ES2565000B2 - Leachate mineralization procedure and system - Google Patents
Leachate mineralization procedure and system Download PDFInfo
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- ES2565000B2 ES2565000B2 ES201431405A ES201431405A ES2565000B2 ES 2565000 B2 ES2565000 B2 ES 2565000B2 ES 201431405 A ES201431405 A ES 201431405A ES 201431405 A ES201431405 A ES 201431405A ES 2565000 B2 ES2565000 B2 ES 2565000B2
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/30—Aerobic and anaerobic processes
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Abstract
Sistema de mineralización de lixiviados caracterizado porque comprende una balsa inicial (1) que incorpora un filtro (1a) situado en la entrada de la propia balsa (1); y una depuradora (2), compuesta por una zona de agitación (2a), una zona de aireación (2b), una zona de desnitrificación (2c) y una zona de decantación (2d); todo ello comandado por unos medios lógicos de control (23).Leachate mineralization system characterized in that it comprises an initial raft (1) that incorporates a filter (1a) located at the entrance of the raft itself (1); and a treatment plant (2), consisting of a zone of agitation (2a), a zone of aeration (2b), a zone of denitrification (2c) and a zone of decantation (2d); all this commanded by logical means of control (23).
Description
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DESCRIPCIONDESCRIPTION
Procedimiento y sistema de mineralizacion de lixiviados.Procedure and system of mineralization of leachate.
Objeto de la invencionObject of the invention
La presente invencion tiene como objeto un procedimiento y sistema de mineralizacion de lixiviados, en particular, de todo tipo de lixiviados de origen no quimico, mediante el empleo de medios mecanicos y electricos asi como diversos oligoelementos.The present invention has as its object a procedure and system of mineralization of leachates, in particular, of all types of leachates of non-chemical origin, by means of the use of mechanical and electrical means as well as various trace elements.
El sistema aqu propuesto, es un sistema continuo, con bajos consumos energeticos, gracias al cual se obtienen aguas de salida, aptas tanto para el riego como para el vertido a un cauce publico, sin metales pesados y lodos.The system proposed here is a continuous system, with low energy consumption, thanks to which outlet water is obtained, suitable for both irrigation and discharge to a public channel, without heavy metals and sludge.
Antecedentes de la invencionBackground of the invention
En la actualidad, se denomina comunmente lixiviado, al liquido resultante de un proceso de
percolacion de un fluido a traves de un solido. El lixiviado generalmente arrastra gran cantidad de los compuestos presentes en el solido que atraviesa.At present, it is commonly called leachate, the liquid resulting from a process of
percolation of a fluid through a solid. Leachate generally carries a large amount of the compounds present in the solids it crosses.
El termino lixiviado se usa en casi todas las
ciencias ambientales, siendo su uso mas general el que corresponde al lixiviado de los
depositos controlados, por lo que generalmente se asocia el termino lixiviado a los liquidos que se gestionan en los
depositos
controlados de
residuos.The term leachate is used in almost all
environmental sciences, being its most general use the one that corresponds to the leachate of
controlled deposits, so the term leachate is generally associated with liquids that are managed in the
deposits
controlled from
waste.
Por ejemplo, los residuos acuosos procedentes de basureros son "aguas negras cargadas de partlcuias organicas e inorganicas muy toxicas" imposibles de ser vertidas a cauces publicos o ser reutilizadas de alguna otra forma posible, ya que por disposiciones legales medioambientales son incompatibles con el medio ambiente, imposibilitando el desarrollo de la vida de cualquier tipo de organismo y afectando considerablemente el entorno que los circunscribe.For example, aqueous waste from garbage dumps is "sewage water laden with very toxic organic and inorganic particles" impossible to be discharged into public channels or reused in any other possible way, since environmental legal provisions are incompatible with the environment , making life development of any type of organism impossible and considerably affecting the environment that circumscribes them.
Por tanto, se hace necesario la implantacion de sistemas o metodos que adecuen dichas aguas, haciendolas optimas para su vertido controlado, tanto en el cauce de los rios, como para otras aplicaciones como pueda ser el empleo de agua para el riego.Therefore, it is necessary to implement systems or methods that adapt these waters, making them optimal for their controlled discharge, both in the riverbed, and for other applications such as the use of water for irrigation.
Por ello, son conocidas diversas soluciones o tecnicas que intentan solventar dicha problematica descrita, como por ejemplo, la patente espanola 2 183 723 que describe un sistema de depuracion de aguas residuales procedentes de basureros (lixiviados) mediante alcalinizacion y ozonizacion, caracterizado por poseer las siguientes etapas: i) etapa de coagulacion-floculacion; ii) etapa de alcalinizacion y elimination de grasas con hidroxido sodico; iii) etapa de inyeccion de aire a presion y filtration en paralelo; iv) etapa de filtration en lecho de arena, nylon y carbon activo; v) etapa de ozonizacion; vi) etapa de filtracion en lecho de arena, nylon, diatomeas y carbon activo; y finalmente, vii) etapa de osmosis inversa.Therefore, various solutions or techniques are known that attempt to solve said problem described, such as, for example, the Spanish patent 2 183 723 which describes a system for purification of wastewater from garbage dumps (leachate) by alkalization and ozonation, characterized by having the following stages: i) coagulation-flocculation stage; ii) alkalization and elimination stage of fats with sodium hydroxide; iii) stage of injection of air under pressure and filtration in parallel; iv) filtration stage in sand bed, nylon and active carbon; v) stage of ozonation; vi) filtration stage in sand bed, nylon, diatoms and active carbon; and finally, vii) reverse osmosis stage.
Descripcion de la invencionDescription of the invention
El sistema de mineralizacion de lixiviados, objeto de la presente invencion, esta caracterizado porque comprende una balsa inicial que incorpora un filtro situado en la entrada de la propia balsa; y una depuradora, compuesta por una zona de agitation, unaThe leachate mineralization system, object of the present invention, is characterized in that it comprises an initial raft that incorporates a filter located at the entrance of the raft itself; and a treatment plant, composed of a zone of agitation, a
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zona de aireacion, una zona de desnitrificacion y una zona de decantacion; todo ello comandado por unos medios logicos de control.aeration zone, a denitrification zone and a decantation zone; all this commanded by a logical means of control.
Gracias al sistema aqu propuesto, la depuradora biologica define consigue multiplicar la poblacion bacteriana hasta cuatro veces la de cualquier situation existente, y al mismo modo, gracias a la aportacion externa de diversos oliegoelementos, se obtiene un agua de salida libre de metales pesado, es decir, reduciendo las sales, nitratos y fosfatos, por encima de un noventa porciento, obteniendo un agua apta para el riego, como abono o de aportacion a un cauce publico.Thanks to the system proposed here, the defined biological purifier manages to multiply the bacterial population up to four times that of any existing situation, and in the same way, thanks to the external contribution of various trace elements, a heavy metal free water is obtained, it is that is, reducing salts, nitrates and phosphates, above ninety percent, obtaining water suitable for irrigation, as fertilizer or contribution to a public channel.
Una vez transcurrido el periodo de activation, y conseguido su optimo regimen de rendimiento, se obtiene un flujo constante independiente de las condiciones meteorologicas ni de la estacionalidad.Once the activation period has elapsed, and its optimum performance regime has been achieved, a constant flow is obtained independent of weather conditions or seasonality.
Por ello, el procedimiento aqu presentado, propone una gran reduction de los costes energeticos habituales en la depuration de lixiviados, favoreciendo a su vez, la desaparicion de los gases, los olores y los tradicionales costes economicos asociados a la implementation de instalaciones de lodos, eliminando tambien, los procedimientos relacionados con la compactacion, secado, transporte y vertido.Therefore, the procedure presented here proposes a great reduction of the usual energy costs in the depuration of leachates, favoring, in turn, the disappearance of gases, odors and the traditional economic costs associated with the implementation of sludge facilities, also eliminating the procedures related to compaction, drying, transport and pouring.
La eficiencia del sistema viene determinada por la elimination de procesos habituales y muy costosos economicamente, lo que deriva en un ahorro economico en la instalacion de dicho sistema, haciendo mas rentable la instalacion.The efficiency of the system is determined by the elimination of usual and economically expensive processes, which results in an economic saving in the installation of said system, making the installation more profitable.
El sistema de la depuradora de lixiviados se divide en dos fases, una primera fase donde se emplea una balsa inicial, con un filtro de 100 micras situada en la entrada de la instalacion; y una segunda fase, donde se situa una depuradora, dividida en una zona de agitation, una zona de aireacion, una zona de disnitrificacion y una zona de decantacion.The leachate treatment system is divided into two phases, a first phase where an initial raft is used, with a 100 micron filter located at the entrance of the installation; and a second phase, where a sewage plant is located, divided into a zone of agitation, a zone of aeration, a zone of de-nitrification and a zone of decantation.
El proceso de mineralization, hace que todos los metales pesados, las arcillas y un porcentaje muy elevado de las sales, formen floculos que se depositan en la parte inferior de la cubeta de aireacion, en un periodo largo de tiempo (del orden de varios anos), se habra formado una capa de unos pocos cenrimetros, que se extraeran aprovechando una parada de la instalacion para su extraction, depositandolos en contenedores para este tipo de residuo o bien llevandolo a un vertedero especial o gestor autorizado.The mineralization process, makes all heavy metals, clays and a very high percentage of salts, form floccules that are deposited in the lower part of the aeration bucket, over a long period of time (of the order of several years ), a layer of a few centimeters will have been formed, which will be extracted by taking advantage of a stop of the installation for its extraction, depositing them in containers for this type of waste or taking it to a special landfill or authorized manager.
Estos floculos estaran compuestos en un 15% de metales pesados, y en un 85 % de arcillas con partes de sales. Al quedar dichos floculos en el interior de la depuradora, el agua que sale al exterior, esta totalmente exenta de los mismos.These floccules will be composed of 15% heavy metals, and 85% clays with parts of salts. When these floccules remain inside the sewage plant, the water that goes outside is totally free of them.
Gracias al diseno de la instalacion aqu propuesta, se conseguira solventar la problematica asociada a las instalaciones depuradoras de lixiviados, que radican entre otras, en un alto coste de mantenimiento, un alto consumo en electricidad, creation de gases y olores, formation de lodos (instalacion de dependencias para el secado de los mismos), y empleo de caros aditivos para su depuracion.Thanks to the design of the installation proposed here, it will be possible to solve the problems associated with leachate treatment plants, which are among others, at a high maintenance cost, a high consumption in electricity, creation of gases and odors, sludge formation ( installation of dependencies for drying them), and use of expensive additives for purification.
A lo largo de la description y las reivindicaciones la palabra "comprende" y sus variantes no pretenden excluir otras caracteristicas tecnicas, aditivos, componentes o pasos. Para los expertos en la materia, otros objetos, ventajas y caracteristicas de la invention se desprenderan en parte de la descripcion y en parte de la practica de la invencion. Los siguientes ejemplos y dibujos se proporcionan a modo de ilustracion, y no se pretende que restrinjan la presente invencion. Ademas, la presente invencion cubre todas las posiblesThroughout the description and claims the word "comprises" and its variants are not intended to exclude other technical characteristics, additives, components or steps. For those skilled in the art, other objects, advantages and characteristics of the invention will be derived partly from the description and partly from the practice of the invention. The following examples and drawings are provided by way of illustration, and are not intended to restrict the present invention. In addition, the present invention covers all possible
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combinaciones de realizaciones particulares y preferidas aqul indicadas.combinations of particular and preferred embodiments indicated herein.
Breve descripcion de las figurasBrief description of the figures
A continuation se pasa a describir de manera muy breve una serie de dibujos que ayudan a comprender mejor la invention y que se relacionan expresamente con una realization de dicha invencion que se presenta como un ejemplo no limitativo de esta.A series of drawings that help to better understand the invention and that expressly relate to an embodiment of said invention that is presented as a non-limiting example of this is described very briefly below.
FIG 1. Muestra un esquema del sistema de mineralization de lixiviados, objeto de la presente invencion.FIG 1. Shows a scheme of the leachate mineralization system, object of the present invention.
FIG 2. Muestra una vista en detalle de las partes que componen el sistema de mineralizacion de lixiviados.FIG 2. Shows a detailed view of the parts that make up the leachate mineralization system.
Realizacion preferente de la invencionPreferred Embodiment of the Invention
En las figuras adjuntas se muestra una realizacion preferida de la invencion. Mas concretamente, el sistema de mineralizacion de lixiviados, objeto de la presente invencion esta caracterizado porque comprende una balsa inicial (1) que incorpora un filtro (1a), preferentemente de cien micras, situado en la entrada de la propia balsa (1); y una depuradora (2), compuesta por una zona de agitation (2a), una zona de aireacion (2b), una zona de desnitrificacion (2c) y una zona de decantation (2d).A preferred embodiment of the invention is shown in the attached figures. More specifically, the leachate mineralization system, object of the present invention is characterized in that it comprises an initial raft (1) that incorporates a filter (1a), preferably one hundred microns, located at the entrance of the raft itself (1); and a treatment plant (2), composed of a zone of agitation (2a), a zone of aeration (2b), a zone of denitrification (2c) and a zone of decantation (2d).
La zona de agitacion (2a) estara conectada con la balsa (1) mediante un conducto (3), y donde gracias a la presencia de una bomba dosificadora (4) junto con una primer elemento regulador (5) tipo, valvula o llave, que regula el flujo de lixiviado procedente de la balsa (1).The agitation zone (2a) will be connected to the raft (1) through a duct (3), and where thanks to the presence of a metering pump (4) together with a first regulating element (5) type, valve or key, which regulates the flow of leachate from the raft (1).
Dicha zona de agitacion (2a) comprendera una base (6) que incorpora un sistema de agitacion (7), que conseguira homogeneizar el lixiviado, y una bomba dosificadora (8) de nutrientes con oligoelementos, que ayuda a depurar el lixiviado y elimina los olores del mismo.Said agitation zone (2a) will comprise a base (6) that incorporates an agitation system (7), which will homogenize the leachate, and a nutrient metering pump (8) with trace elements, which helps to purify the leaching and eliminates Smells of it.
La zona de aireacion (2b) estara conectada mediante un conducto (3) a la zona de agitacion (2a), que la alimentara de forma regulada gracias a la presencia de un segundo elemento regulador (9). Esta zona de aireacion (2b) comprende una base (10) que dispondra en su parte inferior de una pluralidad de difusores (11) situados sobre un soporte y alimentados por al menos una bomba de aire (12) que inyectan de oxlgeno dicha zona (2b).The aeration zone (2b) will be connected by a duct (3) to the agitation zone (2a), which will feed it in a regulated manner thanks to the presence of a second regulating element (9). This aeration zone (2b) comprises a base (10) that will have in its lower part a plurality of diffusers (11) located on a support and fed by at least one air pump (12) that inject oxygen said zone ( 2b).
En la zona de aireacion (2b) se reproducen las bacterias que consiguen la licuacion de la materia organiza, creandose por una parte unos floculos que se depositaran en el fondo de dicha zona (2b), y por otra parte, un reflujo de llquido hacia la zona de agitacion (2a) mediante el empleo de una segunda bomba dosificadora (13).In the aeration zone (2b) the bacteria that achieve the liquefaction of the organized matter are reproduced, creating on the one hand some flocculations that will be deposited at the bottom of said zone (2b), and on the other hand, a liquid reflux the agitation zone (2a) by using a second metering pump (13).
La zona de desnitrificacion (2c) se encuentra conectada a la zona de aireacion (2b) mediante un conducto (3) y regulado mediante un tercer elemento regulador (14).The denitrification zone (2c) is connected to the aeration zone (2b) by means of a duct (3) and regulated by a third regulating element (14).
Dicha zona de desnitrificacion (2c) comprende una base (15) conectada a un agitador (16) que consigue homogeneizar tanto la parte llquida como la solida del lixiviado en dicha zona (2c). Esta zona (2c) estara en condiciones anaerobicas, de tal forma, que las bacterias se alimentaran del nitrogeno por la ausencia de oxigeno, eliminando el nitrogeno del lixiviado.Said denitrification zone (2c) comprises a base (15) connected to an agitator (16) which manages to homogenize both the liquid and solid part of the leachate in said zone (2c). This zone (2c) will be under anaerobic conditions, so that the bacteria will feed on the nitrogen due to the absence of oxygen, eliminating the nitrogen from the leachate.
La zona de decantacion (2d) estara conectada con la zona de desnitrificacion, mediante un conducto (3) y regulado mediante un cuarto elemento regulador (17). Dicha zona deThe decantation zone (2d) will be connected to the denitrification zone, by means of a conduit (3) and regulated by a fourth regulating element (17). This area of
decantacion (2d) comprende una base (18) cuya parte inferior sera conica, gracias a la cual, se iran decantando los lodos que se distribuiran mediante dos bombas dosificadoras (19, 20) que crearan reflujos del lodo hacia la balsa inicial (1) y la zona de agitacion (2a) de la depuradora (2).Decanting (2d) comprises a base (18) whose lower part will be conical, thanks to which, the sludge that will be distributed by two dosing pumps (19, 20) that will create reflux of the mud towards the initial raft (1) and the agitation zone (2a) of the treatment plant (2).
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El agua obtenida, ya estara depurada y apta para el riego, abono o vertido a cauce publico, y saldra de la depuradora (2) gracias a una quinta valvula (21) situada en la base (18) de la zona de decantacion (2d), que se encuentra conectada con al menos un segundo conducto (22).The water obtained will already be purified and suitable for irrigation, fertilizer or discharge into a public channel, and will leave the treatment plant (2) thanks to a fifth valve (21) located at the base (18) of the decantation zone (2d ), which is connected to at least one second conduit (22).
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Toda la instalacion estara comandada por unos medios logicos de control (23), tipo PLC o similar.The entire installation will be commanded by logical control means (23), PLC type or similar.
El procedimiento de mineralization de lixiviados, comprende:The leachate mineralization process comprises:
15 i) una primera etapa de deposition del lixiviado en una balsa inicial (1);15 i) a first stage of leachate deposition in an initial raft (1);
ii) una segunda etapa de envlo del lixiviado a una depuradora (2);ii) a second stage of sending the leachate to a treatment plant (2);
iii) una tercera etapa de paso del lixiviado por una zona de agitacion (2a), donde se homogeneiza el lixiviado y se anaden nutrientes con oligoelementos;iii) a third stage of leachate passing through an agitation zone (2a), where the leaching is homogenized and nutrients are added with trace elements;
iv) una cuarta etapa de paso del lixiviado por una zona de aireacion (2b), donde se 2 0 alimenta de oxlgeno al lixiviado, se ayudara a la reproduction de bacterias, consiguiendoiv) a fourth stage of leachate passing through an aeration zone (2b), where oxygen is fed to the leachate, will help the reproduction of bacteria, achieving
que licuen la materia organica, y se formen una serie de floculos que se almacenan en el fondo de la zona de aireacion (2b);that liquefy the organic matter, and form a series of floccules that are stored at the bottom of the aeration zone (2b);
v) una quinta etapa de paso del lixiviado por una zona de desnitrificacion (2c), donde se homogeneiza la parte llquida y solida del lixiviado, y donde, en condiciones anaerobicas,v) a fifth stage of leachate passing through a denitrification zone (2c), where the liquid and solid part of the leachate is homogenized, and where, under anaerobic conditions,
2 5 las bacterias se alimentan del nitrogeno del lixiviado, eliminandolo.2 5 the bacteria feed on the leachate nitrogen, eliminating it.
vi) una sexta etapa de paso del lixiviado por una zona de decantacion (2d), donde los lodos se acumulan en la parte inferior de dicha zona (2d), creando un reflujo con la balsa (1) y la zona de agitacion;vi) a sixth stage of the leachate passing through a decantation zone (2d), where the sludge accumulates in the lower part of said zone (2d), creating a reflux with the raft (1) and the agitation zone;
vii) una septima etapa de extraction del agua depurada.vii) a seventh stage of extraction of purified water.
Claims (13)
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| CN110407398A (en) * | 2018-04-28 | 2019-11-05 | 吴炎峰 | A kind of packaged type garbage leachate treatment device |
| CN111675422B (en) * | 2020-05-19 | 2022-07-05 | 舟山旺能环保能源有限公司 | Environment-friendly sewage purification tank |
| ES2891380B2 (en) * | 2020-07-16 | 2022-06-14 | Nova Inmobiliaria 2003 Sl | Leachate or slurry mineralization procedure and system |
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| CN101560039B (en) * | 2009-05-22 | 2011-04-27 | 上海同济建设科技有限公司 | Landfill leachate wastewater treatment system and process thereof |
| CN202936289U (en) * | 2012-12-12 | 2013-05-15 | 四川宇阳环境工程有限公司 | Integrated monitoring system of landfill leachate treatment device |
| CN203269735U (en) * | 2013-05-29 | 2013-11-06 | 中钢集团武汉安全环保研究院有限公司 | Equipment for treating rubbish leachate by utilizing two-stage bioreactors |
| CN203346230U (en) * | 2013-06-29 | 2013-12-18 | 惠州市众惠环保工程有限公司 | Landfill leachate treatment device |
| CN203820605U (en) * | 2014-04-30 | 2014-09-10 | 潘志成 | Landfill leachate treatment system achieving national first-level A emission standard |
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