FR2468108A1 - Capacitative gauge for measuring liquid level - uses two probes forming capacitor to which charging and discharging waveform applied - Google Patents

Capacitative gauge for measuring liquid level - uses two probes forming capacitor to which charging and discharging waveform applied Download PDF

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Publication number
FR2468108A1
FR2468108A1 FR7926577A FR7926577A FR2468108A1 FR 2468108 A1 FR2468108 A1 FR 2468108A1 FR 7926577 A FR7926577 A FR 7926577A FR 7926577 A FR7926577 A FR 7926577A FR 2468108 A1 FR2468108 A1 FR 2468108A1
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Prior art keywords
capacitor
probe
charging
gauge
capacitative
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French (fr)
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01FMEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F23/00Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
    • G01F23/22Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water
    • G01F23/26Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring variations of capacity or inductance of capacitors or inductors arising from the presence of liquid or fluent solid material in the electric or electromagnetic fields
    • G01F23/263Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring variations of capacity or inductance of capacitors or inductors arising from the presence of liquid or fluent solid material in the electric or electromagnetic fields by measuring variations in capacitance of capacitors

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Levels Of Liquids Or Fluent Solid Materials (AREA)

Abstract

The level of the liquid to be measured changes the capacitance value of the measuring probe by modification of the dielectric value. An oscillator circuit comprises two NAND gates coupled via a high temp. stability capacitor. This generates square waves which are differentiated by a capacitor followed by a NOR gate to obtain short pulses. these pulses are applied, via a diode, to the capacitive probe to discharge the capacitor, which recharges via a resistor connected to the supply rail (Vcc). The probe signal is connected to a NOR gate to produce a cyclically variable rectangular waveform at its output. This is applied to a galvanometer with an integrating capacitor and provides a linear scale.

Description

La présente invention concerne la mesure du niveau d'un liquide quelconque au moyen d'une jauge pourvue d'une sonde conçue de telle sorte qu'elle soit un condensateur électrique dont on mesure la capacité. The present invention relates to measuring the level of any liquid by means of a gauge provided with a probe designed so that it is an electric capacitor whose capacity is measured.

Dans les dispositifs connus de ce genre, la sonde est constituée par deux conducteurs électriques isolés, par exemple deux fils ou deux plaques mAtal- liques, disposes ainsi qu'ils constituent un condensateur électrique dont on mesure la variation de capacité par modification de son dielectrique. Le premier dielectrique étant par exemple l'air et le second dielectrique le liquide dans lequel est plongée la sonde-condensateur et dont on cherche à mesurer le niveau. Le niveau suivant lequel la sonde-condensateur plonge dans le liquide modifie le rapport réciproque des deux diélectriques et donc modifie la capacité de la sonde-condensateur. In known devices of this kind, the probe consists of two insulated electrical conductors, for example two wires or two metallic plates, arranged so that they constitute an electrical capacitor, the variation in capacitance of which is measured by modification of its dielectric . The first dielectric being for example air and the second dielectric the liquid in which the probe-condenser is immersed and whose level is sought to be measured. The level at which the probe-capacitor plunges into the liquid changes the reciprocal ratio of the two dielectrics and therefore changes the capacity of the probe-capacitor.

Dans l'état actuel de la technique, la mesure de la variation de la capacite de la sonde-condensateur se fait par exemple par variation de la frequence d'un circuit oscillant dont la sonde-condensateur est un élément ; il en résulte une variation logarithmique de la mesure et, en outre, il est difficile de stabiliser l'ensemble en température. In the current state of the art, the measurement of the variation of the capacitance of the probe-capacitor is done for example by variation of the frequency of an oscillating circuit of which the probe-capacitor is an element; this results in a logarithmic variation of the measurement and, moreover, it is difficult to stabilize the assembly in temperature.

Le dispositif suivant l'invention permet d'éviter ces inconvénients à savoir : mesure parfaitement linéaire de la variation de la capacité de la sondecondensateur et tenue en température. The device according to the invention makes it possible to avoid these drawbacks, namely: perfectly linear measurement of the variation in the capacitance of the capacitor probe and temperature resistance.

Le dispositif selon l'invention est basé sur le principe de la mesure du temps de charge ou de décharge T de la sonde-condensateur de capacité C à travers une résistance R ; ce temps de charge ou de décharge étant directement proportionnel à la valeur de sa capacité soit T = RC. The device according to the invention is based on the principle of measuring the charging or discharging time T of the capacitor probe of capacitance C through a resistor R; this charging or discharging time being directly proportional to the value of its capacity, ie T = RC.

Des signaux rectangulaires provenant d'un oscillateur subissent une mise en forme de façon à obtenir des impulsions de brève duree qui, appliquées sur une diode, viennent charger ou décharger la capacité de la sonde-condensateur. Rectangular signals coming from an oscillator undergo a shaping in order to obtain pulses of short duration which, applied on a diode, come to charge or discharge the capacity of the probe-condenser.

La charge ou la charge de la capacité de la sonde-condensateur s'effectue au moyen d'une résistance ; ce signal, appliqué à un élément amplificateur de resistance d'entrée très élevée, est transformé en signaux de rapport cyclique variable. The charging or charging of the capacitor probe capacitor is effected by means of a resistor; this signal, applied to an amplifier element with very high input resistance, is transformed into signals of variable duty cycle.

Selon un mode de réalisation préféré, le circuit oscillant représenté par la figure 1 est constitué de deux opérateurs inverseurs, par exemple deux portes de la série 4000 ou tout autre operateur MOS, d'une résistance et d'un condensateur genre Stiroflex très stable en température. Ce circuit oscillant émet un signal carré A representé par la figure 1. Ce signal carré A subit une mise en forme par un circuit differentiateur suivi d'un inverseur, par exemple porte NOR, représenté par la figure 2, on obtient le signal B puis le signal C de brève durée. According to a preferred embodiment, the oscillating circuit represented by FIG. 1 consists of two reversing operators, for example two doors of the 4000 series or any other MOS operator, a resistor and a Stiroflex-type capacitor very stable in temperature. This oscillating circuit emits a square signal A represented by figure 1. This square signal A undergoes a shaping by a differentiator circuit followed by an inverter, for example NOR gate, represented by figure 2, one obtains the signal B then signal C of short duration.

Ce signal C, appliqué par l'intermédiaire d'une diode sur la sonde condensateur 1 représentée sur la figure 3, décharge périodiquement sa capacité que l'on cherche à mesurer. Apres décharge, la sonde-condensateur 1 se recharge à travers une resistance 2 ; le temps de charge est proportionnel à sa capacité. This signal C, applied by means of a diode to the capacitor probe 1 represented in FIG. 3, periodically discharges its capacity which one seeks to measure. After discharge, the probe-capacitor 1 is recharged through a resistor 2; the charging time is proportional to its capacity.

Ce signal D est applique a une porte NOR 4 de la série MOS à résistance d'entrée tres élevée. On obtient en sortie un signal rectangulaire E de rapport cyclique variable, qui sera fonction du temps de charge de la sonde-condensateur et donc de sa capacité. Une résistance variable 3 en série dans l'entrée de la porte NOR 4, associée à la capacité d'entrée de la porte 4, forme un circuit integrateur qui permet de tenir compte de la capacite résiduelle de la sonde-condensateur et permet d'obtenir le zero. Une résistance ajustable 5, suivie d'un condensateur 6 et d'un galvanomètre 7, permet par intégration d'obtenir une lecture directe et continue. La résistance 5 permet de faire le tarage maximum. La tension d'alimentation de l'ensemble doit être parfaitement stabilisée pour obtenir une mesure fiable.La figure 4 représente l'ensemble du dispositif selon le mode de réalisation préféré.This signal D is applied to a NOR 4 gate of the MOS series with very high input resistance. A rectangular signal E with variable duty cycle is obtained at the output, which will be a function of the charging time of the probe-capacitor and therefore of its capacity. A variable resistor 3 in series in the input of the NOR gate 4, associated with the input capacity of the gate 4, forms an integrator circuit which makes it possible to take account of the residual capacity of the probe-capacitor and makes it possible to get zero. An adjustable resistor 5, followed by a capacitor 6 and a galvanometer 7, allows by integration to obtain a direct and continuous reading. Resistor 5 allows maximum taring. The supply voltage of the assembly must be perfectly stabilized to obtain a reliable measurement. FIG. 4 represents the entire device according to the preferred embodiment.

Le dispositif, objet de la présente invention, s'applique a la mesure li neaire de niveau de tous liquides. Les intensités electriques nécessaires a son fonctionnement sont très faibles ; la jauge peut donc etre utilisée dans des ambiances explosives d'autant que la sonde-condensateur est obligatoirement isolee électriquement du liquide ; cette possibilité s'applique notamment à la mesure des niveaux des gaz liquéfies. The device, object of the present invention, applies to the linear measurement of the level of all liquids. The electrical currents necessary for its operation are very low; the gauge can therefore be used in explosive atmospheres as far as the probe-capacitor is necessarily electrically isolated from the liquid; this possibility applies in particular to the measurement of liquefied gas levels.

La sonde peut également mesurer le niveau de certains produits granuleux ou pulvérulents ainsi que leurs degrés hygrométriques. The probe can also measure the level of certain granular or powdery products as well as their hygrometric degrees.

Enfin, la nature du signal de mesure obtenu, à savoir un créneau à rapport cyclique variable, rend particulièrement aisee sa transmission à distance. Finally, the nature of the measurement signal obtained, namely a slot with variable duty cycle, makes its remote transmission particularly easy.

Cette forme préférée de realisation de l'invention qui vient d'etre décrite n'ayant été citée qu'à titre d'exemple non limitatif, l'homme de l'art pourra apporter à celle-ci toutes modifications de forme ou de détail ou en remplacer tout ou partie des éléments constitutifs par des équivalents sans pour autant sortir du cadre de l'invention.  This preferred embodiment of the invention which has just been described having been cited only by way of nonlimiting example, a person skilled in the art may make any modification of form or detail thereto. or replace all or part of its constituent parts with equivalents without departing from the scope of the invention.

Claims (2)

REVENDICATIONS 10 - Jauge electronique permettant de mesurer le niveau d'un liquide quelconque basee sur le principe de la mesure de la variation de la capacité d'une sondecondensateur, caractérisée en ce que la mesure est basee sur le temps de charge ou de décharge du condensateur-sonde.10 - Electronic gauge making it possible to measure the level of any liquid based on the principle of measuring the variation in the capacity of a probe-capacitor, characterized in that the measurement is based on the charging or discharging time of the capacitor -probe. 20 - Dispositif selon la revendication 1 caractérisée par le fait que la mesure du temps de charge ou de décharge de la sonde-condensateur s'effectue a l'aide d'un dispositif électronique comportant au moins un élément à résistance d'entrée très élevée. 20 - Device according to claim 1 characterized in that the measurement of the charge or discharge time of the probe-capacitor is carried out using an electronic device comprising at least one element with very high input resistance .
FR7926577A 1979-10-19 1979-10-19 Capacitative gauge for measuring liquid level - uses two probes forming capacitor to which charging and discharging waveform applied Withdrawn FR2468108A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7926577A FR2468108A1 (en) 1979-10-19 1979-10-19 Capacitative gauge for measuring liquid level - uses two probes forming capacitor to which charging and discharging waveform applied

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7926577A FR2468108A1 (en) 1979-10-19 1979-10-19 Capacitative gauge for measuring liquid level - uses two probes forming capacitor to which charging and discharging waveform applied

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FR2468108A1 true FR2468108A1 (en) 1981-04-30

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3119267A (en) * 1961-01-16 1964-01-28 Gen Controls Co Capacitance measuring apparatus
FR2218568A1 (en) * 1973-02-16 1974-09-13 Jensen Owen F Jr
NL7503179A (en) * 1975-03-18 1976-09-21 Univ Erasmus Electronic measurement of fluid quantity in vessel - capacitor formed by electrodes and fluid originates signal sequence

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3119267A (en) * 1961-01-16 1964-01-28 Gen Controls Co Capacitance measuring apparatus
FR2218568A1 (en) * 1973-02-16 1974-09-13 Jensen Owen F Jr
NL7503179A (en) * 1975-03-18 1976-09-21 Univ Erasmus Electronic measurement of fluid quantity in vessel - capacitor formed by electrodes and fluid originates signal sequence

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