ES2896848A1 - Traceability capsule with controlled disintegration (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) - Google Patents
Traceability capsule with controlled disintegration (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) Download PDFInfo
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- ES2896848A1 ES2896848A1 ES202030887A ES202030887A ES2896848A1 ES 2896848 A1 ES2896848 A1 ES 2896848A1 ES 202030887 A ES202030887 A ES 202030887A ES 202030887 A ES202030887 A ES 202030887A ES 2896848 A1 ES2896848 A1 ES 2896848A1
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- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 19
- 229920000747 poly(lactic acid) Polymers 0.000 claims description 17
- -1 polyethylene adipate Polymers 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000004626 polylactic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000005014 poly(hydroxyalkanoate) Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920000903 polyhydroxyalkanoate Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920008262 Thermoplastic starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004628 starch-based polymer Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920002961 polybutylene succinate Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004631 polybutylene succinate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920000331 Polyhydroxybutyrate Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920003232 aliphatic polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000005015 poly(hydroxybutyrate) Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000218 poly(hydroxyvalerate) Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001610 polycaprolactone Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004632 polycaprolactone Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002792 polyhydroxyhexanoate Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011256 inorganic filler Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910003475 inorganic filler Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-REOHCLBHSA-N L-lactic acid Chemical compound C[C@H](O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000571 Nylon 11 Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004695 Polyether sulfone Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920006393 polyether sulfone Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000921 polyethylene adipate Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019422 polyvinyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002749 Bacterial cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UWTATZPHSA-N D-lactic acid Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UWTATZPHSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- MKRNVBXERAPZOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Starch acetate Chemical compound O1C(CO)C(OC)C(O)C(O)C1OCC1C(OC2C(C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O2)OC(C)=O)C(O)C(O)C(OC2C(OC(C)C(O)C2O)CO)O1 MKRNVBXERAPZOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005016 bacterial cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002988 biodegradable polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004621 biodegradable polymer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940022769 d- lactic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004627 regenerated cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 102000008186 Collagen Human genes 0.000 claims description 2
- 108010035532 Collagen Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 229930182843 D-Lactic acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 108010068370 Glutens Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002494 Zein Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 108010055615 Zein Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000005323 carbonate salts Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001436 collagen Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- UQLDLKMNUJERMK-UHFFFAOYSA-L di(octadecanoyloxy)lead Chemical compound [Pb+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O UQLDLKMNUJERMK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000021312 gluten Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006259 organic additive Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920006149 polyester-amide block copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L terephthalate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=C(C([O-])=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003626 triacylglycerols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 claims 2
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 14
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 8
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- XECAHXYUAAWDEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC#N.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 XECAHXYUAAWDEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920000122 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004676 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006065 biodegradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920002959 polymer blend Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013330 chicken meat Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- AXKZIDYFAMKWSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,6-dioxacyclododecane-7,12-dione Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC(=O)OCCCCO1 AXKZIDYFAMKWSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000282887 Suidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000704 biodegradable plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001222 biopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012993 chemical processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006237 degradable polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000144980 herd Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920001903 high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004700 high-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002372 labelling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920001684 low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004702 low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001748 polybutylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007655 standard test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960005486 vaccine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L101/00—Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds
- C08L101/16—Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds the macromolecular compounds being biodegradable
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K11/00—Marking of animals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K35/00—Marking poultry or other birds
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
- G09F3/00—Labels, tag tickets, or similar identification or indication means; Seals; Postage or like stamps
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Biological Depolymerization Polymers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
DESCRIPCIÓNDESCRIPTION
Cápsula de trazabilidad con desintegración controladaTraceability capsule with controlled disintegration
La presente invención se refiere a una variedad de capsulas de trazabilidad. Dentro de las cápsulas se puede incluir un dispositivo de trazabilidad para la gestión y control de seres vivos. Las cápsulas tienen una desintegración controlada en el tiempo para que una vez terminada su función se desintegren completamente sin contaminar el medioambiente.The present invention relates to a variety of traceability capsules. Within the capsules, a traceability device can be included for the management and control of living beings. The capsules have a controlled disintegration in time so that once their function is finished they disintegrate completely without polluting the environment.
Antecedentes de la invenciónBackground of the invention
El uso de etiquetas o marcadores no biodegradables presenta problemas ecológicos importantes al ser desechada. Comúnmente, las etiquetas o marcadores se hacen con polietileno ("PET") laminado o un cloruro de polivinilo ("PVC"), polipropileno, gomas de caucho vulcanizado, nylon, termo-polímero de acrilonitrilo-butadieno-estireno ("ABS"), o policarbonato (" PC ").The use of non-biodegradable labels or markers presents important ecological problems when discarded. Labels or markers are commonly made with laminated polyethylene ("PET") or a polyvinyl chloride ("PVC"), polypropylene, rubber vulcanized rubbers, nylon, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene thermopolymer ("ABS") , or polycarbonate ("PC").
Así, en el estado de la técnica encontramos el documento con número de publicación CA1325720C que se refiere a una etiqueta de oreja para animales que se va a utilizar particularmente para ganado, fabricados con plásticos convencionales como el polietileno de alta y baja densidad, polipropileno, poliuretano, gomas, PVC, ABS o nylon. Todos estos materiales son plásticos convencionales no degradables y suponen un alto índice de contaminación.Thus, in the state of the art we find the document with publication number CA1325720C which refers to an ear tag for animals to be used particularly for livestock, made with conventional plastics such as high and low density polyethylene, polypropylene, polyurethane, rubber, PVC, ABS or nylon. All these materials are non-degradable conventional plastics and represent a high rate of contamination.
El documento con número de publicación EP2191715B1 se refiere al reciclaje de etiquetas de identificación de animales que comprenden medios de identificación electrónica para volver a reusarlas, hechas de poliuretano.The document with publication number EP2191715B1 refers to the recycling of animal identification tags that comprise electronic identification means for reuse, made of polyurethane.
La solicitud de patente US20080222930A1 describe una etiqueta de plástico de oreja para animales que incluye un cuerpo de etiqueta y un inserto de bloqueo, en el que una vez que el inserto de bloqueo se coloca dentro del saliente de un receptáculo del cuerpo de la etiqueta de oreja, el inserto no se desprende fácilmente del mismo. Además, la presente invención se refiere a una etiqueta de oreja de animal y un inserto de bloqueo en el que el inserto de bloqueo evita la separación de los componentes de bloqueo de la etiqueta de oreja de animal una vez que la etiqueta de oreja está instalada en un animal, inhibiendo así la pérdida de la etiqueta de oreja. Patent application US20080222930A1 describes a plastic ear tag for animals that includes a tag body and a locking insert, in which once the locking insert is placed inside the projection of a receptacle of the tag body ear, the insert does not come off easily from it. Furthermore, the present invention relates to an animal ear tag and a locking insert wherein the locking insert prevents separation of the locking components of the animal ear tag once the ear tag is installed. in an animal, thus inhibiting ear tag loss.
La solicitud de patente US20060190008A1 describe un sistema de etiquetado de plástico compuesto por un inyector desechable.Patent application US20060190008A1 describes a plastic labeling system made up of a disposable injector.
Como se ve del estado de la técnica es necesario el desarrollo de nuevas cápsulas de trazabilidad basados en una materia prima degradable rígidas en el uso, pero degradables una vez sean utilizadas.As can be seen from the state of the art, it is necessary to develop new traceability capsules based on a degradable raw material that are rigid in use, but degradable once they are used.
Descripción de la invenciónDescription of the invention
Se ha desarrollado una nueva cápsula de trazabilidad con unos materiales que confieren la elasticidad y rigidez necesaria a la capsula aun estando en condiciones de humedad, intemperie o contacto con las bacterias y el sol, manteniendo su condición de degradación una vez que se deseche, especialmente en condiciones de compostaje.A new traceability capsule has been developed with materials that confer the necessary elasticity and rigidity to the capsule even in conditions of humidity, weather or contact with bacteria and the sun, maintaining its deteriorated condition once it is discarded, especially under composting conditions.
La cápsula puede ser utilizada en cualquier animal de granja de la gallina al cerdo con la diferente esperanza de vida, luego la cápsula debe mantener su funcionalidad entre tres meses y varias décadas, en diferentes condiciones climáticas y en diferentes entornos habitacionales. Por eso el uso de plásticos convencionales ha sido la solución rápida a este problema, aunque genera un grave problema de contaminación por residuos. La presente invención resuelve este problema.The capsule can be used in any farm animal from chicken to pig with different life expectancies, then the capsule must maintain its functionality between three months and several decades, in different climatic conditions and in different living environments. That is why the use of conventional plastics has been the quick solution to this problem, although it generates a serious problem of contamination by waste. The present invention solves this problem.
A la cápsula de la invención se le puede incorporar en su interior un dispositivo de trazabilidad RFID que se activa por cercanía donde se controla la trazabilidad y otros parámetros como vacunas, identificación, posibles interacciones con otros animales o rebaños, etc para controlar su estado de saludad, posición y ciclo de vida entre muchos otros parámetros. Debido a que las capsulas pueden contener en su interior este dispositivo, las paredes de las piezas deberán proteger el dispositivo de antena durante la vida útil, que puede variar de tres meses a décadas, manteniendo una rápida degradación en situación de compostaje una vez terminada la vida útil del aparato. La cápsula puede tener una fijación de tipo pin o abrazadera. La fijación tipo pin es una pequeña punta que atraviesa la cápsula de trazabilidad.An RFID traceability device that is activated by proximity can be incorporated into the capsule of the invention, where traceability and other parameters such as vaccines, identification, possible interactions with other animals or herds, etc. are controlled to control their state of health. greet, position and life cycle among many other parameters. Due to the fact that the capsules can contain this device inside, the walls of the pieces must protect the antenna device during its useful life, which can vary from three months to decades, maintaining rapid degradation in a composting situation once the process is over. useful life of the device. The capsule can have a pin or clamp type fixation. The pin attachment is a small spike that goes through the traceability capsule.
La presente invención muestra una variedad de mezclas aprovechando los diferentes materiales y sus propiedades con el fin de configurar un mismo producto pero que tenga diferentes periodos de vida útil. Por otro lado, las mezclas son compatibles con los procesos de fabricación industriales, especialmente por inyección. Buscando la textura, la fluidez y la temperatura adecuada para que sea factible su fabricación. En la mayoría de los materiales en estado puro hemos detectado que o no se cumple alguno de los requisitos de fabricación por inyección, ya sea por su baja temperatura de fusión que imposibilita la transformación, ya sea por dar como resultado piezas o muy rígidas o demasiado flexibles, que dan un producto defectuoso para su uso, o piezas que no cumplirían con las normativas de tiempo para compostaje, ya que su entorno de uso, como en el caso de los cerdos, era demasiado bacteriano y húmedo, o con el uso del PLA puro dan como resultado piezas demasiado duras y cristalinas para tiempos cortos de vida útil y difíciles de compostar. Se procedió a mezclar diferentes polímeros, con igual o diferentes orígenes hasta conseguir los objetivos propuestos. Se consiguió una mezcla de diferentes familias de polímeros que obtenía la duración óptima para uso, ya fuesen tres meses o años. Se consigue de esta forma unas prestaciones ideales para cada uso, ser vivo u objeto, teniendo todas en común la desintegración final en postaje de los materiales usados.The present invention shows a variety of mixtures taking advantage of the different materials and their properties in order to configure the same product but with different useful life periods. On the other hand, the mixtures are compatible with industrial manufacturing processes, especially by injection. Looking for texture, fluidity and suitable temperature for its manufacture to be feasible. In most of the materials in their pure state, we have detected that some of the injection manufacturing requirements are not met, either because of their low melting temperature that makes transformation impossible, or because they result in pieces that are either very rigid or too rigid. flexible, giving a defective product for use, or pieces that would not comply with the regulations of time for composting, since their environment of use, as in the case of pigs, was too bacterial and humid, or with the use of the Pure PLA results in pieces that are too hard and crystalline for short useful life times and are difficult to compost. Different polymers, with the same or different origins, were mixed until the proposed objectives were achieved. A mixture of different families of polymers was achieved that obtained the optimal duration for use, whether it was three months or years. In this way, ideal performance is achieved for each use, living being or object, all having in common the final disintegration in postage of the used materials.
Dividiendo los materiales en familias se consiguió distintos tiempos de desintegración por compostaje sin que la biodegradación del material, durante su ciclo de vida, sea un problema para el aparato. Así, las gallinas tendrían un aparato con un ciclo de vida más corto y las vacas otro de vida más largo, pero al final se descompondrían en compostaje sin contaminar.By dividing the materials into families, different disintegration times were achieved by composting without the biodegradation of the material, during its life cycle, being a problem for the device. Thus, the chickens would have a device with a shorter life cycle and the cows another one with a longer life, but in the end they would decompose in compost without contaminating.
En la cápsula de la invención se van a utilizar polímeros degradables. Se entiende como polímero capaz de degradarse los que superan indistintamente los parámetros de alguna de estas normativas. EN 13.432: 2000 "Requisitos de los envases y embalajes valorizables mediante compostaje y biodegradación", EN 14.855 "Determinación de la biodegradabilidad aeróbica final y desintegraci6n de materiales plásticos en condiciones de compostaje controladas", ASTM D6400-99 "Especificación Standard para los plásticos compostables", ASTM D5338-98 "Método de ensayo Standard para la determinaci6n de la degradación aeróbica de los materiales plásticos en condiciones controladas de compostaje", la norma ISO 14.851 sobre la "Determinación de la biodegradabilidad aer6bica final de los materiales plásticos en medio acuoso".Degradable polymers are going to be used in the capsule of the invention. Polymers capable of degrading are understood to be those that indistinctly exceed the parameters of any of these regulations. EN 13.432: 2000 "Requirements for containers and packaging that can be recovered through composting and biodegradation", EN 14.855 "Determination of the final aerobic biodegradability and disintegration of plastic materials under controlled composting conditions", ASTM D6400-99 "Standard specification for compostable plastics ", ASTM D5338-98 "Standard test method for the determination of the aerobic degradation of plastic materials under controlled composting conditions", the ISO 14.851 standard on "Determination of the final aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials in aqueous media" .
Los polímeros que puede comprender la cápsula de la invención son los siguientes:The polymers that the capsule of the invention may comprise are the following:
Polímeros del grupo A, plásticos de origen petroquímico y/o sintético. En concreto el grupo A son poliésteres alifáticos y poliésteres alifáticos aromáticos. Group A polymers, plastics of petrochemical and/or synthetic origin. Specifically group A are aliphatic polyesters and aromatic aliphatic polyesters.
Polímeros del grupo B, plásticos parcialmente biobasados, seleccionados entre, almidón y ácido poliláctico, polímeros biodegradables de origen fósil y sus mezclas.Group B polymers, partially biobased plastics, selected from starch and polylactic acid, biodegradable polymers of fossil origin and their mixtures.
El grupo C son los plásticos biobasados. Son aquellos que se fabrican a partir de la biomasa, generalmente plantas, algas y microorganismos. A diferencia de los biopolímeros que se generan directamente en la naturaleza, como el almidón, las proteínas, la lignina y el quitosano, los plásticos biobasados requieren de etapas de procesamiento químico antes de su utilización. Es importante señalar que el origen biobasado de un plástico no implica que éste sea biodegradable. Aunque hay casos como el del PLA o el PHA en el que se reúnen ambas condiciones en un solo material, la biodegradabilidad de un plástico depende de su estructura química, y no del proceso o la materia prima mediante la cual se haya producido. Por otro lado, hay que mencionar que ser biodegradable no implica ser compostable, ya que se necesitan unos parámetros de toxicidad y tiempo de desintegración que resulten en biomasa al final del proceso. El PLA siendo biodegradable no es compostable en la naturaleza, por lo que es un material, que siendo biodegradable solo es compostable en plantas industriales. De esta familia, los polímeros del grupo C se selecciona entre: PHA (polihidroxialcanoato), PHV (polihidroxivalerato), PHB (polihidroxibutirato), PHH (polihidroxihexanoato), PLA (ácido poliláctico), PDLA (poliácido D láctico), PDLLA (poliácido D, L láctico), TPS (almidón termoplástico), acetato de almidón, celulosa regenerada, acetato de celulosa o la celulosa bacteriana y PO3G (polipropanediol), poliamidas biodegradables Pa ( poliamidas) como la Pa-11 (poliamida 11).Group C are biobased plastics. They are those that are made from biomass, generally plants, algae and microorganisms. Unlike biopolymers that are generated directly in nature, such as starch, proteins, lignin and chitosan, biobased plastics require chemical processing steps before use. It is important to point out that the biobased origin of a plastic does not imply that it is biodegradable. Although there are cases such as PLA or PHA in which both conditions are met in a single material, the biodegradability of a plastic depends on its chemical structure, and not on the process or raw material by which it was produced. On the other hand, it should be mentioned that being biodegradable does not imply being compostable, since some parameters of toxicity and disintegration time are needed that result in biomass at the end of the process. PLA, being biodegradable, is not compostable in nature, so it is a material that, being biodegradable, is only compostable in industrial plants. From this family, the polymers of group C are selected from: PHA (polyhydroxyalkanoate), PHV (polyhydroxyvalerate), PHB (polyhydroxybutyrate), PHH (polyhydroxyhexanoate), PLA (polylactic acid), PDLA (poly-D-lactic acid), PDLLA (poly-D , L-lactic), TPS (thermoplastic starch), starch acetate, regenerated cellulose, cellulose acetate or bacterial cellulose and PO3G (polypropanediol), biodegradable polyamides Pa (polyamides) such as Pa-11 (polyamide 11).
El Grupo D, son polisacáridos.Group D are polysaccharides.
Por la tanto la invención se refiere a una capsula de trazabilidad que comprende:Therefore, the invention refers to a traceability capsule comprising:
Un polímero en un porcentaje en peso respecto al peso total comprendido entre el 50% peso/peso total y el 99% peso/peso total seleccionado entre:A polymer in a percentage by weight with respect to the total weight comprised between 50% weight/total weight and 99% weight/total weight selected from:
polímero del grupo A seleccionado entre poliésteres alifáticos y poliésteres alifáticos aromáticos,polymer of group A selected from aliphatic polyesters and aromatic aliphatic polyesters,
o del grupo B seleccionado entre almidón y ácido poliláctico y polímeros biodegradables de origen fósil y sus mezclas,or from group B selected from starch and polylactic acid and biodegradable polymers of fossil origin and their mixtures,
o del grupo C seleccionado entre: PHA (polihidroxialcanoato), PHV (polihidroxivalerato), PHB (polihidroxibutirato), PHH (polihidroxihexanoato), PLA (ácido poliláctico), PDLA (poliácido D láctico), PDLLA (poliácido D, L láctico), TPS (almidón termoplástico), acetato de almidón, celulosa regenerada, acetato de celulosa o la celulosa bacteriana y PO3G (polipropanediol).or from group C selected from: PHA (polyhydroxyalkanoate), PHV (polyhydroxyvalerate), PHB (polyhydroxybutyrate), PHH (polyhydroxyhexanoate), PLA (polylactic acid), PDLA (poly D-lactic acid), PDLLA (poly D, L-lactic acid), TPS (thermoplastic starch), starch acetate, regenerated cellulose, cellulose acetate or bacterial cellulose and PO3G (polypropanediol).
o del grupo D seleccionado entre un polisacárido;or from group D selected from a polysaccharide;
1% peso/peso total al 50% peso/peso total de una mezcla de al menos dos polímeros seleccionados entre polímeros del grupo A, B, C y/o D.1% weight/total weight to 50% weight/total weight of a mixture of at least two polymers selected from polymers from group A, B, C and/or D.
El peso total se refiere al peso de todos los compuestos que comprende la cápsula.Total weight refers to the weight of all the compounds comprising the capsule.
Descripción de una realización preferidaDescription of a preferred embodiment
De manera preferente el polímero del grupo A se selecciona entre: PEA (poli adipato de etileno), poliesteramida, PES (polieter sulfona), PBS (succinato de polibutileno), PBST (tereftalato-succinato de polibutileno), PBSA (poli butilén succinato-co-adipato), PCL (policaprolactona), PBSAT (tereftato de polibutileno succinato coadipato), PTMAT (poli (adipato de tetrametileno / tereftalato), PVOH (alcohol polivinílico) o PVA (acetato de poliinilo).Preferably, the polymer of group A is selected from: PEA (polyethylene adipate), polyesteramide, PES (polyether sulfone), PBS (polybutylene succinate), PBST (polybutylene terephthalate-succinate), PBSA (polybutylene succinate- co-adipate), PCL (polycaprolactone), PBSAT (polybutylene terephthalate succinate coadipate), PTMAT (poly (tetramethylene adipate/terephthalate), PVOH (polyvinyl alcohol), or PVA (polyinyl acetate).
De manera preferente el polímero del grupo B se selecciona entre: almidón y ácido poliláctico.Preferably, the polymer of group B is selected from: starch and polylactic acid.
De manera preferente el polímero del grupo D es un polisacárido obtenido a partir de biomasa como el almidón, la celulosa, el caucho, quitosanos, de proteínas como las gelatinas, el colágeno, zeínas, el gluten, soja o maíz, o lípidos como los triglicéridos.Preferably, the polymer of group D is a polysaccharide obtained from biomass such as starch, cellulose, rubber, chitosan, proteins such as gelatin, collagen, zeins, gluten, soy or corn, or lipids such as triglycerides.
Preferentemente para conferir mayor robustez a la pieza se puede añadir un relleno inorgánico no tóxico. Más preferentemente el relleno inorgánico se selecciona de sales de carbonato. Más preferentemente el relleno inorgánico no tóxico está comprendido entre el 1% peso/peso total y el 49% peso/peso total.Preferably, to give greater strength to the piece, a non-toxic inorganic filler can be added. More preferably the inorganic filler is selected from carbonate salts. More preferably, the non-toxic inorganic filler is between 1% weight/total weight and 49% weight/total weight.
Para facilitar y controlar la desintegración se puede añadir un aditivo orgánico oxidante. Más preferentemente el aditivo orgánico oxidante está comprendido entre un 1% peso/peso total y un 3% peso/peso total.To facilitate and control disintegration, an organic oxidizing additive can be added. More preferably, the oxidizing organic additive is comprised between 1% weight/total weight and 3% weight/total weight.
EJEMPLOSEXAMPLES
Los siguientes ejemplos tienen únicamente carácter ilustrativo de esta invención, y no deben ser interpretados en sentido limitativo de la misma. The following examples are only illustrative of this invention, and should not be interpreted in a limiting sense thereof.
En todos los ejemplos los métodos para cuantificar la capacidad de transmisión de color en las muestras preparadas son los siguientes.In all the examples the methods to quantify the color transmission capacity in the prepared samples are the following.
Ejemplo 1Example 1
Una mezcla polimérica compuesta de un 63% de PCL (policaprolactona), más un 20% de TPS (almidón termoplástico), más un 8% PHA (polihidroxialcanoatos), más un 8% de almidón, más un 1% de un agente orgánico oxidante.A polymer blend composed of 63% PCL (polycaprolactone), plus 20% TPS (thermoplastic starch), plus 8% PHA (polyhydroxyalkanoates), plus 8% starch, plus 1% organic oxidizing agent .
Nos da como resultado piezas con características de goma rígida, hidrófilo, resistente a la luz, y fácil desintegración.It gives us as a result pieces with characteristics of rigid rubber, hydrophilic, resistant to light, and easy to disintegrate.
Ejemplo 2Example 2
Una mezcla polimérica compuesta de un 55% de PBS (succinato de polibutileno), más un 18 % de TDLA, más un 15% de acetato de celulosa, más un 11% de una sal inerte como el carbonato cálcico, más un 1% de un agente orgánico oxidante.A polymer mixture composed of 55% PBS (polybutylene succinate), plus 18% TDLA, plus 15% cellulose acetate, plus 11% an inert salt such as calcium carbonate, plus 1% an organic oxidizing agent.
Flexible, duro, muy hidrofugo y desintegración lenta.Flexible, hard, very waterproof and slow disintegration.
Ejemplo 3Example 3
Una mezcla polimérica compuesta de un 67% de un termoplástico de mezclas de almidón con copolímeros biodegradables de origen fósil, más un 24% de mezcla de PLA (poliácido láctico) y PHA (polihidroxialcanoato) al 50%, más un 8% de almidón, más un 1% de un agente orgánico oxidante.A polymeric mixture composed of 67% of a thermoplastic of mixtures of starch with biodegradable copolymers of fossil origin, plus a 24% mixture of PLA (polylactic acid) and PHA (polyhydroxyalkanoate) at 50%, plus 8% starch, plus 1% of an organic oxidizing agent.
Nos da como resultado piezas con características de rígida, hidrófilo y rápida desintegración.It results in pieces with rigid, hydrophilic and rapid disintegration characteristics.
Ejemplo 4Example 4
Una mezcla polimérica compuesta de un 82% poliamida, más un 15% de mezcla de PLA (poliácido láctico) y un 3% de un agente orgánico oxidante.A polymer blend composed of 82% polyamide, plus a 15% PLA (polylactic acid) blend and 3% organic oxidizing agent.
Nos da como resultado piezas con características de semiflexible, alta resistencia mecánica, hidrófugo, resistente a la biodegradación ambiental y buena degradación en compostaje. It results in pieces with characteristics of semi-flexible, high mechanical strength, water-repellent, resistant to environmental biodegradation and good degradation in composting.
Claims (6)
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO2023126551A1 (en) * | 2022-01-03 | 2023-07-06 | Lopez Pozas Lanuza Luis Enrique | Traceability marker |
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| JP2003102308A (en) * | 2001-09-27 | 2003-04-08 | Fisheries Research Agency | Biodegradable marker for living thing |
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| US20090286060A1 (en) * | 2005-09-07 | 2009-11-19 | Massimiliano Sala | Degradable polymer article |
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| FR2673026A1 (en) * | 1991-02-18 | 1992-08-21 | Leuvrey Bernard | Element for identifying a wooden object |
| JP2003102308A (en) * | 2001-09-27 | 2003-04-08 | Fisheries Research Agency | Biodegradable marker for living thing |
| JP2003140550A (en) * | 2001-11-02 | 2003-05-16 | Munetetsu Shimizu | Tags using biodegradable resin |
| DE102005031825A1 (en) * | 2005-07-06 | 2007-01-11 | H. Hauptner Und Richard Herberholz Gmbh & Co Kg | Identifying element such as an animal ear tag, electrical or electronic housing or identity or credit card contains a plastic obtained from renewable materials |
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