FR2826973B1 - Procede de production de distillats moyens par hydroisomerisation et hydrocraquage de 2 fractions issues de charges provenant du procede fischer-tropsch - Google Patents

Procede de production de distillats moyens par hydroisomerisation et hydrocraquage de 2 fractions issues de charges provenant du procede fischer-tropsch

Info

Publication number
FR2826973B1
FR2826973B1 FR0108971A FR0108971A FR2826973B1 FR 2826973 B1 FR2826973 B1 FR 2826973B1 FR 0108971 A FR0108971 A FR 0108971A FR 0108971 A FR0108971 A FR 0108971A FR 2826973 B1 FR2826973 B1 FR 2826973B1
Authority
FR
France
Prior art keywords
fractions
fischer
hydrocracking
hydroisomerization
loads
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
FR0108971A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
FR2826973A1 (fr
Inventor
Eric Benazzi
Christophe Gueret
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN
Original Assignee
IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN filed Critical IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN
Priority to FR0108971A priority Critical patent/FR2826973B1/fr
Priority to RU2004103463/04A priority patent/RU2283858C2/ru
Priority to EP02755093A priority patent/EP1421157B1/fr
Priority to PCT/FR2002/002207 priority patent/WO2003004584A1/fr
Priority to MYPI20022514A priority patent/MY141718A/en
Priority to US10/189,793 priority patent/US7156978B2/en
Publication of FR2826973A1 publication Critical patent/FR2826973A1/fr
Priority to NO20035837A priority patent/NO335525B1/no
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of FR2826973B1 publication Critical patent/FR2826973B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G65/00—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G45/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds
    • C10G45/58—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to change the structural skeleton of some of the hydrocarbon content without cracking the other hydrocarbons present, e.g. lowering pour point; Selective hydrocracking of normal paraffins
    • C10G45/60—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to change the structural skeleton of some of the hydrocarbon content without cracking the other hydrocarbons present, e.g. lowering pour point; Selective hydrocracking of normal paraffins characterised by the catalyst used
    • C10G45/62—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to change the structural skeleton of some of the hydrocarbon content without cracking the other hydrocarbons present, e.g. lowering pour point; Selective hydrocracking of normal paraffins characterised by the catalyst used containing platinum group metals or compounds thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G47/00—Cracking of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen- generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions
    • C10G47/02—Cracking of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen- generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions characterised by the catalyst used
    • C10G47/10—Cracking of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen- generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions characterised by the catalyst used with catalysts deposited on a carrier
    • C10G47/12—Inorganic carriers
    • C10G47/14—Inorganic carriers the catalyst containing platinum group metals or compounds thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G65/00—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only
    • C10G65/14—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural parallel stages only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G69/00—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one other conversion process
    • C10G69/14—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one other conversion process plural parallel stages only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
    • C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
    • C10G2300/1022—Fischer-Tropsch products
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
    • C10G2300/20—Characteristics of the feedstock or the products
    • C10G2300/30—Physical properties of feedstocks or products
    • C10G2300/301—Boiling range
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
    • C10G2300/40—Characteristics of the process deviating from typical ways of processing
    • C10G2300/4018—Spatial velocity, e.g. LHSV, WHSV
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
    • C10G2300/40—Characteristics of the process deviating from typical ways of processing
    • C10G2300/4081—Recycling aspects
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2400/00—Products obtained by processes covered by groups C10G9/00 - C10G69/14
    • C10G2400/04—Diesel oil
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2400/00—Products obtained by processes covered by groups C10G9/00 - C10G69/14
    • C10G2400/06—Gasoil
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2400/00—Products obtained by processes covered by groups C10G9/00 - C10G69/14
    • C10G2400/08—Jet fuel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S208/00—Mineral oils: processes and products
    • Y10S208/95—Processing of "fischer-tropsch" crude

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)
FR0108971A 2001-07-06 2001-07-06 Procede de production de distillats moyens par hydroisomerisation et hydrocraquage de 2 fractions issues de charges provenant du procede fischer-tropsch Expired - Lifetime FR2826973B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0108971A FR2826973B1 (fr) 2001-07-06 2001-07-06 Procede de production de distillats moyens par hydroisomerisation et hydrocraquage de 2 fractions issues de charges provenant du procede fischer-tropsch
EP02755093A EP1421157B1 (fr) 2001-07-06 2002-06-26 Procede de production de distillats moyens par hydroisomerisation et hydrocraquage de 2 fractions issues de charges provenant du procede fischer-tropsch
PCT/FR2002/002207 WO2003004584A1 (fr) 2001-07-06 2002-06-26 Procede de production de distillats moyens par hydroisomerisation et hydrocraquage de 2 fractions issues de charges provenant du procede fischer-tropsch
RU2004103463/04A RU2283858C2 (ru) 2001-07-06 2002-06-26 Способ получения средних дистиллятов гидроизомеризацией и гидрокрекингом двух фракций продуктов, полученных синтезом фишера-тропша, и установка для его осуществления
MYPI20022514A MY141718A (en) 2001-07-06 2002-07-03 Process for the production of middle distillates by hydroisomerisation and hydrocracking of two fractions from feeds ariginating from the fischer-tropsch process
US10/189,793 US7156978B2 (en) 2001-07-06 2002-07-08 Process for the production of middle distillates by hydroisomerisation and hydrocracking of two fractions from feeds originating from the fischer-tropsch process
NO20035837A NO335525B1 (no) 2001-07-06 2003-12-29 Fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av mellomdestillater fra en parafinfødestrøm fremstilt av Fischer-Tropsch prosessen

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0108971A FR2826973B1 (fr) 2001-07-06 2001-07-06 Procede de production de distillats moyens par hydroisomerisation et hydrocraquage de 2 fractions issues de charges provenant du procede fischer-tropsch

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
FR2826973A1 FR2826973A1 (fr) 2003-01-10
FR2826973B1 true FR2826973B1 (fr) 2005-09-09

Family

ID=8865186

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
FR0108971A Expired - Lifetime FR2826973B1 (fr) 2001-07-06 2001-07-06 Procede de production de distillats moyens par hydroisomerisation et hydrocraquage de 2 fractions issues de charges provenant du procede fischer-tropsch

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US7156978B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1421157B1 (fr)
FR (1) FR2826973B1 (fr)
MY (1) MY141718A (fr)
NO (1) NO335525B1 (fr)
RU (1) RU2283858C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2003004584A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2826972B1 (fr) * 2001-07-06 2007-03-23 Inst Francais Du Petrole Procede de production de distillats moyens par hydroisomerisation et hydrocraquage d'une fraction lourde issue d'un effluent produit par le procede fischer-tropsch
FR2826971B1 (fr) * 2001-07-06 2003-09-26 Inst Francais Du Petrole Procede de production de distillats moyens par hydroisomerisation et hydrocraquage de charges issues du procede fischer-tropsch
US6949180B2 (en) * 2002-10-09 2005-09-27 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. Low toxicity Fischer-Tropsch derived fuel and process for making same
NL1026215C2 (nl) * 2003-05-19 2005-07-08 Sasol Tech Pty Ltd Koolwaterstofsamenstelling voor gebruik in CI motoren.
US7354507B2 (en) * 2004-03-17 2008-04-08 Conocophillips Company Hydroprocessing methods and apparatus for use in the preparation of liquid hydrocarbons
US7323100B2 (en) * 2004-07-16 2008-01-29 Conocophillips Company Combination of amorphous materials for hydrocracking catalysts
RU2007127901A (ru) * 2004-12-23 2009-01-27 Шелл Интернэшнл Рисерч Маатсхаппий Б.В. (NL) Способ получения двух изо-парафиновых продуктов из сырья, полученного синтезом фишера-тропша
FR2888584B1 (fr) * 2005-07-18 2010-12-10 Inst Francais Du Petrole Procede de production de distillats moyens par hydroisomerisation et hydrocraquage de charges issues du procede fischer-tropsch utilisant un lit de garde multifonctionnel
DE102005035988B4 (de) * 2005-07-28 2009-01-02 Wolf, Bodo Max, Dr.-Ing. Verfahren zur Erzeugung von flüssigen Kohlenwasserstoffen aus Gas
US7776207B2 (en) * 2006-10-05 2010-08-17 Syntroleum Corporation Process to produce middle distillate
JP5826488B2 (ja) * 2007-04-10 2015-12-02 セイソル テクノロジー （プロプライエタリー） リミテッド フィッシャー・トロプシュジェット燃料法
US20080260631A1 (en) 2007-04-18 2008-10-23 H2Gen Innovations, Inc. Hydrogen production process
FR2917419B1 (fr) 2007-06-12 2014-10-24 Inst Francais Du Petrole Procede de production de distillats moyens par hydroisomerisation et hydrocraquage d'une fraction lourde issue d'un effluent fischer-tropsch
EP2188352A1 (fr) * 2007-09-10 2010-05-26 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Procede d'hydrocraquage et d'hydroisomerisation d'une charge de depart paraffinique
FR2934794B1 (fr) * 2008-08-08 2010-10-22 Inst Francais Du Petrole Procede de production de distillats moyens par hydrocraquage de charges issues du procede fischer-trospch en presence d'un catalyseur comprenant un solide izm-2
KR102321624B1 (ko) * 2014-05-23 2021-11-04 에스케이이노베이션 주식회사 디젤 수율을 극대화할 수 있는 rfcc 공정용 접촉분해촉매 및 이의 제조방법
WO2016019403A2 (fr) 2014-07-28 2016-02-04 Sasol Technology Proprietary Limited Production d'hydrocarbures de champs pétrolifères
US10472581B2 (en) * 2016-06-30 2019-11-12 Uop Llc Process and apparatus for hydrocracking and hydroisomerizing a hydrocarbon stream

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2617412B1 (fr) * 1987-07-01 1993-05-14 Inst Francais Du Petrole Catalyseur comprenant un support mineral, du phosphore et du bore, methodes de preparation et utilisation en hydroraffinage de coupes petrolieres
US4919786A (en) * 1987-12-18 1990-04-24 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Process for the hydroisomerization of was to produce middle distillate products (OP-3403)
US4832819A (en) * 1987-12-18 1989-05-23 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Process for the hydroisomerization and hydrocracking of Fisher-Tropsch waxes to produce a syncrude and upgraded hydrocarbon products
GB9119505D0 (en) * 1991-09-12 1991-10-23 Shell Int Research Process for the preparation of middle distillates
AU666960B2 (en) * 1992-08-18 1996-02-29 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Process for the preparation of hydrocarbon fuels
CA2104044C (fr) * 1992-08-25 2004-11-02 Johan W. Gosselink Procede pour la preparation d'olefines inferieures
US5378348A (en) * 1993-07-22 1995-01-03 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Distillate fuel production from Fischer-Tropsch wax
EP0848992B1 (fr) * 1996-12-17 2002-03-27 Institut Francais Du Petrole Catalyseur contenant du bore et du silicium et son utilisation en hydrotraitement de charges hydrocarbonées
US6113775A (en) * 1997-12-05 2000-09-05 Uop Llc Split end hydrocracking process
CA2365990C (fr) * 1999-04-06 2006-07-18 Sasol Technology (Pty) Ltd. Procede de production d'un combustible de naphte synthetique, et combustible de naphte synthetique obtenu par ce procede
FR2792851B1 (fr) * 1999-04-29 2002-04-05 Inst Francais Du Petrole Catalyseur a base de metal noble faiblement disperse et son utilisation pour la conversion de charges hydrocarbonees
EP1101813B1 (fr) * 1999-11-19 2014-03-19 ENI S.p.A. Procédé pour la préparation de distillats moyens à partir de paraffines linéaires

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO20035837L (no) 2004-03-04
NO335525B1 (no) 2014-12-22
MY141718A (en) 2010-06-15
RU2283858C2 (ru) 2006-09-20
US7156978B2 (en) 2007-01-02
EP1421157B1 (fr) 2012-08-15
FR2826973A1 (fr) 2003-01-10
EP1421157A1 (fr) 2004-05-26
WO2003004584A1 (fr) 2003-01-16
RU2004103463A (ru) 2005-08-10
US20030057133A1 (en) 2003-03-27

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