ES2579027B1 - Module for the formation of artificial reefs - Google Patents
Module for the formation of artificial reefs Download PDFInfo
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- ES2579027B1 ES2579027B1 ES201500092A ES201500092A ES2579027B1 ES 2579027 B1 ES2579027 B1 ES 2579027B1 ES 201500092 A ES201500092 A ES 201500092A ES 201500092 A ES201500092 A ES 201500092A ES 2579027 B1 ES2579027 B1 ES 2579027B1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
- Y02A10/26—Artificial reefs or seaweed; Restoration or protection of coral reefs
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Artificial Fish Reefs (AREA)
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Abstract
Módulo para la formación de arrecifes artificiales, que está constituido por una serie de piezas prefabricadas independientes de hormigón, una pieza de base (1) y una serie de piezas de pared (2), que disponen de acoplamiento y fijación mutuos y limitan una cavidad central (3) y disponen en sus superficies libres de huecos ciegos (11) y huecos pasantes (5) entre la superficie externa y el hueco central (3).Module for the formation of artificial reefs, which consists of a series of independent prefabricated concrete pieces, a base piece (1) and a series of wall pieces (2), which have mutual coupling and fixing and limit a cavity central (3) and dispose on their surfaces free of blind holes (11) and through holes (5) between the outer surface and the central hole (3).
Description
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DESCRIPCIONDESCRIPTION
Modulo para la formation de arrecifes artificiales.Module for the formation of artificial reefs.
Campo de la invencionField of the Invention
La presente invencion se refiere a un modulo para la formacion de arrecifes artificiales en fondos marinos, especialmente en fondos marinos situados a una profundidad de entre 10 y 20 metros.The present invention relates to a module for the formation of artificial reefs in seabed, especially in seabed located at a depth of between 10 and 20 meters.
El objeto de la invencion es proporcionar un modulo para la formacion de arrecifes artificiales adaptados a la geomorfologla de los fondos donde se instale, con una elevada relation de volumen aparente frente a su peso, que permita alcanzar con facilidad el objetivo del aumento de la biomasa de los recursos pesqueros en base al incremento de la supervivencia, el crecimiento y la reproduction de los mismos en zonas hasta ahora no productivas.The object of the invention is to provide a module for the formation of artificial reefs adapted to the geomorphology of the bottoms where it is installed, with a high ratio of apparent volume to its weight, which allows to easily reach the objective of increasing biomass of fishery resources based on increased survival, growth and their reproduction in areas not hitherto productive.
Otro objeto de la invencion es proporcionar una estrategia constructiva para la production de arrecifes artificiales con varios fines: optimizar la loglstica necesaria en medios de produccion, transporte e instalacion, facilitar el asentamiento y desarrollo selectivo de diferentes especies en zonas improductivas de la costa, reutilizacion de residuos procedentes de la industria del mejillon y autoproteccion del arrecife artificial frente a pesca de arrastre.Another object of the invention is to provide a constructive strategy for the production of artificial reefs for several purposes: optimize the necessary logistics in means of production, transport and installation, facilitate settlement and selective development of different species in unproductive areas of the coast, reuse of waste from the mussel industry and self-protection of the artificial reef against trawling.
Un objeto mas de la invencion es proporcionar un modulo que pueda servir para la protection de ecosistemas marinos de interes frente a la pesca de arrastre, y para preservar la costa de agresiones flsicas por causas naturales: oleaje, corrientes, etc., aunque no es el objeto prioritario de esta invencion.A further object of the invention is to provide a module that can be used for the protection of marine ecosystems of interest against trawling, and to preserve the coast from physical aggressions due to natural causes: waves, currents, etc., although it is not the priority object of this invention.
El modulo de la invencion permite llevar a cabo un proceso optimizado de produccion e instalacion para obtener unos costes economicos favorables.The module of the invention allows to carry out an optimized production and installation process to obtain favorable economic costs.
Por otro lado, en la fabrication del modulo de la invencion pueden reutilizarse materiales inertes, procedentes de otros procesos extractivos de la industria conservera, reduciendo asl la necesidad de vertederos muchos de ellos, en fondo marino, que constituyen una carga para el ecosistema al cubrir amplias superficies con capas de residuos que son incompatibles con la vida de especies en el fondo.On the other hand, in the manufacture of the module of the invention inert materials can be reused, coming from other extractive processes of the canning industry, thus reducing the need for landfills many of them, in seabed, which constitute a load for the ecosystem when covering large surfaces with layers of waste that are incompatible with the life of species in the background.
Antecedentes de la invencionBackground of the invention
Como es conocido, la busqueda de nuevos caladeros para extraction marisquera es un objetivo permanente del sector pesquero. Muchas zonas de la costa, por su morfologla, son improductivas por que no configuran el habitat adecuado para muchas especies de alto interes en el mercado por su valor economico.As is known, the search for new fishing grounds for shellfish extraction is a permanent objective of the fishing sector. Many areas of the coast, due to their morphology, are unproductive because they do not configure the right habitat for many species of high interest in the market because of their economic value.
Ya son conocidos diversos sistemas dirigidos a la regeneration de fondos marinos, con diferentes finalidades. En este sentido pueden citarse como antecedentes los siguientes documentos: las ES2005922, ES1062926 y EP2349955, que tratan de diferentes estructuras para la regeneracion del fondo marino con caracter general. La EP2180464, que tiene como objetivo la repoblacion de vida acuatica y las ES2141681 y ES2014659Various systems aimed at the regeneration of seabed, with different purposes, are already known. In this sense, the following documents can be cited as background: the ES2005922, ES1062926 and EP2349955, which deal with different structures for the regeneration of the seabed in general. EP2180464, which aims to repopulate aquatic life and ES2141681 and ES2014659
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dirigidas a la protection de peces u otras especies pescadas con arrastre. La ES2002911 concreta y se limita a fomentar la production de coral rojo.aimed at the protection of fish or other species trawled. The ES2002911 concrete and is limited to promoting the production of red coral.
Las ES1057892, ES2002900 y ES2176052 se centran en la utilization como arrecifes compatibles con fondeaderos o no (disuasorios) con la pesca de arrastre. En la EP2188628 se promueve la utilization de neumaticos reciclados para la formation de un arrecife artificial con el objeto de proteger la costa, haciendo de rompeolas.ES1057892, ES2002900 and ES2176052 focus on utilization as reefs compatible with anchorages or not (deterrents) with trawling. In EP2188628 the use of recycled tires for the formation of an artificial reef is promoted in order to protect the coast, making breakwaters.
Entre las patentes de Estados Unidos abundan las especlficas para protection y regeneration de la costa (US484516, US5071285, US6186702, US6464429 yAmong the United States patents abound the specifics for protection and regeneration of the coast (US484516, US5071285, US6186702, US6464429 and
US7497643), generation de olas para actividades de ocio como el surf o buceo (US7285238, US20090297270, US7497643 y US20090297270). En otras el objeto es servir de habitat de diferentes organismos: peces marinos con caracter general (US3888209, US4913094, US4947791, US4997311, US5454665, US6186702 yUS7497643), wave generation for leisure activities such as surfing or diving (US7285238, US20090297270, US7497643 and US20090297270). In others, the object is to serve as habitat for different organisms: marine fish with a general character (US3888209, US4913094, US4947791, US4997311, US5454665, US6186702 and
US20040168649), en agua dulce (US7828493), especlfico para coral (US5564369) y US5113792 que contempla especies de crustaceos, ademas de peces sin concretar. Por ultimo pueden citarse la US6712024 que promueve el reciclaje de neumaticos para facilitar la vida marina en general.US20040168649), in freshwater (US7828493), specific for coral (US5564369) and US5113792 that includes species of crustaceans, in addition to unspecified fish. Finally, the US6712024 that promotes the recycling of tires to facilitate marine life in general can be cited.
En todos los casos donde se utilizan estructuras auxiliares, se requieren modulos o componentes de dimensiones y pesos muy elevados que dificultan su manipulation y transporte, con lo que obliga a producirlos en las cercanlas del muelle de embarque y posterior puesta en el fondo con medios auxiliares costosos. Por otro lado, los objetivos que cubren muchas de los documentos citados son limitados, bien por estar restringidos a una especie muy concreta o tan generales que su aplicacion a diferentes zonas, persiguiendo objetivos o necesidades mas concretas, es limitada.In all cases where auxiliary structures are used, modules or components of very high dimensions and weights are required that hinder their manipulation and transport, which obliges them to be produced in the vicinity of the boarding pier and later placed at the bottom with auxiliary means expensive. On the other hand, the objectives that cover many of the documents cited are limited, either because they are restricted to a very specific species or so general that their application to different areas, pursuing more specific objectives or needs, is limited.
Description de la inventionDescription of the invention
El modulo de la invention, destinado a la production de arrecifes artificiales para explotacion selectiva de especies de interes, ha sido concebido para resolver la problematica anteriormente expuesta y esta disenado para fondos marinos situados a profundidades entre 10 metros y 20 metros.The module of the invention, intended for the production of artificial reefs for selective exploitation of species of interest, has been conceived to solve the problems previously exposed and is designed for sea beds located at depths between 10 meters and 20 meters.
De forma mas concreta, el sistema de production de arrecife artificial para explotacion selectiva de especies de interes logrado mediante el modulo de la invention, utiliza un sistema de montaje que, por las dimensiones y peso de cada pieza que lo forman, facilita el transporte por carretera desde el centro de production, que puede estar alejado de la costa, y por el sistema de montaje e instalacion del modulo en el fondo, que requiere buques y equipos auxiliares de menores capacidades y costes y no requiere sistemas de anclaje y fondeo. El sistema de montaje de cada modulo no necesita accesorios de montaje ni herramientas.More specifically, the artificial reef production system for selective exploitation of species of interest achieved through the module of the invention uses a mounting system that, due to the dimensions and weight of each piece that forms it, facilitates transport by road from the production center, which may be remote from the coast, and by the module assembly and installation system at the bottom, which requires ships and auxiliary equipment with lower capacities and costs and does not require anchoring and anchoring systems. The mounting system of each module does not require mounting accessories or tools.
De acuerdo con la invention, el modulo para la formation de arrecifes artificiales esta constituido por una serie de piezas prefabricadas independientes de hormigon, que disponen de medios de acoplamiento y fijacion mutuos. Estas piezas independientes, una vez acopladas entre si, delimitan un hueco central y disponen en sus superficies libres, al menos en parte de dichas piezas, de huecos ciegos, adaptados en su forma y dimensiones a las especies cuyo desarrollo se desea fomentar, y de huecos pasantes entre la superficie externa y el hueco central.According to the invention, the module for the formation of artificial reefs is constituted by a series of independent prefabricated concrete pieces, which have mutual coupling and fixing means. These independent pieces, once coupled to each other, delimit a central hole and have in their free surfaces, at least in part of said pieces, blind holes, adapted in their shape and dimensions to the species whose development is to be encouraged, and through holes between the outer surface and the central hole.
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De este modo, los modulos formados con las piezas de la invention dispondran de huecos disenados en funcion de las especies cuyo desarrollo se quiera fomentar, incluyendo ademas huecos que faciliten la renovation del agua en el interior del modulo, asl como el acceso de nutrientes por efecto de los vortices generados por corrientes o mareas.In this way, the modules formed with the pieces of the invention will have holes designed according to the species whose development is to be encouraged, including also holes that facilitate the renewal of water inside the module, as well as the access of nutrients by effect of vortices generated by currents or tides.
Los medios de acoplamiento y fijacion de las piezas que conforman el modulo de la invencion estan situados en superficies adosables de las piezas prefabricadas que conforman el modulo. Estos medios de acoplamiento comprenden varillas que sobresalen de al menos una de las superficies adosables entre las piezas del modulo y en orificios enfrentables situados en superficies opuestas.The coupling and fixing means of the pieces that make up the module of the invention are located on arable surfaces of the prefabricated parts that make up the module. These coupling means comprise rods that protrude from at least one of the attachable surfaces between the module parts and in facing holes located on opposite surfaces.
Segun una posible forma de ejecucion, el modulo adopta forma cubica y esta constituido por una pieza base, en forma de placa cuadrada y por cuatro piezas de pared, tambien en forma de placas cuadradas. Las cuatro piezas de pared se apoyan en la pieza base y delimitan entre las mismas una cara abierta que esta opuesta a dicha placa base. La pieza base es portadora de las varillas que entran a formar parte de los medios de acoplamiento y fijacion, varillas que sobresalen perpendicularmente de una de las superficies mayores, sobre la que apoyaran las piezas de pared. Por su parte las piezas de pared disponen en uno de los cantos, en el canto a traves del que apoyaran sobre la pieza base, de orificios enfrentables a las varillas. La pieza base carece de huecos, estando preferentemente cerrada en toda su superficie, mientras que las piezas de pared disponen de los huecos ciegos y pasantes. Para asegurar un buen apoyo entre las piezas de pared, estas presentan en los cantos adyacentes superficies de apoyo mutuo, por ejemplo en angulos de 45° entre placas contiguas.According to a possible form of execution, the module adopts a cubic form and is constituted by a base piece, in the form of a square plate and by four pieces of wall, also in the form of square plates. The four wall pieces rest on the base piece and delimit between them an open face that is opposite to said base plate. The base piece is a carrier of the rods that become part of the coupling and fixing means, rods that protrude perpendicularly from one of the major surfaces, on which the wall pieces will rest. On the other hand the wall pieces have in one of the edges, in the song through which they will rest on the base piece, of holes facing the rods. The base piece lacks holes, being preferably closed in its entire surface, while the wall pieces have blind and through holes. To ensure good support between the wall pieces, they have mutual support surfaces on adjacent edges, for example at 45 ° angles between adjacent plates.
Preferentemente la pieza base sera de contorno mayor que el definido por las cuatro piezas de pared una vez adosadas y acopladas entre si, de modo que dicha pieza base sobresaldra del contorno definido por las piezas de pared.Preferably, the base piece will be larger than the one defined by the four wall pieces once attached and coupled together, so that said base piece will protrude from the outline defined by the wall pieces.
En caso necesario el modulo puede alojar perfiles independientes que sobresalen al exterior a traves de la cara abierta y/o de las aberturas pasantes de las placas de pared.If necessary, the module can accommodate independent profiles that protrude outside through the open face and / or through the openings of the wall plates.
Como se ha indicado tanto la pieza base como las piezas de pared seran de hormigon armado. El molde para construir las piezas de pared dispondran de una base con insertos fijos, que seran los que conformen en dichas piezas de pared los huecos pasantes, destinados a facilitar la circulation y renovacion del agua interior del modulo, y unos insertos desmontables intercambiables para conformar huecos ciegos o pasantes, destinados al asentamiento y desarrollo de diferentes especies.As indicated both the base piece and the wall pieces will be reinforced concrete. The mold to build the wall pieces will have a base with fixed inserts, which will be the ones that make up in said wall pieces the through holes, intended to facilitate the circulation and renovation of the interior water of the module, and removable interchangeable inserts to form blind holes or interns, intended for settlement and development of different species.
De este modo el modulo dispondra en sus caras laterales de huecos, ciegos o pasantes, que tienen dimensiones diferentes, adaptadas a las necesidades o preferencias de las especies que se pretendan explotar.In this way the module will have on its lateral faces hollows, blind or through, which have different dimensions, adapted to the needs or preferences of the species that are intended to exploit.
Al estar las diferentes piezas que conforman el modulo fabricadas mediante hormigon armado, son facilmente fabricables en industrias ya existentes que elaboren piezas de hormigon para otra areas de actividad industrial, lo cual constituye una ventaja mas de la invencion.Since the different parts that make up the module are manufactured using reinforced concrete, they are easily manufactured in existing industries that produce concrete pieces for other areas of industrial activity, which constitutes an advantage over the invention.
Las piezas que conforman el modulo pueden ademas incorporar residuos de la industria conservera, por ejemplo del mejillon, en sustitucion de una parte de los aridos en laThe pieces that make up the module can also incorporate waste from the canning industry, for example mussels, replacing a part of the aggregates in the
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composition del hormigon, reduciendo la necesidad de vertederos y manteniendo las propiedades mecanicas de las piezas.concrete composition, reducing the need for landfills and maintaining the mechanical properties of the pieces.
Por otro lado, debido a los materiales utilizados en la fabrication del modulo, a su composition y a las dimensiones del mismo, se garantiza la estabilidad hidrodinamica y la resistencia al arrastre sobre el fondo por la action de olas y corrientes, sin necesidad de sistemas de fondeo y/o anclaje.On the other hand, due to the materials used in the manufacture of the module, its composition and its dimensions, hydrodynamic stability and drag resistance on the bottom are guaranteed by the action of waves and currents, without the need for systems of anchoring and / or anchoring.
El sistema de production de arrecifes artificiales mediante el modulo de la invention proyecta y calcula la estabilidad de los modulos adaptada a la potencia y tipologla de las embarcaciones de pesca de arrastre de la zona donde se instalan, actuando como elemento disuasorio para la pesca de arrastre ilegal.The artificial reef production system by means of the module of the invention projects and calculates the stability of the modules adapted to the power and typology of trawling vessels in the area where they are installed, acting as a deterrent for trawling illegal.
Breve description de los dibujosBrief description of the drawings
Con el fin de facilitar la comprension de las caracterlsticas de la invention se muestra en los dibujos adjuntos un ejemplo de realization no limitativo, en los que:In order to facilitate the understanding of the features of the invention, an example of non-limiting realization is shown in the attached drawings, in which:
- La figura 1 muestra en perspectiva un modulo constituido de acuerdo con la invention.- Figure 1 shows in perspective a module constituted according to the invention.
- La figura 2 es una vista similar a la figura 1, mostrando una variante de ejecucion.- Figure 2 is a view similar to Figure 1, showing an execution variant.
- La figura 3 muestra en perspectiva la pieza base que entra a formar parte del modulo de las figuras 1 y 2.- Figure 3 shows in perspective the base piece that becomes part of the module of figures 1 and 2.
- La figura 4 muestra en perspectiva una de las piezas de pared que entra a formar parte del modulo de las figuras 1 y 2.- Figure 4 shows in perspective one of the wall pieces that becomes part of the module of Figures 1 and 2.
- La figura 5 muestra un ejemplo de disposition de modulos de las figuras 1 y 2 para la formation de un parque de explotacion.- Figure 5 shows an example of the arrangement of modules of figures 1 and 2 for the formation of a farm.
Description detallada de un modo de realizationDetailed description of a realization mode
En la figura 1 se muestra un modulo para la formation de arrecifes artificiales, constituido de acuerdo con la invention, el cual adopta forma cubica y esta formado por una pieza de base (1) y cuatro piezas de pared (2), entre las que se delimita una cavidad central que desemboca al exterior a traves de una de las caras abierta (3) del modulo y a traves de huecos pasantes (5) situados en las piezas de pared (2).Figure 1 shows a module for the formation of artificial reefs, constituted according to the invention, which adopts a cubic form and is formed by a base piece (1) and four wall pieces (2), among which a central cavity is delimited that flows to the outside through one of the open faces (3) of the module and through through holes (5) located in the wall pieces (2).
En la figura 2 se muestra un modulo de igual constitution, que incorpora perfiles (6) independientes, alojados en la cavidad central (3) y sobresalen al exterior a traves de la cara (3) abierta del modulo y de los huecos pasantes (5) de las piezas de pared (2).Figure 2 shows a module of the same constitution, which incorporates independent profiles (6), housed in the central cavity (3) and protrudes outside through the open face (3) of the module and through holes (5). ) of the wall pieces (2).
La pieza de base (1) es de mayor contorno que el delimitado por las piezas de pared (2).The base piece (1) is of greater contour than that delimited by the wall pieces (2).
En la figura 3 se muestra la pieza base (1) que entra a formar parte de los modulos de las figuras 1 y 2. Esta pieza base adopta forma de placa de contorno cuadrado, de una de cuyas superficies mayores sobresalen perpendicularmente varillas o redondos (7), que pueden pertenecer a la armadura de la propia pieza de base (1).Figure 3 shows the base part (1) that becomes part of the modules of Figures 1 and 2. This base part takes the form of a square contour plate, one of whose larger surfaces protrude rods or rounds perpendicularly ( 7), which may belong to the armor of the base piece itself (1).
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En la figura 4 se muestra en perspectiva una de las piezas de pared (2), la cual adopta tambien forma de placa de contorno cuadrado que presenta dos de los cantos opuestos con chaflanes (8) a 45°, a traves de los que se adosan lateralmente las diferentes piezas de pared (2) para delimitar la estructura cubica de las figuras 1 y 2. A partir de los otros dos cantos (9) las piezas de pared apoyaran sobre la pieza de base (1) y dispondran de orificios pasantes (10) posicionados de modo que queden enfrentados a las varillas (7) de la pieza de base (1), de modo que al apoyar las piezas de pared (2) sobre la pieza de base (1) las varillas (7) penetren por los orificios pasantes (10). De este modo las varillas (7) y los orificios pasantes (10) constituyen medios de fijacion entre uno y otros componentes.In figure 4 one of the wall pieces (2) is shown in perspective, which also takes the form of a square contour plate that has two of the opposite edges with chamfers (8) at 45 °, through which laterally attach the different wall pieces (2) to delimit the cubic structure of figures 1 and 2. From the other two edges (9) the wall pieces will rest on the base piece (1) and have through holes (10) positioned so that they are facing the rods (7) of the base piece (1), so that when supporting the wall pieces (2) on the base piece (1) the rods (7) penetrate through the through holes (10). In this way the rods (7) and the through holes (10) constitute fixing means between one and other components.
Con la constitution comentada, las piezas de base (1) y las piezas de pared (2) pueden fabricarse y transportarse de forma independiente, hasta su montaje.With the constitution mentioned, the base pieces (1) and the wall pieces (2) can be manufactured and transported independently, until they are assembled.
Segun puede apreciarse en la figura 4, las piezas (2) de pared disponen de al menos un hueco pasante (5), dimensionado para garantizar la renovation de agua en el interior de los modulos, generada por la action de las corrientes o mareas.As can be seen in Figure 4, the wall pieces (2) have at least one through hole (5), sized to guarantee the renewal of water inside the modules, generated by the action of the currents or tides.
Tambien las piezas de pared (2) disponen de huecos ciegos (11), adaptables en dimensiones a los requisitos de las diferentes especies que se quieran explotar. Asl, por ejemplo, para pulpos y especies similares estos huecos ciegos seran de section cuadrada, de 0,2 m x 0,2 m y con una profundidad de 0,25 m maximo. Otros, como las necoras, anidan en orificios tipo grietas, de forma rectangular, con una de sus dimensiones pequena con respecto a la otra, tlpicas 0,3 m x 0,04 m de frente y 0,15 m de profundidad, simulando asl una grieta natural con la posibilidad de varias salidas.Also the wall pieces (2) have blind holes (11), adaptable in dimensions to the requirements of the different species that are to be exploited. Thus, for example, for octopuses and similar species these blind holes will be of square section, 0.2 m x 0.2 m and with a maximum depth of 0.25 m. Others, such as necoras, nest in cracked holes, rectangular in shape, with one of their small dimensions with respect to the other, typical 0.3 mx 0.04 m in front and 0.15 m deep, thus simulating a Natural crack with the possibility of several exits.
Montando en cada modulo piezas de pared (2) con huecos (11) de diferentes configuraciones y distribuyendo diferente numero de modulos dedicados a cada especie dentro del campo de explotacion, se fomenta la posibilidad de una determinada distribution de cada especie dentro de dicho campo de explotacion. Como ejemplo y para una ubicacion y condiciones determinadas, se dimensiona con unas medidas de (alto x ancho x espesor) 1500 mm x 1500 mm x 300 mm.Mounting on each module pieces of wall (2) with holes (11) of different configurations and distributing different number of modules dedicated to each species within the field of exploitation, the possibility of a certain distribution of each species within said field is encouraged. exploitation. As an example and for a given location and conditions, it is sized with measures of (height x width x thickness) 1500 mm x 1500 mm x 300 mm.
Para facilitar el desmoldeo, la forma de los huecos (5 y 11) sera de seccion creciente hacia el exterior, pudiendo ademas utilizarse un agente de desmoldeo.To facilitate demoulding, the shape of the holes (5 and 11) will be of increasing section towards the outside, and a mold release agent may also be used.
Para el montaje de los modulos solo hay que posicionar los modulos de pared (2) sobre el modulo de base (1), introduciendo y deslizando las varillas (7) a traves de los orificios pasantes (10), sin necesidad de elementos auxiliares de montaje.To assemble the modules, you just have to position the wall modules (2) on the base module (1), introducing and sliding the rods (7) through the through holes (10), without the need for auxiliary elements. mounting.
Segun se aprecia en las figuras 1 y 2, las piezas de pared (2) pueden disponer tambien de huecos ciegos (11) a partir de su superficie interna (4), aumentando asl la superficie util de produccion.As can be seen in Figures 1 and 2, the wall pieces (2) can also have blind holes (11) from their internal surface (4), thus increasing the useful production surface.
En la figura 5 se muestra la disposition de modulos de la figura 1 y 2 para la formation de un parque de un parque de explotacion que incluye una serie de modulos (12), exclusivos para la production, y una serie de modulos (13) dispuestos en la periferia, de production y de protection contra redes de arrastre, al incluir los perfiles (6) del modulo de la figura 2.Figure 5 shows the arrangement of modules of Figures 1 and 2 for the formation of a park of a farm that includes a series of modules (12), exclusive for production, and a series of modules (13) arranged on the periphery, of production and protection against trawls, by including the profiles (6) of the module of Figure 2.
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Como ejemplo y para una ubicacion y condiciones determinadas, el conjunto de cada modulo puede tener una masa sumergida total de 4,83 toneladas. Esta masa de un solo modulo es insuficiente frente a pesqueros de arrastre de hasta 10 toneladas de tiro, usuales por ejemplo en las costas de Galicia. Sin embargo, suponiendo un angulo de tiro de 45°, con solo dos modulos serlan capaces de bloquear al copo, considerando, por lo tanto que un parque formado por mas de dos modulos, como el representado en la figura 5, cumple con la accion disuasoria perseguida, manteniendo inalterable la distribution flsica de los modulos en el fondo.As an example and for a given location and conditions, the set of each module can have a total submerged mass of 4.83 tons. This mass of a single module is insufficient compared to trawlers with up to 10 tons of draft, usually for example on the coast of Galicia. However, assuming a 45 ° angle of shot, with only two modules, they will be able to block the flake, considering, therefore, that a park formed by more than two modules, such as the one shown in Figure 5, complies with the action deterrent pursued, keeping the physical distribution of the modules in the background unalterable.
Por otro lado, considerando posibles instalaciones en fondos rocosos, mas desfavorables por el menor coeficiente de friction entre la base del modulo y el fondo del orden de 0,27, serlan necesarios cuatro modulos para bloquear al buque arrastrero.On the other hand, considering possible installations in rocky bottoms, more unfavorable due to the lower coefficient of friction between the base of the module and the bottom of the order of 0.27, four modules would be necessary to block the trawler.
En cuanto a la estabilidad frente a la accion de oleaje y corriente se ha determinado un valor mlnimo del coeficiente de friccion de 0,0198 para que no se produzca arrastre sobre el fondo. Dado que los valores varlan segun la naturaleza del fondo entre 0,49 para fondos arenosos y 0,27 para fondos rocosos, hay margen suficiente para asegurar la estabilidad del modulo frente a estas acciones.As for the stability against the action of waves and currents, a minimum value of the coefficient of friction of 0.0198 has been determined so that no drag on the bottom occurs. Given that the values vary according to the nature of the fund between 0.49 for sandy bottoms and 0.27 for rocky bottoms, there is sufficient margin to ensure the module's stability against these actions.
De acuerdo con los adjetivos de la invention se consigue una maxima sencillez de realization, con una inversion minima, al poder utilizar industrias del hormigon ya existentes, facilidad de traslado y montaje por las dimensiones, peso y sistema de montaje. La solution propuesta facilita adaptar los huecos a las costumbres propias de cada especie marina especlfica a explotar de modo selectivo.According to the adjectives of the invention, a maximum simplicity of realization is achieved, with a minimum investment, being able to use existing concrete industries, ease of transfer and assembly by dimensions, weight and assembly system. The proposed solution facilitates adapting the gaps to the customs of each specific marine species to exploit selectively.
Con el objetivo de ganar en superficie de explotacion se puede plantear una variante con una base circular y seis paredes laterales, en vez de cuatro. Buscando el llmite del ancho de transporte por carretera tendrla una base de 2,5 m de diametro. Se ganarla un 25% de superficie para explotacion respecto al ejemplo anteriormente descrito, pero complicarla la ejecucion de la base por necesitar incluir doce redondos para el acoplamiento de las paredes laterales, en lugar de los ocho actuales. Ademas la base tendrla una masa de 14 toneladas, con lo que perderla la ventaja de facilidad y transporte que tiene la realizacion anteriormente descrita.A variant with a circular base and six side walls, instead of four, can be proposed in order to win on the surface of the farm. Looking for the limit of the width of road transport will have a base of 2.5 m in diameter. It will gain a 25% surface area for exploitation with respect to the example described above, but complicate the execution of the base by needing to include twelve rounds for the coupling of the side walls, instead of the current eight. In addition, the base will have a mass of 14 tons, thus losing the advantage of ease and transport that has the previously described embodiment.
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| US4664552A (en) * | 1985-08-16 | 1987-05-12 | Cecil Schaaf | Erosion control apparatus and method |
| ES2002900A6 (en) * | 1986-11-06 | 1988-10-01 | Ecotecnos S A | Structure for the formation of artificial reefs (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) |
| NO180402C (en) * | 1994-12-22 | 1997-04-16 | Consult As P J | Construction for use as artificial habitat for lobster, and use thereof |
| IT1314439B1 (en) * | 2000-10-02 | 2002-12-13 | Tecnotre S R L | MODULAR ELEMENTS FOR THE RECONSTRUCTION OF AQUATIC LIFE, ACTS TO BE CAST AND FIXED IN SEA BEDS OR SIMILAR. |
| ES2235637B1 (en) * | 2003-12-13 | 2006-10-16 | Universitat Politecnica De Catalunya | CERAMIC MATERIAL COLLECTOR FOR COMMON LOBSTER (PANILURUS ELEPHAS) IN ITS POSTLARVA (PUERULUS) AND JUVENILE PHASE. |
| ES2259936B1 (en) * | 2005-04-15 | 2007-11-01 | Guer Ingenieria, S.L. | ARTIFICIAL PIECE OF LITORAL PRODUCTION FOR REGENERATION, RECOVERY AND REHABILITATION OF MARINE HABITATS. |
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