FR2635362A1 - Method for manufacturing ball raceways, and member provided with a raceway - Google Patents
Method for manufacturing ball raceways, and member provided with a raceway Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- FR2635362A1 FR2635362A1 FR8904576A FR8904576A FR2635362A1 FR 2635362 A1 FR2635362 A1 FR 2635362A1 FR 8904576 A FR8904576 A FR 8904576A FR 8904576 A FR8904576 A FR 8904576A FR 2635362 A1 FR2635362 A1 FR 2635362A1
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- raceway
- raceways
- balls
- machining
- groove
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 25
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000009941 weaving Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
- F16D3/16—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
- F16D3/20—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members
- F16D3/22—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts
- F16D3/223—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K1/00—Making machine elements
- B21K1/76—Making machine elements elements not mentioned in one of the preceding groups
- B21K1/762—Coupling members for conveying mechanical motion, e.g. universal joints
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K1/00—Making machine elements
- B21K1/76—Making machine elements elements not mentioned in one of the preceding groups
- B21K1/762—Coupling members for conveying mechanical motion, e.g. universal joints
- B21K1/765—Outer elements of coupling members
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B19/00—Single-purpose machines or devices for particular grinding operations not covered by any other main group
- B24B19/02—Single-purpose machines or devices for particular grinding operations not covered by any other main group for grinding grooves, e.g. on shafts, in casings, in tubes, homokinetic joint elements
- B24B19/06—Single-purpose machines or devices for particular grinding operations not covered by any other main group for grinding grooves, e.g. on shafts, in casings, in tubes, homokinetic joint elements for grinding races, e.g. roller races
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
- F16D3/16—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
- F16D3/20—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members
- F16D3/22—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts
- F16D3/223—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts
- F16D3/224—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts the groove centre-lines in each coupling part lying on a sphere
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P2700/00—Indexing scheme relating to the articles being treated, e.g. manufactured, repaired, assembled, connected or other operations covered in the subgroups
- B23P2700/11—Joints, e.g. ball joints, universal joints
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
- F16D3/16—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
- F16D3/20—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members
- F16D3/22—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts
- F16D3/223—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts
- F16D2003/22309—Details of grooves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D2250/00—Manufacturing; Assembly
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)
Abstract
Description
La présente invention concerne un procédé de fabrication de chemins de roulement de billes dans des organes, ainsi que les organes ayant de tels chemins de roulement. Plus précisément, elle concerne la fabrication de chemins de roulement très précis formés dans les bagues internes ou externes des joints univers ls. The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing ball raceways in members, as well as the members having such raceways. More specifically, it relates to the manufacture of very precise raceways formed in the internal or external rings of the universal joints.
Il existe de nombreux éléments mécaniques ayant des chemins de roulement de billes destinés à coopérer avec des billes assurant un support. Ces chemins de roulement peuvent être réalisés de nombreuses manières, notamment par formation d'un chemin de roulement de billes directement dans l'organe lorsque celui-ci est forgé ou moulé, par usinage, rectification ou formage à froid d'un chemin de roulement dans une pièce brute, ou par forgeage ou formage à froid d'un chemin de roulement initialement formé à des dimensions grossières dans une opération antérieure de fabrication de l'organe, le chemin de roulement étant ainsi rectifié ou usiné à la configuration précise nécessaire. Ce dernier procédé est le plus courant lorsque le chemin de roulement de billes doit avoir une configuration prédéterminée puisque les dimensions précises sont obtenues sans perte notable du matériau. There are many mechanical elements having ball raceways intended to cooperate with balls providing support. These raceways can be produced in many ways, in particular by forming a ball raceway directly in the member when the latter is forged or molded, by machining, rectification or cold forming of a raceway. in a raw part, or by forging or cold forming of a raceway initially formed to coarse dimensions in a previous operation of manufacturing the member, the raceway being thus rectified or machined to the precise configuration required. This latter method is most common when the ball raceway must have a predetermined configuration since the precise dimensions are obtained without significant loss of material.
En outre, ce procédé provoque une moindre usure de l'outil d'usinage ou de rectification que dans le cas où le chemin de roulement est rectifié ou usiné dans une pièce dans laquelle le chemin de roulement n'a pas été formé initialement.In addition, this method causes less wear of the machining or grinding tool than in the case where the raceway is rectified or machined in a part in which the raceway was not formed initially.
Par exemple, des chemins de roulement de billes très précis sont nécessaires par exemple dans les organes formant les bagues internes et externes des joints universels dans lesquels un couple est transmis entre des éléments tels que des billes placées dans les chemins de roulement formés dans lesdits organes. Dans un mode de réalisation de joint universel, appelé joint Rzeppa, décrit d'abord dans les brevets des Etats-Unis d'Amérique n0 2 046 584 et 1 665 280, les chemins de roulement sont disposés dans des méridiens formés dans les surfaces sphériques opposées des bagues internes et externes. Un tel joint a la propriété de présenter un rapport constant de vitesses (caractère homocinétique), c'est-à-dire que, lorsque le joint est articulé, il n'introduit pas de variations cycliques de la vitesse de rotation des organes du joint.Pour cette raison, de tels joints universels' sont utilisés sou- vent dans les véricules à moteur à traction avant. For example, very precise ball raceways are necessary, for example in the members forming the inner and outer rings of the universal joints in which a torque is transmitted between elements such as balls placed in the raceways formed in said members. . In an embodiment of a universal joint, called a Rzeppa joint, first described in US Pat. Nos. 2,046,584 and 1,665,280, the raceways are arranged in meridians formed in spherical surfaces opposite internal and external rings. Such a joint has the property of having a constant speed ratio (homokinetic character), that is to say that, when the joint is articulated, it does not introduce cyclic variations in the speed of rotation of the members of the joint. For this reason, such universal joints are often used in vericules with front-wheel drive.
Un joint de Rzeppa nécessite en général six chemins de roulement très précis, régulièrement espacés en direction circonférentielle, dans chacun des organes du joint. Les chemins de roulement sont formés initialement dans les bagues internes et externes lorsque les organes sont forgés ou moulés, et ils sont ensuite usinés ou rectifiés à la forme précise nécessaire à chacun des chemins de roulement. Pendant l'opération de rectification ou d'usinage, l'outil utilisé présente une usure et doit être remplacé périodiquement afin que l'opération reste précise, le remplacement étant coûteux parce que l'outil est coûteux et parce que le temps de travail est perdu pendant le remplacement. A Rzeppa joint generally requires six very precise raceways, regularly spaced in circumferential direction, in each of the joint members. The raceways are formed initially in the internal and external rings when the members are forged or molded, and they are then machined or rectified to the precise shape necessary for each of the raceways. During the grinding or machining operation, the tool used shows wear and must be replaced periodically so that the operation remains precise, the replacement being expensive because the tool is expensive and because the working time is lost during replacement.
Lorsque le chemin de roulement est mis à la forme initiale dans un tel organe par une' opération de forgeage ou de mise en forme, par exemple à froid, le métal de l'organe est déplacé en proportion importante, surtout dans la région de la base du chemin de roulement. When the raceway is brought to the initial shape in such a member by a forging or shaping operation, for example cold, the metal of the member is displaced in significant proportion, especially in the region of the base of the raceway.
La résistance à la formation du chemin de roulement y est la plus grande. Ainsi, un certain dégagement dans la région de base du chemin de roulement présenterait des avantages car l'opération de mise en forme serait facilité. En outre, lorsqu'un chemin de roulement doit être ensuite rectifié à la configuration finale, l'outil de rectification est habituellement entraîné en rotation autour d'un axe qui dépasse de la base du chemin de roulement. Ainsi, la partie de l'outil qui se trouve dans la région de la base de chemin de roulement se déplace d'une manière relativement lente et subit la plus grande résistance. Ceci provoque une détérioration rapide de cette partie de l'outil de rectification, nécessitant un remplacement fréquent et un importait temps d'arrêt.The resistance to the formation of the raceway is greatest there. Thus, a certain clearance in the base region of the raceway would have advantages because the shaping operation would be facilitated. In addition, when a raceway is then to be ground to the final configuration, the grinding tool is usually rotated about an axis which protrudes from the base of the raceway. Thus, the part of the tool which is in the region of the raceway base moves relatively slowly and experiences the greatest resistance. This causes rapid deterioration of this part of the grinding tool, requiring frequent replacement and significant downtime.
Le frottement dégage aussi de la chaleur qui crée des fissures microscopiques dans l'organe et nécessite une inspection soignée. La détection des fissures conduit à des rebuts importants, augmentant les ^ ~#uts de fabrication par organe, et des fissures risquent toujours de ne pas être détectées.Friction also gives off heat which creates microscopic cracks in the organ and requires careful inspection. The detection of cracks leads to significant rejects, increasing the production cost per organ, and cracks are always likely to be not detected.
L'invention concerne la réduction ou la suppression des inconvénients précédents. The invention relates to the reduction or elimination of the above drawbacks.
Plus précisément, l'invention concerne un procédé de fabrication d'un chemin de roulement de billes très précis dans un organe, comprenant succesivement
la formation de l'organe avec un chemin de roulement et une gorge de dégagement disposée le long du chemin de roulement, et
la rectification ou l'usinage du chemin de roulement ainsi formé à une configuration prédéterminée afin que le chemin de roulement très précis soit formé, la gorge de dégagement étant disposée le long de la base du chemin de roulement de billes.More specifically, the invention relates to a method of manufacturing a very precise ball raceway in an organ, comprising successively
the formation of the member with a raceway and a clearance groove arranged along the raceway, and
grinding or machining the raceway thus formed to a predetermined configuration so that the very precise raceway is formed, the clearance groove being disposed along the base of the ball raceway.
Le procédé selon l'invention réduit l'usure de l'outil utilisé pour la rectification ou l'usinage du chemin de roulement, par rapport aux procédés connus. The method according to the invention reduces the wear of the tool used for grinding or machining the raceway, compared to known methods.
Une opération telle qu'une opération de formage à froid destinée à la réalisation du chemin initial de roulement à la configuration dans l'organe, est facilitée, et les fissures microscopiques risquent moins de se former dans l'organe. La disposition de la gorge de dégagement réduit l'usure de l'outil de rectification ou d'usinage par réduction de la surface au contact de l'outil dans la région de plus grande résistance à l'usinage ou à la rectification. En outre, la gorge de dégagement améliore le fluage à la base du chemin de roulement pendant l'opération de mise en forme.An operation such as a cold forming operation intended to produce the initial raceway in the configuration in the member is facilitated, and microscopic cracks are less likely to form in the member. The arrangement of the release groove reduces the wear of the grinding or machining tool by reducing the surface in contact with the tool in the region of greatest resistance to machining or grinding. In addition, the release groove improves the creep at the base of the raceway during the shaping operation.
L'organe est de préférence un organe formant une bague interne ou externe d'un joint universel, ayant plusieurs chemins de roulement de billes dont l'un au moins et de préférence tous sont formés par le procédé de l'invention. Les chemins de roulement peuvent être disposés suivant des méridiens de la bague du joint universel. The member is preferably a member forming an internal or external ring of a universal joint, having several ball raceways of which at least one and preferably all are formed by the method of the invention. The raceways can be arranged along meridians of the ring of the universal joint.
L'invention concerne aussi un organe, par exemple une bague interne ou externe de joint universel, réalisé par mise en oeuvre du procédé selon l'invention. The invention also relates to a member, for example an internal or external ring of a universal joint, produced by implementing the method according to the invention.
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'in- vent ion seront mieux compris à la lecture de la description qui va suivre d'exemples de réalisation et en se référant au dessin annexé sur lequel
la figure 1 est une coupe d'un joint homocinétique réalisé par mise en oeuvre de l'invention ;
la figure 2 est une coupe suivant la ligne 2-2 de la figure 1 ; et
la figure 3 est une coupe agrandie d'une partie du joint homocinétique.Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will be better understood on reading the description which will follow of exemplary embodiments and with reference to the appended drawing in which
Figure 1 is a section through a constant velocity joint produced by implementing the invention;
Figure 2 is a section along line 2-2 of Figure 1; and
Figure 3 is an enlarged section of part of the constant velocity joint.
On se réfère au dessin et notamment aux figures I et 2 qui représentent un joint homocinétique 10 du type
Rzeppa. Le principe de fonctionnement de ces joints est bien connu.Reference is made to the drawing and in particular to FIGS. I and 2 which represent a constant velocity joint 10 of the type
Rzeppa. The operating principle of these seals is well known.
Le joint 10 a un organe externe 12 formant une bague ayant un arbre 14 qui lui est solidaire et qui en dépasse dans un premier sens. Une cavité sphérique 16 est formée dans l'organe externe 12. Cette cavité sphérique 16 débouche en sens opposé au premier sens. The seal 10 has an external member 12 forming a ring having a shaft 14 which is integral with it and which projects beyond it in a first direction. A spherical cavity 16 is formed in the external member 12. This spherical cavity 16 opens in the opposite direction to the first direction.
Comme l'indiquent les figures 1 et 2, des premiers chemins de roulement 18, espacés circonférentiellement, sont formés à l'intérieur de l'organe externe 12 afin qu'ils logent une série de billes 20. Les chemins 18 sont disposés suivant les méridiens dans l'organe 12. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, first raceways 18, circumferentially spaced, are formed inside the external member 12 so that they house a series of balls 20. The tracks 18 are arranged according to the meridians in the organ 12.
Un organe interne 22 en forme de bague est placé dans la cavité sphérique 16 de 3'organe externe 12. An internal member 22 in the form of a ring is placed in the spherical cavity 16 of the external member 12.
Cet organe interne 22 est monté sur un arbre 24 avec lequel il coopère par l'intermédiaire de cannelures 26.This internal member 22 is mounted on a shaft 24 with which it cooperates by means of grooves 26.
L'organe interne 22 a une surface sphérique externe 28 dont le diamètre est nettement inférieur à celui de la cavité sphérique 16 de l'organe externe 12.The internal member 22 has an external spherical surface 28 whose diameter is much smaller than that of the spherical cavity 16 of the external member 12.
Des seconds chemins de roulement 30, espacés circonférentiellement, sont formés suivant des méridiens, à la surface sphérique externe 28 de l'organe interne 22. Second raceways 30, circumferentially spaced, are formed along meridians, at the external spherical surface 28 of the internal member 22.
Chacun des premiers chemins de roulement 18 est aligné sur l'un des seconds cht ns de roulement 30 et ils logent entre eux l'une des billes 20 afin que l'arbre 24 raccordé à l'organe interne 22 puisse présenter un déplacement angulaire par rapport à l'arbre 14 solidaire de l'organe externe 12. Les billes 20 de support transmettent le couple de rotation entre les organes du joint. Une cage 42 ayant des surfaces interne et externe partiellement sphériques est placée entre la surface sphérique externe 28 de l'organe interne 22 et la cavité sphérique 16 de l'organe externe 12, et elle a des ouvertures destinées à loger les billes 20, de manière connue. Each of the first raceways 18 is aligned with one of the second raceways 30 and they house between them one of the balls 20 so that the shaft 24 connected to the internal member 22 can have an angular displacement by relative to the shaft 14 secured to the external member 12. The support balls 20 transmit the torque between the seal members. A cage 42 having partially spherical internal and external surfaces is placed between the external spherical surface 28 of the internal member 22 and the spherical cavity 16 of the external member 12, and it has openings intended to accommodate the balls 20, of known manner.
Selon les procédés connus, les organes interne et externe 22 et 12 sont formés par coulée ou forgeage, par exemple par formage à froid, et le premier et le second chemin de roulement 18 et 30 sont formés par des opérations ultérieures de rectification ou d'usinage à l'aide d'outils correspondants. Ces opérations provoquent une usure considérable de ces outils, nécessitant un remplacement fréquent. Ainsi, les machines de production utilisées pour la fabrication des organes interne et externe nécessitent un temps important d'arrêt si bien que le débit de fabrication est faible. Cependant, selon l'invention, les organes interne et externe 22 et 12 sont modifiés afin que l'usure de l'outil d'usinage soit réduite, si bien que le débit de production est accru et le temps d'arrêt des machines de fabrication est réduit. According to known methods, the internal and external members 22 and 12 are formed by casting or forging, for example by cold forming, and the first and the second raceway 18 and 30 are formed by subsequent operations of rectification or machining using corresponding tools. These operations cause considerable wear of these tools, requiring frequent replacement. Thus, the production machines used for the manufacture of the internal and external organs require a significant downtime so that the production rate is low. However, according to the invention, the internal and external members 22 and 12 are modified so that the wear of the machining tool is reduced, so that the production rate is increased and the downtime of the cutting machines manufacturing is reduced.
Chacun des premiers chemins de roulement 18 a une cavité 32 sur sa longueur. De même chacun des seconds chemins de roulement 30 a une cavité 34 sur sa longueur. Each of the first raceways 18 has a cavity 32 along its length. Likewise each of the second raceways 30 has a cavity 34 along its length.
Les cavités 32 et 34, réalisées pendant l'opération initiale de. coulée ou de forgeage des organes en forme de bagues, forment des gorges de dégagement destinées à réduire l'usure de l'outil de rectification ou d'usinage utilisé pour la rectification ou l'usinage des premiers et seconds chemins de roulement 18 et 19, à des configura tions précises prédéterminées.The cavities 32 and 34, produced during the initial operation of. casting or forging of the elements in the form of rings, form release grooves intended to reduce the wear of the grinding or machining tool used for the grinding or the machining of the first and second raceways 18 and 19 , to specific predetermined configurations.
Plus précisément, comme représenté sur la figure 3 pour un premier chemin de roulement 18a, la cavité 32 est formée à la base du chemin de roulement puisque la force de résistance à l'usinage ou à la rectification est la plus grande à la base du chemin de roulement
Ainsi, l'outil de rectification ou d'usinage utilisé oans l'opération de finition du chemin de roulement 18a sufiit beaucoup moins d'usure que dans le cas où la cavité 32 est supprimée.More precisely, as shown in FIG. 3 for a first raceway 18a, the cavity 32 is formed at the base of the raceway since the force of resistance to machining or to grinding is greatest at the base of the raceway. Raceway
Thus, the grinding or machining tool used in the operation of finishing the raceway 18a suffers much less wear than in the case where the cavity 32 is eliminated.
La cavité 32 a de préférence une largeur w nettement supérieure à sa profondeur d, par rapport au chemin de roulement 18a, si bien qu'elle réduit notablement l'usure de l'outil d'usinage ou de rectification qui est utilisé sans affaiblissement important de l'organe externe 12. Ainsi, la largeur w de la cavité 32 peut être de deux à quatre fois la profondeur d. En outre, la cavité 32 est placée circonférentiellement autour d'une partie du chemin de roulement 18a de manière qu'elle délimite un angle e au centre de courbure du chemin de rouliement, comme l'indique la coupe transversale. Cet angle 6 est choisi de manière que l'usure de l'outil d'usinage ou de rectification soit minimale mais permette l'utilisation d'une surface restante suffisante de contact entre le chemin 18a et la bille 20 placée à l'intérieur.Dans l'exemple représenté, l'angle e est à peu près égal à 20 , bien qu'il puisse être compris entre environ 10 et 300. The cavity 32 preferably has a width w clearly greater than its depth d, relative to the raceway 18a, so that it significantly reduces the wear of the machining or grinding tool which is used without significant weakening of the external member 12. Thus, the width w of the cavity 32 can be two to four times the depth d. In addition, the cavity 32 is placed circumferentially around a part of the raceway 18a so that it delimits an angle e at the center of curvature of the raceway, as indicated in the cross section. This angle 6 is chosen so that the wear of the machining or grinding tool is minimal but allows the use of a sufficient remaining contact surface between the path 18a and the ball 20 placed inside. In the example shown, the angle e is approximately equal to 20, although it can be between approximately 10 and 300.
Selon le procédé de l'invention, le chemin de roulement 18a est initialement formé dans l'organe externe 12 avec une surface 36 de rayon r1. L'opération ultérieure de rectification ou d'usinage forme une surface qui peut être comprise, compte tenu des tolérances prédéterminées, entre une surface 38 ayant un rayon minimal r2 et un surface 40 ayant un rayon maximal r3. La profondeur d de la cavité 32 est choisie de manière qu'elle dépasse la différence entre le rayon maximal r3 et le rayon initial r11 Si bien que l'outil d'usinage ou de rectification ne rencontre jamais le fond 44 de la cavité 32. According to the method of the invention, the raceway 18a is initially formed in the external member 12 with a surface 36 of radius r1. The subsequent rectification or machining operation forms a surface which can be understood, taking into account the predetermined tolerances, between a surface 38 having a minimum radius r2 and a surface 40 having a maximum radius r3. The depth d of the cavity 32 is chosen so that it exceeds the difference between the maximum radius r3 and the initial radius r11 So that the machining or grinding tool never meets the bottom 44 of the cavity 32.
Les premiers et seconds chemins de roulement restant sur les organes interne et externe sont formés de manière analogue. L'opération d'usinage ou de rectification peut être réalisée en un seul passage ou en plusieurs passages de l'outil convenable. The first and second raceways remaining on the internal and external members are formed in a similar manner. The machining or grinding operation can be carried out in a single pass or in several passages of the suitable tool.
Il faut noter que le procédé selon l'invention est plus avantageux pour l'organe externe 12 que pour l'organe interne 22. Les premiers chemins de roulement 18 de l'organe externe 12 ont, par rapport aux billes 20, des proportions telles que les billes sont au contact d'une surface du chemin de roulement qui ne comprend pas en général la base de celui-ci. L'opération est réalisée afin que l'importance de la surface de contact entre les billes 20 et l'organe externe 12 soit maximale. Ainsi, l'enlèvement d'une partie des premiers chemins de roulement 18 par réalisation d'une cavité 32 dans chacun des chemins supprime une partie de chemin de roulement qui ne subit pas de force. Le procédé selon l'invention, lorsqu'il est appliqué à la fabrication d'un organe externe 12 d'un joint homocinétique 10, augmente ainsi la durée efficace de l'outil de rectification ou d'usinage par enlèvement de la partie de la surface 36 des premiers chemins de roulement 18 qui présente la plus grande résistance à l'outil d'usinage ou de rectification, sans réduction du contact fonctionnel entre la bille 20 et le premier chemin de roulement 18 qui lui est associé. It should be noted that the method according to the invention is more advantageous for the external member 12 than for the internal member 22. The first raceways 18 of the external member 12 have, relative to the balls 20, such proportions that the balls are in contact with a surface of the raceway which does not generally include the base thereof. The operation is carried out so that the size of the contact surface between the balls 20 and the external member 12 is maximum. Thus, the removal of part of the first raceways 18 by making a cavity 32 in each of the paths eliminates part of the raceway which is not subjected to force. The method according to the invention, when applied to the manufacture of an external member 12 of a constant velocity joint 10, thus increases the effective duration of the grinding or machining tool by removing the part of the surface 36 of the first raceways 18 which has the greatest resistance to the machining or grinding tool, without reduction of the functional contact between the ball 20 and the first raceway 18 which is associated with it.
Au contraire, les seconds chemins de roulement 30 de l'organe interne 22 ont habituellement des proportions telles que le contact des surfaces est important près de la base des chemins de roulement. En conséquence, lorsque l'organe interne 22 est formé selon le procédé de l'invention comme décrit précédemment, la région de plus grand contact entre la bille 20 et le second chemin de roulement 30 qui lui est associé se trouve de part et d'autre de la cavité 34. On the contrary, the second raceways 30 of the internal member 22 usually have proportions such that the contact of the surfaces is significant near the base of the raceways. Consequently, when the internal member 22 is formed according to the method of the invention as described above, the region of greatest contact between the ball 20 and the second raceway 30 which is associated with it is located on either side. other from cavity 34.
En conséquence, dans certaines applications, seul l'organe externe 12 est réalisé selon le procédé de l'invention, l'organe interne 22 étant formé selon les procédés classiques. Dans une variante, la cavité 34 peut être formé ailleurs qu'à la base du second chemin de roulement. Par exemple, deux cavités qui ne sont pas représentées sur le dessin, peuvent être formées dans chacun des seconds chemins de roulement 30, les deux cavités étant à une distance angulaire prédéterminée de la base du chemin de roulement, de part et d'autre de la base. Consequently, in certain applications, only the external member 12 is produced according to the method of the invention, the internal member 22 being formed according to conventional methods. In a variant, the cavity 34 can be formed elsewhere than at the base of the second raceway. For example, two cavities which are not shown in the drawing, can be formed in each of the second raceways 30, the two cavities being at a predetermined angular distance from the base of the raceway, on either side of the base.
Dans l'exemple décrit précédemment, les chemins de roulement des billes formés dans les organes du joint ont une section de forme circulaire. En pratique, les chemins de roulement des joints universels ont souvent une forme en "arc gothique" en coupe transversale, le chemin de roulement ayant un sommet nettement délimité qui n'est pas au contact de la bille placée à l'intérieur. In the example described above, the raceways of the balls formed in the members of the seal have a section of circular shape. In practice, the raceways of the universal joints often have a "gothic arch" shape in cross section, the raceway having a clearly delimited top which is not in contact with the ball placed inside.
L'invention s'applique aussi à la fabrication d'organes ayant des chemins de roulement de cette forme. En outre, elle s'applique aux organes des joints dans lesquels les chemins de roulement des billes ont des formes autres que des courbes de méridiens comme décrit, par exemple à des chemins de roulement rectilignes parallèles aux axes de rotation des organes respectifs, inclinés en hélice les uns par rapport aux autres. The invention also applies to the manufacture of members having raceways of this shape. In addition, it applies to the members of the seals in which the raceways of the balls have shapes other than curves of meridians as described, for example to straight raceways parallel to the axes of rotation of the respective members, inclined at helix relative to each other.
En outre, une bague d'un joint homocinétique n'est qu'un exemple d'organe ayant un chemin de roulement de billes qui peut etre réalisé par mise en oeuvre du procédé de l'invention. In addition, a ring of a constant velocity joint is only one example of a member having a ball race which can be produced by implementing the method of the invention.
Bien entendu, diverses modifications peuvent être apportées par l'homme de l'art aux procédés qui viennent d'être décrits uniquement à titre d'exemples non limitatifs sans sortir du cadre de l'invention. Of course, various modifications can be made by those skilled in the art to the methods which have just been described only by way of nonlimiting examples without departing from the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8904576A FR2635362A1 (en) | 1984-03-12 | 1989-04-07 | Method for manufacturing ball raceways, and member provided with a raceway |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US58851484A | 1984-03-12 | 1984-03-12 | |
| FR8904576A FR2635362A1 (en) | 1984-03-12 | 1989-04-07 | Method for manufacturing ball raceways, and member provided with a raceway |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| FR2635362A1 true FR2635362A1 (en) | 1990-02-16 |
| FR2635362B1 FR2635362B1 (en) | 1992-10-02 |
Family
ID=26227259
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8904576A Granted FR2635362A1 (en) | 1984-03-12 | 1989-04-07 | Method for manufacturing ball raceways, and member provided with a raceway |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| FR (1) | FR2635362A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2708881A1 (en) * | 1993-08-13 | 1995-02-17 | Orain Michel | Device for machining a groove having a circular generatrix and a curved directrix on the faces of at least one slot in a workpiece (mechanical component) |
| FR2708883A1 (en) * | 1993-08-13 | 1995-02-17 | Orain Michel | Method and device for machining a groove with a circular generatrix and a curved directrix in a workpiece (mechanical component) |
-
1989
- 1989-04-07 FR FR8904576A patent/FR2635362A1/en active Granted
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2708881A1 (en) * | 1993-08-13 | 1995-02-17 | Orain Michel | Device for machining a groove having a circular generatrix and a curved directrix on the faces of at least one slot in a workpiece (mechanical component) |
| FR2708883A1 (en) * | 1993-08-13 | 1995-02-17 | Orain Michel | Method and device for machining a groove with a circular generatrix and a curved directrix in a workpiece (mechanical component) |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2635362B1 (en) | 1992-10-02 |
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