ES2541226B2 - Blood phantom - Google Patents
Blood phantom Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- ES2541226B2 ES2541226B2 ES201430037A ES201430037A ES2541226B2 ES 2541226 B2 ES2541226 B2 ES 2541226B2 ES 201430037 A ES201430037 A ES 201430037A ES 201430037 A ES201430037 A ES 201430037A ES 2541226 B2 ES2541226 B2 ES 2541226B2
- Authority
- ES
- Spain
- Prior art keywords
- solution
- blood
- phantom according
- approximately
- blood phantom
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K35/00—Medicinal preparations containing materials or reaction products thereof with undetermined constitution
- A61K35/12—Materials from mammals; Compositions comprising non-specified tissues or cells; Compositions comprising non-embryonic stem cells; Genetically modified cells
- A61K35/14—Blood; Artificial blood
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
- G09B23/28—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for medicine
Abstract
Un fantoma de sangre que comprende una mezcla de una disolución apolar, una disolución polar y un compuesto anfipático, en donde la disolución apolar tiene una densidad menor que el compuesto anfipático y que la disolución polar, y el compuesto anfipático tiene una densidad mayor que la disolución apolar y menor que la disolución polar.A blood phantom comprising a mixture of a nonpolar solution, a polar solution and an amphipathic compound, wherein the apolar solution has a density less than the amphipathic compound and that the polar solution, and the amphipathic compound has a density greater than apolar solution and less than polar solution.
Description
55
1010
15fifteen
20twenty
2525
3030
3535
4040
45Four. Five
50fifty
DESCRIPCIONDESCRIPTION
Fantoma de sangre.Blood phantom
SECTOR DE LA TECNICATECHNICAL SECTOR
La presente invention se relaciona con el sector hematologico y cllnico, en particular con la simulation de la sangre para la experimentation in vitro, su uso en aprendizaje cllnico y desarrollo de maquinaria cllnica.The present invention relates to the hematological and clinical sector, in particular with the simulation of blood for in vitro experimentation, its use in clinical learning and development of clinical machinery.
ESTADO ANTERIOR DE LA TECNICAPREVIOUS STATE OF THE TECHNIQUE
La sangre es un tejido fluido que circula por capilares, venas y arterias de todos los vertebrados. Es un tipo de tejido conjuntivo especializado, con una matriz coloidal llquida y una constitution compleja. Tiene una fase solida compuesta por leucocitos (o globulos blancos) y eritrocitos (o globulos rojos) entre otros, y una fase llquida, representada por el plasma sangulneo. La fase solida constituye alrededor del 45% de la sangre, y el 55% esta representado por el plasma sangulneo.Blood is a fluid tissue that circulates in capillaries, veins and arteries of all vertebrates. It is a type of specialized connective tissue, with a liquid colloidal matrix and a complex constitution. It has a solid phase composed of leukocytes (or white blood cells) and erythrocytes (or red blood cells) among others, and a liquid phase, represented by the blood plasma. The solid phase constitutes about 45% of the blood, and 55% is represented by the blood plasma.
En el sector de la hematologla, cada vez es mayor la demanda de simuladores de sangre para su uso en experimentacion in vitro, en el aprendizaje cllnico y en el desarrollo y calibration de maquinaria cllnica. Algunas de las caracterlsticas mas buscadas de estos simuladores, como puede ser en el caso de las practicas de manipulation y extraction de muestras de sangre o en el manejo de la centrifugation de las muestras de sangre, son que tengan las caracterlsticas reologicas, como es la viscosidad, y de densidad, similares a la sangre completa, a los globulos rojos, a la fase leucocitaria y al plasma, en las distintas condiciones de trabajo.In the hematology sector, there is an increasing demand for blood simulators for use in in vitro experimentation, in clinical learning and in the development and calibration of clinical machinery. Some of the most sought-after characteristics of these simulators, such as in the case of manipulation and extraction of blood samples or in the handling of the centrifugation of blood samples, are that they have the rheological characteristics, such as viscosity, and density, similar to whole blood, red blood cells, leukocyte phase and plasma, in different working conditions.
El documento ES 2343778 A1 divulga un fantoma de sangre humana que reproduce el tamano de los elementos formes de la fase solida, la composition porcentual y la viscosidad de la sangre, mediante una base coloidal de Agar-Agar en agua, micropartlculas inertes, y colorante rojo. Este simulador tiene caracterlsticas reologicas similares a las de la sangre y valores de densidad similares a los de los elementos formes de la sangre.Document ES 2343778 A1 discloses a phantom of human blood that reproduces the size of the solid elements of the solid phase, the percentage composition and the viscosity of the blood, by means of a colloidal Agar-Agar base in water, inert microparticles, and dye Red. This simulator has rheological characteristics similar to those of blood and density values similar to those of the blood elements.
EXPOSICION DE LA INVENCIONEXHIBITION OF THE INVENTION
El objeto de la invencion es el de proporcionar un fantoma de sangre segun se describe a continuacion.The object of the invention is to provide a blood phantom as described below.
El fantoma de sangre de la invencion comprende una mezcla de una disolucion apolar, una disolucion polar y un compuesto anfipatico, en donde la disolucion apolar tiene una densidad menor que el compuesto anfipatico y que la disolucion polar, y el compuesto anfipatico tiene una densidad mayor que la disolucion apolar y menor que la disolucion polar.The blood phantom of the invention comprises a mixture of an apolar solution, a polar solution and an amphipathic compound, wherein the apolar solution has a lower density than the amphipathic compound and that the polar solution, and the amphipathic compound has a higher density. that the apolar solution and less than the polar solution.
Los parametros de polaridad y de densidad de la invencion favorecen el comportamiento similar en procesos de agitation y/o centrifugacion de muestras de sangre y de manipulacion de las distintas fases que forman la muestra de sangre, siendo util en el aprendizaje cllnico, como puede ser en el aprendizaje del proceso de separation y extraccion de plaquetas ricas en factores de crecimiento, y/o la calibracion de maquinaria cllnica en el que la densidad y/o la viscosidad de la muestra de sangre y/o de las tres fases que la componen sea crltica.The polarity and density parameters of the invention favor similar behavior in processes of agitation and / or centrifugation of blood samples and manipulation of the different phases that form the blood sample, being useful in clinical learning, such as in learning the process of separation and extraction of platelets rich in growth factors, and / or the calibration of clinical machinery in which the density and / or viscosity of the blood sample and / or the three phases that compose it Be critical.
Este fantoma evita el uso de muestras de sangre reales, las cuales ademas de requerir medidas preventivas de bioseguridad, son un bien de gran valor pero limitado. Otra ventaja adicional es que este fantoma es sintetico y bioseguro, por lo que no requiere mecanismos de protectionThis phantom avoids the use of real blood samples, which in addition to requiring biosafety preventive measures, are a good of great value but limited. Another additional advantage is that this phantom is synthetic and biosafety, so it does not require protection mechanisms
55
1010
15fifteen
20twenty
2525
3030
3535
4040
45Four. Five
50fifty
adicionales a los requeridos al uso de un compuesto qulmico.additional to those required to use a chemical compound.
Estas y otras ventajas y caracterlsticas de la invention se haran evidentes a la vista de las figuras y de la description detallada de la invencion.These and other advantages and characteristics of the invention will become apparent in view of the figures and the detailed description of the invention.
DESCRIPCION DE LOS DIBUJOSDESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
La figura 1 muestra una representation grafica de un fantoma de sangre centrifugado en un tubo de ensayo.Figure 1 shows a graphic representation of a blood phantom centrifuged in a test tube.
La figura 2 muestra los valores de viscosidad y la velocidad de deformation de un fantoma de sangre.Figure 2 shows the viscosity values and the deformation rate of a blood phantom.
EXPOSICION DETALLADA DE LA INVENCIONDETAILED EXHIBITION OF THE INVENTION
Los inventores han desarrollado un fantoma de sangre caracterizado porque comprende una mezcla de una disolucion apolar, una disolucion polar y un compuesto anfipatico, en donde la disolucion apolar tiene una densidad menor que el compuesto anfipatico y que la disolucion polar, y el compuesto anfipatico tiene una densidad mayor que la disolucion apolar y menor que la disolucion polar.The inventors have developed a blood phantom characterized in that it comprises a mixture of a nonpolar solution, a polar solution and an amphipathic compound, wherein the apolar solution has a lower density than the amphipathic compound and that the polar solution, and the amphipathic compound has a density greater than the apolar solution and less than the polar solution.
En el contexto de la presente invencion el termino "fantoma” se refiere a un modelo o simulador que representa a algun sistema, organo o biofluido de un cuerpo humano o animal.In the context of the present invention the term "phantom" refers to a model or simulator that represents some system, organ or biofluid of a human or animal body.
La sangre es un fluido coloidal homogeneo. Si esta sangre se somete a un proceso de centrifugation, una de las practicas cllnicas mas habituales en el sector de la hematologla, se observa que se separa en tres capas que reflejan la heterogeneidad de los componentes que forma la sangre, en donde la capa inferior corresponde a los globulos rojos, la intermedia a la fase leucocitaria y la superior, al plasma. No obstante, si se agita, vuelve a obtener un aspecto homogeneo.Blood is a homogeneous colloidal fluid. If this blood is subjected to a centrifugation process, one of the most common clinical practices in the hematology sector, it is observed that it separates into three layers that reflect the heterogeneity of the components that form the blood, where the lower layer corresponds to the red blood cells, the intermediate to the leukocyte phase and the superior to the plasma. However, if it is agitated, it returns to obtain a homogeneous appearance.
Considerando todos estos parametros, los inventores establecen una disolucion apolar que simula al plasma sangulneo; una disolucion polar que simula a los globulos rojos; y un compuesto anfipatico o tensioactivo, que simula a la fase leucocitaria. El tensioactivo influye por medio de la tension superficial en la superficie de contacto entre las dos disoluciones inmiscibles, que al agitar hace que se genere una emulsion.Considering all these parameters, the inventors establish an apolar solution that simulates the blood plasma; a polar solution that simulates red blood cells; and an amphipathic or surfactant compound, which simulates the leukocyte phase. The surfactant influences by means of the surface tension on the contact surface between the two immiscible solutions, which by stirring causes an emulsion to be generated.
La densidad de las distintas partes que forman el fantoma es uno de los parametros a simular. En la presente invencion, la disolucion apolar tiene una densidad menor que el compuesto anfipatico y que la disolucion polar, y el compuesto anfipatico tiene una densidad mayor que la disolucion apolar y menor que la disolucion polar.The density of the different parts that form the phantom is one of the parameters to simulate. In the present invention, the apolar solution has a density less than the amphipathic compound and that the polar solution, and the amphipathic compound has a density greater than the apolar solution and less than the polar solution.
Preferentemente, la densidad de la disolucion polar es de, aproximadamente, entre 1,00 y 1,11 gr/cm3, simulando asl la densidad de los globulos rojos humanos.Preferably, the density of the polar solution is approximately between 1.00 and 1.11 gr / cm 3, thus simulating the density of human red blood cells.
En ocasiones interesa simular ademas la viscosidad, por lo que la disolucion apolar, que simula al plasma tiene preferentemente, una viscosidad de, aproximadamente, entre 1,05 y 1,70 mPa y la disolucion polar, que simula a los globulos rojos, tiene preferentemente una viscosidad de, aproximadamente, entre 0,015 y 0,03 mPa.Sometimes it is also interesting to simulate viscosity, so the apolar solution, which simulates plasma preferably has a viscosity of approximately 1.05 to 1.70 mPa, and the polar solution, which simulates red blood cells, has preferably a viscosity of approximately 0.015 to 0.03 mPa.
Los valores de la viscosidad se consideran en las condiciones de temperatura de trabajo o de manipulacion del fantoma.Viscosity values are considered in the working temperature or phantom handling conditions.
55
1010
15fifteen
20twenty
2525
3030
3535
4040
45Four. Five
50fifty
Por tanto, la presente invention es capaz de simular el comportamiento de la sangre tanto en reposo como centrifugado, siendo util en el aprendizaje cllnico, como puede ser en el aprendizaje del proceso de separation y extraction de plaquetas ricas en factores de crecimiento, y/o la calibration de maquinaria cllnica en el que la viscosidad y/o la densidad de la muestra de sangre y/o de las tres fases que la componen sea crltica.Therefore, the present invention is able to simulate the behavior of blood both at rest and centrifugal, being useful in clinical learning, as it can be in learning the process of separation and extraction of platelets rich in growth factors, and / or the calibration of clinical machinery in which the viscosity and / or density of the blood sample and / or the three phases that compose it is critical.
En la figura 1, se representa un fantoma centrifugado, en el que se distingue la disolucion polar 1, el compuesto anfipatico 2 y la disolucion apolar 3.In figure 1, a centrifuged phantom is represented, in which polar solution 1, amphipathic compound 2 and apolar solution 3 are distinguished.
En una realization preferente de la invencion, la disolucion apolar esta en una proportion entre 47 y 51% (v/v), preferentemente 49%, la disolucion polar esta en una proporcion entre 47 y 51% (v/v), preferentemente 49%, y el compuesto anfipatico entre 1 y 3% (v/v), preferentemente 2%, siendo la suma de los tres 100%. De esta manera se simulan las cantidades porcentuales de las tres fases de la sangre humana.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the apolar solution is in a proportion between 47 and 51% (v / v), preferably 49%, the polar solution is in a proportion between 47 and 51% (v / v), preferably 49 %, and the amphipathic compound between 1 and 3% (v / v), preferably 2%, the sum of the three being 100%. In this way the percentage amounts of the three phases of human blood are simulated.
Preferentemente, tanto la disolucion apolar como la polar son llquidas, las cuales se caracterizan por ser homogeneas, poseyendo las mismas propiedades en toda la muestra.Preferably, both the apolar and polar solution are liquid, which are characterized by being homogeneous, having the same properties throughout the sample.
En cuanto a la disolucion apolar, preferentemente comprende al menos un alcano alifatico o una mezcla de alcanos alifaticos. En una realizacion dicho alcano alifatico tiene entre 11 y 13 carbonos, preferentemente 11 carbonos. Estos alcanos se caracterizan por ser llquidos, tener un caracter apolar y comprenden una viscosidad entre 1,05 y 1,07 mPas, en una condition de trabajo en el rango de 23-25°C. En otra realizacion, dicha mezcla de alcanos alifaticos tiene una fraction masica de, aproximadamente, entre 0,4 y 0,6 de C18H38 en C9H20 o en C10H22, preferentemente de 0,5.As for the apolar solution, it preferably comprises at least one aliphatic alkane or a mixture of aliphatic alkanes. In one embodiment said aliphatic alkane has between 11 and 13 carbons, preferably 11 carbons. These alkanes are characterized by being liquid, having an apolar character and comprise a viscosity between 1.05 and 1.07 mPas, in a working condition in the range of 23-25 ° C. In another embodiment, said mixture of aliphatic alkanes has a mass fraction of approximately 0.4 to 0.6 of C18H38 in C9H20 or in C10H22, preferably 0.5.
Por fraccion masica se entiende la masa de soluto presente por unidad de masa de disolucion (cociente entre la masa de soluto y masa de disolucion).Mass fraction means the mass of solute present per unit of dissolution mass (quotient between solute mass and dissolution mass).
Respecto a la disolucion polar, preferentemente se trata de una disolucion polimerica.With regard to the polar solution, it is preferably a polymer solution.
Una de las propiedades de las soluciones polimericas es la viscosidad, la cual depende de la estructura qulmica del pollmero, de las interacciones con el disolvente y del peso molecular. Normalmente, una molecula de alto peso molecular en un buen disolvente adquiere un gran volumen hidrodinamico y la viscosidad de la solution aumenta. En el caso de los polielectrolitos, el volumen hidrodinamico depende, no solo del peso molecular, sino tambien del numero y distribution de grupos ionicos en la cadena del pollmero. Los grupos ionicos pueden causar repulsion entre las cadenas, lo cual da lugar a una expansion de la molecula y, en consecuencia, un incremento de la viscosidad de la solucion.One of the properties of the polymer solutions is the viscosity, which depends on the chemical structure of the polymer, on the interactions with the solvent and on the molecular weight. Normally, a high molecular weight molecule in a good solvent acquires a large hydrodynamic volume and the viscosity of the solution increases. In the case of polyelectrolytes, the hydrodynamic volume depends, not only on the molecular weight, but also on the number and distribution of ionic groups in the polymer chain. Ionic groups can cause repulsion between the chains, which results in an expansion of the molecule and, consequently, an increase in the viscosity of the solution.
Ejemplos de pollmeros incluyen, sin limitation, alcohol polivinllico, acetato de polivinilo, polietilenglicol, polivinilpirrolidona, polietanol o poliacrilmida. En la realizacion preferente, la disolucion polar comprende una disolucion polimerica de poliacrilamida en agua, preferentemente en una fraccion masica, aproximadamente, entre 0,25 y 0,30 de poliacrilamida en agua.Examples of polymers include, without limitation, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate, polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyethanol or polyacrylamide. In the preferred embodiment, the polar solution comprises a polymeric solution of polyacrylamide in water, preferably in a mass fraction, approximately, between 0.25 and 0.30 of polyacrylamide in water.
El compuesto anfipatico es un emulgente o emulsionante que reduce la tension superficial de las diferentes disoluciones que favorece la creation de una emulsion. Este compuesto anfipatico preferentemente esta formado por al menos un tensioactivo. Ejemplos de tensioactivos incluyen, sin limitacion, los jabones y los detergentes.The amphipathic compound is an emulsifier or emulsifier that reduces the surface tension of the different solutions that favors the creation of an emulsion. This amphipathic compound is preferably formed by at least one surfactant. Examples of surfactants include, without limitation, soaps and detergents.
En una realizacion preferente, el compuesto anfipatico es una mezcla que comprende agua, hidroxido de sodio, cloruro sodico y acido oleico, preferentemente en una concentration masica,In a preferred embodiment, the amphipathic compound is a mixture comprising water, sodium hydroxide, sodium chloride and oleic acid, preferably in a mass concentration,
55
1010
15fifteen
20twenty
2525
3030
3535
4040
45Four. Five
50fifty
entre un 85% y 90%, preferentemente un 87% (p/v) de agua, entre 1% y 3%, preferentemente un 2,1% (p/v) de hidroxido de sodio, entre 0,1% y 0,5%, preferentemente un 0,2% (p/v) de cloruro sodico y entre 8% y 12%, preferentemente un 10% (p/v) de acido oleico.between 85% and 90%, preferably 87% (w / v) of water, between 1% and 3%, preferably 2.1% (w / v) of sodium hydroxide, between 0.1% and 0 , 5%, preferably 0.2% (w / v) of sodium chloride and between 8% and 12%, preferably 10% (w / v) of oleic acid.
Por concentration masica se entiende por la masa de soluto presente por unidad de volumen de disolucion (cociente entre masa de soluto y volumen de disolucion).Mass concentration is understood as the mass of solute present per unit volume of solution (ratio between mass of solute and volume of solution).
La presente invention, en su estado de emulsion, presenta un comportamiento No-Newtoniano, es decir, se trata de un fluido cuya viscosidad varla con la temperatura y el tiempo. Como resultado, un fluido no newtoniano no tiene un valor de viscosidad definido y constante, a diferencia de un fluido newtoniano.The present invention, in its emulsion state, has a Non-Newtonian behavior, that is, it is a fluid whose viscosity varies with temperature and time. As a result, a non-Newtonian fluid does not have a defined and constant viscosity value, unlike a Newtonian fluid.
En condiciones de trabajo de entre 23 y 25°C, el fantoma comprende preferentemente una viscosidad aproximadamente, entre 7mPa y 10 mPa, con una velocidad de deformation de, aproximadamente, entre 150 segundos-1 y 250 segundos-1. De esta manera se consigue la simulation de la sangre completa tratada con heparina en estado de reposo en dichas condiciones de trabajo.Under working conditions between 23 and 25 ° C, the phantom preferably comprises a viscosity approximately, between 7mPa and 10 mPa, with a deformation rate of approximately between 150 seconds-1 and 250 seconds-1. In this way, the simulation of whole blood treated with heparin at rest in these working conditions is achieved.
En ocasiones interesa que el fantoma tenga un color, bien para simular el color rojo de la sangre o bien mediante otro color distinguirlo frente a una muestra de sangre real, por lo que la presente invencion comprende preferentemente al menos un colorante.Sometimes it is interesting that the phantom has a color, either to simulate the red color of the blood or by another color to distinguish it from a real blood sample, so that the present invention preferably comprises at least one dye.
En la realization preferente, comprende al menos el colorante C18H14N2Na2O8S2 (conocido tambien como Rojo Allura) simulando asl el color rojo de la sangre y de los globulos rojos.In the preferred embodiment, it comprises at least the C18H14N2Na2O8S2 dye (also known as Allura Red) thus simulating the red color of blood and red blood cells.
Otra ventaja de la invencion es que el proceso de fabrication de la invencion no presenta ninguna complejidad ya que comprende mezclar los distintos componentes y agitarlos o calentarlos en bano maria por encima de 40° hasta una completa disolucion.Another advantage of the invention is that the manufacturing process of the invention does not present any complexity since it comprises mixing the different components and stirring or heating them in a water bath above 40 ° until a complete dissolution.
Si bien la presente invencion se centra en un fantoma de sangre, las diferentes partes que comprenden dicho fantoma ademas se comportan como fantomas de plasma y/o de globulos rojos y/o de la fase leucocitaria.Although the present invention focuses on a blood phantom, the different parts that comprise said phantom also behave like plasma and / or red blood cell and / or leukocyte phase symptoms.
A continuation, se describe un ejemplo ilustrativo que pone de manifiesto las caracterlsticas y ventajas de la invencion, no obstante, no se debe interpretar como limitativo del objeto de la invencion tal como esta definido en las reivindicaciones.Next, an illustrative example is described that demonstrates the features and advantages of the invention, however, it should not be construed as limiting the object of the invention as defined in the claims.
Ejemplo:Example:
Ejemplo 1: Obtencion de un fantoma de sangre para su utilization a una temperatura de trabajo de aproximadamente 25°C.Example 1: Obtaining a blood phantom for use at a working temperature of approximately 25 ° C.
Para la preparation de la disolucion polar se disolvieron 28 gr de poliacrilamida en 100ml de agua.For the preparation of the polar solution, 28 g of polyacrylamide were dissolved in 100 ml of water.
Para la preparacion del compuesto anfipatico se mezclaron 25gr de hidroxido de sodio, 2gr de cloruro sodico y 125 ml de acido oleico en 1 litro de agua.For the preparation of the amphipathic compound 25gr of sodium hydroxide, 2gr of sodium chloride and 125 ml of oleic acid were mixed in 1 liter of water.
Se mezclaron la 4 ml de disolucion polar, 0,6 gr de la mezcla anfipatica, 4 mL de componente apolar y 0,03 gr de C18H14N2Na2O8S2, y se agito vigorosamente hasta su completa disolucion.The 4 ml of polar solution, 0.6 g of the amphipathic mixture, 4 ml of apolar component and 0.03 g of C18H14N2N2O8S2 were mixed, and stirred vigorously until completely dissolved.
Una vez mezclado se midieron la densidad y la viscosidad dinamica, mediante un denslmetro Anton Paar DMA 5000 y un microviscosimetro de calda de bola Anton Paar AMVn,Once mixed, the density and dynamic viscosity were measured, using an Anton Paar DMA 5000 densimeter and a Anton Paar AMVn ball broth micro-meter.
respectivamente, obteniendo unos valores de 1,039 gr/cm3 y 10.5 mPa.s con una velocidad de deformacion de, aproximadamente, entre 150 segundos-1 y 250 segundos-1 a una temperatura de trabajo de 25°C.respectively, obtaining values of 1,039 gr / cm3 and 10.5 mPa.s with a deformation rate of approximately 150 seconds-1 and 250 seconds-1 at a working temperature of 25 ° C.
5 En la figura 2 se representa la evolucion de la velocidad de deformacion de la muestra preparada en el ejemplo.5 Figure 2 shows the evolution of the strain rate of the sample prepared in the example.
Claims (14)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES201430037A ES2541226B2 (en) | 2014-01-15 | 2014-01-15 | Blood phantom |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES201430037A ES2541226B2 (en) | 2014-01-15 | 2014-01-15 | Blood phantom |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ES2541226A1 ES2541226A1 (en) | 2015-07-16 |
| ES2541226B2 true ES2541226B2 (en) | 2016-02-12 |
Family
ID=53531893
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES201430037A Active ES2541226B2 (en) | 2014-01-15 | 2014-01-15 | Blood phantom |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| ES (1) | ES2541226B2 (en) |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5835485B2 (en) * | 1976-02-03 | 1983-08-03 | 株式会社ミドリ十字 | oxygen delivery infusion |
| JPS59119265A (en) * | 1982-12-27 | 1984-07-10 | Kainosu:Kk | Preparation of standard serum for antigen-antibody reaction |
| US5502094A (en) * | 1994-05-20 | 1996-03-26 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Physiologically acceptable emulsions containing perfluorocarbon ether hydrides and methods for use |
-
2014
- 2014-01-15 ES ES201430037A patent/ES2541226B2/en active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ES2541226A1 (en) | 2015-07-16 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Mace et al. | Aqueous multiphase systems of polymers and surfactants provide self-assembling step-gradients in density | |
| Aberkane et al. | Thermodynamic characterization of acacia gum− β-lactoglobulin complex coacervation | |
| Niu et al. | Synergistic effects of ovalbumin/gum arabic complexes on the stability of emulsions exposed to environmental stress | |
| Menger et al. | Anatomy of a coacervate | |
| de Souza et al. | Effect of ionic liquids as adjuvants on PEG-based ABS formation and the extraction of two probe dyes | |
| Rogers | Textbook of comparative physiology | |
| Zhang et al. | Aqueous biphasic systems formed by deep eutectic solvent and new-type salts for the high-performance extraction of pigments | |
| Lasser et al. | Biochemical and fine structure studies on the water-insoluble components of the calf lens | |
| Philippova | Responsive polymer gels | |
| CN107073165A (en) | Modulator approach, microcarrier and its application of microcarrier | |
| ES2541226B2 (en) | Blood phantom | |
| Sakuta et al. | Aqueous/aqueous micro phase separation: construction of an artificial model of cellular assembly | |
| BR0312132A (en) | Porous gelatin material, gelatin structures, methods for preparing them and uses for them | |
| Kudaibergenov et al. | Behaviors of quenched polyampholytes in solution and gel state | |
| Boyd | Safer and greener polymer demonstrations for STEM outreach | |
| ES2731375T3 (en) | Procedure for the enrichment of microvesicles | |
| CN109311066A (en) | For being applied to the surfactant additive of the digital micro-fluid device of high protein content droplet transport | |
| Shiff et al. | A trap for the detection of schistosome cercariae | |
| Toole et al. | Essential AS biology for OCR | |
| Warren et al. | The adhesive dendritic pseudopodium of the platelet and the release reaction | |
| Wolf | Plasmoptysis and gelation of erythrocytes in coagulation of blood of freshwater bony fishes | |
| Ur‐Rehman et al. | Kinetics study of biopolymers mixture with the help of confocal laser scanning microscopy | |
| Wangboon et al. | Computational analysis of blood parameters separate by centrifuge technique | |
| Rideal | James William McBain, 1882-1953 | |
| Bharambe et al. | ADP-Regulated MiD51-Phospholipid Interactions Couple Cellular Bioenergetics to Mitochondrial Membrane Remodeling |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FG2A | Definitive protection |
Ref document number: 2541226 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: B2 Effective date: 20160212 |