FI95305C - Construction method - Google Patents

Construction method Download PDF

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Publication number
FI95305C
FI95305C FI925357A FI925357A FI95305C FI 95305 C FI95305 C FI 95305C FI 925357 A FI925357 A FI 925357A FI 925357 A FI925357 A FI 925357A FI 95305 C FI95305 C FI 95305C
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FI
Finland
Prior art keywords
elements
arch
vault
lifting
wedge
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Application number
FI925357A
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Finnish (fi)
Swedish (sv)
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FI925357A (en
FI95305B (en
FI925357A0 (en
Inventor
Jari Ruusunen
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Jari Ruusunen
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Jari Ruusunen filed Critical Jari Ruusunen
Priority to FI925357A priority Critical patent/FI95305C/en
Publication of FI925357A0 publication Critical patent/FI925357A0/en
Priority to JP6512804A priority patent/JPH08504009A/en
Priority to AT94900829T priority patent/ATE152197T1/en
Priority to PCT/FI1993/000497 priority patent/WO1994012728A1/en
Priority to EP94900829A priority patent/EP0670933B1/en
Priority to DE69310205T priority patent/DE69310205D1/en
Publication of FI925357A publication Critical patent/FI925357A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of FI95305B publication Critical patent/FI95305B/en
Publication of FI95305C publication Critical patent/FI95305C/en

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Classifications

    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01DCONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D4/00Arch-type bridges
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04CSTRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/38Arched girders or portal frames
    • E04C3/44Arched girders or portal frames of concrete or other stone-like material, e.g. with reinforcements or tensioning members
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01DCONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D2101/00Material constitution of bridges
    • E01D2101/20Concrete, stone or stone-like material
    • E01D2101/22Masonry; Bricks
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01DCONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D2101/00Material constitution of bridges
    • E01D2101/20Concrete, stone or stone-like material
    • E01D2101/24Concrete

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)
  • Conveying And Assembling Of Building Elements In Situ (AREA)

Abstract

The invention concerns a method of building an arch, wherein the prefabricated arch units are lowered all at once to rest on end supports using a crane. No supporting bottom structures are used under the arch, which makes the method simple and cheap to implement.

Description

"< r 7 r' ~ 1 y ο ό u o"<r 7 r '~ 1 y ο ό u o

RAKENNUSMENETELMÄ TEKNIIKAN ALACONSTRUCTION METHOD TECHNICAL FIELD

Keksintö liittyy rakennustekniikkaan ja koskee holvin 5 rakennusmenetelmää ja siinä käytettäviä elementtejä.The invention relates to construction technology and relates to a method of constructing a vault 5 and the elements used therein.

TEKNIIKAN TAUSTATECHNICAL BACKGROUND

Holvi on avoimen tilan yli päätytukien varaan paloista tehty kantava kaarirakenne, jonka kantokyky perustuu pää-10 asiallisesti puristusjännityksiin. Holvirakenteita on käy tetty jo yli 2000 vuotta. Tunnetuissa holvien rakennusmenetelmissä tehdään ensin alatukirakenne, jonka päälle holvipa-lat sitten ladotaan. Kun holvi on valmis, alatukirakenne poistetaan.The vault is a load-bearing arch structure made of pieces over the open space on the end supports, the load-bearing capacity of which is mainly based on compressive stresses. Vault structures have been used for more than 2,000 years. In known vault construction methods, a lower support structure is first made, on which the vault beams are then stacked. When the vault is complete, the lower support structure is removed.

1515

KEKSINNÖN YLEINEN KUVAUSGENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Nyt on keksitty, että holvi voidaan rakentaa ilman alatu-kirakennetta, kun holvin elementit lasketaan paikalleen päätytukien varaan yhdellä kerralla nosturin avulla.It has now been discovered that a vault can be built without a lower structure when the elements of the vault are lowered into place on the end supports in one go by means of a crane.

20 Keksintö ja sen eräitä edullisia sovellutuksia määritel lään yksityiskohtaisemmin patenttivaatimuksissa.The invention and some of its preferred embodiments are defined in more detail in the claims.

KEKSINNÖN YKSITYISKOHTAINEN KUVAUSDETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Menetelmä on tarkoitettu suhteellisen suurien, vähintään 25 noin 5 metriä pitkien holvien rakentamiseen. Holvi muodostuu vähintään kolmesta elementistä, mutta käytännössä elementtejä on aina huomattavasti enemmän, esimerkiksi vähintään noin kahdeksan. Elementit ovat parhaiten betonia tai kiveä.The method is intended for the construction of relatively large vaults of at least 25 about 5 meters long. The vault consists of at least three elements, but in practice there are always considerably more elements, for example at least about eight. The elements are best made of concrete or stone.

Elementit lasketaan paikalleen holviin päätytukien varaan, 30 yhtäaikaa yhden tai useamman nosturin avulla. Kun käytetään kahta tai useampaakin nosturia, voidaan rakentaa hyvinkin suuria holveja. Parhaiten elementtejä yhdistetään ensin suuremmiksi kaariksi, joissa niitä kannatetaan erikseen. Tällöin on huolehdittava noston aikana siitä, että elementit pysyvät 35 halutun kaaren muodossa. Tämä aikaansaadaan esimerkiksi kaa ren suuntaisen nostopalkin avulla, johon kukin elementti ripustetaan sopivan pituisen köyden avulla. Elementit voidaan noston ajaksi myös kiinnittää sopivasti toisiinsa kaaren muodon säilyttämiseksi. Niistä voidaan muodostaa ensin esimer- 95305 2 kiksi holvin puolikkaat, jotka sitten lasketaan paikalleen kahden nosturin avulla. Kaaret voidaan muodostaa sopivalla kaaren muotoisella alustalla.The elements are lowered into place in the vault on the end supports, 30 simultaneously by means of one or more cranes. When two or more cranes are used, very large vaults can be built. It is best to combine the elements first into larger arches where they are supported separately. In this case, care must be taken during lifting to ensure that the elements remain in the shape of the desired arc. This is achieved, for example, by means of a curved lifting beam on which each element is suspended by means of a rope of suitable length. The elements can also be suitably fastened to each other during lifting to maintain the shape of the arc. They can first be formed into halves of a vault, for example 95305 2, which are then lowered into place by means of two cranes. The arches can be formed on a suitable arc-shaped substrate.

Elementteihin tehdään sopivat elimet nostolaitteeseen 5 kiinnitystä varten.The elements are provided with suitable members for attachment to the lifting device 5.

Elementit ovat parhaiten siten kiilan muotoisia, että niiden vastakkain tulevat pinnat puristuvat valmiissa holvi-rakenteessa suoraan toisiaan vasten. Elementtien väliin voidaan kuitenkin myös tehdä kiilamaiset saumat, jolloin voi-10 daan samanlaisista elementeistä valmistaa erilaisia kaaria.The elements are preferably wedge-shaped so that their opposing surfaces are pressed directly against each other in the finished vault structure. However, wedge-shaped seams can also be made between the elements, in which case different arches can be made from similar elements.

Tällöin voidaan elementtien välissä käyttää jonkinlaisia kiiloja, joiden avulla elementit halutuksi kaareksi asetetaan ennen saumausta.In this case, some kind of wedges can be used between the elements, by means of which the elements are set to the desired arc before sealing.

Elementin paino voisi olla esimerkiksi noin yhden tonnin 15 luokkaa.For example, the weight of the element could be in the order of about one ton.

Elementit valmistetaan parhaiten betonista, mutta myös muita materiaaleja kuten kiveä voidaan käyttää.The elements are best made of concrete, but other materials such as stone can also be used.

Seuraavassa keksinnön eräitä edullisia sovellutuksia selostetaan esimerkkien avulla. Selostuksen piirustuksissa 20 - kuva 1 esittää betonikaaren valumuottina käytettävän holvirakenteen valmistusta, - kuva 2 esittää jälkivalulla täytettävistä elementeistä muodostuvan holvirakenteen valmistusta, - kuva 3 esittää pienemmän jälkivalulla täytettävistä 25 elementeistä muodostuvan holvirakenteen valmistusta ja - kuva 4 kevyen liikenteen holvisiltaa.In the following, some preferred embodiments of the invention will be described by way of examples. In the drawings 20, Fig. 1 shows the manufacture of a vault structure used as a casting mold for a concrete arch, Fig. 2 shows the manufacture of a vault structure consisting of post-cast elements, - Fig. 3 shows the manufacture of a smaller post-cast vault structure, and Fig. 4

Kuvassa 1 päätytukien 1 varaan muodostetaan betonisista elementeistä 2.1 holvirakenne, jota voidaan käyttää betonikaaren valumuottina.In Fig. 1, a vault structure is formed from the concrete elements 2.1 on the end supports 1, which can be used as a casting mold for a concrete arch.

30 Elementit 2.1 ovat alaspäin kiilamaisia siten, että niistä peräkkäin asettamalla muodostuu haluttu holvi ilman että väleihin tarvitaan saumausainetta. Elementeissä on pohjan 3 sivureunoilla ylöspäin nousevat seinät 4. Holvirakenteessa on tässä kolme elementtiholvia rinnakkain. Elementtien koko voi 35 olla esimerkiksi noin 2x2 metriä ja paino esimerkiksi noin 500 - 2000 kg.30 The elements 2.1 are wedge-shaped in such a way that, when placed in succession, they form a desired vault without the need for a sealant at the gaps. The elements have walls 4 rising upwards at the side edges of the base 3. Here, the vault structure has three element vaults in parallel. The size of the elements can be, for example, about 2x2 meters and the weight, for example, about 500 to 2000 kg.

Kukin holvi 3 tehdään tässä laskemalla elementeistä 2.1 muodostetut holvinpuolikkaat 5 yhtäaikaa paikalleen tukien 1 varaan. Nostoeliminä käytetään holvin pituussuuntaisia palk- 3 η τ ~z n ΐ~ y o 6 ϋ 5 ke ja 6, joihin elementit on ripustettu sopivan pituisten köysien 7 avulla siten, että holvinpuolikas pysyy noston aikana halutussa muodossa. Lisäksi elementit voidaan jollain sopivalla tavalla kiinnittää toisiinsa liikkumisen estämiseksi 5 noston aikana.Each vault 3 is made here by lowering the vault halves 5 formed from the elements 2.1 simultaneously into place on the supports 1. The lifting members are longitudinal beams of the vault 3 η τ ~ z n ΐ ~ y o 6 ϋ 5 ke and 6, on which the elements are suspended by means of ropes 7 of suitable length so that the vault half remains in the desired shape during lifting. In addition, the elements can be fastened to each other in some suitable way to prevent movement during lifting.

Ripustamista varten on elementissä 2.1 kaksi sivuseinien 4 läpi kulkevaa reikää 8.1, joiden läpi on työnnetty tangot 9. Köydet 7 on kiinnitetty tankojen keskelle.For hanging, the element 2.1 has two holes 8.1 passing through the side walls 4, through which the rods 9 are inserted. The ropes 7 are fixed in the middle of the rods.

Reikien 8.1 avulla voidaan vierekkäiset elementit 2.1 10 kiinnittää rakenteessa toisiinsa esimerkiksi läpikulkevan tangon avulla. Tällöin rakenne myös jäykistyy poikkisuunnas-sa.By means of the holes 8.1, the adjacent elements 2.1 10 can be fastened to one another in the structure, for example by means of a through rod. In this case, the structure also stiffens in the transverse direction.

Myös holvinpuolikkaiden 5 vastakkain tulevat päät voidaan juuri ennen paikalleen laskemista kiinnittää yhteen. Näin 15 varmistetaan, että päät asettuvat heti tarkasti kohdakkain.The opposite ends of the vault halves 5 can also be fastened together just before being put in place. This ensures that the ends are immediately aligned exactly.

Kiinnitys voi olla väliaikainen. Se voidaan tehdä esimerkiksi pulteilla, teräsholkilla tai uraliitoksilla.The attachment may be temporary. It can be done, for example, with bolts, steel sleeves or groove joints.

Kun holvirakenne on tehty, raudoitetaan se tarvittavalla tavalla ja suoritetaan valu.Once the vault structure is made, it is reinforced as required and casting is performed.

20 Kuva 2 esittää sovellutusta, jossa tehdään tukien 1 varaan ensin laatikkomaisista elementeistä 2.2 kevyt holvirakenne. Sen jälkeen elementteihin valetaan betonia, jolloin saadaan vahva kantava holvi.Figure 2 shows an application in which a light vaulted structure is first made of box-like elements 2.2 on the supports 1. Concrete is then poured into the elements to give a strong load-bearing vault.

Elementtien 2.2 sivuseinien 4 läpi kulkee keskeltä paino-25 pisteen läpi reikä 8.2, johon asetetaan tanko 9. Kukin ele mentti ripustetaan sopivan pituisen köyden 7.2 avulla nosto-palkkiin 6.A hole 8.2 passes through the side walls 4 of the elements 2.2 through the center of the weight-25 point, into which a rod 9 is inserted. Each element is suspended on the lifting beam 6 by means of a rope 7.2 of suitable length.

Elementtien 2.2 sivuseinien 4 läpi kulkee myös muita reikiä 10. Näiden avulla rakenteeseen vierekkäin asetettavat 30 elementit voidaan kiinnittää toisiinsa yhdeksi holvielemen- tiksi. Tämä tehdään parhaiten koko rakenteen läpi menevällä tangolla.Other holes 10 also pass through the side walls 4 of the elements 2.2. These allow the elements 30 to be placed side by side in the structure to be fastened to each other as a single vault element. This is best done with a rod that goes through the entire structure.

Elementtien 2.2 päätyseinien 11 läpi kulkee reiät 12. Näistä elementit voidaan kiinnittää nostoa varten kevyesti 35 toisiinsa esimerkiksi pulteilla.Holes 12 pass through the end walls 11 of the elements 2.2. Of these, the elements can be lightly fastened to each other for lifting, for example with bolts.

Nostoa varten elementit 2.2 asetetaan ensin sopivan kaarevan alustan 13 päälle, jossa ne liitetään yhteen holvinpuo-likkaiksi 5.For lifting, the elements 2.2 are first placed on a suitable curved base 13, where they are joined together as vault halves 5.

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Jos käytetään esimerkiksi suorakaiteen muotoisia elementtejä, joiden pinnat valmiissa holvirakenteessa eivät asetu tiiviisti vastakkain, voidaan kaarevan alustan 13 päällä suorittaa myös saumaus.If, for example, rectangular elements are used, the surfaces of which in the finished vault structure do not fit tightly opposite to each other, sealing can also be performed on the curved base 13.

5 Kuva 3 esittää vastaavanlaisen rakenteen valmistusta kuin kuvio 2. Tässä kuitenkin koko holvi lasketaan paikalleen yhden nostopalkin 6 avulla. Tämä tapa soveltuu kevyempien rakenteiden valmistukseen.5 Fig. 3 shows the construction of a structure similar to Fig. 2. Here, however, the entire vault is lowered into place by means of one lifting beam 6. This method is suitable for the manufacture of lighter structures.

Kuva 4 esittää elementeistä 2.3 muodostettua kevyen lii-10 kenteen siltaa. Elementit ovat periaatteessa samanlaisia kuin kuvassa 1. Lisäksi niissä on kaide-elementit 14, jotka valmiissa sillassa on liitetty yhteen ja esimerkiksi sopivalla tavalla päällystetty kaiteeksi.Figure 4 shows a light traffic field bridge formed of elements 2.3. The elements are basically similar to those in Figure 1. In addition, they have handrail elements 14 which are joined together in the finished bridge and, for example, suitably coated into a handrail.

Keksinnön mukaisesti voidaan holvirakenne tehdä ilman 15 alatukirakenteita. Elementtien paikalleen asettamiseen tarvi taan vain tavanomaista, työmailla normaalisti käytettävää nostokalustoa.According to the invention, the vault structure can be made without 15 lower support structures. All that is needed to install the elements is the standard lifting equipment normally used on construction sites.

Luonnollisesti keksintöä voidaan haluttaessa soveltaa myös holvien rakentamiseen, joissa on useampia kaaria ristikkäin.Of course, if desired, the invention can also be applied to the construction of vaults with several arches crossed.

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Claims (9)

1. Förfarande för att bygga ett valv av bägelement pä gavelstöd pä ett sädant sätt att en bärande bägkonstruktion bildas vars bärförmäga baserar sig huvudsakligen pä trycks-pänningar, kännetecknat av att valvet byggs ätminstone av 10 tre, lämpligen av ca ätta elment sä att elementen med en gäng läggs pä gavelstöden medelst en eller flera lyftkranar, och att valvet byggs av kilformade element som, anordnade efter varandra kilyta mot kilyta, bildar ett valv av önskad form, eller att valvet byggs av element, mellan vilka bör göras en 15 kilformad fog för att ästadkomma ett valv av önskad form.1. A method of building a vault of gable elements on gable supports in such a way that a supporting gage structure is formed whose bearing capacity is mainly based on compressive stresses, characterized in that the vault is constructed at least of three, preferably of about eight elements, so that the elements with a thread is laid on the gable supports by one or more lifting cranes, and the arch is built of wedge-shaped elements which, arranged one after the other, wedge-to-wedge surface, form a arch of the desired shape, or that the arch is built of elements, between which a wedge-shaped joint should be made. to achieve a vault of the desired shape. 2. Förfarande i enlighet med patentkrav 1, kännetecknat av att innan elementen läggs pä plats dessa utformas som ett valv eller delar av ett valv, vilka uppvisar ätminstone tvä, lämpligen ätminstone ca fyra bägelement. 202. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that before the elements are placed in place, they are formed as a vault or parts of a vault, which have at least two, preferably at least about four cup elements. 20 3. Förfarande i enlighet med patentkrav 2 eller 3, kännetecknat av att innan elementen i valvet eller valvets del läggs pä plats dessa fästes vid varandra.Method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that before the elements of the arch or the part of the arch are placed in place, they are fixed together. 4. Förfarande i enlighet med nägot av patentkraven 2-3, kännetecknat av att för att läggas pä plats elementen i 25 valvet eller valvets del fästes vart och ett separat vid lyftanordningen vid en lyftkran.Method according to any one of claims 2-3, characterized in that the elements of the arch or the part of the arch to be mounted in place are each attached separately to the lifting device by a lifting crane. 5. Förfarande i enlighet med nägot av patentkraven 1-4, kännetecknat av att valvet byggs som en gjutform för en betongbägbro. 30Method according to any of claims 1-4, characterized in that the arch is constructed as a mold for a concrete paver bridge. 30 6. Förfarande i enlighet med nägot av patentkraven 1-5, kännetecknat av att valvet byggs av lädformade gjutformar.Method according to any of claims 1-5, characterized in that the vault is constructed of leather-shaped molds. 7. Bägelement vid ett valv, vilket uppvisar sidor i bägens riktning och tvärsgäende gavlar och av vilka bägelement ett valv kan tillverkas pä gavelstöd med ätminstone tre bäg- 35 element sä att en bärande bägkonstruktion bildas vars bärförmäga baserar sig i huvudsak pä tryckspänningar, kännetecknat av att bägelementet uppvisar organ för fästning vid en lyftanordning sä att valvets element kan sänkas ned med en gäng pä gavelstöden medelst en eller flera lyftkranar. ^ s--7 r\ r~ U Κ Λ π S-, S \J ^ \*J7. Beam elements at an arch, which exhibit sides in the direction of the beak and transverse ends, and of which beak elements an arch can be made on end supports with at least three beak elements, so that a supporting beak structure is formed whose bearing capacity is mainly based on compressive stresses, characterized by that the cup element has means for fastening to a lifting device so that the element of the arch can be lowered with a thread on the end supports by one or more lifting cranes. ^ s - 7 r \ r ~ U Κ Λ π S-, S \ J ^ \ * J 8. Element i enlighet med patentkrav 7, kännetecknat av att sidorna uppvisar väggar (4) som sträcker sig uppät.Element according to claim 7, characterized in that the sides have walls (4) which extend upwards. 9. Element i enlighet med patentkrav 8 eller 9, kännetecknat av att genom sidorna löper ätminstone ett hai (8) som 5 är tvärställt i förhällande tili bägen.Element according to Claim 8 or 9, characterized in that at least one shark (8) which is transverse in relation to the cup runs through the sides.
FI925357A 1992-11-25 1992-11-25 Construction method FI95305C (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI925357A FI95305C (en) 1992-11-25 1992-11-25 Construction method
JP6512804A JPH08504009A (en) 1992-11-25 1993-11-24 Arch construction method
AT94900829T ATE152197T1 (en) 1992-11-25 1993-11-24 CONSTRUCTION METHODS
PCT/FI1993/000497 WO1994012728A1 (en) 1992-11-25 1993-11-24 Construction method
EP94900829A EP0670933B1 (en) 1992-11-25 1993-11-24 Construction method
DE69310205T DE69310205D1 (en) 1992-11-25 1993-11-24 CONSTRUCTION PROCESS

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI925357 1992-11-25
FI925357A FI95305C (en) 1992-11-25 1992-11-25 Construction method

Publications (4)

Publication Number Publication Date
FI925357A0 FI925357A0 (en) 1992-11-25
FI925357A FI925357A (en) 1994-05-26
FI95305B FI95305B (en) 1995-09-29
FI95305C true FI95305C (en) 1996-01-10

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EP (1) EP0670933B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH08504009A (en)
AT (1) ATE152197T1 (en)
DE (1) DE69310205D1 (en)
FI (1) FI95305C (en)
WO (1) WO1994012728A1 (en)

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JP6576206B2 (en) * 2015-10-20 2019-09-18 ケイコン株式会社 Articulated concrete block and arch bridge for arch bridge structure
JP6576207B2 (en) * 2015-10-20 2019-09-18 ケイコン株式会社 Manufacturing method of block group used for connecting concrete block body for arch bridge structure
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CN113684760A (en) * 2021-08-03 2021-11-23 中交路桥建设有限公司 Method for hoisting ropeless area beam section of half-through basket arch bridge

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DE69310205D1 (en) 1997-05-28
ATE152197T1 (en) 1997-05-15
EP0670933A1 (en) 1995-09-13
FI925357A (en) 1994-05-26
FI95305B (en) 1995-09-29
WO1994012728A1 (en) 1994-06-09
JPH08504009A (en) 1996-04-30
FI925357A0 (en) 1992-11-25
EP0670933B1 (en) 1997-04-23

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