FR2606370A1 - Composite pallet box - Google Patents
Composite pallet box Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- FR2606370A1 FR2606370A1 FR8616182A FR8616182A FR2606370A1 FR 2606370 A1 FR2606370 A1 FR 2606370A1 FR 8616182 A FR8616182 A FR 8616182A FR 8616182 A FR8616182 A FR 8616182A FR 2606370 A1 FR2606370 A1 FR 2606370A1
- Authority
- FR
- France
- Prior art keywords
- flaps
- container
- pallet box
- support
- flap
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D19/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
- B65D19/02—Rigid pallets with side walls, e.g. box pallets
- B65D19/06—Rigid pallets with side walls, e.g. box pallets with bodies formed by uniting or interconnecting two or more components
- B65D19/20—Rigid pallets with side walls, e.g. box pallets with bodies formed by uniting or interconnecting two or more components made wholly or mainly of paper
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
- B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
- B65D2519/00009—Materials
- B65D2519/00014—Materials for the load supporting surface
- B65D2519/00019—Paper
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
- B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
- B65D2519/00009—Materials
- B65D2519/00014—Materials for the load supporting surface
- B65D2519/00029—Wood
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
- B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
- B65D2519/00009—Materials
- B65D2519/00014—Materials for the load supporting surface
- B65D2519/00034—Plastic
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
- B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
- B65D2519/00009—Materials
- B65D2519/00014—Materials for the load supporting surface
- B65D2519/00044—Combination, e.g. different elements made of different materials, laminates
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
- B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
- B65D2519/00009—Materials
- B65D2519/00049—Materials for the base surface
- B65D2519/00054—Paper
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
- B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
- B65D2519/00009—Materials
- B65D2519/00049—Materials for the base surface
- B65D2519/00064—Wood
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
- B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
- B65D2519/00009—Materials
- B65D2519/00049—Materials for the base surface
- B65D2519/00069—Plastic
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
- B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
- B65D2519/00009—Materials
- B65D2519/00084—Materials for the non-integral separating spacer
- B65D2519/00089—Paper
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
- B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
- B65D2519/00009—Materials
- B65D2519/00084—Materials for the non-integral separating spacer
- B65D2519/00099—Wood
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
- B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
- B65D2519/00009—Materials
- B65D2519/00084—Materials for the non-integral separating spacer
- B65D2519/00104—Plastic
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
- B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
- B65D2519/00009—Materials
- B65D2519/00154—Materials for the side walls
- B65D2519/00159—Paper
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
- B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
- B65D2519/00009—Materials
- B65D2519/00189—Materials for the lid or cover
- B65D2519/00194—Paper
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
- B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
- B65D2519/00258—Overall construction
- B65D2519/00263—Overall construction of the pallet
- B65D2519/00273—Overall construction of the pallet made of more than one piece
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
- B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
- B65D2519/00258—Overall construction
- B65D2519/00283—Overall construction of the load supporting surface
- B65D2519/00293—Overall construction of the load supporting surface made of more than one piece
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
- B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
- B65D2519/00258—Overall construction
- B65D2519/00313—Overall construction of the base surface
- B65D2519/00323—Overall construction of the base surface made of more than one piece
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
- B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
- B65D2519/00258—Overall construction
- B65D2519/00313—Overall construction of the base surface
- B65D2519/00328—Overall construction of the base surface shape of the contact surface of the base
- B65D2519/00333—Overall construction of the base surface shape of the contact surface of the base contact surface having a stringer-like shape
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
- B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
- B65D2519/00258—Overall construction
- B65D2519/00492—Overall construction of the side walls
- B65D2519/00497—Overall construction of the side walls whereby at least one side wall is made of one piece
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
- B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
- B65D2519/00547—Connections
- B65D2519/00552—Structures connecting the constitutive elements of the pallet to each other, i.e. load supporting surface, base surface and/or separate spacer
- B65D2519/00557—Structures connecting the constitutive elements of the pallet to each other, i.e. load supporting surface, base surface and/or separate spacer without separate auxiliary elements
- B65D2519/00567—Structures connecting the constitutive elements of the pallet to each other, i.e. load supporting surface, base surface and/or separate spacer without separate auxiliary elements mechanical connection, e.g. snap-fitted
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
- B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
- B65D2519/00547—Connections
- B65D2519/00577—Connections structures connecting side walls, including corner posts, to each other
- B65D2519/00582—Connections structures connecting side walls, including corner posts, to each other structures intended to be disassembled, i.e. collapsible or dismountable
- B65D2519/00587—Connections structures connecting side walls, including corner posts, to each other structures intended to be disassembled, i.e. collapsible or dismountable side walls directly connected to each other
- B65D2519/00592—Connections structures connecting side walls, including corner posts, to each other structures intended to be disassembled, i.e. collapsible or dismountable side walls directly connected to each other by means of hinges
- B65D2519/00597—Connections structures connecting side walls, including corner posts, to each other structures intended to be disassembled, i.e. collapsible or dismountable side walls directly connected to each other by means of hinges integrally formed
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
- B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
- B65D2519/00547—Connections
- B65D2519/00636—Connections structures connecting side walls to the pallet
- B65D2519/00641—Structures intended to be disassembled
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
- B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
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- B65D2519/00706—Connections structures connecting the lid or cover to the side walls or corner posts
- B65D2519/00716—Connections structures connecting the lid or cover to the side walls or corner posts non-removable lid or covers
- B65D2519/00721—Connections structures connecting the lid or cover to the side walls or corner posts non-removable lid or covers hinged lids
- B65D2519/00726—Connections structures connecting the lid or cover to the side walls or corner posts non-removable lid or covers hinged lids integrally formed
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B65D2519/00736—Details
- B65D2519/00865—Collapsible, i.e. at least two constitutive elements remaining hingedly connected
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- B65D2519/0091—Collapsible, i.e. at least two constitutive elements remaining hingedly connected collapsible side walls whereby all side walls are hingedly connected to each other
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- B65D2519/0098—Dismountable elements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
- B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
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- B65D2519/0098—Dismountable elements
- B65D2519/0099—Dismountable elements single dismountable pallet element, e.g. for replacement
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Pallets (AREA)
Abstract
Description
L'invention est relative à une caisse palette composite, destinée au transport et au stockage d'objets divers. Elle trouvera son application dans le domaine du conditionnement et de l'emballage. The invention relates to a composite pallet box, intended for the transport and storage of various objects. It will find its application in the field of conditioning and packaging.
Depuis de nombreuses années, il est connu des caisses palettes en matériaux divers qui permettent la manutention et le stockage d'objets, plus ou moins lourds, fragiles ou encombrants, avec facilité, de par l'utilisation de chariots de manutention a fourches. For many years, pallet boxes made of various materials have been known which allow the handling and storage of more or less heavy, fragile or bulky objects, with ease, by the use of forklift trucks.
Ces caisses palettes sont formées par un conteneur proprement dit qui permet de recevoir les objets, ainsi que par des patins support, rapportés au niveau du fond du conteneur, permettant la prise de la caisse palette au moyen des dits chariots. These pallet boxes are formed by a container proper which allows the objects to be received, as well as by support pads, attached to the bottom of the container, allowing the pallet box to be taken up by means of said trolleys.
Ces caisses palettes sont fabriquées dans divers matériaux tels qu'en carton. en bois, en métal ou encore en combinant ces divers matériaux. These pallet boxes are made of various materials such as cardboard. in wood, metal or by combining these various materials.
De nos jours, un compromis acceptable a été trouvé entre la résistance mécanique et le coût en réalisant les palettes a partir d un conteneur en carton ou encore en stratifié léger et de patins support en carton. en bois, ou en matiére moulée. Nowadays, an acceptable compromise has been found between mechanical strength and cost by making the pallets from a cardboard container or even from light laminate and cardboard support pads. in wood, or in molded material.
De telles réalisations sont généralement avantageuses au niveau du coût de revient mais ne sont pas sans poser certains problémes de fabrication provenant surtout de l'assemblage du conteneur et des patins support. Such embodiments are generally advantageous in terms of cost price, but are not without posing certain manufacturing problems originating especially from the assembly of the container and the support pads.
A cet égard, un premier type de réalisation consiste à venir clouer un conteneur du type caisse américaine" en carton sur une palette ou sur des patins support de bois. Toutefois, ces caisses manquent de résistance au niveau de la liaison des éléments. In this regard, a first type of embodiment consists of nailing a container of the American box type "cardboard on a pallet or on wooden support pads. However, these boxes lack resistance at the connection of the elements.
C est pourquoi, d'autres types de caisses palettes ont été mises au point qui ne nécessitent pas de clouage ou similaire des patins support sur le conteneur. This is why other types of pallet boxes have been developed which do not require nailing or the like of the support pads on the container.
En effet, dans ce cas, le conteneur est formé d'une caisse américain en carton présentant au moins quatre flancs latéraux, qui constituent les parois latérales du conteneur, prolongés de rabats intérieurs et de rabats extérieurs pour constituer le fond. Par ailleurs, les patins support sont appropriés aux rabats extérieurs du fond et présentent généralement un ou plusieurs logements autorisant l'insertion d'un rabat extérieur correspondant, transversalement aux dits rabats, de sorte a glisser le patin support entre le ou les rabats extérieurs et les rabats intérieurs. In fact, in this case, the container is formed from an American cardboard box having at least four lateral sides, which constitute the side walls of the container, extended by internal flaps and external flaps to constitute the bottom. Furthermore, the support pads are suitable for the outer flaps of the bottom and generally have one or more housings allowing the insertion of a corresponding outer flap, transversely to the said flaps, so as to slide the support pad between the outer flap (s) and the interior flaps.
De telles réalisations donnent de bons résultats lorsque le carton utilisé est un carton léger et lorsque les caisses palettes ne sont pas stockées les unes au-dessus des autres. Such embodiments give good results when the cardboard used is light cardboard and when the pallet boxes are not stored one above the other.
En effet, si on venait à gerber sur plusieurs niveaux de telles caisses palettes, du fait que le fond du conteneur type caisse américaine n'est pas prévu initialement pour recevoir des patins support, il -y a déformation des flancs latéraux au niveau de leurs arêtes avec le fond et par suite écrasement et fléchissement des parois latérales. Indeed, if we came to stack on several levels such pallet boxes, because the bottom of the container type American box is not initially intended to receive support pads, there is deformation of the lateral flanks at their edges with the bottom and consequently crushing and deflection of the side walls.
Autrement dit, comme les patins support sont glissés entre les rabats extérieurs et les rabats intérieurs, il se produit des lignes de pliage néfastes au niveau des arêtes du fond provoquées par la surépaisseur du patin support comprise entre les rabats. Ces différents pliages ne permettent pas aux flancs latéraux d'encaisser des efforts de compression, dûs au gerbage d'autres caisses palettes, car le flanc a tendance à "s'enrouler" autour de l'arête du fond ce du fait des amorces de pliage aux-bas des flancs,
Le but de la présente invention est de proposer une caisse palette composite. destinée au transport et au stockage d'objets divers, la dite caisse palette étant apte à être gerbée sur plusieurs niveaux, dont la structure du conteneur est prévue pour accepter des patins support glissés sur les rabats formant le fond du conteneur, sans toutefois amoindrir la résistance des parois latérales pour autoriser le gerbage.In other words, as the support pads are slid between the outer flaps and the inner flaps, there are harmful fold lines at the edges of the bottom caused by the excess thickness of the support pad between the flaps. These different folds do not allow the lateral flanks to withstand compression forces, due to the stacking of other pallet boxes, because the flank tends to "wrap" around the edge of the bottom due to the primers of folding down the sides,
The object of the present invention is to provide a composite pallet box. intended for the transport and storage of various objects, the said pallet box being able to be stacked on several levels, the structure of the container is designed to accept support pads slid on the flaps forming the bottom of the container, without however reducing the resistance of the side walls to allow stacking.
Un des buts de la présente invention est de proposer une caisse palette composite formée à base d'un conteneur en carton fort ou en stratifié léger, et de patins support en bois rapportés au niveau du fond, qui présente une résistance tout à fait comparable aux caisses palettes entiérement réalisées en bois et dont le coût de revient est sensiblement diminué. One of the aims of the present invention is to provide a composite pallet box formed on the basis of a container made of strong cardboard or of light laminate, and of wooden support pads attached at the bottom, which has a resistance quite comparable to pallet boxes entirely made of wood and whose cost is significantly reduced.
Un autre but de la présente invention est- de proposer une caisse palette composite qui, de par sa structure, est pliable et démontable et malgré l'utilisation de matériaux généralement considérés comme "jetables", présentent une résistance telle que la caisse palette peut êtré récupérée puis réutilisée. Another object of the present invention is to provide a composite pallet box which, by its structure, is foldable and removable and despite the use of materials generally considered as "disposable", have a resistance such that the pallet box can be recovered then reused.
D'autres buts et avantages de la présente invention apparaitront au cours de la description qui va suivre, qui n'est cependant donnée qu'à titre indicatif et qui n'a pas pour but de la limiter. Other objects and advantages of the present invention will appear during the description which follows, which is however only given for information and which is not intended to limit it.
Selon la présente invention, la caisse palette composite, destinée au transport et au stockage d'objets divers, apte à être gerbée sur plusieurs niveaux, formée
- d'un conteneur, sensiblement parallélépipédique, obtenu par pliage d'un matériau de base en carton fort ou en stratifié léger, comportant quatre flancs latéraux, formant les parois latérales du conteneur, prolongés de rabats intérieurs et de rabats extérieurs pour constituer le fond,
- de patins-support, rapportés au niveau du fond du conteneur, permettant la prise de la caisse palette au moyen de chariots de manutention à fourches, présentant un ou plusieurs logements autorisant l'insertion d'un rabat extérieur correspondant, transversalement au dit rabat, de sorte à glisser le patin support entre le ou les rabats extérieurs et les rabats intérieurs, est caractérisée par le fait qu'elle comporte des moyens pour compenser 1 épaisseur du patin support comprise entre le ou les rabats extérieurs et les rabats intérieurs afin de ne pas amoindrir la résistance du conteneur lors du gerbage.According to the present invention, the composite pallet box, intended for the transport and storage of various objects, capable of being stacked on several levels, formed
- a container, substantially parallelepiped, obtained by folding a basic material of strong cardboard or light laminate, comprising four lateral flanks, forming the lateral walls of the container, extended by internal flaps and external flaps to constitute the bottom ,
- support skids, attached at the bottom of the container, allowing the pallet box to be taken up by means of forklift trucks, having one or more housings allowing the insertion of a corresponding outer flap, transverse to said flap , so as to slide the support pad between the outer flap or flaps and the inner flaps, is characterized in that it includes means for compensating for the thickness of the support pad between the outer flap or flaps and the inner flaps in order to do not reduce the resistance of the container during stacking.
La présente invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description suivante accompagnée des dessins en annexe qui en font partie intégrante. The present invention will be better understood on reading the following description accompanied by the accompanying drawings which form an integral part thereof.
La figure 1 représente une vue en perspective d'une caisse palette formée d'un conteneur et de patins support. Figure 1 shows a perspective view of a pallet box formed of a container and support pads.
La figure 2 montre une vue en perspective montrant un mode de réalisation du conteneur de la caisse palette. Figure 2 shows a perspective view showing an embodiment of the container of the pallet box.
Les figures 3a à 3d montrent différents types de patins support aptes à etre rapportés sous le conteneur de la figure 2 pour former une caisse palette. Figures 3a to 3d show different types of support pads able to be attached under the container of Figure 2 to form a pallet box.
La figure 4 montre un conteneur sur le fond duquel on rapporte les patins support. FIG. 4 shows a container on the bottom of which the support pads are attached.
La figure 5 montre, vue en perspective, un détail de la caisse palette composite selon la présente invention. FIG. 5 shows, in perspective view, a detail of the composite pallet box according to the present invention.
Les figures 6a à 6c montrent respectivement des vues de face d'un détail caractéristique de la caisse palette de la présente invention selon respectivement les fléches Via, b, et c de la figure 5. FIGS. 6a to 6c respectively show front views of a characteristic detail of the pallet box of the present invention according to the arrows Via, b and c respectively in FIG. 5.
Les figures 7a à 7c montrent respectivement des vues de face d'un détail caractéristique de la caisse palette de la présente invention selon respectivement les flèches VIIa, b, et c de la figure 5. FIGS. 7a to 7c respectively show front views of a characteristic detail of the pallet box of the present invention according to the arrows VIIa, b, and c respectively of FIG. 5.
La figure 2 montre en perspective un détail de la structure du conteneur et de son pliage selon la présente invention. Figure 2 shows in perspective a detail of the structure of the container and its folding according to the present invention.
La figure 9 montre une vue en plan du conteneur déplié réalisé selon la présente invention. FIG. 9 shows a plan view of the unfolded container produced according to the present invention.
La figure 10 montre une vue partielle d'un autre mode de conteneur vu en plan déplié. Figure 10 shows a partial view of another container mode seen in the unfolded plan.
La présente invention vise une caisse palette composite, destinée au transport et au stockage d'objets divers qui, de par sa structure, autorisera son gerbage sur plusieurs niveaux. The present invention relates to a composite pallet box, intended for the transport and storage of various objects which, by virtue of its structure, will allow it to be stacked on several levels.
Elle sera notamment réalisée à partir d'un matériau de base en carton fort ou en stratifié léger pour constituer le conteneur et à partir de patins support en bois ou matière moulée. Ainsi, on arrivera à un compromis trés intéressant résistance mécanique-coût de revient. It will be made in particular from a basic material of strong cardboard or light laminate to constitute the container and from support pads of wood or molded material. Thus, we will arrive at a very interesting compromise between mechanical strength and production cost.
La figure 1 montre, d'une façon générale, une caisse palette composite 1 formée essentiellement d'un conteneur 2, sensiblement parallélépipédique, et de patins support 3 rapportés au niveau du fond du conteneur 2. FIG. 1 shows, in general, a composite pallet box 1 essentially formed by a container 2, which is substantially parallelepiped, and support pads 3 attached at the bottom of the container 2.
Une telle réalisation est avantageuse et couramment utilisée dans l'industrie pour manutentionner de petits objets en vrac, ou des objets lourds, fragiles, encombrants. De telles caisses palettes sont d'usage facile car elles peuvent être avantageusement déplacées par des chariots de manutention à fourches. Such an embodiment is advantageous and commonly used in the industry for handling small loose objects, or heavy, fragile, bulky objects. Such pallet boxes are easy to use because they can be advantageously moved by forklift trucks.
La figure 2 montre une réalisation d'un conteneur 2 carton du type "caisse américaine" sensiblement parallélépipédique, obtenue par pliage d'un matériau de base en carton fort ou en stratifié léger. FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of a cardboard container 2 of the "American box" type which is substantially parallelepipedic, obtained by folding a basic material of strong cardboard or of light laminate.
Un tel conteneur comporte généralement quatre flancs latéraux 4, formant les parois latérales du conteneur 2, prolongés de rabats intérieurs 5 et de rabats extérieurs 6 pour constituer le fond du conteneur. Such a container generally comprises four lateral flanks 4, forming the lateral walls of the container 2, extended by internal flaps 5 and external flaps 6 to constitute the bottom of the container.
Il est à remarquer que le conteneur peut présenter une structure similaire au niveau de l'ouverture supérieure afin de protéger totalement la marchandise contenue. De plus, l'appellation rabats intérieurs 5 vient du fait que ceux-ci sont repliés et vus de l'intérieur du conteneur 2 alors que les rabats "extérieurs" 6 sont repliés et vus de l'extérieur du conteneur. It should be noted that the container may have a similar structure at the level of the upper opening in order to completely protect the goods contained. In addition, the designation interior flaps 5 comes from the fact that these are folded and seen from the interior of the container 2 while the "exterior" flaps 6 are folded and seen from the exterior of the container.
Les figures 3a à 3d montrent différents modes de réalisation de patins support 3. Toutefois, d'autres configurations pourraient être envisagées sans sortir du cadre de la présente invention. Figures 3a to 3d show different embodiments of support pads 3. However, other configurations could be envisaged without departing from the scope of the present invention.
Ces patins support, selon leur utilisation, et la résistance souhaitée, pourront être avantageusement constitués par des caissons formés par pliage de carton (figure 3a par exemple) ou en matiére moulée (par exemple figure 3b) ou à partir de planches et de plots de bois (figures 3c et 3d). These support pads, depending on their use, and the desired resistance, may advantageously be constituted by boxes formed by folding cardboard (FIG. 3a for example) or from molded material (for example FIG. 3b) or from boards and studs. wood (Figures 3c and 3d).
Cependant, et quelles que soient leur constitution et configuration, les patins supports 3 présenteront un ou plusieurs logements 7, formés par des fentes dans le cas de pliage carton, un évidement dans le cas de moulage, ou encore des espaces formés entre les plots dans le cas des patins bois. However, and whatever their constitution and configuration, the support pads 3 will have one or more housings 7, formed by slots in the case of cardboard folding, a recess in the case of molding, or spaces formed between the pads in the case of wooden skates.
Ces logements 7 permettront l'insertion d'un rabat extérieur 6 correspondant, transversalement au dit rabat 6, de sorte à glisser le patin support 7 entre le ou les rabats extérieurs 6 et les rabats intérieurs 5, comme le montre notamment la figure 4. These housings 7 will allow the insertion of a corresponding external flap 6, transversely to said flap 6, so as to slide the support shoe 7 between the external flap or flaps 6 and the internal flaps 5, as shown in particular in FIG. 4.
Il est à remarquer que, sur cette figure, les patins support 3 sont glissés sur les rabats extérieurs formant alors le grand côté du conteneur; toutefois, on pourrait envisager de disposer les patins support sur des rabats extérieurs formant un petit côté, comme c'est le cas par exemple de la figure 1. It should be noted that, in this figure, the support pads 3 are slid over the outer flaps then forming the long side of the container; however, one could consider placing the support pads on outer flaps forming a small side, as is the case for example in FIG. 1.
Selon la présente invention, afin de ne pas amoindrir la résistance du conteneur 2 lors du gerbage des caisses palettes 1, cette derniére comportera des moyens pour compenser l'épaisseur du patin support 3 comprise entre le ou les rabats extérieurs 6 et les rabats intérieurs 5. According to the present invention, in order not to reduce the resistance of the container 2 when stacking the pallet boxes 1, the latter will include means for compensating for the thickness of the support pad 3 between the outer flap (s) 6 and the inner flaps 5 .
Ainsi, le patin support trouvera un logement prévu à cet effet afin d'éviter qu'il ne se place entre les dits rabats par déformation de ceux-ci, ce qui entrainait dans le cas de la "caisse américaine" la déformation des flancs latéraux 4 au niveau des arêtes du fond. Thus, the support shoe will find a housing provided for this purpose in order to prevent it from being placed between the said flaps by deformation thereof, which in the case of the "American body" resulted in the deformation of the lateral flanks 4 at the bottom edges.
Pour ce, le conteneur 2 de la présente invention est constitué selon les principes connus de la "caisse américaine", toutefois, il réside une différence essentielle au niveau du pliage du fond. Ceci est notamment illustré aux figures 5 à 10. For this, the container 2 of the present invention is constituted according to the known principles of the "American box", however, there is an essential difference in the folding of the bottom. This is illustrated in particular in FIGS. 5 to 10.
Rappelons que le conteneur 2 présente quatre flancs latéraux 4 dont deux sont adjacents aux rabats intérieurs 5 et deux adjacents aux rabats extérieurs 6 du fond du conteneur. Recall that the container 2 has four lateral sides 4, two of which are adjacent to the inner flaps 5 and two adjacent to the outer flaps 6 of the bottom of the container.
Dans un mode de réalisation, selon la présente invention, les dits moyens de compensation sont constitués par un décalage repéré d sur les figures entre les aretes de pliage 8 formées entre les rabats extérieurs 6 et les flancs latéraux correspondant et les arêtes de pliage 9 formées entre les rabats intérieurs 5 et les flancs latéraux correspondant, au niveau du fond du conteneur 2. Dans ce cas, les flancs correspondant aux rabats extérieurs 6 présenteront une hauteur supérieure "H" à celle "h" des flancs latéraux correspondant aux rabats intérieurs 5 ; ceci est notamment illustré aux figures 5 et 9. In one embodiment, according to the present invention, said compensation means are constituted by an offset marked d in the figures between the folding edges 8 formed between the outer flaps 6 and the corresponding lateral flanks and the folding edges 9 formed between the inner flaps 5 and the corresponding lateral flanks, at the bottom of the container 2. In this case, the flanks corresponding to the outer flaps 6 will have a height greater "H" than that "h" of the lateral flanks corresponding to the inner flaps 5 ; this is illustrated in particular in FIGS. 5 and 9.
Ainsi, pour augmenter la résistance lors du gerbage des caisses palettes sur plusieurs niveaux, les flancs latéraux du conteneur, travaillant en compression, auront leur résistance accrue du fait qu'ils ne présentent pas sur leur surface d'arêtes de pliage hormis celles 8, 9 autorisant le pliage des rabats formant le fond, et éventuellement celles autorisant le pliage des rabats du couvercle. Thus, to increase the resistance during stacking of pallet boxes on several levels, the lateral sides of the container, working in compression, will have their increased resistance because they do not have folding edges on their surface except those 8, 9 authorizing the folding of the flaps forming the bottom, and possibly those authorizing the folding of the flaps of the cover.
Les figures 5 à 9 illustrent un mode de réalisation reprenant les caractéristiques qui viennent d'être énoncées. Figures 5 to 9 illustrate an embodiment incorporating the characteristics which have just been stated.
Dans ce mode de réalisation, le conteneur est avantageusement obtenu par pliage d'un matériau de base en carton fort tel qu'un carton double ou triple cannelures et à partir de patins support en bois du type de ceux représentés à la figure 3c ou 3d. In this embodiment, the container is advantageously obtained by folding a basic material of strong cardboard such as a double or triple fluted cardboard and from wooden support pads of the type of those represented in FIG. 3c or 3d. .
En ce qui concerne le conteneur 2, on retrouve, comme illustrés sur la figure 2, les quatre flancs latéraux X, les rabats intérieurs 5 et les rabats extérieurs 6 formant le fond du conteneur. As regards the container 2, there are, as illustrated in FIG. 2, the four lateral flanks X, the internal flaps 5 and the external flaps 6 forming the bottom of the container.
En ce qui concerne les patins support 3, ils sont par exemple formés d'une ou deux semelles 10 et 11, substantiellement constituées par des planches de bois, réunies entre elles par des plots entretoises 12 et 13 disposées aux extrémités des semelles. Regarding the support pads 3, they are for example formed of one or two flanges 10 and 11, substantially constituted by wooden planks, joined together by spacer pads 12 and 13 disposed at the ends of the flanges.
Il est à remarquer que, pour pouvoir enfiler les rabats extérieurs 6 dans le logement 7 créé entre les éléments 10 à 13 formant le patin support 3, et afin de pouvoir faire affleurer le patin support et les flancs latéraux 4 du conteneur 2, ce dernier sera constitué dans une feuille plane dont la découpe est illustrée à la figure 9 sur laquelle les traits mixtes simulent les arêtes de pliage. It should be noted that, in order to be able to thread the outer flaps 6 into the housing 7 created between the elements 10 to 13 forming the support pad 3, and in order to be able to make the support pad and the lateral sides 4 of the container 2 flush, the latter will consist of a flat sheet, the cutout of which is illustrated in FIG. 9 on which the dashed lines simulate the folding edges.
Sur cette vue, on retrouve notamment les flancs latéraux 4, les rabats intérieurs 5, les rabats extérieurs 6, le décalage au niveau du fond entre les arêtes de pliage 8 et 9. De plus, au niveau des rabats extérieurs 6, on note la présente de lignes de pliage 15 définissant deux volets latéraux 14 ainsi que des découpes formant des ouvertures 16 correspondant sensiblement à la section des plots 12 et -13 du patin support, les dits volets 14 étant placés dans le prolongement des dites ouvertures 16. In this view, there are in particular the lateral flanks 4, the interior flaps 5, the exterior flaps 6, the offset at the bottom between the folding edges 8 and 9. In addition, at the exterior flaps 6, the has fold lines 15 defining two lateral flaps 14 as well as cutouts forming openings 16 corresponding substantially to the section of the studs 12 and -13 of the support shoe, said flaps 14 being placed in the extension of said openings 16.
Cette disposition avantageuse permettra l'introduction des patins support sur les rabats extérieurs 6 en repliant les volets 14 afin qu'ils s'escamotent et autorisent le glissement du rabat 6 dans le logement 7 du patin, Ensuite, lorsque le patin est positionné dans les ouvertures 16, on rabat les volets pour verrouiller la position du patin. This advantageous arrangement will allow the introduction of the support pads on the outer flaps 6 by folding the flaps 14 so that they retract and allow the sliding of the flap 6 in the housing 7 of the pad. Then, when the pad is positioned in the openings 16, the flaps are folded down to lock the position of the shoe.
Une telle réalisation est illustrée en perspective à la figure 5 qui montre le patin en place au niveau d'un angle inférieur du conteneur et grâce au décalage "d" entre les arêtes de pliage 8 correspondant aux rabats extérieurs 6 et les arêtes de pliage 9 correspondant aux rabats intérieurs 5, on peut loger, sans contrainte ni déformation des rabats, la semelle 10 du patin support. Such an embodiment is illustrated in perspective in Figure 5 which shows the shoe in place at a lower corner of the container and thanks to the offset "d" between the folding edges 8 corresponding to the outer flaps 6 and the folding edges 9 corresponding to the inner flaps 5, one can accommodate, without constraint or deformation of the flaps, the sole 10 of the support pad.
Les différentes figures 6a à 6c et 7a à 7c montrent les positionnements respectifs des flancs, rabats, et patins, respectivement en vue de profil ou en vue de face selon les flèches
VI et VII de la figure 5.The different figures 6a to 6c and 7a to 7c show the respective positions of the sides, flaps, and pads, respectively in profile view or in front view according to the arrows
VI and VII of figure 5.
En outre, il est à remarquer que, dans ce cas, les flancs latéraux 4 correspondant aux rabats intérieurs 5 sont en appui franc sur les extrémités des patins support 3. In addition, it should be noted that, in this case, the lateral flanks 4 corresponding to the interior flaps 5 are in abutment on the ends of the support pads 3.
La figure 10 montre une seconde réalisation qui permettra notamment d'enfiler des patins du type de ceux représentés à la figure 3a ou 3b selon l'opération illustrée à la figure 4, grâce aux découpes 16 pratiquées sur les côtés latéraux des rabats 6. FIG. 10 shows a second embodiment which will in particular make it possible to thread pads of the type of those represented in FIG. 3a or 3b according to the operation illustrated in FIG. 4, thanks to the cutouts 16 made on the lateral sides of the flaps 6.
Naturellement, d'autres mises en oeuvre de la présente invention, auraient pu être envisagées, sans pour cela sortir du cadre de la présente invention. Naturally, other implementations of the present invention could have been envisaged, without thereby departing from the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR8616182A FR2606370B1 (en) | 1986-11-12 | 1986-11-12 | COMPOSITE PALLET BOX |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR8616182A FR2606370B1 (en) | 1986-11-12 | 1986-11-12 | COMPOSITE PALLET BOX |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
FR2606370A1 true FR2606370A1 (en) | 1988-05-13 |
FR2606370B1 FR2606370B1 (en) | 1989-09-22 |
Family
ID=9341030
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
FR8616182A Expired FR2606370B1 (en) | 1986-11-12 | 1986-11-12 | COMPOSITE PALLET BOX |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
FR (1) | FR2606370B1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4863024A (en) * | 1988-08-10 | 1989-09-05 | Booth Clarence R | Collapsible pallet and related products |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3608813A (en) * | 1969-09-04 | 1971-09-28 | Mead Corp | Shipping container |
EP0059667A2 (en) * | 1981-02-27 | 1982-09-08 | Compagnie Generale Des Papiers | Container with integrated pallet |
GB2123794A (en) * | 1982-07-13 | 1984-02-08 | Hugh Henry Sutcliffe | Box pallets |
-
1986
- 1986-11-12 FR FR8616182A patent/FR2606370B1/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3608813A (en) * | 1969-09-04 | 1971-09-28 | Mead Corp | Shipping container |
EP0059667A2 (en) * | 1981-02-27 | 1982-09-08 | Compagnie Generale Des Papiers | Container with integrated pallet |
GB2123794A (en) * | 1982-07-13 | 1984-02-08 | Hugh Henry Sutcliffe | Box pallets |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4863024A (en) * | 1988-08-10 | 1989-09-05 | Booth Clarence R | Collapsible pallet and related products |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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FR2606370B1 (en) | 1989-09-22 |
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