FR2478735A1 - - Google Patents

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Publication number
FR2478735A1
FR2478735A1 FR8100657A FR8100657A FR2478735A1 FR 2478735 A1 FR2478735 A1 FR 2478735A1 FR 8100657 A FR8100657 A FR 8100657A FR 8100657 A FR8100657 A FR 8100657A FR 2478735 A1 FR2478735 A1 FR 2478735A1
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FR
France
Prior art keywords
combustion
anteroom
cylinder
engine
volume
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
FR8100657A
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French (fr)
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FR2478735B1 (en
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Boeing North American Inc
Original Assignee
Rockwell International Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Rockwell International Corp filed Critical Rockwell International Corp
Publication of FR2478735A1 publication Critical patent/FR2478735A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of FR2478735B1 publication Critical patent/FR2478735B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B19/00—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers
    • F02B19/06—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with auxiliary piston in chamber for transferring ignited charge to cylinder space
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B19/00—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers
    • F02B19/14—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with compression ignition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D15/00—Varying compression ratio
    • F02D15/04—Varying compression ratio by alteration of volume of compression space without changing piston stroke
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B2275/00—Other engines, components or details, not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F02B2275/16—Indirect injection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)

Abstract

A combustion chamber with variable volume for a diesel engine is created together with a method for the operation of the engine. In this the volume of the combustion chamber is adjusted in response to the engine load in such a way that fuel-rich combustion in the combustion chamber is ensured. The products of combustion are mixed with air in the engine cylinder, thereby ensuring an air-rich combustion in the cylinder, which in turn leads to a reduction of the solid particles and of the carbon or nitrogen oxides in the engine exhaust gas.

Description

La présente invention concerne en général les moteurs à combustion interne et en particulier des antichambres de combustion à volume variable pour moteurs du type Diesel ou analogue. The present invention generally relates to internal combustion engines and in particular variable volume combustion anterooms for engines of the Diesel type or the like.

Ltépuisement progressif des réserves mondiales en pétrole rend de plus en plus intéressante 1sutilisation de moteurs du typeDiesel au lieu des autres moteurs à combustion interne. En revanche, la forte proportion de particules solides, dRoxydes de carbone et d'azote que contiennent les gaz d'échappement de ces moteurs Diesel présente de sérieux inconvénients en ce qui concerne la pollution de l'atmosphère. Mais aucune des tentatives effectuées jusqu'ici pour remédier à ce dernier inconvénient ne s'est montrée tout à fait satisfaisante et l'on recherche donc encore une solution à ce problème. The gradual depletion of world oil reserves is making the use of diesel-type engines more attractive than other internal combustion engines. On the other hand, the high proportion of solid particles, carbon and nitrogen oxides contained in the exhaust gases of these diesel engines presents serious drawbacks with regard to pollution of the atmosphere. However, none of the attempts made so far to remedy this latter drawback has proved entirely satisfactory and a solution to this problem is therefore still being sought.

La présente invention concerne un procédé et un moyen d'éviter les inconvénients précités en réduisant beaucoup les polluants que contiennent les gaz d'échappement des moteurs du type diesel. The present invention relates to a method and a means of avoiding the aforementioned drawbacks by greatly reducing the pollutants which the exhaust gases of diesel type engines contain.

La solution retenue en l'occurence consiste de préférence à faire varier, en fonction des variations de la puissance ou du travail demandé à un moteur Diesel,le volume de son antichambre de combustion, ce qui a pour effet de beaucoup améliorer le rendement de la combustion du mélange et par conséquent de réduire au minimum les polluants indésirables que contiennent les gaz d'échappement. The solution adopted in this case preferably consists in varying, as a function of variations in the power or the work required of a diesel engine, the volume of its combustion anteroom, which has the effect of greatly improving the efficiency of the combustion of the mixture and therefore minimize the unwanted pollutants contained in the exhaust gases.

La présente invention concerne donc en général le perfectionnement des moteurs du type Diesel, et en particulier un procédé et un moyen pour améliorer le rendement dans les moteurs de ce type et réduire ainsi les polluants indésirables que contiennent leurs gaz d'échappement. The present invention therefore generally relates to the improvement of engines of the diesel type, and in particular to a method and a means for improving the efficiency in engines of this type and thus reducing the undesirable pollutants which their exhaust gases contain.

Pour parvenir à ces résultats, 17invention consiste à faire varier, en fonction du travail ou de la puissance demandé au moteur en question le volume de son antichambre de combustion. To achieve these results, the invention consists in varying, depending on the work or the power required from the engine in question, the volume of its combustion anteroom.

Lginvention sera décrite plus en détail en regard du dessin annexé à titre d'exemple nullement limitatif et sur lequel la figure unique est une coupe verticale d'une partie d'un moteur diesel selon l'invention. The invention will be described in more detail with reference to the attached drawing by way of nonlimiting example and in which the single figure is a vertical section of part of a diesel engine according to the invention.

Cette figure représente l'un 6 des cylindres d'un moteur2 du type
Diesel, cylindre dans lequel va et vient un piston 4 dont la bielle 8 est reliée à un vilebrequin (non représenté j. La culasse de ce cylindre 6 forme une antichambre de combustion 10 qu'un conduit 12 fait communiquer avec le cylindre 6. Ce conduit 12 est orienté tangentiellement à la paroi de l'antichambre de combustion 10, et il débouche obliquement dans le cylindre 6. Un injecteur 14, qui fait saillie dans l'antichambre de combustion 10, y projette de façon prédéterminée du carburant provenant d'une source convenable (non représentée ). Une bougie d'allumage 16 fait aussi saillie dans l'antichambre de combustion 10 afin d'y enflammer de façon classique le carburant qu'elle contient.Une soupape 18 logée dans une lumière convenable 20 de la paroi du cylindre 6 permet d'y faire entrer de l'air pendant la course d'aspiration du piston 4 et d'en faire sortir les gaz par le piston au cours de sa course d'échappement.This figure represents one of the cylinders of an engine2 of the type
Diesel, cylinder in which a piston 4 moves back and forth, the connecting rod 8 is connected to a crankshaft (not shown j. The cylinder head of this cylinder 6 forms a combustion anteroom 10 which a conduit 12 makes communicate with the cylinder 6. This duct 12 is oriented tangentially to the wall of the combustion anteroom 10, and it opens obliquely into the cylinder 6. An injector 14, which projects into the combustion anteroom 10, projects therein predetermined fuel a suitable source (not shown). A spark plug 16 also projects into the combustion anteroom 10 in order to ignite therein in a conventional manner the fuel which it contains. A valve 18 housed in a suitable light 20 of the wall of the cylinder 6 allows air to enter there during the suction stroke of the piston 4 and the gases to escape from it by the piston during its exhaust stroke.

Un cylindre auxiliaire 22 forme la partie fixe de l'antichambre de combustion 10. Ce cylindre contient un piston auxiliaire 24 dont la face 26 constitue la paroi mobile de l'antichambre. Cette face 26 peut être concave, comme le montrent le pointillé 28, afin d'augmenter la turbulence de l'écoulement du gaz dans l'antichambre de combustion 10. La tige 30 de ce piston 24 sert à régler la position de ce dernier en fonction la charge du moteur, ce que détermine un régulateur convenable 32. An auxiliary cylinder 22 forms the fixed part of the combustion anteroom 10. This cylinder contains an auxiliary piston 24, the face 26 of which constitutes the movable wall of the anteroom. This face 26 can be concave, as shown by the dotted line 28, in order to increase the turbulence of the gas flow in the combustion anteroom 10. The rod 30 of this piston 24 is used to adjust the position of the latter in depending on the engine load, as determined by a suitable regulator 32.

Pendant la course d'aspiration du piston principal 4, la soupape 18 stouvre en permettant à l'air de pénétrer dans le cylindre 6, puis elle se ferme pendant la course de compression dudit piston 4 qui chasse cet air dans le conduit 12 de façon à le faire entrer dans l'antichambre 10 tangentiellement à sa paroi et par conséquent à le faire tourbillonner dans cette dernière. A l'instant convenable, l'injecteur 14 débite dans l'antichambre 10 une quantité prédéterminée de carburant qui se mélange à l'air provenant du cylindre 6. La bougie d'allumage 16 enflamme alors ce mélange. During the suction stroke of the main piston 4, the valve 18 opens allowing air to enter the cylinder 6, then it closes during the compression stroke of said piston 4 which expels this air in the conduit 12 so to make it enter the anteroom 10 tangentially to its wall and therefore to make it swirl in the latter. At the appropriate time, the injector 14 delivers into the anteroom 10 a predetermined quantity of fuel which mixes with the air coming from the cylinder 6. The spark plug 16 then ignites this mixture.

Le régulateur 32 positionne le piston 24 par l"intermédiaire de sa tige 30, de façon à régler le volume de l'antichambre de combustion 10 en fonction de la charge du moteur 2 et de façon à assurer la combustion d'un mélange riche en carburant.The regulator 32 positions the piston 24 by means of its rod 30, so as to adjust the volume of the combustion anteroom 10 as a function of the load of the engine 2 and so as to ensure the combustion of a mixture rich in fuel.

Cette combustion d'un mélange riche en carburant a pour effet de réduire la température de la flamme et donc d'augmenter la longévité des éléments de l'antichambre de combustion 10. Simultanément, elle provoque la détente du mélange air-carburant qui passe par le conduit 12 dans le cylindre principal 6 et chasse vers le bas le piston 4 qui exécute ainsi la course de travail. Simultanément, le mélange enflammé qui sort de ltantichambre de combustion 10 se mêle à l'air supplémentaire que contient le cylindre 6 pour assurer la combustion d'un mélange riche en air qui réduit la quantité produite de particules solides et d'oxydes de carbone ou d'azote. Le conduit 12 qui débouche obliquement dans le cylindre 6, a pour effet d'améliorer cette combustion secondaire, en faisant tourbillonner le mélange air-carburant enflammé délivré par l'antichambre 10 et en favorisant le brassage avec l'air supplémentaire que contient le cylindre 6. This combustion of a fuel-rich mixture has the effect of reducing the temperature of the flame and therefore of increasing the longevity of the elements of the combustion anteroom 10. Simultaneously, it causes the relaxation of the air-fuel mixture which passes through the conduit 12 in the main cylinder 6 and drives down the piston 4 which thus executes the working stroke. Simultaneously, the ignited mixture which leaves the combustion chamber 10 mixes with the additional air contained in the cylinder 6 to ensure the combustion of an air-rich mixture which reduces the quantity produced of solid particles and carbon oxides or nitrogen. The duct 12 which opens obliquely into the cylinder 6 has the effect of improving this secondary combustion, by swirling the ignited air-fuel mixture delivered by the anteroom 10 and by promoting mixing with the additional air contained in the cylinder 6.

I1 va-de soi que de nombreuses modifications peuvent être apportées au moteur et au procédé décrits et représentés sans sortir du cadre de l'invention.  It goes without saying that numerous modifications can be made to the engine and to the process described and shown without departing from the scope of the invention.

Claims (7)

REVENDICATIONS '.Moteur Diesel, caractérisé en ce quril comporte un cylindre (6), dans lequel va et vient un piston (4), communiquant avec une antichambre de combustion (10) dont un mécanisme permet de faire varier le volume en fonction des variations de la charge du moteur. '.Diesel engine, characterized in that it comprises a cylinder (6), in which comes and goes a piston (4), communicating with a combustion anteroom (10), a mechanism of which makes it possible to vary the volume according to variations in the engine load. 2. Moteur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'un cylindre auxiliaire (22) délimite partiellement l'antichambre de combustion (10) dans laquelle ledit mécanisme déplace un piston auxiliaire (24) de façon à déterminer son volume. 2. Engine according to claim 1, characterized in that an auxiliary cylinder (22) partially delimits the combustion anteroom (10) in which said mechanism moves an auxiliary piston (24) so as to determine its volume. 3. Moteur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'antichambre de combustion (10) communique avec le cylindre principal (6) par un conduit (12) qui débouche dans la chambre (10) tangentiellement à sa paroi et obliquement dans le cylindre (6). 3. Engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the combustion anteroom (10) communicates with the main cylinder (6) by a conduit (12) which opens into the chamber (10) tangentially to its wall and obliquely in the cylinder (6). 4. Moteur selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que la face (28) du piston auxiliaire (24) est concave. 4. Engine according to claim 2, characterized in that the face (28) of the auxiliary piston (24) is concave. 5. Moteur selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que ledit mécanisme comprend un régulateur (32) qui, sensible aux variations de la charge du moteur, lui fait régler en conséquence la position du piston auxiliaire (24). 5. Engine according to claim 2, characterized in that said mechanism comprises a regulator (32) which, sensitive to variations in the engine load, causes it to adjust the position of the auxiliary piston (24) accordingly. 6. Moteur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que ledit mécanisme détermine le volume de l'antichambre de combustion (10) de façon à y assurer la combustion d'un mélange riche en carburant. 6. Engine according to claim 1, characterized in that said mechanism determines the volume of the combustion anteroom (10) so as to ensure the combustion of a fuel-rich mixture therein. 7. Procédé pour améliorer le fonctionnement d'un moteur Diesel dont chaque cylindre (6) communique avec une antichambre de combustion (10), procédé caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à faire varier, en fonction de la charge du moteur, le volume de cette antichambre (10) afin d'y assurer la combustion d'un mélange riche en carburant, puis à faire se détendre le produit de cette combustion dans le cylindre proncipal (6) où il se mélange à l'air que contient ce dernier de façon à y assurer la combustion d'un mélange riche en air.  7. Method for improving the operation of a diesel engine each cylinder (6) of which communicates with a combustion anteroom (10), method characterized in that it consists in varying, depending on the engine load, the volume of this anteroom (10) in order to ensure the combustion of a fuel-rich mixture therein, and then to cause the product of this combustion to relax in the main cylinder (6) where it mixes with the air which the latter contains so as to ensure the combustion of a mixture rich in air.
FR8100657A 1980-03-21 1981-01-15 Expired FR2478735B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US13257980A 1980-03-21 1980-03-21

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
FR2478735A1 true FR2478735A1 (en) 1981-09-25
FR2478735B1 FR2478735B1 (en) 1987-01-02

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FR8100657A Expired FR2478735B1 (en) 1980-03-21 1981-01-15

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JP (1) JPS56146012A (en)
DE (1) DE3110764A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2478735B1 (en)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2539457A1 (en) * 1983-01-13 1984-07-20 Martin Leopold Distinctly supercharged high-speed diesel engine with a device limiting the maximum combustion pressure
WO2001066920A1 (en) * 2000-03-09 2001-09-13 Michael Patrick Dixon Homogeneous or premixed charge auto-ignition engine
EP1337747A1 (en) * 2000-11-29 2003-08-27 Kenneth W. Cowans High efficiency engine with variable compression ratio and charge (vcrc engine)

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR788442A (en) * 1935-03-02 1935-10-10 Fuel injection engines with a variable volume chamber preceding the engine cylinder
DE661643C (en) * 1936-06-12 1938-06-23 Anton Schlueter Fa Air-compressing injection internal combustion engine with self-ignition
DE2401509B2 (en) * 1974-01-12 1977-10-13 Zusatz in: 24 41 087 Schmidt, Martin, 7151 Sulzbach COMBUSTION MACHINE WITH MAIN CHAMBER AND ANTERIOR CHAMBER
DE2829774A1 (en) * 1977-07-11 1979-01-18 Citroen Sa COMBUSTION ENGINE WITH CHANGEABLE COMPRESSION RATIO
DE2843343A1 (en) * 1977-12-20 1979-06-28 Nissan Motor SWIRL CHAMBER DIESEL ENGINE

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR788442A (en) * 1935-03-02 1935-10-10 Fuel injection engines with a variable volume chamber preceding the engine cylinder
DE661643C (en) * 1936-06-12 1938-06-23 Anton Schlueter Fa Air-compressing injection internal combustion engine with self-ignition
DE2401509B2 (en) * 1974-01-12 1977-10-13 Zusatz in: 24 41 087 Schmidt, Martin, 7151 Sulzbach COMBUSTION MACHINE WITH MAIN CHAMBER AND ANTERIOR CHAMBER
DE2829774A1 (en) * 1977-07-11 1979-01-18 Citroen Sa COMBUSTION ENGINE WITH CHANGEABLE COMPRESSION RATIO
DE2843343A1 (en) * 1977-12-20 1979-06-28 Nissan Motor SWIRL CHAMBER DIESEL ENGINE

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2539457A1 (en) * 1983-01-13 1984-07-20 Martin Leopold Distinctly supercharged high-speed diesel engine with a device limiting the maximum combustion pressure
WO2001066920A1 (en) * 2000-03-09 2001-09-13 Michael Patrick Dixon Homogeneous or premixed charge auto-ignition engine
US6941907B2 (en) 2000-03-09 2005-09-13 Michael Patrick Dixon Homogneous or premixed charge auto-ignition engine
EP1337747A1 (en) * 2000-11-29 2003-08-27 Kenneth W. Cowans High efficiency engine with variable compression ratio and charge (vcrc engine)
EP1337747A4 (en) * 2000-11-29 2004-08-18 Kenneth W Cowans High efficiency engine with variable compression ratio and charge (vcrc engine)

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS56146012A (en) 1981-11-13
DE3110764A1 (en) 1982-01-07
FR2478735B1 (en) 1987-01-02

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