FR2686374A1 - Method and device for neutralising the effects, on stratospheric ozone, of high-altitude emissions of oxides of nitrogen, the emissions being due to subsonic or supersonic aviation - Google Patents

Method and device for neutralising the effects, on stratospheric ozone, of high-altitude emissions of oxides of nitrogen, the emissions being due to subsonic or supersonic aviation Download PDF

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Publication number
FR2686374A1
FR2686374A1 FR9200494A FR9200494A FR2686374A1 FR 2686374 A1 FR2686374 A1 FR 2686374A1 FR 9200494 A FR9200494 A FR 9200494A FR 9200494 A FR9200494 A FR 9200494A FR 2686374 A1 FR2686374 A1 FR 2686374A1
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neutralizing
product
emissions
exhaust gases
nitrogen oxides
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FR9200494A
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French (fr)
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FR2686374B1 (en
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Joatton Rene
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/54—Nitrogen compounds
    • B01D53/56—Nitrogen oxides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
    • B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D1/00—Dropping, ejecting, releasing, or receiving articles, liquids, or the like, in flight
    • B64D1/16—Dropping or releasing powdered, liquid, or gaseous matter, e.g. for fire-fighting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
    • F01N2570/14—Nitrogen oxides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/206—Adding periodically or continuously substances to exhaust gases for promoting purification, e.g. catalytic material in liquid form, NOx reducing agents

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method and to a device for neutralising the effects, on stratospheric ozone, of high-altitude emissions of oxides of nitrogen, the emissions being due to subsonic or supersonic aviation. This method is characterised in that a liquid or gaseous neutralising product, that is to say one reacting with oxides of nitrogen in order eventually to destroy them and convert them into products of decomposition which are not detrimental as regards stratospheric ozone, into the exhaust gases of the engine, and the flowrate of neutralising product is slaved, in particular, to the fuel consumption.

Description

La présente invention concerne un procédé et un dispositif pour neutraliser les effets, sur l'ozone stratosphérique, des émissions, à haute altitude, d'oxydes de l'azote, dues à l'aviation subsonique ou supersonique. The present invention relates to a method and a device for neutralizing the effects on stratospheric ozone of emissions, at high altitude, of nitrogen oxides, due to subsonic or supersonic aviation.

I1 est bien connu que les oxydes de l'azote et notamment l'oxyde azotique NO2 détruisent, par une série de réactions photochimiques, l'ozone stratosphérique. Or les gaz d'échappement produits par des avions volant à haute altitude ont une teneur relativement élevée en oxydes d'azote et sont donc particuliérement nuisibles pour l'environnement. It is well known that nitrogen oxides and in particular nitrogen oxide NO2 destroy, by a series of photochemical reactions, stratospheric ozone. However, the exhaust gases produced by aircraft flying at high altitudes have a relatively high content of nitrogen oxides and are therefore particularly harmful to the environment.

La présente invention vise à procurer un procédé et un dispositif permettant, par des moyens très simples, de détruire les oxydes d'azote produits par la combustion d'un carburant et de créer, à partir de ces oxydes d'azote, des produits de décomposition non dangereux à l'égard de l'ozone stratosphérique. The present invention aims to provide a method and a device allowing, by very simple means, to destroy the nitrogen oxides produced by the combustion of a fuel and to create, from these nitrogen oxides, products of non-hazardous decomposition towards stratospheric ozone.

A cet effet ce procédé pour neutraliser les effets, sur l'ozone stratosphérique, des émissions, à haute altitude, d'oxydes d'azote présents dans les gaz d'échappement des moteurs d'avions subsoniques ou supersoniques, est caractérisé en ce qu'on injecte, dans le panache des gaz d'échappement du moteur, un produit neutralisant, liquide ou gazeux, c'est-à-dire réagissant avec les oxydes d'azote pour les détruire à terme et les transformer en produits de décomposition non nuisibles à l'égard de l'ozone stratosphérique, et on asservit le débit de produit neutralisant notamment à la consommation de carburant. To this end, this process for neutralizing the effects on stratospheric ozone of emissions, at high altitude, of nitrogen oxides present in the exhaust gases of engines of subsonic or supersonic aircraft, is characterized in that '' is injected into the plume of engine exhaust gases, a neutralizing product, liquid or gaseous, that is to say reacting with nitrogen oxides to destroy them over time and transform them into non-decomposing products harmful to stratospheric ozone, and the flow of neutralizing product is controlled in particular to fuel consumption.

L'invention a également pour objet un dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé précité, ce dispositif étant caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une source d'un produit neutralisant, sous forme liquide ou gazeuse sous pression, laquelle est reliée à la circulation interne et/ou externe des gaz d'échappement du moteur par l'intermédiaire d'une vanne asservie de manière à laisser passer un débit de produit neutralisant vers les gaz d'échappement qui soit fonction des caractéristiques de fonctionnement du moteur. The invention also relates to a device for implementing the above method, this device being characterized in that it comprises a source of a neutralizing product, in liquid or gaseous form under pressure, which is connected to the circulation internal and / or external of the engine exhaust gases via a controlled valve so as to allow a neutralizing product flow to the exhaust gases which is a function of the operating characteristics of the engine.

Le produit utilisé pour la neutralisation des effets des oxydes d'azote peut être notamment de l'eau, du méthane, des produits hydrocarbonés ou d'autres produits à action semblable, ce produit neutralisant étant stocké dans un réservoir spécifique de l'avion, sous une forme liquide ou gazeuse sous pression, ou bien encore étant obtenu à bord de l'avion par un procédé approprié thermique, catalytique ou associant ces deux voies. The product used for neutralizing the effects of nitrogen oxides can be in particular water, methane, hydrocarbon products or other products with similar action, this neutralizing product being stored in a specific tank of the aircraft, in a liquid or gaseous form under pressure, or alternatively being obtained on board the aircraft by an appropriate thermal, catalytic process or combining these two routes.

La quantité d'oxyde azotique NO2 émise par un moteur (tel qu'un réacteur) d'avion est proportionnelle à la consommation de carburant C, mesurée par un débitmètre, et à l'indice d'émission I, qui est égal au rapport entre la masse, en grammes, d'oxyde azotique NO2 dans les gaz d'échappement et la masse, en kilogrammes, du carburant consommé correspondant, cet indice d'émission I étant une fonction prédéterminée de la richesse stoechiométrique de mélange R. Cette dernière est accessible par une mesure du débit de l'air comburant dans les conditions de température et de pression liées au régime de la chambre de combustion et à l'altitude de vol. The quantity of nitrogen oxide NO2 emitted by an aircraft engine (such as a reactor) is proportional to the fuel consumption C, measured by a flow meter, and to the emission index I, which is equal to the ratio between the mass, in grams, of nitrogen oxide NO2 in the exhaust gases and the mass, in kilograms, of the corresponding consumed fuel, this emission index I being a predetermined function of the stoichiometric richness of mixture R. The latter is accessible by measuring the combustion air flow under the temperature and pressure conditions related to the combustion chamber regime and the flight altitude.

Le débit N d'oxyde azotique NO2 est alors N = KCI. Le dispositif suivant l'invention comprend des moyens pour calculer, en fonction du débit d'oxyde azotique N, un débit de gaz neutralisant devant etre injecté dans les gaz d'échappement. Le débit désiré de gaz neutralisant est obtenu en réglant d'une manière corrélative une servovanne branchée entre la source de gaz neutralisant et le panache des gaz d'échappement. En première approximation le débit L de gaz neutralisant est donné par L = K'CI, mais plus généralement, prend la forme L(K,K',C,I). Les coefficients K et K' sont tabulés à partir des données thermocinétiques du niveau de vol considéré, dont les teneurs externes en oxydes de l'azote. Ces dernières peuvent être déterminées soit par des mesures effectuées à partir de l'avion lui-même, tant locales qu'à distance - par exemple par spectrométrie - soit par des mesures transmises à partir de points de mesure terrestres ou aéroportés.  The flow N of nitrogen oxide NO2 is then N = KCI. The device according to the invention comprises means for calculating, as a function of the nitrogen oxide flow rate N, a flow rate of neutralizing gas to be injected into the exhaust gases. The desired flow rate of neutralizing gas is obtained by correspondingly adjusting a servovalve connected between the source of neutralizing gas and the plume of exhaust gases. As a first approximation, the flow L of neutralizing gas is given by L = K'CI, but more generally, takes the form L (K, K ', C, I). The coefficients K and K 'are tabulated on the basis of the thermokinetic data of the flight level considered, including the external contents of nitrogen oxides. These can be determined either by measurements made from the aircraft itself, both locally and remotely - for example by spectrometry - or by measurements transmitted from land or airborne measurement points.

Claims (6)

REVENDICATIONS 1.- Procédé pour neutraliser les effets, sur l'ozone stratosphérique, des émissions, à haute altitude, d'oxydes d'azote présents dans le panache des gaz d'échappement des moteurs d'avions subsoniques ou supersoniques, caractérisé en ce qu'on injecte, dans le panache des gaz d'échappement du moteur, un produit neutralisant, liquide ou gazeux, c'est-àdire réagissant avec les oxydes d'azote pour les détruire à terme et les transformer en produits de décomposition non nuisibles à l'égard de l'ozone stratosphérique, et on asservit le débit de produit neutralisant notamment à la consommation de carburant. 1.- Method for neutralizing the effects, on stratospheric ozone, of emissions, at high altitude, of nitrogen oxides present in the plume of exhaust gases from engines of subsonic or supersonic aircraft, characterized in that '' is injected into the plume of engine exhaust gases, a neutralizing product, liquid or gaseous, that is to say reacting with nitrogen oxides to destroy them over time and transform them into decomposition products not harmful to with respect to stratospheric ozone, and the flow of neutralizing product is controlled in particular to fuel consumption. 2.- Procédé suivant la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce que le produit neutralisant est obtenu à bord de l'avion par un procédé thermique, catalytique ou associant ces deux voies. 2.- Method according to claim 1 characterized in that the neutralizing product is obtained on board the aircraft by a thermal, catalytic process or combining these two routes. 3.- Procédé suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 et 2 caractérisé en ce qu'on régule, au moyen d'une vanne asservie, l'émission du produit neutralisant en tenant compte également du niveau des oxydes de l'azote dans l'environnement atmosphérique où circule l'avion, ce niveau faisant l'objet soit de mesures effectuées à partir de l'avion lui-meme, tant locales qu'à distance - par exemple par spectrométrie -, soit de mesures retransmises effectuées du sol ou d'un autre véhicule aérien. 3.- A method according to any one of claims 1 and 2 characterized in that it regulates, by means of a slave valve, the emission of the neutralizing product also taking into account the level of nitrogen oxides in l atmospheric environment in which the airplane circulates, this level being the subject either of measurements made from the airplane itself, both local and at a distance - for example by spectrometry -, or of retransmitted measurements made from the ground or from another aerial vehicle. 4.- Dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé suivant la revendications 1 caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une source d'un produit neutralisant, sous forme liquide ou gazeuse sous pression, laquelle est reliée au panache des gaz d'échappement du moteur par l'intermédiaire d'une vanne asservie de manière à laisser passer un débit de produit neutralisant vers les gaz d'échappement qui soit fonction des caractéristiques de fonctionnement du moteur au régime et au niveau de vol considérés. 4.- Device for implementing the method according to claim 1 characterized in that it comprises a source of a neutralizing product, in liquid or gaseous form under pressure, which is connected to the plume of engine exhaust gases by means of a slave valve so as to allow a flow of neutralizing product to pass to the exhaust gases which is a function of the operating characteristics of the engine at the speed and flight level considered. 5.- Dispositif suivant la revendication 4 caractérisé en ce que le produit utilisé pour la neutralisation des effets des oxydes d'azote est de l'eau, du méthane, des produits hydrocarbonés ou d'autres produits à action semblable. 5.- Device according to claim 4 characterized in that the product used for neutralizing the effects of nitrogen oxides is water, methane, hydrocarbon products or other products with similar action. 6.- Dispositif suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 4 et 5 caractérisé en ce que le produit neutralisant est stocké dans un réservoir spécifique de l'avion, sous une forme liquide ou gazeuse sous pression.  6.- Device according to any one of claims 4 and 5 characterized in that the neutralizing product is stored in a specific tank of the aircraft, in a liquid or gaseous form under pressure.
FR9200494A 1992-01-17 1992-01-17 Method and device for neutralising the effects, on stratospheric ozone, of high-altitude emissions of oxides of nitrogen, the emissions being due to subsonic or supersonic aviation Granted FR2686374A1 (en)

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FR9200494A FR2686374A1 (en) 1992-01-17 1992-01-17 Method and device for neutralising the effects, on stratospheric ozone, of high-altitude emissions of oxides of nitrogen, the emissions being due to subsonic or supersonic aviation

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FR9200494A FR2686374A1 (en) 1992-01-17 1992-01-17 Method and device for neutralising the effects, on stratospheric ozone, of high-altitude emissions of oxides of nitrogen, the emissions being due to subsonic or supersonic aviation

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FR2686374A1 true FR2686374A1 (en) 1993-07-23
FR2686374B1 FR2686374B1 (en) 1995-05-05

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3839846A (en) * 1972-05-03 1974-10-08 Teller Environmental Systems Process and apparatus for treatment of jet engine exhaust
EP0196842A1 (en) * 1985-03-22 1986-10-08 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Improved method for reducing combustion effluent NOx emissions
US4766725A (en) * 1985-12-24 1988-08-30 Scipar, Inc. Method of suppressing formation of contrails and solution therefor
EP0380143A2 (en) * 1986-10-07 1990-08-01 Nippon Kokan Kabushiki Kaisha An apparatus for denitration of exhaust gas

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3839846A (en) * 1972-05-03 1974-10-08 Teller Environmental Systems Process and apparatus for treatment of jet engine exhaust
EP0196842A1 (en) * 1985-03-22 1986-10-08 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Improved method for reducing combustion effluent NOx emissions
US4766725A (en) * 1985-12-24 1988-08-30 Scipar, Inc. Method of suppressing formation of contrails and solution therefor
EP0380143A2 (en) * 1986-10-07 1990-08-01 Nippon Kokan Kabushiki Kaisha An apparatus for denitration of exhaust gas

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