FR2487729A1 - IMPROVEMENTS ON INTERNALLY PROTECTED HOT WATER TANKS AND THEIR MANUFACTURING METHODS - Google Patents
IMPROVEMENTS ON INTERNALLY PROTECTED HOT WATER TANKS AND THEIR MANUFACTURING METHODS Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- FR2487729A1 FR2487729A1 FR8016840A FR8016840A FR2487729A1 FR 2487729 A1 FR2487729 A1 FR 2487729A1 FR 8016840 A FR8016840 A FR 8016840A FR 8016840 A FR8016840 A FR 8016840A FR 2487729 A1 FR2487729 A1 FR 2487729A1
- Authority
- FR
- France
- Prior art keywords
- hot water
- tank
- water tank
- tanks
- plastic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001175 rotational moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003100 immobilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000006223 plastic coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C41/00—Shaping by coating a mould, core or other substrate, i.e. by depositing material and stripping-off the shaped article; Apparatus therefor
- B29C41/02—Shaping by coating a mould, core or other substrate, i.e. by depositing material and stripping-off the shaped article; Apparatus therefor for making articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
- B29C41/20—Shaping by coating a mould, core or other substrate, i.e. by depositing material and stripping-off the shaped article; Apparatus therefor for making articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. moulding inserts or for coating articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D7/22—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials to internal surfaces, e.g. of tubes
- B05D7/227—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials to internal surfaces, e.g. of tubes of containers, cans or the like
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C41/00—Shaping by coating a mould, core or other substrate, i.e. by depositing material and stripping-off the shaped article; Apparatus therefor
- B29C41/02—Shaping by coating a mould, core or other substrate, i.e. by depositing material and stripping-off the shaped article; Apparatus therefor for making articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
- B29C41/04—Rotational or centrifugal casting, i.e. coating the inside of a mould by rotating the mould
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2023/00—Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
- B29K2023/04—Polymers of ethylene
- B29K2023/06—PE, i.e. polyethylene
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2705/00—Use of metals, their alloys or their compounds, for preformed parts, e.g. for inserts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2022/00—Hollow articles
- B29L2022/002—Globes
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Details Of Fluid Heaters (AREA)
- Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)
- Rigid Containers With Two Or More Constituent Elements (AREA)
- Details Of Rigid Or Semi-Rigid Containers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
PERFECTIONNEMENTS AUX BALLONS D'EAU CHAUDE ET A LEURS
PROCEDES DE FABRICATION
L'invention est relative aux ballons d'eau chaude, c'est-à-dire aux cuves fermées propres à contenir, aux fins d'emmagasinage des calories correspondantes, des masses d'eau chaude sous pression destinées notamment au puisage sanitaire, les volumes de ces masses étant généralement compris entre 15 et 10 000 litres, et de préférence de l'ordre de la centaine de litres,.et leur température étant généralement comprise entre 50 et 1000 C, de préférence entre 60 et 900 C.IMPROVEMENTS ON HOT WATER BALLOONS AND THEIR
MANUFACTURING PROCESSES
The invention relates to hot water tanks, that is to say closed tanks capable of containing, for the purpose of storing the corresponding calories, masses of hot water under pressure intended in particular for sanitary drawing, volumes of these masses being generally between 15 and 10,000 liters, and preferably of the order of a hundred liters, .and their temperature being generally between 50 and 1000 C, preferably between 60 and 900 C.
Elle vise plus particulièrement, parmi les cuves en question, celles constituées en métal. More specifically, it targets, among the tanks in question, those made of metal.
Elle concerne également les procédés de fabrication desdites cuves ou ballons. It also relates to the methods of manufacturing said tanks or flasks.
Pour protéger de la corrosion par l'eau chaude le métal constitutif des cuves du genre en question, il a déjà été proposé de galvaniser les faces intérieures desdites cuves, ou encore d'avoir recours à des tôles revêtues d'une couche en matière plastique sur leur face destinée à venir en contact avec l'eau chaude. To protect from corrosion by hot water the metal constituting the tanks of the kind in question, it has already been proposed to galvanize the internal faces of said tanks, or even to use sheets coated with a plastic layer. on their face intended to come into contact with hot water.
Le premier de ces procédés est coûteux et le second est délicat à mettre en oeuvre, en particulier en raison des difficultés d'assurer une protection efficace dans les zones fortement incurvées de la cuve et dans les zones où celle- ci se raccorde à ses tubulures de desserte. The first of these methods is expensive and the second is difficult to implement, in particular because of the difficulties of ensuring effective protection in the strongly curved areas of the tank and in the areas where the latter is connected to its pipes. service.
L'invention a pour but, surtout, de remédier à ces différents inconvénients. The object of the invention is, above all, to remedy these various drawbacks.
Elle est essentiellement caractérisée en ce que l'on forme par rotomoulage en étuve, à l'intérieur d'une cuve métallique déjà mise en forme, une seconde cuve en matière plastique. It is essentially characterized in that a second plastic tank is formed by rotational molding in an oven, inside a metal tank already shaped.
La cuve composite telle qu'elle se présente après sa fabrication et avant sa première mise en service est caractérisée en ce qu'elle est composée de deux cuves s'enveloppant l'une l'autre d'une manière qui n'est pas totalement jointive en ce sens qu'un faible jeu -pouvant atteindre 1 mm- subsiste alors entre ces deux cuves : en effet, lors du refroidissement consécutif au rotomoulage, la cuve intérieure en matière plastique subit un retrait plus important que la cuve extérieure métallique. The composite tank as it appears after its manufacture and before it is put into service for the first time is characterized in that it is composed of two tanks wrapped around each other in a manner which is not completely contiguous in the sense that a small clearance - able to reach 1 mm - then remains between these two tanks: in fact, during the cooling subsequent to rotational molding, the internal plastic tank undergoes a greater shrinkage than the metal external tank.
Malgré ce jeu, aucun moyen spécial n'est ici prévu dans l'intervalle séparant les deux cuves pour assurer leur adhérence mutuelle ultérieure. Despite this play, no special means is provided here in the interval separating the two tanks to ensure their subsequent mutual adhesion.
Malgré ce montage légèrement "flottant" de la cuve intérieure dans la cuve extérieure lors de la livraison du ballon, ce dernier se caractérise dès sa première mise en service par une parfaite adhérence mutuelle des deux cuves. Despite this slightly "floating" mounting of the inner tank in the outer tank upon delivery of the tank, the latter is characterized from its first start-up by perfect mutual adhesion of the two tanks.
En effet, du fait des valeurs relativement élevées de la température et de la pression de l'eau chaude introduite dans le ballon lors de ladite première mise en service, les dilatations subies par la cuve intérieure à raison de son contact direct avec cette eau chaude dépassent le seuil de réversibilité et demeurent donc permanentes. In fact, due to the relatively high values of the temperature and of the pressure of the hot water introduced into the tank during said first commissioning, the expansions undergone by the inner tank due to its direct contact with this hot water. exceed the reversibility threshold and therefore remain permanent.
L'invention comprend, mises à part ces dispositions principales, certaines autres dispositions qui s'utilisent de préférence en même temps et dont il sera plus explicitement ci-après. The invention includes, apart from these main provisions, certain other provisions which are preferably used at the same time and which will be more explicitly explained below.
Dans ce qui suit, on va décrire plus en détail, à titre illustratif et aucunement limitatif, un mode de réalisation de l'invention. In the following, an embodiment of the invention will be described in more detail, by way of illustration and in no way limiting.
Pour fabriquer un ballon d'eau chaude destiné à l'accumulation de calories en vue d'alimenter notamment une installation de puisage sanitaire, on commence par fabriquer une cuve métallique présentant un volume intérieur V relativement important, ce volume étant généralement supérieur à 15 litres et par exemple de l'ordre de la centaine de litres. To manufacture a hot water tank intended for the accumulation of calories with a view to supplying in particular a sanitary draw-off installation, one begins by manufacturing a metal tank having a relatively large internal volume V, this volume generally being greater than 15 liters. and for example of the order of a hundred liters.
Cette fabrication est conduite sans précaution particulière en ce qui concerne l'étanchéité et la résistance à la corrosion vis-à-vis de l'eau chaude. This production is carried out without any particular precautions as regards sealing and resistance to corrosion with respect to hot water.
La cuve en question est pratiquement fermée à l'exception de ses raccords à ses tubulures de desserte. The tank in question is practically closed, with the exception of its connections to its serving pipes.
On introduit ensuite dans ladite cuve, sous une forme pulvérulente ou liquide, les composants nécessaires pour former, par projection centrifuge, après chauffage à une température suffisante, une nappe ou couche continue de matière plastique relativement épaisse tapissant la totalité de la face interne de ladite cuve. Then introduced into said tank, in a pulverulent or liquid form, the components necessary to form, by centrifugal spraying, after heating to a sufficient temperature, a sheet or continuous layer of relatively thick plastic material lining the entire internal face of said tank.
La cuve est alors montée sur un appareil connu en soi de "rotomoulage", c'est-à-dire propre à lui faire subir des rotations relativement rapides autour.de deux axes non parallèles, de préférence concourants et perpendiculaires entre eux. The tank is then mounted on an apparatus known per se of "rotational molding", that is to say capable of subjecting it to relatively rapid rotations around two non-parallel axes, preferably concurrent and perpendicular to each other.
On place l'ensemble dans une étuve chauffée à une température suffisante, par exemple de l'ordre de 250 à 3500 C, pour ramollir ou fondre la matière plastique introduite dans la cuve et pour former par projection centrifuge de cette matière la couche de protection désirée. The assembly is placed in an oven heated to a sufficient temperature, for example of the order of 250 to 3500 ° C., to soften or melt the plastic material introduced into the tank and to form the protective layer by centrifugal spraying. desired.
La quantité de ladite matière introduite est choisie de façon telle que l'épaisseur de ladite couche soit de l'ordre de 3 mm, étant plus généralement comprise entre 1 et 10 mm. The amount of said material introduced is chosen such that the thickness of said layer is of the order of 3 mm, being more generally between 1 and 10 mm.
La matière plastique choisie pour constituer la couche en question est de préférence un polyéthylène, mais pourrait etre également constituée de toute autre substance appropriée telle que par exemple une polyamide. The plastic material chosen to constitute the layer in question is preferably a polyethylene, but could also consist of any other suitable substance such as for example a polyamide.
Enfin, après avoir immobilisé la cuve, on la laisse refroidir. Finally, after immobilizing the tank, it is allowed to cool.
Lors de ce refroidissement, la nappe ou couche interne en matière plastique subit un retrait thermique plus important que la cuve métallique externe et se décolle légèrement de cette cuve, tout en demeurant en forme vu sa rigidité. During this cooling, the ply or internal layer of plastic material undergoes a greater thermal shrinkage than the external metal tank and peels off slightly from this tank, while remaining in shape given its rigidity.
On observe alors pratiquement la formation d'une seconde cuve autonome à l'intérieur de la première, semblable à celle-ci, bien qu'un peu plus petite. We practically observe the formation of a second autonomous tank inside the first, similar to this one, although a little smaller.
Le jeu alors créé entre ces deux cuves peut atteindre et meme dépasser localement 1 mm. The play then created between these two tanks can reach and even exceed locally 1 mm.
C'est dans cet état, qui correspond à un montage légèrement "flottant" de la cuve interne dans la cuve externe, que le ballon est livré. It is in this state, which corresponds to a slightly "floating" mounting of the internal tank in the external tank, that the balloon is delivered.
L'expérience montre que le léger flottement en cause ne constitue pas un inconvénient pour l'application envisagée à la réception d'eau chaude sous pression. Experience has shown that the slight fluctuation in question does not constitute a drawback for the application envisaged for the reception of hot water under pressure.
En effet, lors de la mise en service dudit ballon par introduction d'une telle eau chaude sous pression dans sa cuve interne, le contact de cette eau chaude avec cette cuve interne a pour effet de dilater cette dernière et d'en appliquer fortement les parois contre la face interne de la cuve métallique externe, laquelle se dilate beaucoup moins du fait à la fois de son moindre échauffement et de son moindre coefficient de dilatation thermique. Indeed, during the commissioning of said tank by introduction of such hot water under pressure into its internal tank, the contact of this hot water with this internal tank has the effect of expanding the latter and applying strongly the walls against the internal face of the external metal tank, which expands much less due to both its lower heating and its lower coefficient of thermal expansion.
L'expérience montre que cette application est si ferme qu'elle est irréversible et qu'une adhérence intime est ainsi réalisée en permanence entre les deux cuves adjacentes : la cuve intérieure ne "décolle" plus ensuite de la cuve extérieure, même lors des refroidissements et des vidanges subséquents du ballon. Experience shows that this application is so firm that it is irreversible and that an intimate adhesion is thus permanently produced between the two adjacent tanks: the internal tank does not then "take off" from the external tank, even during cooling. and subsequent emptying of the balloon.
Le ballon à cuve composite ainsi réalisé peut donc assurer son service de manière très sûre et pendant une très longue durée. The composite tank flask thus produced can therefore ensure its service very safely and for a very long time.
Il est à noter que l'on a déjà proposé avant l'in- vention, de rapporter par "rotomoulage" une couche de protection en matière plastique sur la face interne de la paroi métallique d'un récipient. It should be noted that, before the invention, it has already been proposed to attach a protective layer of plastic material by "rotational molding" to the internal face of the metal wall of a container.
Mais les récipients en question n'étaient pas destinés à contenir de l'eau chaude : il s'agissait alors par exemple d'extincteurs ou de bidons de lait. However, the containers in question were not intended to contain hot water: they were, for example, fire extinguishers or milk cans.
Il était alors nécessaire de prévoir des moyens spéciaux pour assurer ensuite à froid, une bonne adhérence entre la- cuve extérieure métallique et la cuve intérieure en matière plastique formée par rotomoulage, moyens tels qu'un sablage de la face métallique destiné à rendre cette face rugueuse, ou encore l'interposition d'une substance adhésive appropriée entre les deux cuves. It was then necessary to provide special means to then ensure when cold, good adhesion between the metal outer tank and the inner plastic tank formed by rotational molding, means such as sanding the metal face intended to make this face rough, or the interposition of an appropriate adhesive substance between the two tanks.
Vu les relatives difficultés rencontrées pour obtenir en permanence l'adhérence en question pour des récipients non soumis à des variations thermiques, on pouvait penser que la formule concernée (rotomoulage) était exclue pour la protection des ballons d'eau chaude. Given the relative difficulties encountered in permanently obtaining the adhesion in question for containers not subjected to thermal variations, one might think that the formula concerned (rotational molding) was excluded for the protection of hot water tanks.
Il est donc surprenant de constater que, bien au contraire, pour l'application de ladite formule aux ballons d'eau chaude, il est inutile de prévoir. des moyens spéciaux pour assurer l'adhérence mutuelle des deux cuves, la simple introduction de l'eau chaude dans la cuve interne assurant par elle-même ce rôle : en particulier la face interne de la cuve métallique peut demeurer lisse et il n'est nécessaire d'interposer aucune substance adhésive entre cette surface et la couche de revêtement interne en matière plastique. It is therefore surprising to note that, on the contrary, for the application of said formula to hot water tanks, it is useless to plan. special means to ensure the mutual adhesion of the two tanks, the simple introduction of hot water into the internal tank ensuring by itself this role: in particular the internal face of the metal tank can remain smooth and it is not it is necessary to interpose no adhesive substance between this surface and the internal plastic coating layer.
Comme il va de soi, et comme il résulte d'ailleurs déjà de ce qui précède, l'invention ne se limite nullement à ceux de ses modes d'application et de réalisation qui ont été plus particulièrement envisagés ; elle en embrasse, au contraire, toutes les variantes. As goes without saying, and as it already follows from the above, the invention is in no way limited to those of its modes of application and embodiments which have been more particularly envisaged; on the contrary, it embraces all its variants.
Claims (7)
Priority Applications (6)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8016840A FR2487729A1 (en) | 1980-07-30 | 1980-07-30 | IMPROVEMENTS ON INTERNALLY PROTECTED HOT WATER TANKS AND THEIR MANUFACTURING METHODS |
| NL8103361A NL8103361A (en) | 1980-07-30 | 1981-07-15 | HOT WATER BALLOON WITH A WALL PROTECTED ON THE INSIDE AND A METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THAT. |
| ES504296A ES8205648A1 (en) | 1980-07-30 | 1981-07-27 | Boiler for storing hot water and method of manufacturing it |
| DE19813129692 DE3129692A1 (en) | 1980-07-30 | 1981-07-28 | Boiler for storing hot water and method of manufacturing it |
| IT09490/81A IT1167957B (en) | 1980-07-30 | 1981-07-29 | BALL CICE 'TANK FOR HOT WATER WITH INTERNALLY PROTECTED WALLS AND ITS MANUFACTURING PROCESS |
| BE0/205537A BE889803A (en) | 1980-07-30 | 1981-07-30 | IMPROVEMENTS ON INTERNALLY PROTECTED HOT WATER TANKS AND THEIR MANUFACTURING METHODS |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8016840A FR2487729A1 (en) | 1980-07-30 | 1980-07-30 | IMPROVEMENTS ON INTERNALLY PROTECTED HOT WATER TANKS AND THEIR MANUFACTURING METHODS |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| FR2487729A1 true FR2487729A1 (en) | 1982-02-05 |
| FR2487729B1 FR2487729B1 (en) | 1983-11-04 |
Family
ID=9244722
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8016840A Granted FR2487729A1 (en) | 1980-07-30 | 1980-07-30 | IMPROVEMENTS ON INTERNALLY PROTECTED HOT WATER TANKS AND THEIR MANUFACTURING METHODS |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| BE (1) | BE889803A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3129692A1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES8205648A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2487729A1 (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1167957B (en) |
| NL (1) | NL8103361A (en) |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2243800A1 (en) * | 1973-09-13 | 1975-04-11 | Oehlenschlager Adam |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE7829542U1 (en) * | 1979-11-22 | Viessmann, Hans, 3559 Battenberg | ||
| DE1950346U (en) * | 1966-10-12 | 1966-11-24 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | HOT WATER BOILER. |
-
1980
- 1980-07-30 FR FR8016840A patent/FR2487729A1/en active Granted
-
1981
- 1981-07-15 NL NL8103361A patent/NL8103361A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1981-07-27 ES ES504296A patent/ES8205648A1/en not_active Expired
- 1981-07-28 DE DE19813129692 patent/DE3129692A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1981-07-29 IT IT09490/81A patent/IT1167957B/en active
- 1981-07-30 BE BE0/205537A patent/BE889803A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2243800A1 (en) * | 1973-09-13 | 1975-04-11 | Oehlenschlager Adam |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BE889803A (en) | 1982-02-01 |
| ES504296A0 (en) | 1982-08-16 |
| DE3129692A1 (en) | 1982-03-18 |
| IT1167957B (en) | 1987-05-20 |
| IT8109490A0 (en) | 1981-07-29 |
| ES8205648A1 (en) | 1982-08-16 |
| FR2487729B1 (en) | 1983-11-04 |
| NL8103361A (en) | 1982-02-16 |
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