FR2554869A1 - Device for electromagnetically actuating internal combustion engine valves, with a torque-varying effect, and its use - Google Patents

Device for electromagnetically actuating internal combustion engine valves, with a torque-varying effect, and its use Download PDF

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Publication number
FR2554869A1
FR2554869A1 FR8318251A FR8318251A FR2554869A1 FR 2554869 A1 FR2554869 A1 FR 2554869A1 FR 8318251 A FR8318251 A FR 8318251A FR 8318251 A FR8318251 A FR 8318251A FR 2554869 A1 FR2554869 A1 FR 2554869A1
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Prior art keywords
valves
opening
closing
torque
combustion engine
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FR2554869B1 (en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L9/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically
    • F01L9/20—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by electric means
    • F01L9/26—Driving circuits therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L9/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically
    • F01L9/20—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by electric means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L9/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically
    • F01L9/20—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by electric means
    • F01L9/21—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by electric means actuated by solenoids
    • F01L2009/2105—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by electric means actuated by solenoids comprising two or more coils
    • F01L2009/2109—The armature being articulated perpendicularly to the coils axes

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a device making it possible to actuate the valves of an internal combustion engine by means of electromagnets, triggered by a rotary pulse generator. The pulse generator is composed of a casing made of an insulating material, fitted with angular position sensors 2. Inside the casing a rotor composed of a set of discs equal in number to the number of valves is connected to the drive shaft, by means of the spindle. Each disc of the rotor is fitted, at its perimeter, with a number of induction signals corresponding to the open and closed periods of each of the valves. These signals, by changing the open and closed periods of the valves during operation, have the effect of shifting the drive torque, and matching it to the available power according to the load required, for each of the speeds in question. The device, according to the invention, makes up for the imperfections of entirely mechanical actuators to which the movement of the valves is linked in an unvariable manner.

Description

La présente invention concerbe un dispositif permettant de supprimer dans un moteur d'automobile;l'arbre a cames,ainsi que 1n quasi-totalité des organes mécaniques servant a animer les soupapes, et remplacer ces divers éléments,par.une commande électro-magnétique des soupapes,dont 1n fonction se traduit pfr un résultat technique et thermo-dynamique différent,de ce qu'il est possible d'obtenir au moyen d'une commande des soupapes entièrement mécanique,en l'état actuel de la technique.The present invention relates to a device making it possible to suppress in an automobile engine; the camshaft, as well as almost all of the mechanical organs serving to animate the valves, and to replace these various elements, by an electromagnetic control. valves, 1n function of which translates pfr a technical and thermodynamic result different from what is possible by means of a fully mechanical valve control, in the current state of the art.

De par sa realisation,l'arbre a cames est un organe mécanique d'une seule pièce,dont la position, et la g-ioimétrie des cames est immuable, ce qui a pour éffet,de situer le couple moteur a un régime d'utilisation relativement élevé,car pré-déterminé par construction, et donc invariable, or, en l'état de la technlque,lorsqu'un arbre a cames est conçu pour assurer un bon remplissage dans les hauts régimes,le fonctionnement a bas régime est mauvais,il est générateur de pollution et de consommation -ilevée,dans les basses zones d'emploi.By its realization, the camshaft is a mechanical part in one piece, whose position, and the g-ioimetry of the cams is immutable, which has the effect of locating the engine torque at a speed of relatively high use, because pre-determined by construction, and therefore invariable, or, in the technical state, when a camshaft is designed to ensure good filling at high speeds, the operation at low speed is poor , it generates pollution and consumption - high, in low employment areas.

La présente invention,en modifiant en cours de fonctionnement,les temps et les moments d'ouverture et de fermeture des soupapes,a pour éffet de déplacer le couple moteur, et l'adapter d'une façon plus adéquate,a chacune des phases de travail du moteur.The present invention, by modifying, during operation, the times and times of opening and closing of the valves, has the effect of displacing the engine torque, and adapting it more adequately, to each of the phases of engine work.

Lorsque Ir charge augmente,le moteur ralentit,mais le couple étant dépla- e,un nouvel équilibre s'installe,il en résulte une plus grande souplesse de fonctionnement,notamment a bas régime.When the load increases, the engine slows down, but the torque being displaced, a new equilibrium is set up, which results in greater operating flexibility, especially at low speed.

Outre la variabilité du couple moteur en cours de fonctionnement,ce qui est la caractéristique principale du dispositif,celui-ci offre de surcroil une précision,et une instantanéité du mouvement des soupapes,jamais atteinte par un arbre à cames,ou psr une quiconque commande mécanique,en l'état actuel de la technique.In addition to the variability of the engine torque during operation, which is the main characteristic of the device, it also offers precision and instantaneous valve movement, never reached by a camshaft, or by anyone who controls mechanical, in the current state of the art.

Une fidèle adaptation du rendement thermo-dynamique a chacune des phàses de travail du moteur,permet de réaliser,a puissance égale développée,une économie d'énergie appréciable, confortée par l'absence d'inertie, et de frottement des organes mécaniques supprimél-s. A faithful adaptation of the thermodynamic efficiency to each of the working phases of the engine, allows an appreciable energy saving to be achieved, at equal developed power, supported by the absence of inertia and of friction of the mechanical organs eliminated. s.

Ce dispositif est susceptible d'une tres grande diffusion industrielle, et commerciale,du fait qu'il s'adresse en particulier au domine de l(automobile, et qu(il possède 1 p-rticulnrite de pouvoir s'adapter tous les moteurs e explosion esistents,ou nouvellement construits, fonctionnant -3vec des soupapes. This device is likely to be very widely used industrially and commercially, owing to the fact that it is intended in particular for the automotive sector, and that it has 1 p-rticulnrite to be able to adapt all engines e explosion, or newly constructed, operating with valves.

La présente invention comprend quatre parties, dont trois son éssentie les, Ire Partie: Elle est constituée pour chacune des soupapes,d'une paire d'electro-nimants (I) 3 culasse,plcés en position horizontale, dont les champs magnétiques sont opposis,les électro-aimants sont enfe mis dans deux carters en aluminuim (5) contenant de l'huile a haut poi d'ébullition,en utilisation intensive,l'huile a pour but de mintenir bobines magnétiques à une température compatible avec les phénomènes d résistivité,( 2me loi d'Ohm ) Le couvercle étanche des carters porte d ailettes de refroidissement,le corps extérieur des carters porte les bornes de connexion aux électro-athants. The present invention comprises four parts, three of which are sound, Part I: It consists for each of the valves, of a pair of electro-nimants (I) 3 yoke, plcés in horizontal position, whose magnetic fields are opposite , the electromagnets are also placed in two aluminum casings (5) containing oil with a high boiling point, in intensive use, the purpose of the oil is to maintain magnetic coils at a temperature compatible with the phenomena of resistivity, (2nd law of Ohm) The tight cover of the housings carries cooling fins, the external body of the housings carries the terminals of connection to the electro-athants.

Les noyaux des bobines magnétiques traversent 1' paroi des carters,au moyen de joints d'étanchéité,la distance que sépare les carters qui es réglable, correspond au déplacement linéaire des soupapes, dans leurs li tes d'ouverture et de fermeture.The cores of the magnetic coils pass through the wall of the casings, by means of seals, the distance which separates the casings which is adjustable, corresponds to the linear displacement of the valves, in their opening and closing lines.

Les deux carters (5' sont fixés de part et d'autre des rangées de soup près des tiges,dépourvues de leurs ressorts de rappel d'origine,selon variante les soupapes peuvent être munies de ressorts de rappel,dans c cas,une seule r.ngéesdJélectro-aimants est prévue.The two casings (5 'are fixed on either side of the rows of soup near the rods, devoid of their original return springs, depending on variant the valves can be fitted with return springs, in this case, only one The electromagnets are scheduled.

2me partie: Elle est constituée par un levier en forme d'équerre (2), ticulé sur un axe placé a l'interseCtiOn des deux bras,l'extrémité hor zontale du levier est reliée a la tige de soupape (4) au moyen d'une r le démontable coulissant dans l'emprise du levier (2) l'extrémité vert le du levier (2) est munie d'une pastille en fer doux, placée dans le champ magnétique des électro-aimants, (I) opposés,l'attraction exercée le bras vertical du levier (2) ouvre et ferme les soupapes,par déplace ment angulaire de l'extrémité verticale du dit levier.2nd part: It is constituted by a lever in the form of a square (2), ticulated on an axis placed at the intersection of the two arms, the horizontal end of the lever is connected to the valve stem (4) by means of a r the removable sliding in the grip of the lever (2) the green end of the lever (2) is provided with a soft iron pad, placed in the magnetic field of the electromagnets, (I) opposite , the attraction exerted by the vertical arm of the lever (2) opens and closes the valves, by angular displacement of the vertical end of said lever.

3me partie: Elle est constituée par un commutateur rotatif,entrainé pa l'arbre moteur,assurant la mise sous tension des électro-aimants,confo mément aux périodes d'ouverture et de fermeture des soupapes,correspon aux divers temps du cycle moteur.3rd part: It consists of a rotary switch, driven by the motor shaft, ensuring the energization of the electromagnets, in accordance with the opening and closing periods of the valves, corresponding to the various times of the motor cycle.

Elle se compose d'un boîtier en matière isolante (6) a l périphérie duquel sont implantés des détecteurs,ou capteurs de position (7) a 1' térieur,un rotor calé sur lFarbre moteur,assure la commutation des éle tro-aimants,au moyen de divers signaux magnétiqyes, (II-I?I3-I4 ) par l'intermédiaire de thyristors. Le thyristor est un transistor pour for intensités,qui évite tout contact glissant,il se comporte comme un int rupteur immatériel a fonctions multiples,réalisant simultanément,la co pure d'un électro-aimant,et la mise sous tension de son antagoniste.It consists of a housing made of insulating material (6) at the periphery of which are located detectors, or position sensors (7) inside, a rotor fixed on the motor shaft, ensures the switching of the electromagnets, at by means of various magnetic signals, (II-I? I3-I4) via thyristors. The thyristor is a transistor for intensities, which avoids any sliding contact, it behaves like an immaterial interrupter with multiple functions, simultaneously realizing, the pure co of an electromagnet, and the tensioning of its antagonist.

Le rotor est constitué par un assemblage de disques en métal non m gné quet8) sparSs entre euxpar un crn en mati=-re isolante. The rotor is made up of an assembly of discs of unmagnetic metal quet8) sparSs between them by a crn in insulating material.

3me Partie suite: I1 y a autant de disques que de soupapes, chaque disque comporte a son pourtour,au moins 4 capacités,( I2-I3-I4-I5 ) constituées par des solénoides,des aimants perm.-nents,ou bobinages a éffet Hall,formant un générateur d'impulsions, destiné a déclencher dans les capteurs de position angulaires (7) du boitier (6) les différents signaux d'ouverture et de fermeture des soupapes,par les électro-aimants (I)
Pour le cas d'une soupape d'admission,deux signaux correspondent a un couple moteur situé dans les bas régimes,entre 500 et 2.000 T.M.mesurés sur l'arbre moteur,pour une période d'ouverture d'environ 200 O
Les deux autres signaux correspondent a un couple moteur situé au dela de 2.000 T.M.pour un temps d'ouverture égal ou supérieur a 2609,le même processus est appliqué aux disques commandant aux soupapes d'échappement de telle sorte que jusqu'a 2.000 TM les temps d'ouverture des soupapes sont maintenus a des valeurs angulaires correspondant a un couple de bas régime,au dela de 2.000 T.M. les temps d'ouverture et de fermeture sont modifiés,pour situer le couple moteur a de hauts régimes,ces derniers signaux sont alors pris en charge par d'autres capteurs,du boitier (6) chaque groupe de capteurs,correspondant a un régime différent du moteur.3rd Part continued: There are as many discs as there are valves, each disc has at its periphery, at least 4 capacities, (I2-I3-I4-I5) constituted by solenoids, permanent magnets, or windings with Hall effect, forming a pulse generator, intended to trigger in the angular position sensors (7) of the box (6) the various signals for opening and closing of the valves, by the electromagnets (I)
In the case of an intake valve, two signals correspond to an engine torque located in low revs, between 500 and 2,000 MT measured on the engine shaft, for an opening period of approximately 200 O
The other two signals correspond to an engine torque located above 2,000 MT for an opening time equal to or greater than 2609, the same process is applied to the discs controlling the exhaust valves so that up to 2,000 MT the times valve opening times are maintained at angular values corresponding to a low speed torque, beyond 2,000 MT the opening and closing times are modified, to locate the engine torque at high speeds, these latter signals are then supported by other sensors, from the box (6) each group of sensors, corresponding to a different engine speed.

Le boitier (6) lui-même,comporte une fixation (9) autorisant une faible rotation de sa position,afin de parfaire a précision des réglages,inhérents a chaque type de moteur.The housing (6) itself comprises a fixing (9) allowing a slight rotation of its position, in order to perfect the adjustments, inherent in each type of engine.

4me Partie : Elle est constituée par un circuit électrique,permettant d'alimenter les électro-aimants (I) commandant aux soupapes(4).Part 4: It consists of an electrical circuit, which supplies the electromagnets (I) controlling the valves (4).

Ce circuit peut être doté d'amplificateurs ou de réducteurs de tension du courant fourni,soit par des accudulateurs lorsqu'il s'agit d'une installation mobile,ou par le courant du secteur pour les installations fixes.This circuit can be fitted with amplifiers or voltage reducers for the current supplied, either by accumulators in the case of a mobile installation, or by mains current for fixed installations.

I1 s'agit d'un f;isce'u de cables destiné a relier entre eux,les divers commutateurs, suivant la nature des signaux,ou des impulsions émises par les disques du rotor,par l'intermédi?ire de thyristors. I1 it is a f; isce'u of cables intended to connect between them, the various switches, according to the nature of the signals, or of the impulses emitted by the discs of the rotor, by the intermediary of thyristors.

Cette partie n'tant pas brevetable,il en est fait mention,uniquement pour satisfaire aux besoins de la dGscription. This part is not patentable, it is mentioned, only to meet the needs of the description.

La figure (I) représente le schèma du dispositif de commande des soupapes (4) selon l'invention,lequel comporte des électro-aimants (I) enfermés dans des carters en aluminium (5) fixes dur la culasse du moteur (3) L'attrction exercée par les champs magnétieFes,ou re et ferme les soupap (4) pnr l'intermédiaire du levier (.R) dont l'extrénit verticale est cons titube par une partie en fer doux,l'extrémité horizontale du levier (') est rrliée a 1 tige de soupape (4) au moyen d'une rotule démontable, coulissnnt dns l'emi)ris2 du levier (2)
La figure (2) représente le schéma du g::rteur (t'impulsions, selon l'i vention,Il se compose d'un boitier en matière isolante (6) a la périphé duquel sont implantés des capteurs de position (7) recevant des informa tions de plusieurs signaux ( I'-I3-I4-I5 ) disposés au pourtour des disques (8) constituant le rotor,lui-même relié au moteur par l'arbre d'entrainement (I0 ) L figure (3) représente le schéma salon l'invention,de la position des divers signaux ( I'-I3-I4-I5 ) fixées sur chacun des disques (8) du roto permettant d'obtenir en cours d'utilisation,plusieurs périodes d'ouvert ou de fermeture des soupapes, selon le régime du moteur.Figure (I) shows the diagram of the valve control device (4) according to the invention, which comprises electromagnets (I) enclosed in aluminum casings (5) fixed on the cylinder head of the engine (3) L 'attrction exerted by the magnetic fields, or re and closes the valves (4) pnr the lever (.R) whose vertical end is constituted by a soft iron part, the horizontal end of the lever (' ) is connected to 1 valve stem (4) by means of a removable ball joint, sliding in the middle) ris2 of the lever (2)
Figure (2) shows the diagram of the controller :: impulses, according to the invention, It consists of a housing made of insulating material (6) at the periphery of which are positioned position sensors (7) receiving information from several signals (I'-I3-I4-I5) arranged around the discs (8) constituting the rotor, itself connected to the motor by the drive shaft (I0) L figure (3) represents the diagram of the invention, of the position of the various signals (I'-I3-I4-I5) fixed on each of the discs (8) of the roto allowing to obtain during use, several periods of open or valves, depending on the engine speed.

Le dispositif selon l'invention constitue une voie nouvelle dans la mai se technologique de l'énergie,en suppléant aux imperfections suivantes; - ) les moteurs de faible cylindrée,ne délivrent leur puissance qu'a ha
régime,le couple moteur étant placé tres haut,la puissance disponi
a bas régime est généralement insuffisante,et le fonctionnement
défectueux.The device according to the invention constitutes a new path in the technological may of energy, making up for the following imperfections; -) engines of small displacement, deliver their power only ha
speed, the engine torque being placed very high, the power available
at low speed is generally insufficient, and the functioning
defective.

- ) la puissance des moteurs d'automobiles est en général tres supérieu
aux besoins de l'emploi,qui en est fait,le moteur étant rarement ut sé a pleine puissance,sPuf pendant de courts moments.-) the power of automobile engines is generally very higher
to the needs of the use which is made of it, the engine being seldom used at full power, sPuf for short moments.

E modifiant en cours de fonctionnement,les périodes d'ouverture et de fermeture des soupapes,le dispositif selon l'invention, confère a un mêm moteur,deux ou plusieurs phàses de puissance,nettement différenciées da leur mode d'action.E modifying, during operation, the opening and closing periods of the valves, the device according to the invention, gives a same engine, two or more power phases, clearly differentiated by their mode of action.

Dans la première phàse destinée aux basses zones d'emploi,le moteur di se d'une puissance améloirée,grace a des conditions rationelles de remp sage,et de combustion,avec report du couple moteur,vers les bas régimes spécialement adaptée aux faibles charges.In the first phase intended for low areas of employment, the engine is of an improved power, thanks to rational conditions of rampage, and combustion, with transfer of the engine torque, to low revs specially adapted to low loads .

Cette phàse présente la particularité d'éffacer toute mauvaise conduite notamment lors d'une succession d'arrêts et de déprrts a faible allure en circulation urbaine.This phase has the particularity of erasing any bad behavior, especially during a succession of stops and low speed lows in urban traffic.

Les phàses suivantes, permettent au moteur de retrouver toutes les carac ristiques originaires de puissance maxima,pour lesquelles il a été cons truit,et réalisé.The following phases allow the engine to recover all the characteristics originating from maximum power, for which it was built and produced.

Fin de la description.  End of description.

Claims (3)

R E V E N D I C A T I O N S I ) Dispositif électro-magnétique de commande de soupapes,a double cation alternative,( ouverture et fermeture ) carectérisé par l'absence d'organes mécaniques rotatifs a frottement,tel un arbre a cames. : + Di positif selon l'invention, et la revendication (I) caractérisé en ce que l' < ction des électro-aimants ouvrant et fermnnt les soupapes est asservie a un générateur électronique d'impulsions,relié a l'ar bre moteur.R E V E N D I C A T I O N S I) Electromagnetic valve control device, with alternative double cation, (opening and closing) characterized by the absence of rotating mechanical friction elements, such as a camshaft. : + Di positive according to the invention, and claim (I) characterized in that the <ction of the electromagnets opening and closing the valves is controlled by an electronic pulse generator, connected to the motor shaft. 3 ) Dispositif selon la revendication (2) caractérisé en ce que la périodicité des impulsions du générateur électronique,est variable par rapport u régime moteur.3) Device according to claim (2) characterized in that the periodicity of the pulses of the electronic generator is variable with respect to engine speed. 4 ) Dispositif selon les revendications ( 2 et 3 ) caractérisé en ce que la variabilité des impulsions álectroniques,modifiant les temps et les moments d'ouverture et fermeture des soupapes,a pour but de moduler le volume des gaz admis dans les cylindres.4) Device according to claims (2 and 3) characterized in that the variability of electronic pulses, modifying the times and times of opening and closing of the valves, aims to modulate the volume of gas admitted into the cylinders. 5 ) Dispositif selon les revendications sus-énoncées,caracterisé en ce que le volume des gaz admis dans les cylindres, est géré par les variations d'ouverture et de fermeture des soupapes,en fonction du régime moteur, et de l-a puissance requise.5) Device according to the above claims, characterized in that the volume of gas admitted into the cylinders is managed by the variations in opening and closing of the valves, depending on the engine speed, and the power required. n ) Dispositif selon les revendications sus-visées,cractéris par la r-duction d volume des z d'admission,dans les Fasses zones d'emploi correspondant a 1 puissance instantanée nécessaire.  n) Device according to the aforementioned claims, characterized by the reduction in volume of the intake z, in the low areas of use corresponding to 1 instantaneous power required.
FR8318251A 1983-11-15 1983-11-15 DEVICE FOR ELECTROMAGNETICALLY CONTROLLING VALVES OF AN EXPLOSION ENGINE, WITH TORQUE VARIABLE EFFECT, AND USE THEREOF Expired FR2554869B1 (en)

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FR8318251A FR2554869B1 (en) 1983-11-15 1983-11-15 DEVICE FOR ELECTROMAGNETICALLY CONTROLLING VALVES OF AN EXPLOSION ENGINE, WITH TORQUE VARIABLE EFFECT, AND USE THEREOF

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8318251A FR2554869B1 (en) 1983-11-15 1983-11-15 DEVICE FOR ELECTROMAGNETICALLY CONTROLLING VALVES OF AN EXPLOSION ENGINE, WITH TORQUE VARIABLE EFFECT, AND USE THEREOF

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FR2554869A1 true FR2554869A1 (en) 1985-05-17
FR2554869B1 FR2554869B1 (en) 1989-04-14

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19824537A1 (en) * 1998-06-03 1999-12-09 Lsp Innovative Automotive Sys Electromagnetic drive for actuating valve in internal combustion engine

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1233442A (en) * 1959-08-26 1960-10-12 Method of controlling valves of internal combustion engines
FR2192242A1 (en) * 1972-07-12 1974-02-08 British Leyland Ltd
DE2343905A1 (en) * 1973-08-31 1975-03-13 Daimler Benz Ag DEVICE FOR DIGITAL-ELECTRONIC CONTROL OF INLET, EXHAUST AND INJECTION VALVES AND IGNITION IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
FR2307958A1 (en) * 1975-04-18 1976-11-12 Robert Edmond IC engine with electromagnetic valves - having solenoids energised in sequence by engine driven distributor

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1233442A (en) * 1959-08-26 1960-10-12 Method of controlling valves of internal combustion engines
FR2192242A1 (en) * 1972-07-12 1974-02-08 British Leyland Ltd
DE2343905A1 (en) * 1973-08-31 1975-03-13 Daimler Benz Ag DEVICE FOR DIGITAL-ELECTRONIC CONTROL OF INLET, EXHAUST AND INJECTION VALVES AND IGNITION IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
FR2307958A1 (en) * 1975-04-18 1976-11-12 Robert Edmond IC engine with electromagnetic valves - having solenoids energised in sequence by engine driven distributor

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19824537A1 (en) * 1998-06-03 1999-12-09 Lsp Innovative Automotive Sys Electromagnetic drive for actuating valve in internal combustion engine

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