FR2464996A1 - Improving efficiency of e.g. activated sludge treatment - comprises using terra cotta particles as support for micro organisms - Google Patents

Improving efficiency of e.g. activated sludge treatment - comprises using terra cotta particles as support for micro organisms Download PDF

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Publication number
FR2464996A1
FR2464996A1 FR7922271A FR7922271A FR2464996A1 FR 2464996 A1 FR2464996 A1 FR 2464996A1 FR 7922271 A FR7922271 A FR 7922271A FR 7922271 A FR7922271 A FR 7922271A FR 2464996 A1 FR2464996 A1 FR 2464996A1
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Prior art keywords
particles
activated sludge
support
microns
terra
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FR7922271A
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FR2464996B1 (en
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Gilles Geirnaert
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Argiles et Mineraux
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Argiles et Mineraux
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
    • C02F3/08—Aerobic processes using moving contact bodies
    • C02F3/085—Fluidized beds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
    • C02F3/10—Packings; Fillings; Grids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/28—Anaerobic digestion processes
    • C02F3/2806—Anaerobic processes using solid supports for microorganisms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12C—BEER; PREPARATION OF BEER BY FERMENTATION; PREPARATION OF MALT FOR MAKING BEER; PREPARATION OF HOPS FOR MAKING BEER
    • C12C11/00—Fermentation processes for beer
    • C12C11/09—Fermentation with immobilised yeast
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12G—WINE; PREPARATION THEREOF; ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; PREPARATION OF ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES C12C OR C12H
    • C12G1/00—Preparation of wine or sparkling wine
    • C12G1/02—Preparation of must from grapes; Must treatment and fermentation
    • C12G1/0203—Preparation of must from grapes; Must treatment and fermentation by microbiological or enzymatic treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
    • C12N1/38—Chemical stimulation of growth or activity by addition of chemical compounds which are not essential growth factors; Stimulation of growth by removal of a chemical compound
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N11/00—Carrier-bound or immobilised enzymes; Carrier-bound or immobilised microbial cells; Preparation thereof
    • C12N11/14—Enzymes or microbial cells immobilised on or in an inorganic carrier
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage

Abstract

A method of enhancing the efficiency of biological processes, esp. a process in which activated sludge is employed for the purificn. of waste water. The process comprises fixing active micro-organisms on a porous support which is contacted with a fluid to be treated. Particles of terra-cotta are used as the support, the particles having an ave. dia. of 20-200 microns, pref. 40-80 microns. The proportion of particles introduced into the medium to be processed is between 2 and 50 kg per cubic metre, pref. between 5 and 20 kg. per cubic metre. The type of terra cotta material is pref. (a) kaolin porcelain with undoped surface. (b) terra cotta with its surface doped with strongly electro-positive chemicals. or (c) a mixt. of terra cotta and activated carbon particles. Used for biological treatment of liq. esp. purificn. of waste water with activated sludge. Also clarification of beer wine and pharmaceutical prods. Increases the treatment capacity of biological processes.

Description

La présente invention a trait au domaine des traitements biologiques dans le processus desquels un milieu est mis en contact avec des bactéries bu microorganismes en vue d'assurer diverses transformations de ce milieu. Elle concerne tout particulièrement un procédé permettant d'augmenter le rendement des processus biologiques, par la fixation sur un support de microorganismes non immobilisés. The present invention relates to the field of biological treatments in the process of which a medium is brought into contact with bacteria or microorganisms in order to ensure various transformations of this medium. It relates more particularly to a process making it possible to increase the yield of biological processes, by fixing on a support of non-immobilized microorganisms.

On sait que l'utilisation de divers supports, par exemple des oxydes ou mélange d'oxydes métalliques généralement poreux, permet de favoriser l'accrochage et le développement de microorganismes dans les processus biologiques. C'est le cas notamment des transformations biologiques par systèmes enzymatiques, de préférence sur des supports immobilisés, ou encore de tous autres procédés faisant intervenir des bactéries, levures ou autres microorganismes dans un milieu mobile en vue d'épuration et/ou clarification, comme par exemple dans les industries de la bière, du vin, des produits pharmaceutiques...etc. It is known that the use of various supports, for example oxides or a mixture of generally porous metal oxides, makes it possible to promote the attachment and the development of microorganisms in biological processes. This is the case in particular of biological transformations by enzymatic systems, preferably on immobilized supports, or also of all other processes involving bacteria, yeasts or other microorganisms in a mobile medium for the purpose of purification and / or clarification, such as for example in the beer, wine, pharmaceutical, etc. industries.

Parmi ces applications, l'une d'elles est particulièrement importante et concerne le traitement des eaux et tout spécialement l'epu- ration biologique des eaux par le procédé dit des boues activées où l'on provoque et maintient au sein d'un courant d'eau usée une masse homogène de flocons de matières mucilagineuses ou biomasse dans lesquelles vivent des microorganismes, des bactéries aérobies ou anaérobies, des protozoaires..., qui dégradent les matières organiques contenues dans les eaux usees et les transforment en les assimilant à la biomasse qui est apte à décanter quand elle se trouve dans un courant à vitesse faible. Among these applications, one of them is particularly important and relates to the treatment of water and especially the biological purification of water by the process known as activated sludge where one causes and maintains within a current waste water a homogeneous mass of flakes of mucilaginous matter or biomass in which live microorganisms, aerobic or anaerobic bacteria, protozoa ..., which degrade the organic matter contained in waste water and transform it by assimilating it to the biomass which is capable of decanting when it is in a current at low speed.

Il a maintenant été trouvé que lorsqu'on introduit dans une biomasse libre, comme par exemple un bassin d'activation de traitement aérobie ou un digesteur anaérobie pour les eaux usées, certains supports sous forme de poudre très fine, on obtient, entre autres avantages, une amélioration spectaculaire de l'efficacite des microorganismes et donc des installations de traitement. It has now been found that when a free biomass, such as an aerobic treatment activation basin or an anaerobic digester for wastewater, is introduced, certain supports in the form of very fine powder, one obtains, among other advantages , a dramatic improvement in the efficiency of microorganisms and therefore in treatment facilities.

Selon le procédé de l'invention, on introduit dans la biomasse non fixée une argile cuite (communément désignée " chamotte ") sous forme de particules impalpables de diamètre moyen compris entre 20 et 200 microns et, plus avantageusement encore, dans la fourchette de 40 à 80 microns. According to the process of the invention, a baked clay (commonly called "chamotte") is introduced into the non-fixed biomass in the form of impalpable particles with an average diameter of between 20 and 200 microns and, more advantageously still, in the range of 40 at 80 microns.

Les quantités d'argile cuita à introduire sont fonction des paramètres caracteristiques du milieu comme par exemple, dans le cas des eaux usees, le type de pollution et la quantité de boues activées.  The quantities of cooked clay to be introduced depend on the characteristic parameters of the environment, for example, in the case of used water, the type of pollution and the quantity of activated sludge.

Généralement, ces quantités sont de l'ordre de 2 à 50 kg/m3 d'appareillage et se trouvent le plus avantageusement comprises entre 5 et 20 kg/ 3 m. Generally, these quantities are of the order of 2 to 50 kg / m 3 of apparatus and are most advantageously between 5 and 20 kg / 3 m.

La chamotte ou argile cuite est un matériau très ancien (rentrant dans la catégorie plus générale des céramiques) obtenu par calcination de diverses argiles et traditionnellement utilisé pour ses proprié#tés réfractaires. Depuis quelques années cependant, de nouvelles voies d'utilisation ont été ouvertes grâce à la mise au point de granulats d'argiles cuites aptes à servir de supports en milieu chimique ou biologique. C'est ainsi que l'on a préconisé l'emploi d'argiles cuites, simples ou dopées par divers éléments métalliques ou encore de matériaux mixtes charbon-actif-chamotte, comme supports bactériens pour le traitement biologique des eaux (voir par exemple les brevets ou demandes de brevets français n076.03573, 78.22779, 79.15632 et 79.18554).  Chamotte or baked clay is a very old material (falling into the more general category of ceramics) obtained by calcination of various clays and traditionally used for its refractory properties. In recent years, however, new routes of use have been opened thanks to the development of cooked clay aggregates capable of serving as supports in chemical or biological medium. This is why we recommended the use of cooked clays, simple or doped with various metallic elements or mixed materials carbon-active-chamotte, as bacterial supports for the biological treatment of water (see for example the French patents or patent applications n076.03573, 78.22779, 79.15632 and 79.18554).

Lorsqu'on utilise dans le cadre de l'invention une argile dopée, cette dernière peut être obtenue selon l'un quelconque des procédés connus. Par exemple, on peut ajouter le ou les éléments métalliques - tels que ceux énumérés dans les brevets précités - à une argile naturelle du type : illitique, kaolinique, halloysitique, montmorillonitique ou des mélanges de ces produits. L'addition peut se faire soit en milieu humide soit par voie sèche, la chamotte récupérée après cuisson vers 1200- 13000C étant ensuite broyée et tamisée aux fines granulométries mentionnées ci-dessus. When a doped clay is used in the context of the invention, the latter can be obtained according to any of the known methods. For example, one can add the metallic element (s) - such as those listed in the aforementioned patents - to a natural clay of the type: illitic, kaolinic, halloysitic, montmorillonitic or mixtures of these products. The addition can be carried out either in a humid environment or by the dry route, the chamotte recovered after cooking around 1200-13000C then being ground and sieved to the fine particle sizes mentioned above.

L'utilisation d'une poudre fine de chamotte dans une biomasse procure de nombreux avantages parmi lesquels il faut citer, par exemple le cas du traitement des eaux : une forte augmentation de la concentration en microorganismes dans l'aérateur ou le digesteur, donc un accroissement de l'efficacité d'épuration ; une décantation plus facile du fait que les particules de chamotte sont englobées de gros flocs, ce qui rend plus aisée la séparation dans les clarificateurs ; un sèchage nettement amélioré, ce qui favorise le conditionnement ultérieur de boues. The use of a fine chamotte powder in a biomass provides many advantages, among which we must cite, for example the case of water treatment: a sharp increase in the concentration of microorganisms in the aerator or the digester, therefore a increased purification efficiency; easier decantation because the chamotte particles are surrounded by large flocs, which makes separation in the clarifiers easier; markedly improved drying, which favors the subsequent conditioning of sludge.

Dans le but d'illustrer l'intérêt et l'efficacité du procédé de l'invention, on décrira brièvement ci-dessous les résultats d'essais comparatifs effectués dans le domaine du traitement biologique des eaux. In order to illustrate the interest and the effectiveness of the process of the invention, the results of comparative tests carried out in the field of biological water treatment will be briefly described below.

Exemple
On a étudié l'influence de l'ajout de fines particules de chamotte sur le rendement d'épuration en fonction de la charge volumique introduite, dans un système comprenant deux ensembles classiques d'étude des boues activées et comprenant notamment un bac d'aération et un décanteur secondaire avec recyclage des boues dans le bac. Example
The influence of the addition of fine chamotte particles on the purification yield as a function of the volume charge introduced has been studied in a system comprising two conventional sets for studying activated sludge and in particular comprising an aeration tank. and a secondary decanter with recycling of sludge in the tank.

Préalablement aux essais, on a ensemencé les deux ensembles
ou circuits en faisant circuler pendant 2 jours en circuit fermé un mé
lange d'eau potable et de boues activées. Ensuite, on a introduit petit
à petit du substrat synthétique équilibré en azote et phosphore tout en
eliminant progressivement les boues en excès.Before testing, we seeded the two sets
or circuits by circulating for 2 days in a closed circuit
lange of drinking water and activated sludge. Then we introduced small
gradually synthetic substrate balanced in nitrogen and phosphorus while
gradually removing excess sludge.

Après une semaine, le système étant stabilisé, on a procédé
à l'introduction dans l'un des deux circuits d'une chamotte de type BIO
GROG L (marque déposée), de dimensions, moyennes de particules : 50 à 80
microns, à raison de 5 grammes par litre de liquide à traiter.After a week, the system being stabilized, we proceeded
the introduction into one of the two circuits of a BIO type chamotte
GROG L (registered trademark), size, average particle size: 50 to 80
microns, at a rate of 5 grams per liter of liquid to be treated.

Après deux jours, on a effectué les mesures de pollution à l'entrée et
à la sortie des deux circuits.After two days, the pollution measurements were made at the entrance and
at the exit of the two circuits.

Les résultats obtenus sont reproduits sur la courbe de la fi
gure 1 annexée où l'abscisse indique la charge volumique en kg par jour 3
et par m alors que l'ordonnée correspond au rendement d'épuration en Z. The results obtained are reproduced on the curve of the fi
gure 1 appended where the abscissa indicates the volume load in kg per day 3
and by m while the ordinate corresponds to the purification efficiency in Z.

La courbe (A) correspond aux essais effectués en présence de chamotte
selon l'invention alors que la courbe (B) fait référence à l'essai témoin.Curve (A) corresponds to the tests carried out in the presence of chamotte
according to the invention while the curve (B) refers to the control test.

Comme on peut le voir, les rendements d'épuration sont notable
ment améliorés en présence de fines particules d'argile cuite et augmen
tent de plus en plus en fonction de l'accroissement de la charge volu
mique.As we can see, the purification yields are remarkable
improved in the presence of fine particles of baked clay and increased
try more and more according to the increase in the charge
mique.

La chamotte utilisée était du type kaolihique, non dopée et à
forte porosité (40 Z) de composition suivante
Al203 .. 54,3
SiO2 4193 Fe203 000 1,9
Ti02 ........ 1,4
alcalin 0,7
alcalino-terreux 0,1
Des essais effectués avec d'autres types de chamottes dopées ou non, ont donné des résultats sensiblement équivalents dans l-'accroissement du rendement d'épuration par comparaison avec des systèmes classiques de traitement d'eaux par boues activées.The chamotte used was of the kaolihique type, undoped and with
high porosity (40 Z) of the following composition
Al203 .. 54.3
SiO2 4193 Fe203 000 1.9
Ti02 ........ 1.4
alkaline 0.7
alkaline earth 0.1
Tests carried out with other types of chamottes, doped or not, have given substantially equivalent results in increasing the purification efficiency by comparison with conventional systems for treating water by activated sludge.

Par ailleurs, bien que décrit ci-dessus pour l'épuration d'eaux, le même processus est utilisable dans d'autres procédés biologiques où les microorganismes tels que bactéries ou levures sont mis en oeuvre sans immobilisation dans un milieu liquide, comme par exemple dans les industries des boissons : bières, vins.. et dans les industries phar maceutiques.  Furthermore, although described above for the purification of water, the same process can be used in other biological processes where microorganisms such as bacteria or yeasts are used without immobilization in a liquid medium, such as for example in the beverage industries: beers, wines .. and in the pharmaceutical industries.

Claims (5)

REVENDICATIONS 1. Procédé pouratginenter le rendement des processus biologiques par fixation sur un support de microorganismes non immobilisés dans le-dit processus biologique, caractérisé en ce que l'on utilise comme support une-argile cuite (ou chamotte) sous forme de particules de diamètre moyen compris entre 20 et 200 microns. 1. Process for increasing the yield of biological processes by fixing on a support of microorganisms not immobilized in the said biological process, characterized in that a baked clay (or chamotte) is used as support in the form of particles of average diameter between 20 and 200 microns. 2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé entre le diamètre des particules est compris entre 40 et 80 microns. 2. Method according to claim 1, characterized between the diameter of the particles is between 40 and 80 microns. 3. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que les quantités de chamotte introduites dans le milieu sont comprises entre 2 et 50 kg/m3 et de préférence 5 et 20 kg/m3. 3. Method according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the quantities of chamotte introduced into the medium are between 2 and 50 kg / m3 and preferably 5 and 20 kg / m3. 4. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que la chamotte est choisie dans le groupe des chamottes kaoliniques classiques non dopées ou dans celui des argiles cuites à surface fortement electropositive telles que des chamottes dopées par des éléments chimiques très électropositifs ou encore dans celui des ma tériaux mixtes :chamottes-charbon actif. 4. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the chamotte is chosen from the group of conventional non-doped kaolinic chamottes or from that of cooked clays with a highly electropositive surface such as chamottes doped with chemical elements very electropositive or in that of mixed materials: chamottes-activated carbon. 5. Application du procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4 à l'épuration biologique des eaux par boues activées et au traitement de tous liquides en contact avec des microorganismes non immobilisés sur supports. 5. Application of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 4 to the biological purification of water by activated sludge and to the treatment of all liquids in contact with microorganisms not immobilized on supports.
FR7922271A 1979-09-06 1979-09-06 Improving efficiency of e.g. activated sludge treatment - comprises using terra cotta particles as support for micro organisms Granted FR2464996A1 (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0175568A2 (en) * 1984-09-17 1986-03-26 Waseda University Three phase fluidized bed bioreactor process
EP0240929A2 (en) * 1986-04-07 1987-10-14 HERDING GmbH Entstaubungsanlagen Carrier for the immobilization of micro-organisms
EP0630862A1 (en) * 1993-06-23 1994-12-28 Degremont Process for biological treatment of water

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2080907A1 (en) * 1970-01-14 1971-11-26 Du Pont Sewage treatment using activated carbon or fuller's earth
US3928191A (en) * 1972-10-06 1975-12-23 Du Pont Biodegradation of methanolic waste water

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2080907A1 (en) * 1970-01-14 1971-11-26 Du Pont Sewage treatment using activated carbon or fuller's earth
US3928191A (en) * 1972-10-06 1975-12-23 Du Pont Biodegradation of methanolic waste water

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0175568A2 (en) * 1984-09-17 1986-03-26 Waseda University Three phase fluidized bed bioreactor process
EP0175568A3 (en) * 1984-09-17 1988-04-06 Waseda University Three phase fluidized bed bioreactor process
EP0240929A2 (en) * 1986-04-07 1987-10-14 HERDING GmbH Entstaubungsanlagen Carrier for the immobilization of micro-organisms
EP0240929A3 (en) * 1986-04-07 1989-01-11 Herding Gmbh Carrier for the immobilization of micro-organisms
EP0630862A1 (en) * 1993-06-23 1994-12-28 Degremont Process for biological treatment of water
FR2706883A1 (en) * 1993-06-23 1994-12-30 Degremont
US5480551A (en) * 1993-06-23 1996-01-02 Degremont Process for the biological treatment of water

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FR2464996B1 (en) 1985-01-11

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