FR2738444A1 - Self-oscillating electronic ballast with single transformer for fluorescent lamps - Google Patents
Self-oscillating electronic ballast with single transformer for fluorescent lamps Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- FR2738444A1 FR2738444A1 FR9510510A FR9510510A FR2738444A1 FR 2738444 A1 FR2738444 A1 FR 2738444A1 FR 9510510 A FR9510510 A FR 9510510A FR 9510510 A FR9510510 A FR 9510510A FR 2738444 A1 FR2738444 A1 FR 2738444A1
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- France
- Prior art keywords
- circuit
- self
- electronic ballast
- oscillating
- current
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
- H02M7/5383—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a self-oscillating arrangement
- H02M7/53832—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a self-oscillating arrangement in a push-pull arrangement
- H02M7/53835—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a self-oscillating arrangement in a push-pull arrangement of the parallel type
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
- H05B41/14—Circuit arrangements
- H05B41/26—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc
- H05B41/28—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters
- H05B41/295—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters with semiconductor devices and specially adapted for lamps with preheating electrodes, e.g. for fluorescent lamps
- H05B41/298—Arrangements for protecting lamps or circuits against abnormal operating conditions
- H05B41/2981—Arrangements for protecting lamps or circuits against abnormal operating conditions for protecting the circuit against abnormal operating conditions
- H05B41/2985—Arrangements for protecting lamps or circuits against abnormal operating conditions for protecting the circuit against abnormal operating conditions against abnormal lamp operating conditions
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Circuit Arrangements For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
Abstract
Description
BALLAST ELECTRONIQUE AUTO-OSCILLANT A TRANSFORMATEUR UNIQUE
SPéCIAL ET PROTECTION CONTRE LES ALLUMAGES SANS CHARGE
La présente invention concerne les dispositifs propres à alimenter, à partir du réseau alternatif de distribution, un tube fluorescent à décharge, dispositifs coummunément appelés "ballasts électroniques".SELF-SWITCHING ELECTRONIC BALLAST WITH SINGLE TRANSFORMER
SPECIAL AND NON-LOAD IGNITION PROTECTION
The present invention relates to devices adapted to supply, from the alternative distribution network, a fluorescent discharge tube, devices commonly called "electronic ballasts".
Plusieurs brevets ont déjà decrit les moyens propres à construire de tels dispositifs, notamment, pour les systèmes ne comportant qu'un seul transformateur, les brevets français 2696311 et international EP 0535911A1. Several patents have already described the means for constructing such devices, in particular, for systems comprising only one transformer, the French patents 2696311 and international EP 0535911A1.
De nombreuses améliorations ont déjà été apportées par des brevets antérieurs concernant le filtrage des parasites et la consommation électrique. Mais de tels systèmes ne prévoyaient pas de protection contre contre les allumages sans charge (par exemple un tube fluorescent mal branché ou un filament coupé), ce qui peut être à l'origine d'accidents. Many improvements have already been made by prior patents for noise filtering and power consumption. But such systems did not provide protection against ignitions without load (eg a poorly connected fluorescent tube or a cut filament), which can be the cause of accidents.
La présente invention concerne un ballast électronique auto-oscillant du type comprenant un convertisseur continualternatif à haute fréquence, caractérisé en ce que:
- le circuit résonnant Lu du convertissseur autooscillant se referme par l'intermédiaire des filaments de la lampe et du circuit de préchauffage et démarrage (30-31-32);
- I'inductance du circuit résonnant est constitué par l'un des enroulements talai d'un unique transformateur à faible niveau de saturation;
Entre l'alimentation et le circuit auto-oscillant se place un condensateur de démarrage qui peut être court-circuité par un circuit de protection (E > en cas de surcharge.Le circuit de protection (E > est constitué par une résistance (18), une diode (17) et un transistor (10) placés en série et protégés par deux résistances (13) et (15). Le convertisseur utilisé, par ailleurs, est de préférence de type demi-pont.The present invention relates to a self-oscillating electronic ballast of the type comprising a high frequency continualternative converter, characterized in that:
the resonant circuit Lu of the auto-oscillating converter is closed by means of the filaments of the lamp and the preheating and starting circuit (30-31-32);
The inductance of the resonant circuit is constituted by one of the talai windings of a single transformer with a low saturation level;
Between the power supply and the self-oscillating circuit is a starting capacitor which can be short-circuited by a protection circuit (E> in case of overload.The protection circuit (E> consists of a resistor (18) , a diode (17) and a transistor (10) placed in series and protected by two resistors (13) and (15) The converter used, moreover, is preferably half-bridge type.
Le dispositif selon l'invention permet d'éliminer ce risque en ne faisant appel qu'à un circuit auto-oscillant (pas de composant électronique comme des micro-processeurs) et pré- sente par ailleurs plusieurs autres avantages:
- augmentation du rendement;
- diminution des risques de saturation;
- court de fabrication moins élevé;
- moins de surchauffe;
- consommation électrique trois fois inférieure à celle d'un dispositif classique;
- limitation de l'usure du tube fluorescent.The device according to the invention eliminates this risk by using only a self-oscillating circuit (no electronic component such as micro-processors) and also has several other advantages:
- increase in yield;
- reduced risks of saturation;
- shorter production runs;
- less overheating;
- electrical consumption three times lower than that of a conventional device;
- limitation of the wear of the fluorescent tube.
Le dispositif, illustré par le schéma, est constitué de quatre parties principales:
- le circuit de filtrage et de redressage (A) de l'alimentation, directement relié par ses bornes tOa) et (Obi au ré seau alternatif, et delivrant à sa sortie, via les bornes (7a) et (7b), un courant continu,
- le dispositif de démarrage du ballast, constitué d'un circuit de démarrage (B) alimenté par le circuit (A) décrit pré cédemment, du circuit de préchauffage et de protection (C) du filament contre les allumages sans charge, le tube fluorescent se connectant au circuit (C) par l'intermédiaire des bornes F1 et F2,
- les circuits auto-oscillant (D > et de protection contre les surtensions tE). The device, illustrated by the diagram, consists of four main parts:
- The filtering circuit and straightening (A) of the power supply, directly connected by its terminals tOa) and (Obi to the AC network, and delivering at its output, via the terminals (7a) and (7b), a current continued,
- the ballast starting device, consisting of a starting circuit (B) powered by the circuit (A) previously described, the preheating circuit and protection (C) of the filament against ignitions without load, the fluorescent tube connecting to the circuit (C) via terminals F1 and F2,
- self-oscillating circuits (D> and overvoltage protection tE).
Le ballast ainsi constitué est soumis aux conditions édictées dans l'introduction, à savoir pas de fonctionnement en cas de surtension ou en l'absence de charge. En effet, après filtrage et redressage par le dispositif (A), le courant issu de sa borne positive vtb) est envoyé, après passage à travers l'un des enroulements du transformateur, à la borne F1 du circuit de préchauffage (C), donc à l'une des bornes du filament. En cas de faux contact, ou lorsqu'il n'y a pas de charge, le courant ne peut pas transiter (le tube joue ici un rôle similaire à celui d'un interrupteur) et de ce fait le circuit auto-oscillant (D) ne s'amorce pas: I'allumage du tube n'est pas réalisé.Dans le cas contraire (tube correctement branché), le courant vient ali menter le circuit de démarrage et permet l'amorçage du système auto-oscillant (D). Le courant à haute fréquence qui en est issu permet, via le point chaud, I'allumage du tube fluorescent. Le second dispositif de protection (E) est relié à la borne néga- tive 7a de l'ensemble (A). En cas de surtension, le courant alimentant le circuit de démarrage (B) est court-circuité et envoyé à la masse, ce qui permet l'arrêt du circuit auto-oscillant:
I'allumage, ou le maintien de l'allumage du tube n'est pas réalisé.The ballast thus formed is subject to the conditions laid down in the introduction, namely no operation in the event of overvoltage or no load. Indeed, after filtering and straightening by the device (A), the current coming from its positive terminal vtb) is sent, after passing through one of the windings of the transformer, to the terminal F1 of the preheating circuit (C), therefore at one of the terminals of the filament. In case of false contact, or when there is no load, the current can not pass (the tube here plays a role similar to that of a switch) and thus the self-oscillating circuit (D ) does not start: the ignition of the tube is not carried out. In the opposite case (tube is correctly connected), the current supplies the starting circuit and allows the self-oscillating system to be primed (D) . The resulting high-frequency current allows the ignition of the fluorescent tube via the hot spot. The second protection device (E) is connected to the negative terminal 7a of the assembly (A). In case of overvoltage, the current supplying the starting circuit (B) is short-circuited and sent to ground, which allows the self-oscillating circuit to stop:
Ignition, or maintaining the ignition of the tube is not realized.
Ce ballast fait par ailleurs usage d'un transformateur unique d'un type particulier dont l'un des enroulements est traversé, comme décrit plus haut, par le courant circulant de (B) vers (C), les deux autres intervenant dans le système autooscillant. Un circuit RLC constitué à partir de cet enroulement, du filament du tube fluorescent et d'un condensateur qui sera placé au point chaud, de même fréquence de résonnance que les oscillations de (D > permet de récupérer leur énergie de sortie et de la renvoyer vers le tube. Ce qui permet d'augumenter le rendement. This ballast also uses a single transformer of a particular type, one of the windings is traversed, as described above, the current flowing from (B) to (C), the other two involved in the system self-oscillating. A RLC circuit formed from this winding, the filament of the fluorescent tube and a capacitor which will be placed at the hot point, of the same resonance frequency as the oscillations of (D> allows to recover their energy output and send it back to the tube, which augments the yield.
Un mode de réalisation pratique du dispositif est proposé sur le schéma de la figure ci-indexée. Les sections (A) et (D) de la figure étant de types classiques, la description concernera essentiellement les parties (B), (C) et (D). La section (A) est constituée des éléments suivants:
- un circuit de protection (I) relié au réseau alternatif par ses bornes d'entrée (Oa) et(Ob);
- à la sortie de (I) est branché un filtre anti-parasite de type double fol constitué des deux enroulements (T2a > et (T2b) d'un transformateur classique et des deux condensateurs (3) et (4);
- ce filtre est relié à sa sortie à un redresseur d'alimentation classique en demi-pont (pont de diodes).A practical embodiment of the device is proposed in the diagram of the ci-indexed figure. The sections (A) and (D) of the figure being of conventional types, the description will essentially concern parts (B), (C) and (D). Section (A) consists of the following elements:
- a protection circuit (I) connected to the AC network by its input terminals (Oa) and (Ob);
- At the output of (I) is connected a dual fol type anti-parasitic filter consisting of two windings (T2a> and (T2b) of a conventional transformer and two capacitors (3) and (4);
- This filter is connected to its output to a conventional half-bridge power rectifier (diode bridge).
Le courant délivré à l'issue du passage du courant alternatif du réseau à travers l'ensemble (A) est continu.The current delivered at the end of the passage of the alternating current of the network through the assembly (A) is continuous.
A la borne positive (7b) de ce dispositif (A) est con necté le dispositif (B), constitué des éléments en série: I'en roulement (Tla) du transformateur à bas niveau de saturation, la borne F2 du filament du tube fluorescent, puis l'ensemble noté (II), constitué d'un PTC (30), d'un condensateur (31) et d'une résistance (32) branchés en parallèle. A la sortie de (II) enfin est connectée la borne F1 du fi lament.Avant 1 'amorçage, le tube fluorescent présente une impédance élevée, ce qui oblige le courant à transiter via (II). D'autre part, le tube joue ici le rô- le d'un interrupteur, en permettant la circulation du courant uniquement s'il est correctement branché, ce qui supprime le risque d'allumage sans charge ou avec mauvais contact. At the positive terminal (7b) of this device (A) is connected the device (B) consisting of the elements in series: the rolling (Tla) of the transformer at low saturation level, the terminal F2 of the tube filament fluorescent, then the whole noted (II), consisting of a PTC (30), a capacitor (31) and a resistor (32) connected in parallel. Finally, the terminal F1 of the filament is connected to the output of (II). Before the initiation, the fluorescent tube has a high impedance, which forces the current to pass via (II). On the other hand, the tube plays the role of a switch, allowing the flow of current only if it is properly connected, which eliminates the risk of ignition without charge or with poor contact.
Le courant à la sortie du dispositif (B) va ensuite charger, a travers la résistance (9) le condensateur (8). Lorsque celui-ci est complètement chargé, la tension devient suffisante aux bornes du diac (11) pour permettre le passage du courant via ce même diac (11) dans le circuit auto-oscillant (O). L'ensemble (8)-(9)-(11) constitue le circuit de démarrage. The current at the output of the device (B) will then charge the capacitor (8) through the resistor (9). When it is fully charged, the voltage becomes sufficient across the diac (11) to allow the passage of the current through the same diac (11) in the self-oscillating circuit (O). The assembly (8) - (9) - (11) constitutes the starting circuit.
Ce dernier sera, tout comme le dispositif (A), du type classique Push-Pull, dans lequel interviennent les deux autres enroulements (Tlb) et (T1c) du transformateur. A la sortie de puissance de (D), sortie dite "point chaud", le courant délivré est un courant alternatif à haute fréquence et va alimenter, à travers le condensateur (29i, le tube fluorescent, permettant 1 'amorçage de ce dernier. Après 1 'amorçage, le tube présente une impédance de l'ordre de 270 ohms. The latter will be, like the device (A), the conventional type Push-Pull, in which intervene the two other windings (Tlb) and (T1c) of the transformer. At the power output of (D), the so-called "hot spot" output, the delivered current is a high-frequency alternating current and will supply, through the capacitor (29i, the fluorescent tube, allowing the latter to be primed. After priming, the tube has an impedance of the order of 270 ohms.
Le second dispositif de sécurité (E) est relié à la borne négative de sortie de (A). Dans une utilisation normale (sans surtension), la tension aux bornes de la résistance (18) traversée par le courant issu de 7a est inférieure à la tension de seuil de la diode (17): il ne se passe rien. En cas de surtension, la diode (17) devient passante, et le courant vient charger le condensateur (19), qui permet de ménager un délai avant envoi du courant vers le transistor (10). La tension aux bornes de ce dernier devient alors suffisante à son tour pour le rendre passant: le courant en provenance de (9i est court-circuité et envoyé à la masse. Ce qui a pour conséquence d'arrêter le circuit de démarrage, donc le système auto-oscillant, et donc l'allumage du tube fluorescent. Les résistances (15) et (13) assurent la protection du condensateur (19) et du transistor (10). The second safety device (E) is connected to the negative output terminal of (A). In normal use (without overvoltage), the voltage across the resistor (18) traversed by the current from 7a is lower than the threshold voltage of the diode (17): nothing happens. In case of overvoltage, the diode (17) becomes conductive, and the current charges the capacitor (19), which allows a delay before sending the current to the transistor (10). The voltage at the terminals of the latter then becomes sufficient in turn to turn it on: the current coming from (9i is short-circuited and sent to ground, which has the consequence of stopping the starting circuit, so the self-oscillating system, and thus the ignition of the fluorescent tube.The resistors (15) and (13) provide protection of the capacitor (19) and the transistor (10).
Le dernier dispositif en usage est le transformateur u nique dont l'enroulement (Tla) intervient dans le circuit RLC constitué, outre de (Tla), du condensateur (29) et du filament du tube fluorescent (résistance d'environ 270 ohms). Les composants de ce circuit sont choisis de telle sorte que la fréquence de résonnance soit égale à celle du circuit auto-oscillant. En conséquence, une partie de l'énergie libérée au niveau des enroulements Tlb et Tîc inclus dans le système (D) est récupérée et réinjectée dans le tube fluorescent, permettant ainsi d'augmenter le rendement du ballast. The last device in use is the vertical transformer whose winding (Tla) intervenes in the RLC circuit formed, besides (Tla), the capacitor (29) and the filament of the fluorescent tube (resistance of about 270 ohms). The components of this circuit are chosen such that the resonance frequency is equal to that of the self-oscillating circuit. As a result, part of the energy released at the windings Tlb and Tcc included in the system (D) is recovered and fed back into the fluorescent tube, thereby increasing the efficiency of the ballast.
Claims (4)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9510510A FR2738444A1 (en) | 1995-09-06 | 1995-09-06 | Self-oscillating electronic ballast with single transformer for fluorescent lamps |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9510510A FR2738444A1 (en) | 1995-09-06 | 1995-09-06 | Self-oscillating electronic ballast with single transformer for fluorescent lamps |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| FR2738444A1 true FR2738444A1 (en) | 1997-03-07 |
Family
ID=9482362
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9510510A Withdrawn FR2738444A1 (en) | 1995-09-06 | 1995-09-06 | Self-oscillating electronic ballast with single transformer for fluorescent lamps |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| FR (1) | FR2738444A1 (en) |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4689524A (en) * | 1985-10-04 | 1987-08-25 | Alexander Ureche | Fluorescent lamp ballast |
| EP0330118A2 (en) * | 1988-02-22 | 1989-08-30 | Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH | Drive circuitry for a low-pressure discharge lamp |
| US5023516A (en) * | 1988-05-10 | 1991-06-11 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Discharge lamp operation apparatus |
| US5138236A (en) * | 1991-05-28 | 1992-08-11 | Motorola, Inc. | Circuit for driving a gas discharge lamp load |
| DE4121009A1 (en) * | 1991-06-21 | 1992-12-24 | Prolux Maschinenbau Gmbh | CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENT FOR OPERATING A DISCHARGE LAMP |
| WO1996010898A2 (en) * | 1994-09-30 | 1996-04-11 | Pacific Scientific Company | Improvements in ballast circuit for fluorescent lamps |
-
1995
- 1995-09-06 FR FR9510510A patent/FR2738444A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4689524A (en) * | 1985-10-04 | 1987-08-25 | Alexander Ureche | Fluorescent lamp ballast |
| EP0330118A2 (en) * | 1988-02-22 | 1989-08-30 | Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH | Drive circuitry for a low-pressure discharge lamp |
| US5023516A (en) * | 1988-05-10 | 1991-06-11 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Discharge lamp operation apparatus |
| US5138236A (en) * | 1991-05-28 | 1992-08-11 | Motorola, Inc. | Circuit for driving a gas discharge lamp load |
| US5138236B1 (en) * | 1991-05-28 | 1996-11-26 | Motorola Lighting Inc | Circuit for driving a gas discharge lamp load |
| DE4121009A1 (en) * | 1991-06-21 | 1992-12-24 | Prolux Maschinenbau Gmbh | CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENT FOR OPERATING A DISCHARGE LAMP |
| WO1996010898A2 (en) * | 1994-09-30 | 1996-04-11 | Pacific Scientific Company | Improvements in ballast circuit for fluorescent lamps |
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| ST | Notification of lapse | ||
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| RN | Application for restoration | ||
| FC | Decision of inpi director general to approve request for restoration | ||
| ST | Notification of lapse |