ES2588385B1 - ELECTRICAL GENERATOR DEVICE THAT INCLUDES A FUEL BATTERY - Google Patents
ELECTRICAL GENERATOR DEVICE THAT INCLUDES A FUEL BATTERY Download PDFInfo
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- ES2588385B1 ES2588385B1 ES201530435A ES201530435A ES2588385B1 ES 2588385 B1 ES2588385 B1 ES 2588385B1 ES 201530435 A ES201530435 A ES 201530435A ES 201530435 A ES201530435 A ES 201530435A ES 2588385 B1 ES2588385 B1 ES 2588385B1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04186—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of liquid-charged or electrolyte-charged reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
Dispositivo generador eléctrico que incorpora una pila de combustible.#Se describe una pila de combustible (1) en la que el canal de circulación del electrolito (24) es de material poroso, y un dispositivo que incorpora dicha pila de combustible (1) y un aparato (2) productor de hidrógeno que alimenta de hidrógeno a la pila de combustible (1). En una realización preferente el aparato (2) productor de hidrógeno está integrado con la pila de combustible (1) y está concebido para generar hidrógeno que es dirigido a la pila de combustible (1).Electric generating device incorporating a fuel cell. # A fuel cell (1) is described in which the electrolyte circulation channel (24) is made of porous material, and a device incorporating said fuel cell (1) and a hydrogen producing apparatus (2) that feeds hydrogen to the fuel cell (1). In a preferred embodiment the hydrogen producing apparatus (2) is integrated with the fuel cell (1) and is designed to generate hydrogen which is directed to the fuel cell (1).
Description
DISPOSITIVO GENERADOR ELECTRICO QUE INCORPORA UNA PILA DEELECTRICAL GENERATOR DEVICE INCLUDING A BATTERY OF
COMBUSTIBLEFUEL
DESCRIPCIONDESCRIPTION
55
OBJETO DE LA INVENCIONOBJECT OF THE INVENTION
La presente invencion da a conocer un dispositivo generador que incorpora una pila de combustible.The present invention discloses a generating device that incorporates a fuel cell.
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El dispositivo incluye un aparato productor de hidrogeno y la propia pila de combustible, de tal modo conectados, que en el aparato se producen reacciones que producen hidrogeno y este hidrogeno alimenta a la pila de combustible para generar energia electrica.The device includes a hydrogen-producing apparatus and the fuel cell itself, thereby connected, that hydrogen-producing reactions occur in the apparatus and this hydrogen feeds the fuel cell to generate electrical energy.
15 ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCION15 BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Son conocidos diversos dispositivos que utilizan reacciones quimicas para llevar a cabo procesos como, por ejemplo, los calentadores quimicos utilizados en los procesos de amplification de ADN son calentadores que, generalmente, no requieren energia electrica 20 alguna y que, como desventaja, carecen de medios de alimentation de instrumentation asociada al proceso de calentamiento tales como, detectores de presencia de hidrogeno, indicadores de funcionamiento, entre otros.Various devices are known that use chemical reactions to carry out processes such as, for example, the chemical heaters used in the DNA amplification processes are heaters that generally do not require any electrical energy and that, as a disadvantage, lack means of instrumentation feed associated with the heating process such as hydrogen presence detectors, performance indicators, among others.
Un ejemplo de calentador de este tipo se aplica, entre otros, al amplificador de acido 25 nucleico que se da a conocer en el articulo "A simple, inexpensive device for nucleic acid amplification without electricity—toward instrument-free molecular diagnostics in low- resource settings," de LaBarre, P., Hawkins, K., Gerlach, J., Wilmouth, J., Beddoe, A., Singleton, J., Boyle, D., and Weigl, B., publicado en PLoS One, 6(5), e19738 (2011). Ademas, son conocidas en el mercado diversas pilas de combustible que utilizan hidrogeno 30 como material combustible para generar energia electrica.An example of such a heater applies, among others, to the nucleic acid amplifier 25 which is disclosed in the article "A simple, inexpensive device for nucleic acid amplification without electricity — toward instrument-free molecular diagnostics in low-resource settings, "by LaBarre, P., Hawkins, K., Gerlach, J., Wilmouth, J., Beddoe, A., Singleton, J., Boyle, D., and Weigl, B., published in PLoS One, 6 (5), e19738 (2011). In addition, various fuel cells that use hydrogen 30 as a combustible material to generate electrical energy are known in the market.
Por ejemplo, el documento DE3814160 da a conocer una pila de combustible que comprende, por una parte, un electrolito que se dispone estanco entre dos electrodos,For example, document DE3814160 discloses a fuel cell comprising, on the one hand, an electrolyte that is arranged tightly between two electrodes,
igualmente estancos, en los que el anodo se alimenta de un contenedor de hidrogeno y el catodo se alimenta de un contenedor de oxigeno.equally tight, in which the anode feeds on a hydrogen container and the cathode feeds on an oxygen container.
Una estructura de pila de combustible similar se da a conocer en el documento 5 JPH09283155. Sin embargo, ambos documentos dan a conocer dispositivos que requierenA similar fuel cell structure is disclosed in document 5 JPH09283155. However, both documents disclose devices that require
fuentes espedficas de hidrogeno y oxigeno y no se orientan al reaprovechamiento de hidrogeno procedente de reacciones qdmicas dentro de un dispositivo.specific sources of hydrogen and oxygen and are not aimed at the reuse of hydrogen from chemical reactions within a device.
Las pilas de combustible de estos dos documentos son pilas de combustible de electrolito 10 estatico, en particular, la pila del documento DE3814160 es una pila cuyo electrolito es NaOH estancado en un filtro y la pila del documento JPH09283155 es una pila con una membrana de electrolito polimerico (Nafion) que, de igual manera, no dispone de flujo de electrolito alguno.The fuel cells of these two documents are static electrolyte fuel cells 10, in particular, the battery of document DE3814160 is a battery whose electrolyte is stagnant NaOH in a filter and the battery of document JPH09283155 is a battery with an electrolyte membrane polymer (Nafion) that, in the same way, does not have any electrolyte flow.
15 Disponer de un electrolito estanco tiene, entre otros, el problema de que los productos qdmicos generados en la reaccion como, por ejemplo, carbonatos pueden quedar depositados sobre el electrolito modificando sus propiedades fisico-qdmicas, ademas, existe el problema de la gestion del agua que se pueda generar en los electrodos que puede llegar a bloquear los sitios de reaccion en los electrodos o, incluso, limitar la reaccion 20 necesaria para la generation de la energia electrica.15 Having a waterproof electrolyte has, among others, the problem that the chemical products generated in the reaction such as carbonates can be deposited on the electrolyte by modifying its physical-chemical properties, and there is also the problem of managing the water that can be generated in the electrodes that can block the reaction sites in the electrodes or even limit the reaction 20 necessary for the generation of electric energy.
La modification de este tipo de pilas de combustible para disponer un electrolito que fluya de manera que pueda evitar los problemas anteriormente mencionados presentaria el inconveniente de que necesitaria, por una parte, disponer de bombas de fluido de 25 electrolitos y, por otra, tener fuentes de hidrogeno y oxigeno dedicadas a las celdas de combustible que requieren recargas habituales.The modification of this type of fuel cells to provide an electrolyte that flows so that it can avoid the aforementioned problems would have the disadvantage that it would need, on the one hand, to have 25 electrolyte fluid pumps and, on the other, to have sources of hydrogen and oxygen dedicated to fuel cells that require regular refills.
En ciertas aplicaciones en las que se utilizan las pilas de combustible como fuente de generacion electrica principal, se puede disponer de bombas para hacer fluir electrolito y de 30 fuentes de hidrogeno dedicadas que mantengan unos niveles aceptables de hidrogeno asi como los sistemas de monitorizacion de los niveles y de la calidad necesarios para que la energia electrica generada sea lo mas uniforme posible. Sin embargo, en aplicaciones en las que la generacion de energia es un procedimiento secundario para reaprovechar gasesIn certain applications in which fuel cells are used as the main source of electricity generation, pumps can be used to flow electrolyte and 30 dedicated hydrogen sources that maintain acceptable levels of hydrogen as well as monitoring systems for levels and quality necessary for the generated electrical energy to be as uniform as possible. However, in applications where power generation is a secondary procedure to reuse gases
de desecho de otros procesos qwmicos, resulta inaceptable el consumo electrico que tienen dichas bombas ademas de sus sistemas de control asociados.of disposal of other chemical processes, it is unacceptable the electrical consumption that these pumps have in addition to their associated control systems.
DESCRIPCION DE LA INVENCIONDESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
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Con el fin de solucionar los problemas que presentan los dispositivos de la tecnica anterior, la presente invention da a conocer un dispositivo generador electrico que incorpora una pila de combustible y un aparato productor de hidrogeno, en el que la pila de combustible es del tipo que comprende un catodo con una entrada de oxigeno, un anodo con una 10 entrada de hidrogeno y un canal de circulation de electrolito, donde el anodo y el catodo se encuentran conectados al canal de circulacion de electrolito, en el que el canal de circulacion de electrolito es un material poroso, preferentemente un material con base de papel, donde el flujo del electrolito se realiza por capilaridad.In order to solve the problems presented by prior art devices, the present invention discloses an electric generating device that incorporates a fuel cell and a hydrogen producing apparatus, in which the fuel cell is of the type that It comprises a cathode with an oxygen inlet, an anode with a hydrogen inlet and an electrolyte circulation channel, where the anode and cathode are connected to the electrolyte circulation channel, in which the electrolyte circulation channel It is a porous material, preferably a paper-based material, where electrolyte flow is performed by capillarity.
15 Complementariamente se ha previsto que la pila de combustible incorpore un material absorbente conectado a un extremo del canal que mantendria el flujo capilar despues de que el canal se haya llenado. El material absorbente realizaria la fuerza de suction que mantendria al electrolito fluyendo a traves de dicho canal evitando la necesidad de emplear una bomba como sucede en otras aplicaciones.In addition, it is envisioned that the fuel cell incorporates an absorbent material connected to one end of the channel that would maintain capillary flow after the channel has been filled. The absorbent material would realize the suction force that would keep the electrolyte flowing through said channel avoiding the need to use a pump as in other applications.
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Por otra parte la fuente de oxigeno que entra en contacto con el catodo puede ser una entrada de aire atmosferico o alternativamente se puede utilizar un contendor de oxigeno o cualquier sustancia oxidante.On the other hand, the source of oxygen that comes into contact with the cathode can be an atmospheric air inlet or alternatively an oxygen container or any oxidizing substance can be used.
25 El aparato productor de hidrogeno conectado a la pila de combustible dispone de una entrada de materia prima con capacidad de generar hidrogeno, una camara de tratamiento o reaction conectada a la entrada de materia prima y una salida de hidrogeno conectada a la camara de reaccion, donde la salida de hidrogeno se encuentra a su vez conectada a la entrada de hidrogeno de la pila de combustible, de tal modo que el aparato alimenta de 30 hidrogeno a la pila de combustible para que esta genere energia electrica.25 The hydrogen producing apparatus connected to the fuel cell has a raw material input capable of generating hydrogen, a treatment or reaction chamber connected to the raw material input and a hydrogen outlet connected to the reaction chamber, where the hydrogen outlet is in turn connected to the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell, so that the apparatus feeds hydrogen to the fuel cell so that it generates electrical energy.
En una posible realization el aparato puede ser por ejemplo un calentador quimico o un amplificador de acido nucleico que generan hidrogeno como subproducto que es dirigido aIn a possible embodiment, the apparatus can be, for example, a chemical heater or a nucleic acid amplifier that generates hydrogen as a byproduct that is directed to
la pila de combustible.the fuel cell
El aparato productor de hidrogeno puede tener una utilidad concreta, como es el caso de los referidos en el parrafo anterior, y desprender hidrogeno, el cual es conducido a la pila 5 de combustible. En otra realization el aparato productor de hidrogeno es un aparato concebido ex profeso para generar hidrogeno que es dirigido a la pila de combustible. Preferentemente se contempla que el dispositivo disponga del aparato productor de hidrogeno integrado con la pila de combustible, preferentemente formando un conjunto compacto.The hydrogen producing apparatus can have a specific utility, as is the case of those referred to in the previous paragraph, and release hydrogen, which is conducted to the fuel cell 5. In another embodiment, the hydrogen-producing apparatus is an apparatus specifically designed to generate hydrogen that is directed to the fuel cell. It is preferably contemplated that the device has the hydrogen producing apparatus integrated with the fuel cell, preferably forming a compact assembly.
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El dispositivo puede concebirse de modo que tenga una vida limitada para la aplicacion pretendida, por lo que se puede decir que en este caso es desechable o de un solo uso.The device can be designed to have a limited life for the intended application, so it can be said that in this case it is disposable or for single use.
En una posible realizacion el aparato productor de hidrogeno es un aparato calentador en 15 el que se produce una reaction exotermica en la camara de reaction generando calor e hidrogeno.In a possible embodiment the hydrogen producing apparatus is a heating apparatus in which an exothermic reaction is produced in the reaction chamber generating heat and hydrogen.
Se ha previsto que la entrada de materia prima este constituida por un material poroso, preferentemente de base de papel, y que el canal de la pila de combustible comprenda 20 igualmente un material poroso, preferentemente de base de papel, cada una de ellas impregnadas con materiales que al mojarse con un liquido, por ejemplo agua, van a determinar por un lado la generation de hidrogeno en el aparato y a continuation el flujo del electrolito en el canal de la pila que va a generar energia electrica.It is envisioned that the input of raw material is constituted by a porous material, preferably of paper base, and that the fuel cell channel also comprises a porous material, preferably of paper base, each impregnated with materials that when wet with a liquid, for example water, will determine on the one hand the generation of hydrogen in the apparatus and then the flow of the electrolyte in the channel of the battery that will generate electrical energy.
25 En un posible ejemplo de realizacion la entrada de materia prima del aparato esta constituida por una base de papel en la que se encuentra una primera sal, tal como NaCl, y la camara de reaccion incorpora un material capaz de producir hidrogeno, tal como por ejemplo Mg, MgFe, Al,NaBH4, H3NBH3 o NaSi, y el canal de la pila de combustible comprende igualmente una base de papel en la que se encuentra una segunda sal, por 30 ejemplo KOH.In a possible embodiment, the input of the raw material of the apparatus is constituted by a paper base in which a first salt is found, such as NaCl, and the reaction chamber incorporates a material capable of producing hydrogen, such as by example Mg, MgFe, Al, NaBH4, H3NBH3 or NaSi, and the fuel cell channel also comprises a paper base on which a second salt is found, for example KOH.
Al anadir una muestra liquida, por ejemplo agua, sobre la entrada de materia prima se produce una solution salina (por ejemplo de NaCl) que fluye por capilaridad hacia laWhen adding a liquid sample, for example water, a saline solution (for example of NaCl) is produced on the raw material inlet, which flows by capillarity towards the
camara de reaccion en donde entra en contacto con la aleacion de MgFe produciendo hidrogeno; este gas se dirige por la salida de hidrogeno hacia el anodo de la pila de combustible. Por otra parte la aplicacion de la muestra liquida sobre el canal de la pila de combustible produce una solucion electrolrtica por ejemplo de KOH, que fluye por 5 capilaridad por el canal de la pila de combustible, permitiendo el funcionamiento de la pila y por tanto la generation de energia electrica a partir del hidrogeno suministrado por el aparato.reaction chamber where it comes into contact with the MgFe alloy producing hydrogen; This gas is directed through the hydrogen outlet to the anode of the fuel cell. On the other hand, the application of the liquid sample on the fuel cell channel produces an electrolytic solution for example of KOH, which flows by capillarity through the fuel cell channel, allowing the battery to function and therefore the generation of electrical energy from the hydrogen supplied by the device.
Se ha previsto la posibilidad de que la camara de reaccion de producto incorpore en su 10 salida una membrana hidrofobica porosa que separa los fluidos para permitir unicamente al hidrogeno, en forma de gas, acceder a la salida de hidrogeno que conecta con el anodo de la pila.The possibility of the product reaction chamber incorporating a porous hydrophobic membrane that separates the fluids to allow only the hydrogen, in the form of gas, to access the hydrogen outlet that connects with the anode of the product is provided in its outlet. battery.
La camara de reaccion puede incorporar en su entrada al menos una valvula para bloquear 15 el retorno del hidrogeno hacia la entrada de materia prima, obligando asi al hidrogeno a salir por la membrana hidrofobica porosa. Alternativamente, en lugar de la valvula, se contempla la posibilidad de que la entrada de materia prima se conciba en un material poroso expandible en contacto con liquido que determina que la resistencia fluidica con la que se encuentra el hidrogeno al intentar salir por la entrada sea mayor que la que se 20 encuentra al salir a traves de la membrana hidrofobica porosa.The reaction chamber may incorporate at its entrance at least one valve to block the return of hydrogen to the raw material inlet, thus forcing the hydrogen out of the porous hydrophobic membrane. Alternatively, instead of the valve, the possibility is contemplated that the raw material inlet is conceived in an expandable porous material in contact with liquid that determines that the fluidic resistance with which the hydrogen is encountered when trying to exit through the inlet is greater than that found when exiting through the porous hydrophobic membrane.
DESCRIPCION DE LOS DIBUJOSDESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
25 Estas y otras caracteristicas y ventajas de la invention, se pondran mas claramente de manifiesto a partir de la description detallada que sigue de las formas preferidas de realization, dadas unicamente a trtulo de ejemplo ilustrativo y no limitativo, con referencia a las figuras que se acompanan.These and other features and advantages of the invention will become more clearly apparent from the following detailed description of the preferred forms of realization, given only by way of illustrative and non-limiting example, with reference to the figures that are accompany.
30 La figura 1 muestra una vista esquematica de un dispositivo segun la presente invencion.Figure 1 shows a schematic view of a device according to the present invention.
La figura 2 es una vista esquematica de una pila de combustible del tipo aplicable al dispositivo de la figura 1.Figure 2 is a schematic view of a fuel cell of the type applicable to the device of Figure 1.
La figura 3 muestra, de forma esquematica, un ejemplo de dispositivo segun la presente invention en la que el aparato es un amplificador de acido nucleico.Figure 3 shows, schematically, an example of a device according to the present invention in which the apparatus is a nucleic acid amplifier.
5 La figura 4 muestra una vista en perspectiva de una section de un segundo ejemplo de realization de la presente invencion.5 Figure 4 shows a perspective view of a section of a second embodiment of the present invention.
La figura 5 muestra una vista en perspectiva de una seccion de un tercer ejemplo de realizacion de la presente invencion.Figure 5 shows a perspective view of a section of a third embodiment of the present invention.
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La figura 6 muestra una vista en perspectiva de una seccion de un cuarto ejemplo de realizacion de la presente invencion.Figure 6 shows a perspective view of a section of a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
La figura 7 muestra un ejemplo de realizacion de una pila de combustible segun la presente 15 invencion junto con sus respectivas mediciones de voltaje, corriente y potencia.Figure 7 shows an example of carrying out a fuel cell according to the present invention together with their respective voltage, current and power measurements.
La figura 8 muestra un quinto ejemplo de realizacion del dispositivo que integra el aparato, espedficamente concebido para generar hidrogeno, con la pila de combustible.Figure 8 shows a fifth embodiment of the device that integrates the apparatus, specifically designed to generate hydrogen, with the fuel cell.
20 La figura 9 muestra una realizacion alternativa a la prevista en la figura 8 en la que asimismo el dispositivo integra el aparato y la pila.20 Figure 9 shows an alternative embodiment to that provided in Figure 8 in which the device also integrates the apparatus and the battery.
La figura 10 muestra los mismos elementos que incorpora la realizacion de la figura 9 de forma mas compacta y ocupando menos espacio.Figure 10 shows the same elements that the embodiment of Figure 9 incorporates more compactly and occupying less space.
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REALIZACION PREFERENTE DE LA INVENCIONPREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
La figura 1 muestra una vista esquematica de un dispositivo de acuerdo con la presente invencion en la que se observa que el dispositivo esta formado por un aparato (1) productor 30 de hidrogeno y una pila de combustible (2) conectada a un elemento electrico (3), o elemento consumidor de energia electrica.Figure 1 shows a schematic view of a device according to the present invention in which it is observed that the device is formed by an apparatus (1) producing hydrogen 30 and a fuel cell (2) connected to an electric element ( 3), or electric power consuming element.
De manera el aparato (1) presenta una entrada de materia prima (11), una camara deThus, the apparatus (1) has an input of raw material (11), a chamber of
reaccion (13) y una salida de hidrogeno (14), y opcionalmente segun aplicacion una salida de producto terminado (12).reaction (13) and an exit of hydrogen (14), and optionally according to application an exit of finished product (12).
Por otra parte en esta misma figura 1 se observa que la pila de combustible (2) es una pila 5 del tipo que comprende un primer electrodo dispuesto como catodo (22) un segundo electrodo dispuesto como anodo (23) y un canal (24) dispuesto entre dichos catodo (22) y anodo (23). Para poder generar energia electrica, esta realization dispone de una estructura en la que un electrolito (21) fluye por capilaridad a traves de dicho canal (24). Este flujo por capilaridad permite, por una parte prescindir de elementos tales como 10 bombas para impulsar el fluido a traves del canal que consumirian energia electrica haciendo que el dispositivo no sea adecuado para su utilization en zonas carentes de medios de suministro externo de energia electrica..On the other hand, in this same figure 1 it can be seen that the fuel cell (2) is a cell 5 of the type comprising a first electrode arranged as a cathode (22) a second electrode arranged as an anode (23) and a channel (24) disposed between said cathode (22) and anode (23). In order to generate electrical energy, this realization has a structure in which an electrolyte (21) flows by capillarity through said channel (24). This flow by capillarity allows, on the one hand, to dispense with elements such as 10 pumps to propel the fluid through the channel that would consume electrical energy, making the device not suitable for use in areas lacking external means of supplying electrical energy. .
En cuanto a posibles materiales que se puedan utilizar como material poroso del canal (24) 15 destaca de modo general un material base de papel, o nitrocelulosa, papel de celulosa, polimero poroso, tela o fibra de vidrio.As regards possible materials that can be used as porous material of the channel (24) 15, a paper base material, or nitrocellulose, cellulose paper, porous polymer, fabric or fiberglass, stands out in general.
En cuanto al elemento electrico (3), existen diversas aplicaciones para utilizar la energia electrica generada por la pila de combustible (2).As for the electric element (3), there are several applications to use the electric energy generated by the fuel cell (2).
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El elemento electrico (3) puede comprender electronica de instrumentation como, por ejemplo sensores, indicadores de todo tipo (LED, LCD, etc.) o sistemas adicionales de medicion, control y actuation sobre el aparato (1) o aparatos externos al dispositivo.The electrical element (3) may comprise instrumentation electronics such as sensors, indicators of all types (LED, LCD, etc.) or additional measurement, control and actuation systems on the device (1) or devices external to the device.
25 En realizaciones particulares de la presente invention, se dispone un LED (31), representado en la figura 1, para consumir dicha energia electrica. De esta manera, el conjunto pila de combustible - LED serviria como un sensor de hidrogeno. Cabe destacar que este consumo de la energia electrica generada serviria, de forma colateral, como un elemento para evitar fugas de hidrogeno al ambiente ya que el hidrogeno se utiliza para 30 generar energia electrica y como residuo quedaria agua que, a diferencia de liberar hidrogeno al ambiente, no representa peligro alguno.In particular embodiments of the present invention, an LED (31), shown in Figure 1, is provided to consume said electrical energy. In this way, the fuel cell - LED assembly would serve as a hydrogen sensor. It should be noted that this consumption of the generated electrical energy would serve, collaterally, as an element to prevent hydrogen leaks into the environment since hydrogen is used to generate electrical energy and as waste would be water that, unlike releasing hydrogen to the environment does not represent any danger.
La figura 2 muestra una realizacion preferente de una pila de combustible (2) adecuadaFigure 2 shows a preferred embodiment of a suitable fuel cell (2)
para su utilizacion en un dispositivo segun la presente invention. En esta figura se observa en mas detalle el funcionamiento de la pila de combustible (2).for use in a device according to the present invention. This figure shows in more detail the operation of the fuel cell (2).
En particular, la pila de combustible (2) de la figura 2 muestra un contenedor (210) en el 5 que se dispone un electrolito (21), un anodo (23), un catodo (22) y un material absorbente (242). Dicho contenedor (210) puede ser, de manera particular, una acanaladura o un material poroso de tipo similar al canal (24) de transferencia de electrolito.In particular, the fuel cell (2) of Figure 2 shows a container (210) in which an electrolyte (21), an anode (23), a cathode (22) and an absorbent material (242) are arranged. . Said container (210) can be, in particular, a groove or a porous material of a similar type to the electrolyte transfer channel (24).
Entre dicho contenedor (210) y dicho material absorbente (242) se dispone un canal (24) a 10 traves del cual circularia el electrolito (21) por capilaridad dada la fuerza de suction ejercida por el material absorbente (242). Ademas dicho canal (24) se encuentra en contacto con el anodo (23) y el catodo (22).Between said container (210) and said absorbent material (242) there is a channel (24) through which the electrolyte (21) would circulate by capillarity given the suction force exerted by the absorbent material (242). Furthermore, said channel (24) is in contact with the anode (23) and the cathode (22).
En cuanto a posibles sustancias que se puedan utilizar como electrolito (21), destacan los 15 electrolitos fuertes en general asi como los electrolitos debiles con capacidad tamponadora del pH. Se entiende como electrolito fuerte a aquella sustancia ionica cuyos iones constituyentes se disocian completamente al entrar en disolucion dando lugar a una solution conductora con pH basico, acido o neutro.. Asimismo, tambien podrian usarse liquidos ionicos y polimeros conductores para mantener una conductividad adecuada en el 20 medio. En una realization preferente de la presente invencion dichos electrolitos pueden ser: acido sulfurico, sulfato de sodio, tampon fosfato, hidroxido de potasio, hidroxido de sodio, entre otros.As for possible substances that can be used as electrolyte (21), the 15 strong electrolytes in general as well as weak electrolytes with pH buffering capacity stand out. Strong electrolyte is understood to be that ionic substance whose constituent ions dissociate completely upon entering into solution, giving rise to a conductive solution with a basic, acidic or neutral pH. Likewise, ionic liquids and conductive polymers could also be used to maintain adequate conductivity The middle 20. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention said electrolytes can be: sulfuric acid, sodium sulfate, phosphate buffer, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, among others.
En cuanto a posibles materiales que se puedan utilizar como material absorbente (242), 25 destacan nitrocelulosa, papel de celulosa, polimero poroso, tela, fibra de vidrio, espuma, gel, entre otros. Cabe destacar que como materiales absorbentes pueden utilizarse materiales que han sido modificados con sustancias higroscopicas como el cloruro de calcio y el oxido de calcio.As for possible materials that can be used as absorbent material (242), 25 include nitrocellulose, cellulose paper, porous polymer, cloth, fiberglass, foam, gel, among others. It should be noted that as absorbent materials, materials that have been modified with hygroscopic substances such as calcium chloride and calcium oxide can be used.
30 Un ejemplo de realizacion de la presente invencion se observa en la figura 3. En esta figura se observa un ejemplo de aplicacion de un dispositivo de la presente invencion mediante la modification de un aparato (1) existente que comprende una salida de hidrogeno (14) anadiendo una pila de combustible (2) que se conecta a la salida de hidrogeno (14) delAn example of embodiment of the present invention can be seen in Figure 3. This figure shows an example of the application of a device of the present invention by modifying an existing apparatus (1) comprising a hydrogen outlet (14 ) by adding a fuel cell (2) that connects to the hydrogen outlet (14) of the
aparato de manera que su anodo (23) entra en contacto, por una parte a dicha salida de hidrogeno (14) y, por otra, al canal (24) de electrolito. Adicionalmente, esta realization contempla la disposition de una entrada de aire atmosferico (26) como fuente de ox^geno para suministrar al catodo (22).apparatus so that its anode (23) comes into contact, on the one hand, with said hydrogen outlet (14) and, on the other, with the electrolyte channel (24). Additionally, this embodiment contemplates the provision of an atmospheric air inlet (26) as a source of oxygen to supply the cathode (22).
55
En esta y las figuras posteriores se ha eliminado la referencia al contenedor de electrolito y el material absorbente para facilitar la comprension de la presente invention.In this and subsequent figures, the reference to the electrolyte container and the absorbent material has been removed to facilitate the understanding of the present invention.
Un segundo ejemplo de realizacion de la presente invencion se describe haciendo 10 referencia a la figura 4. En esta realizacion el dispositivo es un calentador quimico que comprende una carcasa (101) y una camara (100) en la que ocurre una reaction quimica que desprende calor. Como resultado de dicha reaccion quimica se desprende hidrogeno (140) que se mantiene almacenado en una camara estanca (141). Posteriormente, este hidrogeno se suministra mediante la salida (14) al anodo (23) de la pila de combustible. Por 15 otra parte, el catodo (22) se alimenta de oxigeno (26) atmosferico y la energia generada se utiliza para encender un LED (31).A second embodiment of the present invention is described with reference to Figure 4. In this embodiment the device is a chemical heater comprising a housing (101) and a chamber (100) in which a chemical reaction occurs which gives off hot. As a result of said chemical reaction, hydrogen (140) is released, which is stored in a sealed chamber (141). Subsequently, this hydrogen is supplied by the outlet (14) to the anode (23) of the fuel cell. On the other hand, the cathode (22) is fed by atmospheric oxygen (26) and the energy generated is used to light an LED (31).
De esta manera, dicho LED se dispone como un indicador de la presencia de hidrogeno en la camara (141).In this way, said LED is arranged as an indicator of the presence of hydrogen in the chamber (141).
20twenty
En la figura 5 se observa un tercer ejemplo de realizacion de la presente invencion. En particular en esta figura se observa que la energia electrica generada se utiliza en otro tipo de elementos, en concreto, se utiliza como fuente de alimentation para un modulo de electronica (32) que dispone de medios de control de una pantalla LCD asi como medios 25 de control de instrumentation (320) del aparato. Adicionalmente, dicha energia electrica generada se puede aplicar a diversas aplicaciones como, por ejemplo, en instrumentos de analisis quimico, actuadores, controladores, etc.In figure 5 a third example of embodiment of the present invention is observed. In particular, in this figure it is observed that the generated electrical energy is used in other types of elements, in particular, it is used as a power supply for an electronic module (32) that has control means of an LCD screen as well as means 25 instrumentation control (320) of the apparatus. Additionally, said generated electrical energy can be applied to various applications such as, for example, in chemical analysis instruments, actuators, controllers, etc.
La figura 6 muestra un cuarto ejemplo de realizacion de la presente invencion. En este 30 caso, la pila de combustible se conecta a un aparato (1), concretamente un calentador que tiene como subproducto la generation de hidrogeno.Figure 6 shows a fourth embodiment of the present invention. In this case, the fuel cell is connected to an apparatus (1), specifically a heater whose byproduct is the generation of hydrogen.
En este dispositivo se adhiere al canal (24) un electrolito solido (240) soluble en agua (o enIn this device a solid water-soluble electrolyte (240) adheres to the channel (24)
cualquier otro Kquido). Dicho electrolito solido (240) se puede disponer de manera alternativa en parte del canal, de manera uniforme a lo largo del mismo o en un contenedor externo en contacto con dicho canal.any other liquid). Said solid electrolyte (240) can alternatively be arranged in part of the channel, uniformly along it or in an external container in contact with said channel.
5 Adicionalmente, en esta realization se dispone el canal (24) en un recipiente (241) del aparato (1) que contiene agua (241) o, alternativamente, dicho agua (241) se produce como resultado de los procesos internos del aparato.Additionally, in this embodiment the channel (24) is arranged in a container (241) of the apparatus (1) containing water (241) or, alternatively, said water (241) is produced as a result of the internal processes of the apparatus.
Posteriormente, por action del material absorbente (242), el agua (241) fluye a traves del 10 canal (24) solubilizando el electrolito.Subsequently, by action of the absorbent material (242), water (241) flows through the channel (24) solubilizing the electrolyte.
La figura 7 muestra un ejemplo de realizacion de una pila de combustible en la que se construye un conjunto de dos pilas de combustible en una tira de papel a modo de canal (24) del tipo conocido comercialmente por el nombre de Fusion 5 (de la marca Whatman) 15 de 5 mm de ancho. Tanto el anodo (23) como el catodo (22) se fabrican sobre papel de carbon del tipo fabricado por Toray Industries, Inc (con referencia EC-TP1-060T) depositando una carga de catalizador de platino/carbon. El area de cada electrodo es de 2.5 mm por 5 mm. Los catodos (22) se colocan sobre el canal (24) y reciben oxigeno del aire, mientras que los anodos (23) estan dispuestos en la parte inferior del canal (24) 20 expuestos a un flujo de hidrogeno. El electrolito que fluye por el canal (24) de la pila de combustible es una solution de 1M KOH. La entrada de hidrogeno a la pila de combustible proviene de la reaction de un aparato (1) que, en este caso particular, es un calentador quimico que produce hidrogeno al poner en contacto 0.1 g de particulas de MgFe con 600 ^L de solucion salina de NaCl al 2.5%. Este hidrogeno producido como subproducto es el 25 hidrogeno al que se encuentra expuesto cada uno de los anodos (23).Figure 7 shows an embodiment of a fuel cell in which a set of two fuel cells is constructed on a paper strip as a channel (24) of the type commercially known by the name of Fusion 5 (of the Whatman brand) 15 5 mm wide. Both the anode (23) and the cathode (22) are manufactured on carbon paper of the type manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc (with reference EC-TP1-060T) by depositing a platinum / carbon catalyst charge. The area of each electrode is 2.5 mm by 5 mm. The cathodes (22) are placed on the channel (24) and receive oxygen from the air, while the anodes (23) are arranged in the lower part of the channel (24) 20 exposed to a flow of hydrogen. The electrolyte that flows through the channel (24) of the fuel cell is a 1M KOH solution. The entry of hydrogen into the fuel cell comes from the reaction of an apparatus (1) which, in this particular case, is a chemical heater that produces hydrogen by contacting 0.1 g of MgFe particles with 600 ^ L of saline solution of 2.5% NaCl. This hydrogen produced as a byproduct is the hydrogen to which each of the anodes is exposed (23).
En particular, haciendo referencia a la figura 7, se dispone una primera pila de combustible (2011, 2021, 2031) y una segunda pila de combustible (2012, 2022, 2032) sobre un canal (24) de transferencia de electrolito. En una solucion alternativa, no representada, se 30 contempla la option de que cada pila disponga de su propio canal y se conecten externamente, lo que redunda en el beneficio de reducir las corrientes de fuga o perdidas entre pilas que comparten un mismo electrolito.In particular, referring to Figure 7, a first fuel cell (2011, 2021, 2031) and a second fuel cell (2012, 2022, 2032) are arranged on an electrolyte transfer channel (24). In an alternative solution, not shown, the option is contemplated that each battery has its own channel and is connected externally, which results in the benefit of reducing leakage or loss currents between batteries that share the same electrolyte.
Las curvas de polarizacion de las pilas de combustible que se observan en la figura se obtienen a partir de mediciones realizadas con un bipotenciostato/galvanostato que se dispone en tres configuraciones distintas; Una primera configuracion (201) para medir el voltaje (V201) correspondiente a la primera pila de combustible (2011, 2021, 2031); una 5 segunda configuracion (202) para medir el voltaje (V202) de la segunda pila de combustible (2012, 2022, 2032); y una tercera configuracion (203) en la que se mide el voltaje (V201+202) de las dos pilas conectadas en serie.The polarization curves of the fuel cells shown in the figure are obtained from measurements made with a bipotentiostat / electroplating which is available in three different configurations; A first configuration (201) for measuring the voltage (V201) corresponding to the first fuel cell (2011, 2021, 2031); a second configuration (202) for measuring the voltage (V202) of the second fuel cell (2012, 2022, 2032); and a third configuration (203) in which the voltage (V201 + 202) of the two batteries connected in series is measured.
El voltaje de circuito abierto, de las pilas individuales se registra en torno a 0.9V, la 10 potencia (P201) maxima de la primera pila (2011, 2021, 2031) es 5.5 mW a 15 mA, la potencia (P202) maxima de la segunda pila (2012, 2022, 2032) es 5.5 mW a 15 mA, Cuando las pilas se conectan en serie, el voltaje (V201+202) del conjunto de las dos pilas conectadas en serie alcanza 1.7V y la potencia (P201+202) combinada de ambas pilas llega a 9.5 mW a una corriente de 10 mA. El voltaje de salida del conjunto se utiliza para 15 encender un LED rojo de referencia HLMP-D155 y de esta forma indicar la presencia de hidrogeno proveniente del calentador qdmico.The open circuit voltage of the individual batteries is recorded around 0.9V, the maximum power (P201) of the first battery (2011, 2021, 2031) is 5.5 mW at 15 mA, the maximum power (P202) of The second battery (2012, 2022, 2032) is 5.5 mW at 15 mA. When the batteries are connected in series, the voltage (V201 + 202) of the set of the two batteries connected in series reaches 1.7V and the power (P201 + 202) combined of both batteries reaches 9.5 mW at a current of 10 mA. The output voltage of the assembly is used to turn on a red reference LED HLMP-D155 and thus indicate the presence of hydrogen from the chemical heater.
Aunque en las realizaciones descritas de la presente invencion se hace mencion a que el efecto para la transferencia de fluidos es mediante la capilaridad debido a un material 20 absorbente (242) conectado a uno de los extremos del canal (24) de transferencia de electrolito, tambien se puede utilizar cualquier otro tipo de tecnica conocida de bombeo pasivo conocida en el campo de la microflddica de canales.Although in the described embodiments of the present invention it is mentioned that the effect for fluid transfer is by capillarity due to an absorbent material 20 (242) connected to one of the ends of the electrolyte transfer channel (24), Any other type of known passive pumping technique known in the field of channel microfilming can also be used.
En una quinta realizacion representada en la figura 8 se observa de modo esquematico un 25 dispositivo que integra el aparato (1) espedficamente concebido para generar hidrogeno con la pila de combustible (2) que es alimentada por el hidrogeno del aparato. Se aprecia que el aparato (1) dispone de una entrada de materia prima (11) constituida por un material poroso, preferentemente de base de papel, una camara de reaccion (13) que incorpora un material capaz de producir hidrogeno (44) y una salida de hidrogeno (14) por la que sale el 30 hidrogeno generado en la camara de reaccion (13) que se dirige hacia el anodo (23) para alimentar la pila de combustible (2). En dicha pila de combustible (2) se observa asimismo el catodo (22) y el canal (24) constituido por un material poroso, preferentemente de base de papel.In a fifth embodiment shown in Figure 8, a device that integrates the apparatus (1) specifically designed to generate hydrogen with the fuel cell (2) that is fed by the hydrogen in the apparatus is schematically observed. It is appreciated that the apparatus (1) has a raw material inlet (11) consisting of a porous material, preferably of paper base, a reaction chamber (13) incorporating a material capable of producing hydrogen (44) and a Hydrogen outlet (14) through which the hydrogen generated in the reaction chamber (13) goes to the anode (23) to feed the fuel cell (2). Said fuel cell (2) also shows the cathode (22) and the channel (24) consisting of a porous material, preferably of paper base.
La camara de reaccion (13) incorpora en su salida una membrana hidrofobica porosa (40) que separa los fluidos para permitir unicamente el paso al hidrogeno, y la camara de reaccion (13) comprende en su entrada al menos una valvula (41) para bloquear el retorno 5 del hidrogeno hacia la entrada de materia prima (11).The reaction chamber (13) incorporates in its outlet a porous hydrophobic membrane (40) that separates the fluids to allow only the passage to hydrogen, and the reaction chamber (13) comprises at its inlet at least one valve (41) for block the return 5 of the hydrogen to the raw material inlet (11).
En la figura 8 se observa asimismo que el aparato (1) incorpora una primera entrada de liquido (42) para introducir una disolucion salina (46) que impregnaria la entrada de materia prima (11), asi como la pila de combustible (2) incorpora una segunda entrada de liquido 10 (43) para introducir una solucion electrolrtica (45) que impregnaria el electrolito del canalFigure 8 also shows that the apparatus (1) incorporates a first liquid inlet (42) to introduce a saline solution (46) that would impregnate the entry of raw material (11), as well as the fuel cell (2) incorporates a second liquid inlet 10 (43) to introduce an electrolytic solution (45) that would impregnate the channel electrolyte
(24).(24).
En la figura 9 se muestra una realizacion alternativa a la de la figura 8, en la que asimismo el dispositivo integra aparato productor de hidrogeno y la pila de combustible, se contempla 15 que en contacto con la entrada de materia prima (11) incorpore un primer electrolito solido de una primera sal (47), y que en contacto con el canal (24) incorpore un segundo electrolito de una segunda sal (48), y que complementariamente disponga de un material absorbente (49), que esta en comunicacion con la entrada de materia prima (11) y con el canal (24), y que es alimentado por un liquido acuoso (50) que se transfiere a:An alternative embodiment to that of Figure 8 is shown in Figure 9, in which the device also integrates hydrogen producing apparatus and the fuel cell, it is contemplated that in contact with the raw material inlet (11) it incorporates a first solid electrolyte of a first salt (47), and which in contact with the channel (24) incorporates a second electrolyte of a second salt (48), and which in addition has an absorbent material (49), which is in communication with the entry of raw material (11) and with the channel (24), and which is fed by an aqueous liquid (50) that is transferred to:
20 la entrada de materia prima (11) para contactar con el primer electrolito solido (47)20 the raw material input (11) to contact the first solid electrolyte (47)
para dar lugar a la primera disolucion salina que circula por la entrada de materia prima (11), yto give rise to the first saline solution that circulates through the input of raw material (11), and
al canal (24) para contactar con el segundo electrolito (48) para dar lugar a la segunda solucion electrolrtica que circula por el canal (24).to the channel (24) to contact the second electrolyte (48) to give rise to the second electrolytic solution that circulates through the channel (24).
2525
La figura 10 muestra la misma combination de elementos que componen el dispositivo de la figura 9, pero de forma mas compacta e integrada, preferentemente con una geometria a modo de tira en la que el material absorbente (49) aparece integrado sin sobresalir del aparato (1).Figure 10 shows the same combination of elements that make up the device of Figure 9, but in a more compact and integrated way, preferably with a strip-like geometry in which the absorbent material (49) appears integrated without protruding from the apparatus ( one).
Claims (16)
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| ES201530435A ES2588385B1 (en) | 2015-03-31 | 2015-03-31 | ELECTRICAL GENERATOR DEVICE THAT INCLUDES A FUEL BATTERY |
| PCT/ES2016/070221 WO2016156650A1 (en) | 2015-03-31 | 2016-03-30 | Electrical generator device including a fuel cell |
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| ES201530435A ES2588385B1 (en) | 2015-03-31 | 2015-03-31 | ELECTRICAL GENERATOR DEVICE THAT INCLUDES A FUEL BATTERY |
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| US20080268298A1 (en) * | 2007-04-26 | 2008-10-30 | Eickhoff Steven J | Power source with capacitor |
| IT1397223B1 (en) * | 2009-12-30 | 2013-01-04 | St Microelectronics Srl | CARTRIDGE FOR HYDROGEN PRODUCTION, HYDROGEN PRODUCTION SYSTEM AND RELATIVE PRODUCTION METHOD |
| CN102797970A (en) * | 2011-05-27 | 2012-11-28 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Energy storage and energy supply integrated system based on hydrogen energy |
| US20130341188A1 (en) * | 2012-06-20 | 2013-12-26 | María de les Neus SABATÉ VIZCARRA | Fuel cell and analysis device that comprise it |
| WO2014178744A1 (en) * | 2013-04-29 | 2014-11-06 | Obschestvo S Ogranichennoi Otvetstvennostyu "Lukoil - Nizhegorodsky Nauchno-Issledovatelsky I Proektny Institut Po Pererabotke Nefti" | Fuel cell for generating electricity using hydrogen sulfide as fuel, method for generating electricity and method of purifying hydrogen sulfide-containing gas using the fuel cell |
| CN203691286U (en) * | 2014-01-07 | 2014-07-02 | 龙诗东 | Pressure power generation and hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell power generation integrated power generation system |
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