ES2642416T3 - Multi-phase AC power converter and method to control a multi-phase AC power converter - Google Patents
Multi-phase AC power converter and method to control a multi-phase AC power converter Download PDFInfo
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- ES2642416T3 ES2642416T3 ES14171958.3T ES14171958T ES2642416T3 ES 2642416 T3 ES2642416 T3 ES 2642416T3 ES 14171958 T ES14171958 T ES 14171958T ES 2642416 T3 ES2642416 T3 ES 2642416T3
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013598 vector Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000008429 bread Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000004899 c-terminal region Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/21—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/217—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M7/23—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only arranged for operation in parallel
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
- H02M5/40—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc
- H02M5/42—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
- H02M5/44—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac
- H02M5/453—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M5/458—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/12—Arrangements for reducing harmonics from ac input or output
- H02M1/123—Suppression of common mode voltage or current
Description
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DESCRIPCIONDESCRIPTION
Convertidor de energla de CA multifasica y metodo para controlar un convertidor de energla de CA multifasicaMulti-phase AC power converter and method to control a multi-phase AC power converter
Las fuentes de alimentacion de CA de alto rendimiento son una herramienta muy importante para probar nuevos convertidores de electronica de energla suministrados por una red de CA monofasica o trifasica. Permiten comprobar el comportamiento del nuevo equipo bajo diferentes condiciones de funcionamiento, como la presencia de armonicos en la tension de alimentacion, y fallas de red como la perdida de una fase de una alimentacion trifasicaHigh-performance AC power supplies are a very important tool for testing new electronic power converters supplied by a single-phase or three-phase AC network. They allow checking the behavior of the new equipment under different operating conditions, such as the presence of harmonics in the supply voltage, and network failures such as the loss of a phase of a three-phase supply
[1] - [3]. Por consiguiente, un requisito importante para la fuente de CA es la generacion de tensiones equilibradas o desequilibradas, incluso CC, as! como el funcionamiento con cargas no equilibradas o no lineales, incluidas cargas monofasicas. En el caso de cargas con conexion a tierra, la fuente de CA debe asegurarse de que no circula corriente por el bucle de conexion a tierra que ocurre a traves de la conexion a tierra del punto en estrella de la red. Tambien es altamente deseable permitir la conexion en paralelo de dos o mas fuentes de CA, usandolas como modulos para aumentar la energla del sistema. Cualquier corriente que circula entre los modulos debe ser evitada.[1] - [3]. Therefore, an important requirement for the AC source is the generation of balanced or unbalanced voltages, including DC, as! such as operation with unbalanced or non-linear loads, including single-phase loads. In the case of grounding loads, the AC source must ensure that no current flows through the grounding loop that occurs through the grounding of the network star point. It is also highly desirable to allow parallel connection of two or more AC sources, using them as modules to increase system power. Any current flowing between the modules must be avoided.
Para gestionar cargas desequilibradas o no lineales, se incluye una cuarta pata en la etapa de salida que proporciona una conexion de punto neutro. Ademas, el uso de una cuarta pata permite aumentar el rango de tension de salida y reducir los condensadores de enlace de CC, en comparacion con la conexion directa del punto neutro de la carga al punto medio del enlace de CC [4] (vease la Figura 1). Modelado y control de sistemas de 4 piernas han sido estudiados en la literatura y se han propuesto varios esquemas de modulacion y control.To manage unbalanced or non-linear loads, a fourth leg is included in the output stage that provides a neutral point connection. In addition, the use of a fourth leg allows to increase the output voltage range and reduce the DC link capacitors, compared to the direct connection of the neutral point of the load to the midpoint of the DC link [4] (see Figure 1). Modeling and control of 4-leg systems have been studied in the literature and several modulation and control schemes have been proposed.
La mayorla de los esquemas de control consideran una transformacion de coordenadas usando un marco de referencia estatico o rotatorio y un circuito equivalente, representando el sistema de 4 patas como tres sistemas monofasicos [4] - [7], como se muestra en la Figura 2. El uso de la modulacion de ancho de pulso basada en portadoras (PWM) [8], as! como la modulacion de vector espacial (SVM) utilizando una representacion tridimensional de los vectores de tension han sido propuestos en la literatura [4], [9], [10] (vease la Figura 3). Todos estos enfoques consideran tensiones sinusoidales trifasicas y no son adecuados o facilmente aplicables si las tensiones de referencia pueden tener cualquier forma de onda programada, incluyendo CC.Most control schemes consider a coordinate transformation using a static or rotational reference frame and an equivalent circuit, representing the 4-leg system as three monophasic systems [4] - [7], as shown in Figure 2 The use of carrier-based pulse width modulation (PWM) [8], as! as the spatial vector modulation (SVM) using a three-dimensional representation of the tension vectors have been proposed in the literature [4], [9], [10] (see Figure 3). All these approaches consider three-phase sinusoidal voltages and are not suitable or easily applicable if the reference voltages can have any programmed waveform, including CC.
Teniendo en cuenta la fuente de CA como modulo, se pueden identificar tres tipos de corrientes de circulation: corrientes de secuencia cero, corrientes de conexion a tierra del modulo y, para modulos conectados en paralelo, corrientes de circulacion entre modulos. Las corrientes de secuencia cero circulan dentro del convertidor de energla y pueden controlarse para proporcionar alguna ventaja adicional en el funcionamiento del convertidor, por ejemplo, maximizar el rango de modulacion de salida del inversor. Las corrientes de conexion a tierra del modulo pueden aparecer cuando se suministra tension a cargas con conexion a tierra, ya que el punto en estrella de la red que alimenta la fuente de CA esta conectado a tierra. Este efecto es mas probable que aparezca con cargas desequilibradas, cargas no lineales y cargas activas. En consecuencia, el diseno del circuito de fuente de CA y el esquema de control deben considerar la mitigation de las corrientes de conexion a tierra del modulo, proporcionando una operation segura con cargas conectadas a tierra. La inclusion de una etapa de aislamiento podrla prevenir la aparicion de corrientes circulantes, pero requiere un mayor esfuerzo de implementation. Las corrientes dentro del modulo circulan entre modulos de fuente de CA conectados en paralelo y pueden generar una distribucion de energla irregular entre los modulos y la distorsion de las corrientes de entrada. Este problema ha sido discutido en la literatura considerando la conexion en paralelo de los rectificadores de fuente de tension [12] - [14], los rectificadores de fuente de corriente [15] y los inversores de fuente de tension [16], [17]. El esquema de control de cada modulo de fuente de CA debe considerar la regulation de las corrientes de secuencia cero en el lado de entrada para tener un funcionamiento equilibrado de los modulos sin corrientes entre modulos. En el lado de salida, se puede implementar una configuration maestro-esclavo de los modulos para garantizar un reparto equitativo de la corriente de carga.Taking into account the AC source as a module, three types of circulation currents can be identified: zero sequence currents, module grounding currents and, for parallel connected modules, circulation currents between modules. Zero sequence currents circulate within the energy converter and can be controlled to provide some additional advantage in the operation of the converter, for example, maximizing the inverter's output modulation range. The module grounding currents may appear when voltage is supplied to grounding loads, since the star point of the network that feeds the AC source is grounded. This effect is more likely to appear with unbalanced loads, non-linear loads and active loads. Consequently, the design of the AC source circuit and the control scheme should consider mitigation of the module grounding currents, providing safe operation with grounded loads. The inclusion of an isolation stage could prevent the appearance of circulating currents, but requires a greater effort of implementation. The currents within the module circulate between AC source modules connected in parallel and can generate an irregular distribution of energy between the modules and distortion of the input currents. This problem has been discussed in the literature considering the parallel connection of voltage source rectifiers [12] - [14], current source rectifiers [15] and voltage source inverters [16], [17 ]. The control scheme of each AC source module must consider the regulation of zero sequence currents on the input side to have a balanced operation of the modules without currents between modules. On the output side, a master-slave configuration of the modules can be implemented to ensure an equitable distribution of the load current.
El documento US 2005/140142 A1 divulga un convertidor de energla trifasico en el que los puntos en estrella de un filtro de entrada y de un filtro de salida, el punto medio de un enlace de CC y el punto medio de un puente adicional todos estan conectados a un punto neutro comun.Document US 2005/140142 A1 discloses a three-phase energy converter in which the star points of an input filter and an output filter, the midpoint of a DC link and the midpoint of an additional bridge are all connected to a common neutral point.
Existe la necesidad de un esquema de control para una fuente de alimentacion de CA trifasica de alto rendimiento con una etapa de salida de inversor de cuatro patas que reduce o elimina una corriente que circula a traves del bucle de conexion a tierra que ocurre a traves de la conexion a tierra de un punto en estrella de red. Ademas, existe la necesidad de un esquema de control que permita la conexion en paralelo de dos o mas fuentes de CA, utilizandolas como modulos para aumentar la energla del sistema y que reduzca o elimine las corrientes que circulan entre los modulos.There is a need for a control scheme for a high-performance three-phase AC power supply with a four-leg inverter output stage that reduces or eliminates a current flowing through the grounding loop that occurs through the ground connection of a network star point. In addition, there is a need for a control scheme that allows the parallel connection of two or more AC sources, using them as modules to increase the energy of the system and to reduce or eliminate the currents that circulate between the modules.
Por lo tanto, un objetivo de la invention es crear un esquema de control del tipo mencionado inicialmente que satisfaga una o mas de las necesidades mencionadas anteriormente.Therefore, an objective of the invention is to create a control scheme of the initially mentioned type that satisfies one or more of the needs mentioned above.
Para esto, se proporciona un metodo para controlar un convertidor de energla de CA multifasica, en el que el convertidor de energla comprendeFor this, a method is provided for controlling a multi-phase AC power converter, in which the power converter comprises
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• una etapa primaria multifasica para intercambiar energla electrica entre una fuente de tension multifasica y un enlace de CC;• a multi-phase primary stage for exchanging electrical energy between a multi-phase voltage source and a DC link;
• un filtro de entrada dispuesto entre la etapa primaria y los terminales de entrada que conectan el convertidor de energla a la fuente de tension multifasica;• an input filter arranged between the primary stage and the input terminals that connect the energy converter to the multi-phase voltage source;
• una etapa secundaria multifasica para intercambiar energla electrica entre el enlace de CC y fases de una carga multifasica, esta etapa secundaria comprende una pata de puente para cada una de las fases de la carga y una pata de puente adicional para un punto neutro de la carga;• a multi-phase secondary stage for exchanging electric energy between the DC link and phases of a multi-phase load, this secondary stage comprises a bridge leg for each of the phases of the load and an additional bridge leg for a neutral point of the load;
• comprendiendo el filtro de entrada un punto en estrella de filtro de entrada conectado a un punto medio del enlace de CC a traves de una capacitancia de conexion (Cmy).• the input filter comprising a star point of the input filter connected to a midpoint of the DC link through a connection capacitance (Cmy).
El metodo comprende las siguientes etapas para controlar una corriente de conexion a tierra (ignd) que fluye en el convertidor de energla:The method comprises the following steps to control a grounding current (ignd) flowing in the energy converter:
• un controlador externo que controla la corriente de conexion a tierra (ignd) a un valor de referencia (ignd), normalmente cero, generando un valor de referencia (u*my) para una tension a traves de la capacitancia de conexion (Cmy);• an external controller that controls the grounding current (ignd) at a reference value (ignd), usually zero, generating a reference value (u * m) for a voltage across the connection capacitance (Cmy) ;
• un controlador interno que controla la tension (umy) a traves de la capacitancia de conexion (Cmy) a su valor de referencia (umy) generando un valor de referencia (i*zs) para una corriente de secuencia cero que fluye a traves de la capacitancia de conexion (Cmy);• an internal controller that controls the voltage (umy) through the connection capacitance (Cmy) to its reference value (umy) by generating a reference value (i * zs) for a zero sequence current flowing through connection capacitance (Cmy);
• un controlador de corriente de secuencia cero que controla la corriente de secuencia cero (izs) a su valor de referencia (i*zs).• a zero sequence current controller that controls the zero sequence current (izs) at its reference value (i * zs).
En una realization, el convertidor de energla comprende un filtro de salida dispuesto entre la etapa secundaria y los terminales de salida que conectan el convertidor de energla a la carga, incluyendo el punto neutro de la carga, y en el que un punto en estrella del filtro de salida esta conectado al punto medio del enlace de CC; comprendiendo el metodo la etapa deIn one embodiment, the energy converter comprises an output filter disposed between the secondary stage and the output terminals that connect the energy converter to the load, including the neutral point of the load, and in which a star point of the output filter is connected to the midpoint of the DC link; the method comprising the stage of
• un circuito de action directa que anade un potencial (UNm) del punto neutro de la etapa secundaria al valor de referencia generado por el controlador exterior antes de introducirlo como valor de referencia (u*mi) al controlador interno.• a direct action circuit that adds a potential (UNm) from the neutral point of the secondary stage to the reference value generated by the external controller before entering it as a reference value (u * mi) to the internal controller.
En una realizacion, la fuente de tension es un sistema trifasico y la carga comprende tres conexiones de fase y una conexion de punto neutro a la energla de convertidor.In one embodiment, the voltage source is a three-phase system and the load comprises three phase connections and a neutral point connection to the converter energy.
El convertidor de energfa de CA multifasica, de acuerdo con una realizacion, comprendeThe multi-phase AC power converter, according to one embodiment, comprises
• una etapa primaria multifasica para intercambiar energla electrica entre una fuente de tension multifasica y un enlace de CC;• a multi-phase primary stage for exchanging electrical energy between a multi-phase voltage source and a DC link;
• un filtro de entrada dispuesto entre la etapa primaria y los terminales de entrada que conectan el convertidor de energla a la fuente de tension multifasica;• an input filter arranged between the primary stage and the input terminals that connect the energy converter to the multi-phase voltage source;
• una etapa secundaria multifasica para intercambiar energla electrica entre el enlace de CC y fases de una carga multifasica, esta etapa secundaria comprende una pata de puente para cada una de las fases de la carga y una pata de puente adicional para un punto neutro de la carga;• a multi-phase secondary stage for exchanging electric energy between the DC link and phases of a multi-phase load, this secondary stage comprises a bridge leg for each of the phases of the load and an additional bridge leg for a neutral point of the load;
• comprendiendo el filtro de entrada un punto en estrella de filtro de entrada conectado a un punto medio del enlace de CC a traves de una capacitancia de conexion (Cmy);• the input filter comprising an input filter star point connected to a midpoint of the DC link through a connection capacitance (Cmy);
• un filtro de salida dispuesto entre la etapa secundaria y los terminales de salida que conectan el convertidor de energla a la carga, incluido el punto neutro de la carga, y• an output filter arranged between the secondary stage and the output terminals that connect the energy converter to the load, including the neutral point of the load, and
• en el que un punto en estrella del filtro de salida esta conectado al punto medio del enlace de CC.• where a star point of the output filter is connected to the midpoint of the DC link.
En una realizacion, el convertidor de energla de CA multifasica, el filtro de salida, incluyendo elementos de filtro para el punto neutro, es un filtro simetrico.In one embodiment, the multi-phase AC power converter, the output filter, including filter elements for the neutral point, is a symmetric filter.
En una realizacion, el convertidor de energla de CA multifasica comprende un controlador para controlar corrientes de bucle de masa, en el que el controlador comprende las siguientes unidades implementadas en hardware y/o software para controlar una corriente de conexion a tierra (ignd) que fluye en el convertidor de energla:In one embodiment, the multi-phase AC power converter comprises a controller for controlling ground loop currents, in which the controller comprises the following units implemented in hardware and / or software to control a grounding current (ignd) that flows into the energy converter:
• up controlador externo dispuesto para controlar la corriente de conexion a tierra (ignd) a un valor de referencia (ignd) generando un valor de referencia (u*mi) para una tension a traves de la capacitancia de conexion (Cmi);• up external controller arranged to control the grounding current (ignd) at a reference value (ignd) generating a reference value (u * mi) for a voltage across the connection capacitance (Cmi);
• un controlador interno^ dispuesto para controlar la tension (umy) a traves de la capacitancia de conexion (Cmy) a su valor de referencia (umi) generando un valor de referencia (izs) para una corriente de secuencia cero que fluye hacia la capacitancia de conexion (Cmy);• an internal controller ^ arranged to control the voltage (umy) through the connection capacitance (Cmy) to its reference value (umi) generating a reference value (izs) for a zero sequence current flowing to the capacitance connection (Cmy);
• un controlador de corriente de secuencia cero dispuesto para controlar la corriente de secuencia cero (izs) a su valor de referencia (i*zs).• a zero sequence current controller arranged to control the zero sequence current (izs) at its reference value (i * zs).
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En una realizacion, el convertidor de energla de CA multifasica comprende un controlador para el potencial (UNm) en el punto neutro de la etapa secundaria que maximiza el rango de tension para las otras tres fases de salida.In one embodiment, the multi-phase AC power converter comprises a potential controller (UNm) at the neutral point of the secondary stage that maximizes the voltage range for the other three output phases.
La etapa de salida o etapa secundaria, por ejemplo, un inversor de cuatro patas puede utilizar un esquema de control orientado a la fase, que permite el funcionamiento independiente de cada fase de la fuente de alimentacion con cualquier tipo de referencias de tension y cualquier tipo de carga. El potencial neutro de la etapa de salida uNm puede ser controlado para el rango maximo de la modulacion en caso de carga flotante y controlado a cero para la carga conectada a tierra. El esquema de control del rectificador PWM de entrada considera el control de las tensiones de secuencia cero para evitar la aparicion de una corriente de masa del modulo y de las corrientes entre modulos, permitiendo el funcionamiento con cargas conectadas a tierra y la conexion en paralelo de varios modulos de fuente de alimentacion de CA.The output stage or secondary stage, for example, a four-legged inverter can use a phase-oriented control scheme, which allows the independent operation of each phase of the power supply with any type of voltage references and any type loading The neutral potential of the output stage uNm can be controlled for the maximum modulation range in case of floating load and controlled to zero for the grounded load. The control scheme of the input PWM rectifier considers the control of zero sequence voltages to avoid the occurrence of a module mass current and the currents between modules, allowing operation with grounded loads and the parallel connection of various modules of AC power supply.
En una realizacion, el convertidor de energla de CA de fase multiple comprende un circuito de accion directa dispuesto para anadir un potencial (UNm) del punto neutro de la etapa secundaria al valor de referencia generado por el controlador exterior antes de introducirlo como valor de referencia (u*my) al controlador interno.In one embodiment, the multiple phase AC power converter comprises a direct acting circuit arranged to add a potential (UNm) of the neutral point of the secondary stage to the reference value generated by the external controller before entering it as a reference value. (u * my) to the internal controller.
En resumen, se presenta un esquema de control para una fuente de alimentacion de CA trifasica (o multifasica) de alto rendimiento. La etapa de salida del inversor de cuatro patas utiliza tres patas de puente para generar las tensiones de salida de fase con referencia al potencial de punto neutro, que esta definido por la cuarta pata de puente. El inversor se controla mediante un control orientado a la fase para lograr un control preciso de cada fase de salida con tensiones desequilibradas y cualquier tipo de carga. El potencial neutro de la etapa de salida de cuatro se controla para el rango maximo de modulacion en caso de carga flotante y controlado a cero para carga conectada a tierra. El esquema de control para la etapa de rectificador de PWM de entrada considera el control de la tension de secuencia cero para evitar la aparicion de corrientes de circulacion a traves del bucle de masa cuando el punto en estrella de carga esta conectado a masa. El control de las corrientes de circulacion tambien permite la conexion en paralelo segura de dos o mas fuentes de CA.In summary, a control scheme for a high-performance three-phase (or multi-phase) AC power supply is presented. The output stage of the four-legged inverter uses three bridge legs to generate the phase output voltages with reference to the neutral point potential, which is defined by the fourth bridge leg. The inverter is controlled by a phase-oriented control to achieve precise control of each output phase with unbalanced voltages and any type of load. The neutral potential of the output stage of four is controlled for the maximum modulation range in case of floating load and zero controlled for grounded load. The control scheme for the input PWM rectifier stage considers zero sequence voltage control to prevent the appearance of circulation currents through the ground loop when the load star point is connected to ground. The control of the circulation currents also allows the safe parallel connection of two or more AC sources.
Los resultados de la simulacion bajo condiciones equilibradas y desequilibradas demuestran el desempeno de la fuente de CA en terminos de control de la tension de salida y prevencion de corrientes de conexion a tierra circulantes.The simulation results under balanced and unbalanced conditions demonstrate the performance of the AC source in terms of control of the output voltage and prevention of circulating grounding currents.
Los ejemplos a continuacion y las explicaciones anteriores mencionan sistemas trifasicos, pero se aplican mutatis mutandis a sistemas multifasicos.The examples below and the above explanations mention three-phase systems, but mutatis mutandis apply to multiphasic systems.
Otras realizaciones son evidentes a partir de las reivindicaciones de patente dependientes. Las caracterlsticas de las reivindicaciones del metodo pueden combinarse con caracterlsticas de las reivindicaciones del dispositivo y viceversa.Other embodiments are apparent from the dependent patent claims. The features of the method claims can be combined with features of the device claims and vice versa.
El objetivo de la invention se explicara con mas detalle en el siguiente texto con referencia a ejemplos de realizacion que se ilustran en los dibujos adjuntos, en los que:The aim of the invention will be explained in more detail in the following text with reference to examples of embodiment illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which:
Las figuras 1a y 1b juntas muestran la topologla de un convertidor multifasico;Figures 1a and 1b together show the topology of a multi-phase converter;
Las figuras 2a y 2b juntas muestran elementos de medicion y control:Figures 2a and 2b together show measurement and control elements:
La figura 3 muestra un circuito equivalente de corriente de bucle de masa;Figure 3 shows an equivalent circuit of ground loop current;
La figura 4 muestran dos convertidores conectados en paralelo; yFigure 4 shows two converters connected in parallel; Y
Las figuras 5-8, trayectorias de tensiones y corrientes para diferentes cargas.Figures 5-8, paths of voltages and currents for different loads.
En principio, partes identicas estan provistas de los mismos slmbolos de referencia en las figuras.In principle, identical parts are provided with the same reference symbols in the figures.
El circuito de energla de un convertidor que funciona como una fuente de CA considerada en este trabajo se muestra en Figura 1. El convertidor de energla se basa en la topologla de punto neutro (NPC) de tres niveles. En el lado de entrada, un rectificador de fuente de tension trifasica proporciona tensiones de enlace de CC controladas y corrientes de entrada sinusoidales. Se incluye un filtro de entrada y se supone que el punto neutro de la rejilla esta conectado a tierra. El punto en estrella de los condensadores de filtro y esta conectado al punto medio del enlace de CC m a traves de otro condensador Cmy, permitiendo el control del potencial de punto medio con respecto a la conexion tierra. El lado de salida tiene cuatro patas con filtros LC que proporcionan tres tensiones de salida controladas en los terminales de fase A, B y C y en la terminal neutra N. Las tensiones de salida se definen con respecto a la terminal de neutro N y se puede controlar de forma independiente. El control de la cuarta etapa se utiliza para maximizar el rango de tension de salida de las tres fases de salida o para ser cero en caso de cargas conectadas a tierra (suponiendo que la modulacion de la etapa de entrada esta sin tension de secuencia cero). La carga puede ser equilibrada o desequilibrada, lineal o no lineal, y con o sin conexion a masa.The power circuit of a converter that functions as an AC source considered in this work is shown in Figure 1. The power converter is based on the three-level neutral point topology (NPC). On the input side, a three-phase voltage source rectifier provides controlled DC link voltages and sinusoidal input currents. An inlet filter is included and it is assumed that the grid's neutral point is grounded. The star point of the filter capacitors and is connected to the midpoint of the DC link m through another Cmy capacitor, allowing the control of the midpoint potential with respect to the ground connection. The output side has four legs with LC filters that provide three controlled output voltages at phase A, B and C terminals and at neutral terminal N. The output voltages are defined with respect to neutral terminal N and are You can control independently. The fourth stage control is used to maximize the output voltage range of the three output phases or to be zero in the case of grounded loads (assuming that the modulation of the input stage is without zero sequence voltage) . The load can be balanced or unbalanced, linear or non-linear, and with or without ground connection.
En la figura 2 se muestra una posible realizacion para el esquema de control para la etapa de salida. Cada fase se controla independientemente usando una estructura en cascada con un bucle de control de corriente interno y un bucle de control de tension externo, incluyendo opcionalmente bucles de alimentacion de las corrientes de fase de carga y tensiones de referencia. La referencia para la fase N se puede calcular para maximizar el rango de tensionA possible embodiment for the control scheme for the output stage is shown in Figure 2. Each phase is independently controlled using a cascading structure with an internal current control loop and an external voltage control loop, optionally including power supply loop currents and reference voltages. The reference for phase N can be calculated to maximize the voltage range
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de las otras tres fases de salida:of the other three output phases:
* _ min(u^, uBN, u*cn) + max(u*ANtu*BN, u*CN)* _ min (u ^, uBN, u * cn) + max (u * ANtu * BN, u * CN)
uNm - 2 'uNm - 2 '
En el caso de conexion a tierra de la fase N, la tension de referencia se pone a cero, es decir, u*Nm = 0.In the case of grounding of phase N, the reference voltage is set to zero, that is, u * Nm = 0.
Como se muestra en Figura 2, un regulador PI regula la corriente de conexion a tierra ignd con un valor de referencia igual a cero. La salida de este controlador y un bucle de avance de alimentation de la tension neutra de salida UNm genera la tension de referencia umy. El segundo controlador PI regula la tension del condensador umy y su salida es el valor de referencia para el controlador de corriente de secuencia cero. Este tercer controlador proporciona un control rapido de la corriente de secuencia cero izs y genera la referencia para la tension de secuencia cero u0m.As shown in Figure 2, a PI regulator regulates the ignd grounding current with a reference value equal to zero. The output of this controller and a feed forward loop of the neutral output voltage UNm generates the reference voltage umy. The second PI controller regulates the umy capacitor voltage and its output is the reference value for the zero sequence current controller. This third controller provides rapid control of the zero sequence current izs and generates the reference for the zero sequence voltage u0m.
En la etapa de entrada, un regulador PI regula la tension total del enlace de CC uCC y genera la referencia para la amplitud de la corriente de fase de entrada I, incluyendo un bucle de avance de avance de la corriente de salida isaiida, que puede obtenerse a partir de las variables del controlador de la etapa de salida:In the input stage, a PI regulator regulates the total voltage of the DC uCC link and generates the reference for the amplitude of the input phase current I, including a forward loop of advance of the isaiide output current, which can Obtained from the controller variables of the output stage:
Se utiliza un filtro de media movil para la tension del enlace de CC uCC y corriente de carga isalida con el fin de evitar distorsiones en las corrientes de entrada debidas a variaciones periodicas de la tension de enlace de CC generada por el funcionamiento desequilibrado de la etapa de salida, por ejemplo, con una carga monofasica.A mobile average filter is used for the voltage of the DC uCC link and isalid load current in order to avoid distortions in the input currents due to periodic variations of the DC link voltage generated by the unbalanced stage operation output, for example, with a single-phase load.
Para otra explication del esquema de control para la corriente de conexion a tierra, considere la Figura 3: el lado de entrada de la fuente de CA se modela en terminos de las componentes de secuencia cero de las tensiones y corrientes del convertidor y del circuito equivalente de modo comun del filtro de entrada. La etapa de salida (a la derecha del punto medio m) considera solamente los elementos que afectan al comportamiento de la corriente de conexion a tierra, es decir, la tension en el punto neutro N, con respecto al punto medio m del enlace de CC y la conexion a tierra de la carga. Cuando se conecta una carga conectada a tierra en los terminales de salida, la tension de salida del punto neutro uNm define el potential del punto medio m con respecto a la conexion de tierra. Por esta razon, la tension de salida de referencia uNm se pone a cero para el funcionamiento con una carga conectada a tierra. Como se puede observar en la Figura 2, la corriente de conexion a tierra puede ser controlada por medio de la tension umy. La tension de salida uNm puede considerarse como una perturbation en el bucle de control. La referencia para la tension umy puede ser modificado por el componente de corriente de secuencia cero izs. Esta idea corresponde a la estructura de control en cascada como se muestra en la Figura 2.For another explanation of the control scheme for the grounding current, consider Figure 3: the input side of the AC source is modeled in terms of the zero sequence components of the voltages and currents of the converter and the equivalent circuit common mode of the input filter. The output stage (to the right of the midpoint m) considers only the elements that affect the behavior of the grounding current, that is, the voltage at the neutral point N, with respect to the midpoint m of the DC link and the ground connection of the load. When a grounded load is connected to the output terminals, the output voltage of the neutral point uNm defines the potential of the midpoint m with respect to the ground connection. For this reason, the reference output voltage uNm is set to zero for operation with a grounded load. As can be seen in Figure 2, the grounding current can be controlled by means of the umy voltage. The output voltage uNm can be considered as a perturbation in the control loop. The reference for voltage umy can be modified by the zero sequence current component izs. This idea corresponds to the cascade control structure as shown in Figure 2.
El esquema de control proporciona las siguientes ventajas:The control scheme provides the following advantages:
a) Control independiente de cada fase de salida,a) Independent control of each output phase,
b) Operation con cualquier tipo de referencia de tension de salida (no limitada a tensiones trifasicas equilibradas),b) Operation with any type of output voltage reference (not limited to balanced three-phase voltages),
c) Operacion con cualquier tipo de carga (equilibrada/no equilibrada, lineal/no lineal, flotante/conexion a tierra),c) Operation with any type of load (balanced / unbalanced, linear / nonlinear, floating / grounding),
d) Prevention de las corrientes de circulation del terreno y de las corrientes circulantes entre modulos.d) Prevention of land circulation currents and circulating currents between modules.
Se introduce un bucle de control para la tension en el terminal de salida N para:A control loop is introduced for the voltage at the output terminal N for:
e) Maximization del rango de tension de salida para cargas flotantes,e) Maximization of the output voltage range for floating loads,
f) Prevencion de corrientes de circulacion de conexion a tierra para cargas conectadas a tierra.f) Prevention of grounding circulation currents for loads connected to ground.
El control de la secuencia cero y de las corrientes de circulacion permite el funcionamiento seguro de dos o mas fuentes de CA.The control of the zero sequence and the circulation currents allows the safe operation of two or more AC sources.
El control del lado de entrada se puede implementar usando diferentes marcos de referencia para las corrientes y tensiones:The input side control can be implemented using different reference frames for currents and voltages:
g) Control de las tres fases (abc),g) Control of the three phases (abc),
h) Coordenadas ortogonales (ap0),h) Orthogonal coordinates (ap0),
i) Marco de referencia giratorio (dq0).i) Rotating reference frame (dq0).
El ejemplo en la Figura 2 utiliza coordenadas ap0 para el control de corriente.The example in Figure 2 uses coordinates ap0 for current control.
La Figura 4 muestra una conexion en paralelo de dos convertidores o fuentes de CA. Cuando dos o mas fuentes de CA estan conectadas en paralelo, el esquema de control de cada fuente de CA permanece igual en el lado deFigure 4 shows a parallel connection of two AC converters or sources. When two or more AC sources are connected in parallel, the control scheme of each AC source remains the same on the side of
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entrada, pero se puede implementar un esquema maestro-esclavo para las etapas de salida. Esto significa que solo una fuente de CA realiza el control de las tensiones de salida (maestro) y proporciona las referencias actuales para las otras fuentes de CA (esclavos). La Figura 4 muestra las referencias de tension de salida y corriente que pasan del modulo maestro M al modulo esclavo S.input, but a master-slave scheme can be implemented for the output stages. This means that only one AC source controls the output voltages (master) and provides current references for the other AC sources (slaves). Figure 4 shows the references of output voltage and current that pass from the master module M to the slave module S.
Las Figuras 5-6 muestran trayectorias simuladas de tensiones y corrientes para cargas desequilibradas y tensiones desequilibradas. El punto en estrella de la carga trifasica se conecta a N. En cada figura, las trayectorias son, de arriba a abajo,Figures 5-6 show simulated trajectories of voltages and currents for unbalanced loads and unbalanced voltages. The star point of the three-phase load is connected to N. In each figure, the paths are, from top to bottom,
• las tensiones de salida con referencia al punto neutro (Uan, Ubn, Ucn)• the output voltages with reference to the neutral point (Uan, Ubn, Ucn)
• las tensiones de salida con referencia al punto medio (UAm, UBm, Ucm, UNm)• the output voltages with reference to the midpoint (UAm, UBm, Ucm, UNm)
• las corrientes de salida (iA, iB, ic, iN• output currents (iA, iB, ic, iN
La Figura 5 muestra una carga desequilibrada. La carga desequilibrada presenta una resistencia 200 % mayor en la fase C. La Figura 6 muestra una carga no lineal con tensiones no equilibradas (un rectificador de puente de diodo). Ademas, cada fase se controla para funcionar como una fuente independiente: fase A con una referencia sinusoidal de 50 Hz, fase B con referencia sinusoidal de 100 Hz y fase C como fuente de CC.Figure 5 shows an unbalanced load. The unbalanced load has a 200% higher resistance in phase C. Figure 6 shows a non-linear load with unbalanced voltages (a diode bridge rectifier). In addition, each phase is controlled to function as an independent source: phase A with a 50 Hz sinusoidal reference, phase B with 100 Hz sinusoidal reference and phase C as the DC source.
Las Figuras 7-8 muestran el efecto del control de corriente de conexion a tierra: en ambos casos, el convertidor funciona con tensiones de salida trifasicas equilibradas y carga desequilibrada. La carga desequilibrada presenta una resistencia 200 % mayor en la fase C. En cada figura, las trayectorias son, de arriba a abajo,Figures 7-8 show the effect of grounding current control: in both cases, the converter operates with balanced three-phase output voltages and unbalanced load. The unbalanced load has a 200% greater resistance in phase C. In each figure, the paths are, from top to bottom,
• corrientes de entrada (ia, ib, ic)• input currents (ia, ib, ic)
• corriente de conexion a tierra (ignd)• grounding current (ignd)
• tension medio (um, pe)• medium tension (um, pe)
La Figura 7 muestra las trayectorias sin control de corriente de conexion a tierra.Figure 7 shows the paths without grounding current control.
La Figura 8 muestra las trayectorias con control de corriente de conexion a tierra.Figure 8 shows the paths with grounding current control.
Aunque la invencion se ha descrito en las presentes realizaciones, se entiende claramente que la invencion no se limita a la misma, sino que puede ser de otra manera incorporada de manera diversa y practicada dentro del alcance de las reivindicaciones.Although the invention has been described in the present embodiments, it is clearly understood that the invention is not limited thereto, but may otherwise be incorporated in a diverse manner and practiced within the scope of the claims.
REFERENCIASREFERENCES
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[7] M. Ryan, " Analysis, modeling and control of three-phase, four-wire sine wave inverter systems", Ph.D. disertacion, Universidad de Wisconsin - Madison, 1997.[7] M. Ryan, "Analysis, modeling and control of three-phase, four-wire sine wave inverter systems", Ph.D. dissertation, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1997.
[8] J H. Kim y S.-K. Sul, "A carrier-based PWM method for three-phase four-leg voltage source converters", IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 19, n.° 1, paginas 66-75, ene. 2004.[8] J H. Kim and S.-K. Sul, "A carrier-based PWM method for three-phase four-leg voltage source converters", IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 19, No. 1, pages 66-75, Jan. 2004
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[10] R. Zhang, V. Prasad, D. Boroyevich y F. Lee, "Three-dimensional space vector modulation for four-leg voltage-source converters", IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 17, n.° 3, paginas 314-326, mayo de 2002.[10] R. Zhang, V. Prasad, D. Boroyevich and F. Lee, "Three-dimensional space vector modulation for four-leg voltage-source converters", IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 17, No. 3, pages 314-326, May 2002.
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[12] Z. Ye, D. Boroyevich, J.-Y. Choi y F. Lee, "Control of circulating current in two parallel three-phase boost rectifiers", IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 17, n.° 5, paginas 609-615, Sept. 2002.[12] Z. Ye, D. Boroyevich, J.-Y. Choi and F. Lee, "Control of circulating current in two parallel three-phase boost rectifiers", IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 17, No. 5, pages 609-615, Sept. 2002
[13] C.-T. Pan y Y.-H. Liao, "Modeling and coordinate control of circulating currents in parallel three-phase boost rectifiers", IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, n.° 2, paginas 825-838, abril de 2007.[13] C.-T. Bread and Y.-H. Liao, "Modeling and coordinate control of circulating currents in parallel three-phase boost rectifiers", IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, No. 2, pages 825-838, April 2007.
5 [14] -, "Modeling and control of circulating currents for parallel three-phase boost rectifiers with different load5 [14] -, "Modeling and control of circulating currents for parallel three-phase boost rectifiers with different load
sharing", IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, n.° 7, paginas 2776-2785, julio de 2008.sharing ", IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, No. 7, pages 2776-2785, July 2008.
[15] M. Baumann y J. Kolar, "Parallel connection of two three-phase three-switch buck-type unity-power-factor rectifier systems with dc-link current balancing", IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, n.° 6, paginas 3042 - 3053, dic. 2007.[15] M. Baumann and J. Kolar, "Parallel connection of two three-phase three-switch buck-type unity-power-factor rectifier systems with dc-link current balancing", IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, No. 6, pages 3042-3053, Dec. 2007
10 [16] H. Shan, Y. Zhang, M. Yu, Y. Kang, Y. Liu, M. Yin y H. Li, "The novel strategy of restraining circulating10 [16] H. Shan, Y. Zhang, M. Yu, Y. Kang, Y. Liu, M. Yin and H. Li, "The novel strategy of restraining circulating
currents in distributed logical-control on parallel inverter system", en Procedimientos de la Conferencia Internacional sobre Maquinas y Sistemas Electricos (ICEMS 2009), noviembre de 2009, paginas 1 - 5.currents in distributed logical-control on parallel inverter system ", in Proceedings of the International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS 2009), November 2009, pages 1 - 5.
[17] S. Ji, Y. Yong y Q. Chunqing, "Control of circulating current for direct parallel grid-connected inverters in photovoltaic power generation", en Actas de la Conferencia Internacional sobre Mecatronica y Automatizacion 15 (ICMA 2009), agosto de 2009, paginas 3805 -3810.[17] S. Ji, Y. Yong and Q. Chunqing, "Control of circulating current for direct parallel grid-connected inverters in photovoltaic power generation", in Proceedings of the International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation 15 (ICMA 2009), August of 2009, pages 3805-3810.
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| KR102169390B1 (en) * | 2019-04-30 | 2020-10-23 | 아주대학교산학협력단 | Method and system for operating parallel inverter connected to grid |
| CN110995115B (en) * | 2019-12-23 | 2023-01-03 | 深圳市凌康技术有限公司 | Improved three-dimensional space vector modulation method and system |
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