ES2634143T3 - Screw compressor with integral bearing cover and impeller discharge chamber divider - Google Patents

Screw compressor with integral bearing cover and impeller discharge chamber divider Download PDF

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Publication number
ES2634143T3
ES2634143T3 ES06850018.0T ES06850018T ES2634143T3 ES 2634143 T3 ES2634143 T3 ES 2634143T3 ES 06850018 T ES06850018 T ES 06850018T ES 2634143 T3 ES2634143 T3 ES 2634143T3
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Prior art keywords
compressor
housing
bearing cover
discharge
chambers
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ES06850018.0T
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Spanish (es)
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Bruce A. Fraser
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Carrier Corp
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Carrier Corp
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C18/00—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04C18/08—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing
    • F04C18/12—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of other than internal-axis type
    • F04C18/14—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of other than internal-axis type with toothed rotary pistons
    • F04C18/16—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of other than internal-axis type with toothed rotary pistons with helical teeth, e.g. chevron-shaped, screw type
    • F04C18/165—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of other than internal-axis type with toothed rotary pistons with helical teeth, e.g. chevron-shaped, screw type having more than two rotary pistons with parallel axes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C18/00—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04C18/08—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing
    • F04C18/082—Details specially related to intermeshing engagement type pumps
    • F04C18/086—Carter
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C29/00—Component parts, details or accessories of pumps or pumping installations, not provided for in groups F04C18/00 - F04C28/00
    • F04C29/0021—Systems for the equilibration of forces acting on the pump
    • F04C29/0035—Equalization of pressure pulses
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C29/00—Component parts, details or accessories of pumps or pumping installations, not provided for in groups F04C18/00 - F04C28/00
    • F04C29/06—Silencing
    • F04C29/065—Noise dampening volumes, e.g. muffler chambers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C29/00—Component parts, details or accessories of pumps or pumping installations, not provided for in groups F04C18/00 - F04C28/00
    • F04C29/06—Silencing
    • F04C29/068—Silencing the silencing means being arranged inside the pump housing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C2240/00—Components
    • F04C2240/30—Casings or housings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C2240/00—Components
    • F04C2240/50—Bearings

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Applications Or Details Of Rotary Compressors (AREA)

Abstract

Un compresor (20) que comprende: al menos tres rotores de tornillo (24, 26 y 28), cada uno de dichos rotores de tornillo tiene un vástago (30), dicho compresor (20) para suministrar un fluido comprimido a cada una de al menos dos lumbreras de descarga separadas (40) en una carcasa (22) de compresor; cojinetes recibidos en cámaras (34) de cojinetes y que soportan cada uno de dicho tres vástagos (30) de dichos al menos tres rotores de tornillo (24, 26 y 28); y un superficie (106) de cubierta de cojinetes que cierra dichas cámaras (34) de cojinetes para cada uno de dichos cojinetes, una carcasa de descarga (100) que incluye una pared divisora (102) para proporcionar una cámara de descarga separada (104) que se comunica con cada una de dichas lumbreras de descarga (40), de manera que un fluido comprimido en el compresor (20) pasa la cubierta (106) de cojinetes, y a través de las cámaras de descarga separadas (104), a un uso aguas abajo, caracterizado por que dicha pared divisora (102) y dicha cubierta (106) de cojinetes se forman ambas integralmente con la carcasa de descarga (100), dicha pared divisora (102) se extiende sobre una extensión relativamente delgada comparada con dicha cubierta (106) de cojinetes, y se agranda para combinarse en dicha cubierta (106) de cojinetes.A compressor (20) comprising: at least three screw rotors (24, 26 and 28), each of said screw rotors has a stem (30), said compressor (20) to supply a compressed fluid to each of at least two separate discharge ports (40) in a compressor housing (22); bearings received in bearing chambers (34) and each supporting said three rods (30) of said at least three screw rotors (24, 26 and 28); and a bearing cover surface (106) closing said bearing chambers (34) for each of said bearings, a discharge housing (100) including a dividing wall (102) to provide a separate discharge chamber (104 ) that communicates with each of said discharge ports (40), such that a fluid compressed in the compressor (20) passes the bearing cover (106), and through the separate discharge chambers (104), to downstream use, characterized in that said dividing wall (102) and said bearing cover (106) are both integrally formed with discharge housing (100), said dividing wall (102) extends over a relatively thin extension compared to said bearing cover (106), and is enlarged to combine into said bearing cover (106).

Description

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DESCRIPCIONDESCRIPTION

Compresor de tornillo con cubierta de cojinete integral y divisor de camara de descarga impelente ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCIONScrew compressor with integral bearing cover and impeller discharge chamber divider BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Esta solicitud esta relacionada con un compresor de tornillo, en donde un divisor separa la salida de dos camaras de descarga, y en donde una cubierta de cojinete se forma integralmente con una carcasa de descarga que proporciona la pared divisora.This request is related to a screw compressor, where a splitter separates the output of two discharge chambers, and where a bearing cover is integrally formed with a discharge housing that provides the dividing wall.

Se conocen compresores de tornillo, y tfpicamente incluyen una pluralidad de rotores rotatorios, que cada uno tiene rosca de tornillo externa. Las roscas de tornillo encajan entre sf con roscas de tornillo en los otros rotores para definir camaras de compresion. Se comprime un fluido atrapado, y se suministra hacia una ubicacion aguas abajo. Un tipo conocido de compresor de tornillo incluye tres rotores, y define dos camaras de compresion. Estas dos camaras de compresion tfpicamente han suministrado fluido comprimido a una camara de descarga impelente comun. La descarga de fluido a una camara comun puede estar algo desfasada, y puede dar como resultado un aumento de pulsacion y perdidas y ruido no deseables.Screw compressors are known, and typically include a plurality of rotary rotors, each having an external screw thread. The screw threads fit between each other with screw threads in the other rotors to define compression chambers. A trapped fluid is compressed, and supplied to a downstream location. A known type of screw compressor includes three rotors, and defines two compression chambers. These two compression chambers have typically supplied compressed fluid to a common impeller discharge chamber. The discharge of fluid to a common chamber may be somewhat outdated, and may result in increased pulsation and undesirable losses and noise.

Asf, en la tecnica anterior se conoce como proporcionar una pared divisora que separa una salida desde las dos camaras hasta que llegan a una ubicacion aguas abajo. Tfpicamente, un alojamiento de salida incluye dos pasos de flujo distintos. El alojamiento de salida se conecta a una carcasa de descarga que incluye una pared divisora para definir los dos pasos de flujo.Thus, in the prior art it is known as providing a dividing wall that separates an outlet from the two chambers until they reach a downstream location. Typically, an output housing includes two different flow steps. The outlet housing is connected to a discharge housing that includes a dividing wall to define the two flow steps.

Adicionalmente, tfpicamente se ha proporcionado una cubierta de cojinetes para cubrir cojinetes montados en el alojamiento de salida para cada uno de los tres rotores. En la tecnica anterior, tal como los documentos US 6 976 833 B2 y US 2006/0065478 A1, la cubierta de cojinetes se forma por separado de la carcasa de descarga. Un espacio entre la pared divisora y la cubierta de cojinetes ha permitido un flujo cruzado entre los dos pasos.Additionally, a bearing cover is typically provided to cover bearings mounted in the outlet housing for each of the three rotors. In the prior art, such as US 6 976 833 B2 and US 2006/0065478 A1, the bearing cover is formed separately from the discharge housing. A space between the dividing wall and the bearing cover has allowed a cross flow between the two steps.

COMPENDIO DE LA INVENCIONSUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

La invencion proporciona un compresor segun la reivindicacion 1.The invention provides a compressor according to claim 1.

En la realizacion descrita, se forma un compresor de tornillo con tres rotores. Cada uno de los tres rotores tiene arboles que se montan en cojinetes. Los cojinetes estan fijados dentro de un alojamiento de salida. El alojamiento de salida se fija a una carcasa de compresor. Una cubierta de cojinetes se forma integralmente con una carcasa de descarga, como lo es una pared divisora. El alojamiento de salida proporciona dos pasos de descarga separados que se comunican con dos camaras de compresion separadas. Los dos pasos de descarga separados permiten al fluido fluir aguas abajo a dos camaras impelentes o pasos de flujo separados. Las camaras impelentes separadas son definidas por la pared divisora y la cubierta de cojinetes integral en la carcasa de descarga. Como la cubierta de cojinetes y la carcasa de descarga se forman como piezas integrales, no hay superficies complejas que se deban sellar entre las dos y no hay fugas entre las camaras impelentes. En un sentido, la cubierta de cojinetes forma una parte de la pared divisora.In the described embodiment, a screw compressor with three rotors is formed. Each of the three rotors has trees that are mounted on bearings. The bearings are fixed inside an outlet housing. The output housing is fixed to a compressor housing. A bearing cover is integrally formed with a discharge housing, as is a dividing wall. The output housing provides two separate discharge steps that communicate with two separate compression chambers. The two separate discharge passages allow the fluid to flow downstream to two impending chambers or separate flow passages. Separate impending chambers are defined by the dividing wall and the integral bearing cover in the discharge housing. As the bearing cover and the discharge housing are formed as integral parts, there are no complex surfaces to be sealed between the two and there are no leaks between the impending chambers. In one sense, the bearing cover forms a part of the dividing wall.

Estas y otras caractensticas se pueden entender mejor a partir de la siguiente memoria descriptiva y dibujos, a continuacion hay una breve descripcion.These and other features can be better understood from the following description and drawings, below is a brief description.

BREVE DESCRIPCION DE LOS DIBUJOSBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

La figura 1 es una vista en despiece ordenado de un compresor de la tecnica anterior.Figure 1 is an exploded view of a prior art compressor.

La figura 2 muestra la caractenstica de cubierta de cojinetes del compresor de la tecnica anterior.Figure 2 shows the bearing cover characteristic of the prior art compressor.

La figura 3 es una vista de extremo de una cubierta y una carcasa de descarga de compresor integrales.Figure 3 is an end view of an integral compressor discharge housing and housing.

La figura 4 es una vista en perspectiva de un lado del componente inventivo de compresor.Figure 4 is a perspective view of one side of the inventive compressor component.

La figura 5 es una vista en perspectiva desde el lado opuesto del componente inventivo de compresor. DESCRIPCION DETALLADA DE LAS REALIZACIONES PREFERIDASFigure 5 is a perspective view from the opposite side of the inventive compressor component. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

En la figura 1 se ilustra un compresor 20, como se conoce en la tecnica anterior. Una carcasa 22 de compresor lleva rotores de tornillo 24, 26 y 28. Como se conoce, los rotores de tornillo tienen roscas que encajan entre sf para comprimir e impulsar un refrigerante hacia una camara de descarga 38. En un extremo opuesto entra refrigerante a traves de una entrada 140. Los rotores 24, 26 y 28 tienes arboles 30 que se montan dentro de conjuntos de cojinetes 32. Los conjuntos de cojinetes 32 se extienden a dos camaras 34 en un alojamiento de salida 36.A compressor 20 is illustrated in Figure 1, as is known in the prior art. A compressor housing 22 has screw rotors 24, 26 and 28. As is known, screw rotors have threads that fit between each other to compress and drive a refrigerant towards a discharge chamber 38. At one opposite end, refrigerant enters through of an inlet 140. Rotors 24, 26 and 28 have shafts 30 that are mounted within bearing assemblies 32. Bearing assemblies 32 extend to two chambers 34 in an outlet housing 36.

El alojamiento de salida 36 incluye pasos 40 que se comunican con las camaras de descarga 38 y sirven para suministrar el fluido comprimido aguas abajo sin permitir que el fluido de las dos camaras 38 sea flujo cruzado.The outlet housing 36 includes passages 40 that communicate with the discharge chambers 38 and serve to supply the compressed fluid downstream without allowing the fluid of the two chambers 38 to be cross flow.

Una carcasa de descarga 46 incluye camaras 50 que se comunican con los pasos 40. Una pared divisora 48 divide las dos camaras 50, de manera que el fluido comprimido no se mezclara hasta aguas abajo de la carcasa de descarga 46. Sin embargo, la pared divisora 48 y la cubierta 42 de cojinetes generalmente no han estado en el mismo plano en el extremo del alojamiento de salida 36. Asf, ha existido un espacio entre las dos piezas separadas, 5 que ha permitido fugas. La figura 2 muestra la cubierta 42 de la tecnica anterior.A discharge housing 46 includes chambers 50 that communicate with steps 40. A divider wall 48 divides the two chambers 50, so that the compressed fluid will not mix until downstream of the discharge housing 46. However, the wall Divider 48 and bearing cover 42 generally have not been in the same plane at the end of the outlet housing 36. Thus, there has been a gap between the two separate pieces, 5 which has allowed leakage. Figure 2 shows the cover 42 of the prior art.

La figura 3 muestra una carcasa de descarga 100 inventiva. Como se muestra, una pared divisora 102 todavfa divide y separa las camaras 104. Sin embargo, la cubierta 106 de cojinetes se forma integralmente con esta pared 102.Figure 3 shows an inventive discharge housing 100. As shown, a dividing wall 102 still divides and separates the chambers 104. However, the bearing cover 106 is integrally formed with this wall 102.

Asf, como se muestra en la figura 4, la cubierta 106 de cojinetes se combina en la pared divisora 102. No hay fugas entre la pared 102 y la cubierta 106 ya que se forman integralmente. Las dos camaras 104 se mantienen asf 10 separadas por la formacion relativamente simple del componente integral. En un sentido, la cubierta de cojinetes forma una parte de la pared.Thus, as shown in Figure 4, the bearing cover 106 is combined in the dividing wall 102. There is no leakage between the wall 102 and the cover 106 as they are integrally formed. The two cameras 104 are thus maintained 10 separated by the relatively simple formation of the integral component. In one sense, the bearing cover forms a part of the wall.

La figura 5 es una vista en perspectiva del lado opuesto, y muestra las camaras 104 separadas por la pared 102. Como se puede apreciar en las varias figuras, la pared divisora 102 es relativamente delgada comparada con la cubierta 106 de cojinetes. La pared divisora 102 tambien se extiende sobre la mayor parte de la longitud axial de la 15 carcasa de descarga 100. Adyacente a un extremo de la carcasa de descarga 100 que topa en el alojamiento de salida 20, la pared divisora de descarga 102 se combina para ser mas gruesa, y proporciona la cubierta 106 de cojinetes.Figure 5 is a perspective view of the opposite side, and shows the chambers 104 separated by the wall 102. As can be seen in the various figures, the partition wall 102 is relatively thin compared to the bearing cover 106. The dividing wall 102 also extends over most of the axial length of the discharge housing 100. Adjacent to one end of the discharge housing 100 that bumps into the outlet housing 20, the discharge dividing wall 102 is combined to be thicker, and provides bearing cover 106.

Aunque se ha descrito una realizacion preferida de esta invencion, un experto en la tecnica reconocera que determinadas modificaciones entran dentro del alcance de esta invencion. Por esa razon, deben estudiarse las 20 siguientes reivindicaciones para determinar el verdadero alcance y contenido de esta invencion.Although a preferred embodiment of this invention has been described, one skilled in the art will recognize that certain modifications fall within the scope of this invention. For that reason, the following 20 claims should be studied to determine the true scope and content of this invention.

Claims (3)

REIVINDICACIONES 1. Un compresor (20) que comprende:1. A compressor (20) comprising: al menos tres rotores de tornillo (24, 26 y 28), cada uno de dichos rotores de tornillo tiene un vastago (30), dicho compresor (20) para suministrar un fluido comprimido a cada una de al menos dos lumbreras de descarga 5 separadas (40) en una carcasa (22) de compresor;at least three screw rotors (24, 26 and 28), each of said screw rotors has a rod (30), said compressor (20) for supplying a compressed fluid to each of at least two separate discharge ports 5 (40) in a compressor housing (22); cojinetes recibidos en camaras (34) de cojinetes y que soportan cada uno de dicho tres vastagos (30) de dichos al menos tres rotores de tornillo (24, 26 y 28); ybearings received in bearing chambers (34) and bearing each of said three stems (30) of said at least three screw rotors (24, 26 and 28); Y un superficie (106) de cubierta de cojinetes que cierra dichas camaras (34) de cojinetes para cada uno de dichos cojinetes, una carcasa de descarga (100) que incluye una pared divisora (102) para proporcionar una camara de 10 descarga separada (104) que se comunica con cada una de dichas lumbreras de descarga (40), de manera que un fluido comprimido en el compresor (20) pasa la cubierta (106) de cojinetes, y a traves de las camaras de descarga separadas (104), a un uso aguas abajo,a bearing cover surface (106) that closes said bearing chambers (34) for each of said bearings, a discharge housing (100) that includes a dividing wall (102) to provide a separate discharge chamber (104 ) which communicates with each of said discharge ports (40), so that a compressed fluid in the compressor (20) passes the bearing cover (106), and through the separate discharge chambers (104), to a downstream use, caracterizado por que dicha pared divisora (102) y dicha cubierta (106) de cojinetes se forman ambas integralmente con la carcasa de descarga (100), dicha pared divisora (102) se extiende sobre una extension relativamente delgada 15 comparada con dicha cubierta (106) de cojinetes, y se agranda para combinarse en dicha cubierta (106) de cojinetes.characterized in that said partition wall (102) and said bearing cover (106) are both integrally formed with the discharge housing (100), said partition wall (102) extends over a relatively thin extension 15 compared to said cover (106) ) of bearings, and is enlarged to be combined in said bearing cover (106). 2. El compresor (20) presentado en la reivindicacion 1, en donde dichas camaras (34) de cojinetes se posicionan dentro de un alojamiento de salida (36), dicho alojamiento de salida (36) topa en dicho alojamiento (22) de compresor, y dicha carcasa de descarga (100) se asegura a dicho alojamiento de salida (36).2. The compressor (20) presented in claim 1, wherein said bearing chambers (34) are positioned within an outlet housing (36), said outlet housing (36) bumps into said compressor housing (22) , and said discharge housing (100) is secured to said output housing (36). 20 3. El compresor (20) que se presenta en la reivindicacion 1, en donde dicha pared divisora (102) se extiende laThe compressor (20) presented in claim 1, wherein said dividing wall (102) extends the mayor parte de una longitud axial de la carcasa de descarga (100), y la cubierta (106) de cojinetes se forma generalmente adyacente a un extremo de la carcasa de descarga (100).most of an axial length of the discharge housing (100), and the bearing cover (106) is generally formed adjacent to one end of the discharge housing (100). 4. El compresor (20) de cualquier reivindicacion anterior en donde dichos rotores de tornillo (30) encajan entre sf para definir dos camaras de compresion, y el fluido comprimido es un refrigerante.4. The compressor (20) of any preceding claim wherein said screw rotors (30) fit together to define two compression chambers, and the compressed fluid is a refrigerant.
ES06850018.0T 2006-12-26 2006-12-26 Screw compressor with integral bearing cover and impeller discharge chamber divider Active ES2634143T3 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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PCT/US2006/049289 WO2008079131A1 (en) 2006-12-26 2006-12-26 Screw compressor with integral bearing cover and discharge plenum divider

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US (1) US20100135839A1 (en)
EP (1) EP2097615B1 (en)
CN (1) CN101778999B (en)
ES (1) ES2634143T3 (en)
HK (1) HK1146418A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2008079131A1 (en)

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CN110685912A (en) 2019-10-10 2020-01-14 兑通真空技术(上海)有限公司 Structure for connecting multi-shaft multi-stage roots pump rotors

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US20100135839A1 (en) 2010-06-03
CN101778999B (en) 2011-08-17
EP2097615B1 (en) 2017-07-12
HK1146418A1 (en) 2011-06-03
WO2008079131A1 (en) 2008-07-03
EP2097615A1 (en) 2009-09-09
EP2097615A4 (en) 2013-02-13
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