ES2934893A1 - PROCESS FOR OBTAINING SUSTAINABLE SYNTHETIC DIAMONDS THROUGH THE REUSE OF CARBON DIOXIDE (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) - Google Patents
PROCESS FOR OBTAINING SUSTAINABLE SYNTHETIC DIAMONDS THROUGH THE REUSE OF CARBON DIOXIDE (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) Download PDFInfo
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- ES2934893A1 ES2934893A1 ES202130816A ES202130816A ES2934893A1 ES 2934893 A1 ES2934893 A1 ES 2934893A1 ES 202130816 A ES202130816 A ES 202130816A ES 202130816 A ES202130816 A ES 202130816A ES 2934893 A1 ES2934893 A1 ES 2934893A1
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- carbon dioxide
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- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 103
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 5
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009919 sequestration Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B29/00—Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape
- C30B29/02—Elements
- C30B29/04—Diamond
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/62—Carbon oxides
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
- Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
- Y02C20/40—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
Description
DESCRIPCIÓNDESCRIPTION
PROCESO PARA LA OBTENCIÓN DE DIAMANTES SINTÉTICOS SOSTENIBLES PROCESS FOR OBTAINING SUSTAINABLE SYNTHETIC DIAMONDS
MEDIANTE LA REUTILIZACÓN DE DIÓXIDO DE CARBONOTHROUGH THE REUSE OF CARBON DIOXIDE
SECTOR DE LA TÉCNICATECHNIQUE SECTOR
La presente solicitud de patente tiene por objeto un nuevo proceso para la obtención de diamantes mediante la absorción y captura del dióxido de carbono que se emite a la atmósfera por la actividad humana y su posterior tratamiento mediante técnicas de alta presión y temperatura. Por lo tanto, el sector de la técnica donde se incluye la invención es el de la industria en general que desprenda dióxido de carbono a la atmósfera y la industria química relacionada con la fabricación de derivados del carbono.The purpose of this patent application is a new process for obtaining diamonds through the absorption and capture of carbon dioxide that is emitted into the atmosphere by human activity and its subsequent treatment using high pressure and temperature techniques. Therefore, the sector of the technique where the invention is included is that of the industry in general that releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere and the chemical industry related to the manufacture of carbon derivatives.
ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCIÓNBACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
La captura y almacenamiento de carbono (CAC) es una técnica conocida que permite retirar dióxido de carbono de la atmósfera o, más comúnmente, evitar que llegue a ella. La CAC consiste en separar el CO2 emitido por la industria y la generación de energía en los procesos de combustión, y transportarlo a un lugar de almacenamiento geológico para aislarlo de la atmósfera a largo plazo.Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is a well-known technique that allows carbon dioxide to be removed from the atmosphere or, more commonly, prevented from reaching it. CCS consists of separating the CO2 emitted by industry and power generation in combustion processes, and transporting it to a geological storage site for long-term isolation from the atmosphere.
En términos generales, existen tres configuraciones diferentes de tecnologías de captura: postcombustión, precombustión y combustión de oxicombustible:Broadly speaking, there are three different configurations of capture technologies: post-combustion, pre-combustion, and oxy-fuel combustion:
En la captura de postcombustión, el CO2 se elimina después de la combustión del combustible fósil; éste es el proceso que se aplicaría a las plantas de energía que queman combustibles fósiles.In post-combustion capture, CO2 is removed after the combustion of the fossil fuel; this is the process that would be applied to power plants that burn fossil fuels.
La tecnología de precombustión se aplica ampliamente en fertilizantes, productos químicos, combustibles gaseosos (H2, CH4) y producción de energía. En estos casos, el combustible fósil se oxida parcialmente, por ejemplo, en un gasificador. El CO2 se elimina después de la combustión de combustibles fósiles, pero antes de que el gas de combustión se expanda a la presión atmosférica. Este esquema se aplica a las nuevas plantas de energía que queman combustibles fósiles, o a las plantas existentes donde la recarga es una opción.Pre-combustion technology is widely applied in fertilizers, chemicals, gaseous fuels (H2, CH4) and power production. In these cases, the fossil fuel is partially oxidized, for example, in a gasifier. CO2 is removed after the combustion of fossil fuels, but before the flue gas expands to atmospheric pressure. This scheme applies to new power plants that burn fossil fuels, or to existing plants where recharging is an option.
En la combustión de oxicombustible, el combustible se quema en oxígeno en lugar de aire. Los gases de combustión se componen principalmente de dióxido de carbono y vapor de agua, el último de los cuales se condensa mediante enfriamiento. El resultado es una corriente de dióxido de carbono casi puro que puede transportarse al sitio de secuestro y almacenarse.In oxyfuel combustion, the fuel is burned in oxygen instead of air. Flue gases are mainly made up of carbon dioxide and water vapor, the latter of which is condensed by cooling. The result is a stream of nearly pure carbon dioxide that can be transported to the sequestration site and stored.
El proceso para la captura del CO2 de la atmosfera suele consistir en dos fases. En una primera fase el aire de la atmósfera es tratado a través de un filtro adsorbente que permite la captura o precipitación del CO2 en un colector y la salida de aire con una concentración menor de CO2. Posteriormente, el CO2 capturado es sometido a altas temperaturas para obtener un CO2 concentrado y purificado. Son conocidas tecnologías que aplican este proceso, una de ellas utiliza como filtro adsorbente del CO2 una mezcla acuosa de hidróxido de potasio acoplado a un proceso cíclico con calcio cáustico. En este caso, el aire se recircula una y otra vez en dos ciclos emparejados de manera que se va extrayendo el dióxido de carbono atmosférico y se devuelve el aire con una concentración mucho menor. En la segunda fase, el CO2 es secuestrado para formar carbonato de calcio (CaCO3), el cual se calienta para soltar el CO2 y purificarlo. En otro ejemplo de tecnología basada en este proceso, el aire se hace pasar a través de un colector con un ventilador en donde el CO2 se captura sobre la superficie de un filtro de alta selectividad. Una vez el filtro se colmata de CO2, el colector se cierra y se somete a alta temperatura, desprendiéndose el CO2 del filtro purificado y concentrado.The process for capturing CO2 from the atmosphere usually consists of two phases. In a first phase, the air from the atmosphere is treated through an adsorbent filter that allows the capture or precipitation of CO2 in a collector and the outlet of air with a lower concentration of CO2. Subsequently, the captured CO2 is subjected to high temperatures to obtain a concentrated and purified CO2. Technologies that apply this process are known, one of which uses an aqueous mixture of potassium hydroxide coupled to a cyclical process with caustic calcium as a CO2 adsorbent filter. In this case, the air is recirculated over and over again in two paired cycles so that atmospheric carbon dioxide is removed and air with a much lower concentration is returned. In the second phase, the CO2 is sequestered to form calcium carbonate (CaCO3), which is heated to release the CO2 and purify it. In another example of technology based on this process, air is passed through a collector with a fan where CO2 is captured on the surface of a high selectivity filter. Once the filter is clogged with CO2, the collector is closed and subjected to a high temperature, releasing the purified and concentrated CO2 from the filter.
Por otro lado, también es conocido el proceso de captura y utilización de carbono (CUC) el cual consiste en la captura del dióxido de carbono (CO2) para reciclarlo para su uso posterior. La CUC se diferencia de la captura y almacenamiento de carbono (CAC) en que la CUC no tiene como objetivo ni finaliza con en el almacenamiento geológico permanente de dióxido de carbono con un fin puramente de sostenibilidad para reducir la huella de carbono en la atmósfera, sino con la obtención de sustancias o productos más valiosos derivados del carbono.On the other hand, the process of carbon capture and use (CUC) is also known, which consists of capturing carbon dioxide (CO2) to recycle it for later use. The CUC differs from carbon capture and storage (CCS) in that the CUC does not aim or end with the permanent geological storage of carbon dioxide for purely sustainability purposes to reduce the carbon footprint in the atmosphere, but with obtaining more valuable substances or products derived from carbon.
Por último, los diamantes sintéticos son diamantes producidos en procesos tecnológicos, en oposición a los diamantes naturales, que son creados en procesos geológicos. Existen varios métodos para producir estos diamantes sintéticos. Uno de ellos es el de alta presión y alta temperatura (HPHT) el cual se basa en la cristalización del carbono en diamante a altas presiones y temperaturas y se utiliza ampliamente debido a su coste relativamente bajo. El proceso implica grandes prensas que pueden pesar cientos de toneladas para producir una presión de 5 GPa a 1500 ° C.Lastly, synthetic diamonds are diamonds produced by technological processes, as opposed to natural diamonds, which are created by geological processes. There are several methods to produce these synthetic diamonds. One of One of them is the high pressure and high temperature (HPHT) which is based on the crystallization of carbon in diamond at high pressures and temperatures and is widely used due to its relatively low cost. The process involves large presses that can weigh hundreds of tons to produce a pressure of 5 GPa at 1500°C.
La presente invención aporta un proceso innovador para la obtención de un valioso derivado de carbono como es el diamante sintético a partir de técnicas de captura y utilización de carbono como las descritas anteriormente, una vez sometido el carbono a altas temperaturas y presiones. Actualmente no existe procesos que hagan uso del dióxido de carbono generado por la actividad humana para obtener este producto final. Esta invención ofrece la posibilidad de darle un uso al carbono con el valor añadido que tiene su extracción, al venderlo como un producto revalorizado. En vez de invertir el dinero en "perforar" profundamente en la tierra para enterrar el dióxido de carbono, se invierte en generar diamantes . Es decir, se obtiene un diamante sintético sostenible y reciclado.The present invention provides an innovative process for obtaining a valuable carbon derivative such as synthetic diamond from carbon capture and use techniques such as those described above, once the carbon is subjected to high temperatures and pressures. Currently there are no processes that make use of carbon dioxide generated by human activity to obtain this final product. This invention offers the possibility of putting carbon to use with the added value of its extraction, by selling it as a revalued product. Instead of investing the money in "drilling" deep into the earth to bury the carbon dioxide, it is invested in generating diamonds. In other words, a sustainable and recycled synthetic diamond is obtained.
EXPLICACIÓN DE LA INVENCIÓNEXPLANATION OF THE INVENTION
Con el fin de alcanzar los objetivos de diseño mencionados anteriormente, la invención consiste en un proceso para la obtención de diamantes sintéticos mediante la aplicación de técnicas de captura y utilización de carbono (CUC) procedente del dióxido de carbono generado por las industrias. Una vez extraído y almacenado el carbono, éste se transporta a una fábrica en la que se somete a un proceso de alta presión y alta temperatura (HPHT) para la cristalización del carbono en diamante. De esta manera se obtiene un diamante artificial sostenibles, que finalmente será vendido en el mercado.In order to achieve the aforementioned design objectives, the invention consists of a process for obtaining synthetic diamonds by applying carbon capture and utilization techniques (CUC) from carbon dioxide generated by industries. Once the carbon is mined and stored, it is transported to a factory where it is subjected to a high-pressure, high-temperature (HPHT) process to crystallize the carbon into diamond. In this way a sustainable artificial diamond is obtained, which will eventually be sold on the market.
Podemos considerar este proceso como sostenible al reutilizar el carbono existente en el dióxido de carbono que generan las industrias.We can consider this process as sustainable by reusing the existing carbon in the carbon dioxide generated by industries.
BREVE DESCRIPCIÓN DE LOS DIBUJOSBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Para complementar la descripción que se está realizando y con objeto de ayudar a una mejor comprensión de las características de la invención, se acompaña como parte integrante de dicha descripción, un juego de dibujos en donde con carácter ilustrativo y no limitativo, se ha representado lo siguiente: To complement the description that is being made and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, a set of drawings is attached as an integral part of said description, where, with an illustrative and non-limiting nature, what has been represented has been following:
Figura 1.- Representa un diagrama de bloques del proceso de obtención de diamantes sintéticos sostenibles mediante la reutilización del dióxido de carbono de las industrias, en la que se refleja cada una de las etapas de esta solicitud de patente.Figure 1.- Represents a block diagram of the process for obtaining sustainable synthetic diamonds through the reuse of carbon dioxide from industries, in which each of the stages of this patent application is reflected.
A continuación, se proporciona una lista de los distintos elementos que constituyen una planta desaladora de agua de mar por osmosis inversa, representados en las figuras que integran la invención:Below is a list of the different elements that make up a reverse osmosis seawater desalination plant, represented in the figures that make up the invention:
1 = Dióxido de carbono procedente de las industrias1 = Carbon dioxide from industries
2 = Filtro adsorbente para la captura del dióxido de carbono2 = Adsorbent filter for carbon dioxide capture
3 = Proceso de altas temperaturas para liberar el CO2 del filtro3 = High temperature process to release CO2 from the filter
4 = Colector para almacenar el dióxido de carbono purificado y concentrado 5 = Transporte del dióxido de carbono del colector al proceso de altas presiones y temperatura.4 = Collector to store the purified and concentrated carbon dioxide 5 = Transport of carbon dioxide from the collector to the high pressure and temperature process.
6 = Proceso de altas presiones y temperaturas6 = High pressure and temperature process
7 = Diamante artificial sostenible para comercializar7 = Sustainable artificial diamond to market
REALIZACIÓN PREFERENTE DE LA INVENCIÓNPREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
Proceso para la obtención de diamantes sintéticos sostenibles mediante la reutilización del dióxido de carbono (1), consistente en la combinación de la técnica de captura y utilización de carbono (CUC) procedente del dióxido de carbono (1) generado por las industrias y la técnica de alta presión y alta temperatura (HPHT) (6) para la cristalización del carbono en diamante (7).Process for obtaining sustainable synthetic diamonds through the reuse of carbon dioxide (1), consisting of the combination of the carbon capture and use technique (CUC) from carbon dioxide (1) generated by industries and technology of high pressure and high temperature (HPHT) (6) for the crystallization of carbon in diamond (7).
El proceso consiste en tres fases. En la primera fase el dióxido de carbono (1) generado por las industrias antes o después de ser emitido a la atmósfera se captura a través de un filtro adsorbente (2). En la segunda fase, el dióxido de carbono (1) capturado en el filtro adsorbente (2) es sometido a altas temperaturas (3) para liberarlo del filtro (2) y obtener un dióxido de carbono purificado y concentrado que se almacena en un colector (4) . Posteriormente, el dióxido de carbono almacenado en el colector (4) se transporta (5) para someterlo a un proceso de altas presiones y temperaturas (HPHT) (6) de manera que el carbono cristaliza en diamante (7), el cual se puede comercializar en el mercado como un diamante artificial sostenible (7). The process consists of three phases. In the first phase, the carbon dioxide (1) generated by the industries before or after being emitted into the atmosphere is captured through an adsorbent filter (2). In the second phase, the carbon dioxide (1) captured in the adsorbent filter (2) is subjected to high temperatures (3) to release it from the filter (2) and obtain a purified and concentrated carbon dioxide that is stored in a collector. (4) . Subsequently, the carbon dioxide stored in the collector (4) is transported (5) to submit it to a process of high pressures and temperatures (HPHT) (6) so that the carbon crystallizes into diamond (7), which can be marketed as a sustainable artificial diamond (7).
Claims (1)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES202130816A ES2934893A1 (en) | 2021-08-27 | 2021-08-27 | PROCESS FOR OBTAINING SUSTAINABLE SYNTHETIC DIAMONDS THROUGH THE REUSE OF CARBON DIOXIDE (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES202130816A ES2934893A1 (en) | 2021-08-27 | 2021-08-27 | PROCESS FOR OBTAINING SUSTAINABLE SYNTHETIC DIAMONDS THROUGH THE REUSE OF CARBON DIOXIDE (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| ES2934893A1 true ES2934893A1 (en) | 2023-02-27 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| ES202130816A Pending ES2934893A1 (en) | 2021-08-27 | 2021-08-27 | PROCESS FOR OBTAINING SUSTAINABLE SYNTHETIC DIAMONDS THROUGH THE REUSE OF CARBON DIOXIDE (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) |
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| ES (1) | ES2934893A1 (en) |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH09142987A (en) * | 1995-11-20 | 1997-06-03 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | Fixing and utilizing method of carbon dioxide in diamond synthesis and device therefor |
| US20180223449A1 (en) * | 2015-02-06 | 2018-08-09 | Ecotricity Group Limited | Method of producing a synthetic diamond |
-
2021
- 2021-08-27 ES ES202130816A patent/ES2934893A1/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH09142987A (en) * | 1995-11-20 | 1997-06-03 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | Fixing and utilizing method of carbon dioxide in diamond synthesis and device therefor |
| US20180223449A1 (en) * | 2015-02-06 | 2018-08-09 | Ecotricity Group Limited | Method of producing a synthetic diamond |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| MATT MORRIS. Diamonds From The Sky ¿ Made Real by Aether Yes, diamonds - in the form of CO2. Vectors Angel, 15/02/2021, Recuperado de Internet (URL:https://medium.com/vectors-angel/diamonds-from-the-sky-made-real-by-aether-495a4b09551c), párrafos [9 - 11] * |
| ZHENGSONG LOU ET AL. Diamond formation by reduction of carbon dioxide at low temperatures. J Am Chem Soc., 06/08/2003, Vol. 125, Páginas 9302-9303 * |
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