['electrode (5) de la tuyere (6), - une chambre de pression (8) en communication fluidique avec la surface avant (9a) du collet annulaire (9) de maniere a ce qu'un gaz sous pression introduit dans ladite chambre de pression (8) vienne exercer une force pression pneumatique sur ladite surface avant (9a) du collet annulaire (9) dans le sens tendant a eloigner le porte electrode (1) et ['electrode (5) de la tuyere (6), caracterisee en ce que - le porte-electrode (1) comporte au moins un evidemment interne (22) 2 5 s'etendant axialement a partir de l'extremite avant (la) audit porte-electrode (1) jusqu'a un fond (23) borgne, - un tube plongeur (11) creux est agence axialement dans ledit evidemment interne (22), I'extremite avant (la) audit tube plongeur (11) debouchant en regard de ltelectrode (5) et l'extremite arriere (lib) audit tube plongeur (11) debouchant en 3 0 regard du fond (23) audit evidemment (22), - au moins un persage (10), pratique a travers la paroi du porte-electrode (1), perrnet une mise en communication fiuidique de la chambre de pression (8) avec l'interieur du tube plongeur (11) agence dans l'evidemment interne (22) du porte electrode (1) de maniere a permettre une circulation de gaz de la chambre de pression (8) vers l'interieur du tube piongeur (11), et - la paroi externe audit tube plongeur (11) creux et la paroi interne de l'evidemment (22) du porte- electrode (1) vent espacees l'une de l'autre, au niveau de l'extremite avant (la) audit porte-electrode, en delimitant ainsi un espace (24) inter parois et au moins un orifice de sortie (15), pratique a travers la paroi du porte-electrode (1) au niveau de l'espace inter-parois (24), permet une mise en communication fluidique audit espace inter-parois (24) avec ia chambre de tuyere (12) de maniere a permettre le passage du gaz sortant par l'extremite avant (11a) du tube plongeur (11) successivement dans l'espace inter-parois (24), dans led it orifice de sortie ( 15) et da ns la chambre de tuyere (12).  l. Plasma torch comprising a body (20) of axis torch (AA) comprising: - an electrode holder (1) of oblong shape having a front end (la) and a rear end (lb), and carry an annular collar (9) having at least one front surface (9a) and at least one rear surface (9b), said electrode holder (1) being axially movable in said torch body (20), - an electrode (5) fixed to i 'front end (la) of the electrode holder (1), - a nozzle holder (7) forming a sleeve axially around the electrode holder (1), said nozzle holder (7) being fixed by its upstream end (7b) to the torch body (20) and carry at its downstream end (7a) a nozzle (6) provided with an axial orifice (21) for gas outlet, led to the nozzle holder (7) being space at said electrode holder ( 1) so as to form a nozzle chamber (12), - an elastic means (4) coming exerts a mechanical pressure force on the rear sufiace (9b) of the annular cotlet (9) in the direction tending to bring the electro door closer of (1) and the electrode (5) of the nozzle (6), - a pressure chamber (8) in fluid communication with the front surface (9a) of the annular collar (9) so that a gas under pressure introduced into said pressure chamber (8) comes to exert a pneumatic pressure force on said front surface (9a) of the annular collar (9) in the direction tending to move away the electrode holder (1) and [the electrode (5) from the nozzle (6), characterized in that - the electrode holder (1) comprises at least one internal recess (22) 25 extending axially from the front end (la) to said electrode holder (1) up to a blind bottom (23), - a hollow dip tube (11) is arranged axially in said internal recess (22), the front end (la) of said dip tube (11) opening facing the electrode (5) and the rear end (lib) to said dip tube (11) opening in looking at the bottom (23) to said recess (22), - at least one persage (10), practical through the wall of the elect carrier rode (1), allows fluid communication of the pressure chamber (8) with the interior of the dip tube (11) arranged in the internal recess (22) of the electrode holder (1) so as to allow circulation gas from the pressure chamber (8) towards the interior of the drain tube (11), and - the wall external to said hollow dip tube (11) and the internal wall of the recess (22) of the electrode holder (1 ) wind spaces from one another, at the front end (la) to said electrode holder, thereby delimiting a space (24) between walls and at least one outlet orifice (15), practical through the wall of the electrode holder (1) at the inter-wall space (24), allows fluid communication with said inter-wall space (24) with the nozzle chamber (12) so as to allow passage of gas leaving through the front end (11a) of the dip tube (11) successively in the inter-wall space (24), in the outlet orifice led (15) and in the t chamber uyere (12). 2. Torche selon la revendication 1, caracterisee en ce que des moyens2. Torch according to claim 1, characterized in that means dalimentation en gaz permettent d'alimenter la chambre de pression (8) en gaz.  gas supply supply the pressure chamber (8) with gas. 3. Torche selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, caracterisee en ce que le  3. Torch according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the moyen elastique (4) est un ressort amenage axialement autour du porteelectrode (1).  elastic means (4) is a spring fitted axially around the electrode holder (1). 4. Torche selon l'une des revendications 1 a 3, caracterisee en ce que la paroi  4. Torch according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the wall externe de la chambre de tuyere (12) comprend au moins un orifice d'evacuation de gaz (13) communiquant avec ['atmosphere exterieure, de preference plusieurs orifices  external of the nozzle chamber (12) comprises at least one gas discharge orifice (13) communicating with the external atmosphere, preferably several orifices d'evacuation de gaz.gas outlet. 5. Torche selon l'une des revendications 1 a 4, caracterisee en ce que la paroi  5. Torch according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the wall externe de la chambre de tuyere (12) comprend au moins un orifice d'evacuation de gaz communiquant fluidiquement avec une chambre de refroidissement (25) formant jupe externe peripherique autour du portetuyere (7), ladite jupe externe (25) etant ouverte  external of the nozzle chamber (12) comprises at least one gas evacuation orifice fluidly communicating with a cooling chamber (25) forming a peripheral external skirt around the nozzle holder (7), said external skirt (25) being open sur ['atmosphere ambiante.on the ambient atmosphere. 6. Torche selon i'une des revendications 1 a 5, caracterisee en ce que le porte  6. Torch according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the holder ele*rode (1) est mobile dans le corps de torche (20) en etant guide par axialement par  ele * rode (1) is movable in the torch body (20) being guided axially by au moins une piece isolante (2, 3) agencee dans ledit corps de torche (20) .  at least one insulating part (2, 3) arranged in said torch body (20). 7. Torche selon l'une des revendications 1 a 6, caracterisee en ce que le porte  7. Torch according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the holder electrode (1) porte un collet annulaire (9)- dont au moins une surface avant (9a) et au moins une surface arriere (9b) forment piston de maniere a permettre le deplacement  electrode (1) carries an annular collar (9) - at least one front surface (9a) and at least one rear surface (9b) form a piston so as to allow displacement axial audit porte-electrode (1) dans le corps de torche (20).  axial to said electrode holder (1) in the torch body (20). 8. Torche selon l'une des revendications 1 a 7, caracterisee en ce que la chambre  8. Torch according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the chamber de pression (8) est annulaire.pressure (8) is annular. 9. Torche selon l'une des revendications 1 a 8, caracterisee en ce que l'extremite  9. Torch according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the end avant (l la) du tube plongeur (1 1) est fixee de fagon etanche a la paroi de l'evidemment  front (the) of the dip tube (1 1) is fixed in a sealed manner to the wall of the recess interne (22).internal (22). 10. Torche selon l'une des revendications 1 a 9, caracterisee en ce que le porte  10. Torch according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the holder ele*rode (1), I'electrode (5), la tuyere (6) et le porte-tuyere (7) vent realises, au moins en partie, en au moins un materiau elecEro-condu*eur de sorte de former un circuit eie*rique congu pour vehiculer du courant ele*rique lorsque ltelectrode (5) est au contact de la tuyere (6) et, a ['inverse, pour creer au moins une etincelle electrique dans la chambre (12) de tuyere lorsqu'il se produit une rupture du contac* entre ['electrode (5) et ia toyere (6) par eloignement axial du porte-electrode (1) sous lieffet de la  ele * rode (1), the electrode (5), the nozzle (6) and the nozzle holder (7) are made, at least in part, of at least one electrically conductive material so as to form a electrical circuit designed to convey electrical current when the electrode (5) is in contact with the nozzle (6) and, conversely, to create at least one electrical spark in the nozzle chamber (12) when there is a break in the contact between the electrode (5) and the toy (6) by axial separation of the electrode holder (1) under the effect of the pression du gaz s'exergant sur la surface avant (9a) du collet annuiaire (g).  gas pressure exerted on the front surface (9a) of the annular collar (g). 11. Torche selon l'une des revendications 1 a 10, caracterisee en ce que la  11. Torch according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the chambre de compression (26) contenant le moyen elastique (4) communique avec ['atmosphere ambiante par itintermediaire d'au moins un orifice (27) de mise a ['atmosphere.  compression chamber (26) containing the elastic means (4) communicates with the ambient atmosphere by means of at least one orifice (27) for setting the atmosphere. 12. Torche selon l'une des revendications 1 3 11, caracterisee en ce que le collet  12. Torch according to one of claims 1 3 11, characterized in that the collar annulaire (9) compote des moyens d'etancheite perrnettant d'assurer une etancheite  annular (9) compote sealing means permitting to ensure a sealing fluidique entre la chambre de compression (26) et la chambre de pression (8).  fluid between the compression chamber (26) and the pressure chamber (8). 13. Torche selon l'une des revendications 13 12, caracterisee en ce que le porte  13. Torch according to one of claims 13 12, characterized in that the holder electrode (1) et l'elec*rode (5) vent au potentiel negatif, et ia tuyere (6) et le porte  electrode (1) and the electrode (5) wind at negative potential, and the nozzle (6) and the holder tuyere (7) vent au potentiel positif.  nozzle (7) wind at positive potential. 14. Torche selon l'une des revendications 1 3 13, caracterisee en ce que les  14. Torch according to one of claims 1 3 13, characterized in that the orifices de sortie (15) vent pratiques tangentiellement a travers la paroi cylindrique du porte-electrode (1) de maniere 3 assurer une entree tourblilonnaire du gaz dans la  practical outlet openings (15) tangentially through the cylindrical wall of the electrode holder (1) so as to ensure a vortex entry of the gas into the chambre de tuyere (12).nozzle chamber (12). 15. Torche selon l'une des revendications 3 14, caracterisee en ce que des  15. Torch according to one of claims 3 14, characterized in that rainures helicoidales (14) vent usinees dans la piece isolante (Z) etfou dans le porte electrode (), dans le meme sens que les orifices de sortie (15) pratiques  helical grooves (14) wind machined in the insulating part (Z) andfou in the electrode holder (), in the same direction as the practical outlet orifices (15) tangentiellement a travers la paroi cylindrique du porte-eie*rode (1).  tangentially through the cylindrical wall of the rod holder (1). 16. Utilisation d'une torche selon l'une des revendications 1 a 15 dans une  16. Use of a torch according to one of claims 1 to 15 in a operation de coupage ou soudage a l'arc plasma, de preference la torche est une torche  plasma arc cutting or welding operation, preferably the torch is a torch
FR0205688A 2002-05-07 2002-05-07 Plasma torch started by rupture of contact between nozzle and electrode, uses nozzle holder enclosing electrode holder and has spring tending to bring them together while gas pressure forces them apart, generating a spark Pending FR2839606A1 (en)

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FR0205688A FR2839606A1 (en) 2002-05-07 2002-05-07 Plasma torch started by rupture of contact between nozzle and electrode, uses nozzle holder enclosing electrode holder and has spring tending to bring them together while gas pressure forces them apart, generating a spark

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Cited By (7)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1599075A2 (en) 2004-05-18 2005-11-23 The Esab Group, Inc. Plasma arc torch
EP2286952A1 (en) * 2009-08-20 2011-02-23 The Esab Group, Inc. Plasma arc torch with electrode wear detection system
FR2996792A1 (en) * 2012-10-12 2014-04-18 Air Liquide Welding France Plasma arc torch assembly, useful for cutting metallic workpiece, comprises electrode holder, nozzle holder, electrical insulator block arranged between holders, and shank forming sleeve around part or all of electrode holder and block
ITVI20130220A1 (en) * 2013-09-05 2015-03-06 Trafimet Spa PLASMA TORCH WITH IMPROVED COOLING SYSTEM AND RELATIVE COOLING METHOD.
DE102014117860A1 (en) * 2014-12-04 2016-06-09 Jochen Zierhut Method of igniting a plasma torch and plasma torch
EP3429318A1 (en) * 2017-07-10 2019-01-16 Lincoln Global, Inc. Vented plasma cutting electrode and torch using the same
IT202000024391A1 (en) * 2020-10-15 2022-04-15 Trafimet Group S P A PLASMA TORCH WITH IMPROVED COOLING SYSTEM AND COOLING METHOD

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FR2663252A1 (en) * 1990-06-08 1991-12-20 Inst Zavaryavane Plasma torch for cutting metals
US5164569A (en) * 1990-11-29 1992-11-17 Trafimet Sas Plasma-operated cutting torch with contact starting
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Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1599075A2 (en) 2004-05-18 2005-11-23 The Esab Group, Inc. Plasma arc torch
EP1599075A3 (en) * 2004-05-18 2009-11-11 The Esab Group, Inc. Plasma arc torch
EP2286952A1 (en) * 2009-08-20 2011-02-23 The Esab Group, Inc. Plasma arc torch with electrode wear detection system
CN101992339A (en) * 2009-08-20 2011-03-30 埃萨布集团公司 Plasma torch with electrode wear detection system
US8258424B2 (en) 2009-08-20 2012-09-04 The Esab Group, Inc. Plasma torch with electrode wear detection system
EP2574417A1 (en) * 2009-08-20 2013-04-03 The Esab Group, Inc. Electrode for a plasma torch ; Method of preventing initiation of a pilot arc with an excessive worn electrode
US8633415B2 (en) 2009-08-20 2014-01-21 The Esab Group, Inc. Plasma torch with electrode wear detection system
CN101992339B (en) * 2009-08-20 2014-04-09 埃萨布集团公司 Plasma torch with electrode wear detection system and electrode wear detection method
FR2996792A1 (en) * 2012-10-12 2014-04-18 Air Liquide Welding France Plasma arc torch assembly, useful for cutting metallic workpiece, comprises electrode holder, nozzle holder, electrical insulator block arranged between holders, and shank forming sleeve around part or all of electrode holder and block
ITVI20130220A1 (en) * 2013-09-05 2015-03-06 Trafimet Spa PLASMA TORCH WITH IMPROVED COOLING SYSTEM AND RELATIVE COOLING METHOD.
WO2015033252A1 (en) * 2013-09-05 2015-03-12 Trafimet S.P.A. Plasma torch with improved cooling system and corresponding cooling method
CN105519239A (en) * 2013-09-05 2016-04-20 特拉菲迈特股份公司 Plasma torch with improved cooling system and corresponding cooling method
US10076019B2 (en) 2013-09-05 2018-09-11 Trafimet S.P.A. Plasma torch with improved cooling system and corresponding cooling method
DE102014117860A1 (en) * 2014-12-04 2016-06-09 Jochen Zierhut Method of igniting a plasma torch and plasma torch
DE102014117860B4 (en) * 2014-12-04 2016-09-01 Jochen Zierhut Method of igniting a plasma torch and plasma torch
EP3429318A1 (en) * 2017-07-10 2019-01-16 Lincoln Global, Inc. Vented plasma cutting electrode and torch using the same
US10589373B2 (en) 2017-07-10 2020-03-17 Lincoln Global, Inc. Vented plasma cutting electrode and torch using the same
IT202000024391A1 (en) * 2020-10-15 2022-04-15 Trafimet Group S P A PLASMA TORCH WITH IMPROVED COOLING SYSTEM AND COOLING METHOD
WO2022079542A1 (en) * 2020-10-15 2022-04-21 Trafimet Group S.P.A. Plasma torch with improved cooling system and related cooling method

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