ES2533914B1 - Heating furnace - Google Patents
Heating furnace Download PDFInfo
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- ES2533914B1 ES2533914B1 ES201331569A ES201331569A ES2533914B1 ES 2533914 B1 ES2533914 B1 ES 2533914B1 ES 201331569 A ES201331569 A ES 201331569A ES 201331569 A ES201331569 A ES 201331569A ES 2533914 B1 ES2533914 B1 ES 2533914B1
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- combustion
- combustion chamber
- post
- heating furnace
- heating
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- Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
Abstract
Horno calefactor.#Este horno comprende: una cámara de combustión (1) y una cámara de post-combustión (2) dotadas de unas puertas de carga o suministro de combustible; un conducto (16) para el paso de los productos de la gasificación de la cámara de combustión (1) a la cámara de post-combustión (2); un intercambiador de calor (5) adecuado para transferir calor al agua de un sistema de calefacción y dispuesto en la zona superior de la cámara de post-combustión (2); un ventilador de soplado (6) adecuado para el suministro del aire a las cámaras de combustión (1) y de postcombustión (2) a través de respectivas toberas (7, 9); unos medios de regulación de la temperatura del agua de calefacción, en circulación por el intercambiador a través de una regulación de intensidad de la combustión; y unos medios para la evacuación de los humos de la cámara de post-combustión (2).Heating furnace. # This furnace comprises: a combustion chamber (1) and a post-combustion chamber (2) equipped with loading or fuel supply doors; a conduit (16) for the passage of gasification products from the combustion chamber (1) to the post-combustion chamber (2); a heat exchanger (5) suitable for transferring heat to the water of a heating system and arranged in the upper area of the post-combustion chamber (2); a blower fan (6) suitable for the supply of air to the combustion chambers (1) and post-combustion chambers (2) through respective nozzles (7, 9); means for regulating the temperature of the heating water, circulating through the exchanger through a combustion intensity regulation; and means for the evacuation of the fumes from the post-combustion chamber (2).
Description
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DESCRIPCIONDESCRIPTION
Horno calefactor Objeto de la invencion.Heating furnace Object of the invention.
La invencion se refiere a un horno calefactor adecuado para calentar agua de calefaccion.The invention relates to a heating oven suitable for heating heating water.
La construction del horno calefactor esta realizada teniendo en cuenta las exigencias de un equipamiento tecnologico que trabaje en regimen ininterrumpido sin cambio de piezas.The construction of the heating oven is carried out taking into account the requirements of a technological equipment that works in an uninterrupted regime without changing parts.
Campo de aplicacion de la invencionField of application of the invention
El horno calefactor se utiliza en el calentamiento con agua de locales industriales, viviendas, locales ganaderos, hangares, estaciones de vehlculos, etc. y tambien para el secado de granos, madera y otros productos.The heating furnace is used in the heating with water of industrial premises, homes, livestock farms, hangars, vehicle stations, etc. and also for drying grains, wood and other products.
Estado de la tecnica.State of the art.
Actualmente son ampliamente conocidas las calderas de calefaccion que trabajan con combustibles llquidos, tales como gasoil o hidrocarburos diversos, y que disponen de un quemador encargado de producir la combustion y calentar el agua circulante de un circuito de calefaccion que circula por un intercambiador.Currently, heating boilers that work with liquid fuels, such as diesel or various hydrocarbons, and have a burner in charge of producing combustion and heating the circulating water of a heating circuit that circulates through an exchanger, are widely known.
Estos combustibles son limitados y tienen un coste elevado, por lo que la utilizacion de calderas que funcionan con estos combustibles tiene unos costes elevados de consumo, haciendo practicamente inviable su utilization cuando se desea calefactar grandes recintos.These fuels are limited and have a high cost, so the use of boilers that work with these fuels has high consumption costs, making their utilization practically unfeasible when it is desired to heat large enclosures.
Tambien son conocidas las calderas que disponen de una camara de combustion para la introduction de combustibles solidos, tales como lena, carbon o similares, y de un intercambiador para el calentamiento del agua circulante de un circuito de calefaccion.Also known are boilers that have a combustion chamber for the introduction of solid fuels, such as fuelwood, coal or the like, and an exchanger for heating the circulating water of a heating circuit.
Estas calderas permiten consumir combustibles producidos especlficamente con este fin, por ejemplo madera procedente de explotaciones de madera, con tala controlada, pero presentan unas limitaciones lo que se refiere al limitado poder calorlfico que se puede alcanzar en la camara de combustion, lo que impide un aprovechamiento adecuado del combustible y a la elevada temperatura a la que son liberados los gases y humos a la atmosfera.These boilers make it possible to consume fuels produced specifically for this purpose, for example wood from wood farms, with controlled logging, but they have limitations regarding the limited calorific value that can be achieved in the combustion chamber, which prevents adequate use of fuel and the high temperature at which gases and fumes are released into the atmosphere.
El problema tecnico que se plantea es el desarrollo de un horno calefactor que quemar completamente aquellos combustibles solidos que no son estandar por su forma y tambien combustible solido troceado o desmenuzado, alcanzar un rendimiento elevado y evitar la liberation al exterior de gases a una temperatura superior a los 200°C.The technical problem that arises is the development of a heating furnace that completely burns those solid fuels that are not standard for their shape and also chopped or crumbled solid fuel, achieve high performance and avoid the release of gases at a higher temperature outside at 200 ° C.
Descripcion de la invencion.Description of the invention.
El horno calefactor objeto de la invencion, comprendiendo: una camara de combustion de residuos y combustibles solidos; un intercambiador de calor adecuado para transferir el calor de la combustion al agua en circulation, de un sistema de calefaccion; y un tubo de salida de humos de la combustion; presenta unas caracterlsticas orientadas a conseguir los objetivos propuestos.The heating oven object of the invention, comprising: a combustion chamber of solid waste and fuels; a heat exchanger suitable for transferring the heat of combustion to the circulating water of a heating system; and a combustion flue outlet pipe; It presents some characteristics oriented to achieve the proposed objectives.
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Para ello, y de acuerdo con la invencion, este horno calefactor comprende una camara de combustion y una camara de post-combustion, o combustion retardada, dotadas de una puertas de carga o suministro de combustible.For this, and according to the invention, this heating furnace comprises a combustion chamber and a post-combustion chamber, or delayed combustion, provided with a loading or fuel supply doors.
En la camara de combustion se introducen los residuos a quemar; y en la misma transcurre el proceso de combustion con un coeficiente menor de exceso de aire.In the combustion chamber the waste to be burned is introduced; and in the same goes the combustion process with a lower coefficient of excess air.
Como resultado de la combustion incompleta (gasificacion), ocurre la descomposicion de las duras uniones organicas en componentes gaseosos, que incluyen, ademas de los productos de la combustion completa, oxido de carbono, hidrogeno y un sinfln de hidrocarburos.As a result of incomplete combustion (gasification), decomposition of the hard organic bonds into gaseous components occurs, which include, in addition to the products of complete combustion, carbon oxide, hydrogen and a host of hydrocarbons.
El horno comprende entre las camaras de combustion y de post- combustion un conducto de comunicacion para el paso de los productos de la gasificacion de la camara de combustion a la camara de post- combustion.The oven comprises between the combustion and post-combustion chambers a communication conduit for the passage of the products of the gasification of the combustion chamber to the post-combustion chamber.
En dicha camara de post-combustion caliente, se produce la combustion de los productos de la gasificacion procedentes de la camara de combustion, con un coeficiente de exceso de aire de 1,2 a 1,3; alcanzandose en dicha camara de post-combustion se desarrolla a una temperatura del orden de 1100°C a 1300 °C, lo que proporciona unas condiciones adecuadas para la completa oxidacion de los productos de gasificacion hasta el gas carbonico y vapores de agua.In said hot post-combustion chamber, combustion of the gasification products from the combustion chamber occurs, with an excess air coefficient of 1.2 to 1.3; reaching in said post-combustion chamber it develops at a temperature of the order of 1100 ° C to 1300 ° C, which provides adequate conditions for the complete oxidation of the gasification products to carbonic gas and water vapors.
El intercambiador de calor encargado de calentar el agua circulante de un circuito de calefaccion se encuentra dispuesto en la zona superior de la camara de post-combustion.The heat exchanger responsible for heating the circulating water of a heating circuit is arranged in the upper area of the post-combustion chamber.
Este horno calefactor comprende adicionalmente; un ventilador de soplado adecuado para el suministro del aire a las camaras de combustion y de post-combustion a traves de respectivas toberas; unos medios de regulation de la temperatura del agua de calefaccion en circulation por el intercambiador a traves de una regulacion de intensidad de la combustion y unos medios para la evacuacion de los humos de la camara de postcombustion.This heating oven further comprises; a blower fan suitable for supplying air to combustion and post-combustion chambers through respective nozzles; means for regulating the temperature of the heating water in circulation through the exchanger through a regulation of combustion intensity and means for the evacuation of the fumes from the postcombustion chamber.
Los medios de regulacion de la temperatura del agua de calefaccion comprenden unas compuertas electricas, de accionamiento manual o automatico, adecuadas para controlar de aire suministrado por el ventilador de soplado a la camara de combustion y a la camara de post-combustion.The means for regulating the temperature of the heating water comprise electric gates, manually or automatically operated, suitable for controlling air supplied by the blower to the combustion chamber and the post-combustion chamber.
Por su parte, los medios para la evacuation de los humos de la camara de postcombustion comprenden un aspirador de humos que realiza un suministro o tiro forzado de aire a traves del tubo de salida de humos y unos medios de regulacion constituidos por una compuerta regulable del tiro.On the other hand, the means for the evacuation of the fumes from the post-combustion chamber comprise a smoke aspirator that makes a forced supply or draft of air through the flue pipe and regulating means constituted by an adjustable damper of the threw.
Los medios para la evacuacion de humos, comprenden antes del aspirador de humos, tomando como referencia la direction de salida de los humos, un succionador regulable de aire atmosferico adecuado para enfriar los humos hasta una temperatura inferior a 200°C antes de ser liberados a la atmosfera.The means for the evacuation of fumes, comprise before the fume extractor, taking as a reference the direction of exit of the fumes, an adjustable suction of atmospheric air suitable to cool the fumes to a temperature below 200 ° C before being released to the atmosphere.
Este horno calefactor tambien comprende en el tubo de salida de humo, por propio tiro, una compuerta regulable.This heating furnace also includes an adjustable damper in the smoke outlet pipe.
Para el manejo de los medios de regulacion del horno y los parametros de funcionamiento del mismo, este horno comprende un modulo de procesamiento y control.For the operation of the oven regulation means and the operating parameters thereof, this oven comprises a processing and control module.
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En el intercambiador de calor el humo gaseoso se enfrla con el agua que circula por el sistema de calefaccion hasta una temperatura de 150°C a 200°C y con el aspirador de humos, se evacua a la atmosfera.In the heat exchanger, the gaseous smoke is cooled with the water flowing through the heating system to a temperature of 150 ° C to 200 ° C and with the smoke aspirator, it is evacuated to the atmosphere.
Las camaras de combustion y post-combustion disponen en su zona inferior de unas parillas enrejadas y de unas compuertas abatibles para la regulation manual del suministro de aire para la combustion y post-combustion y para la limpieza de las cenizas acumuladas en el espacio existente debajo.The combustion and post-combustion chambers have in their lower zone some barred grills and folding doors for manual regulation of the air supply for combustion and post-combustion and for cleaning the accumulated ashes in the space below .
Descripcion de las figuras.Description of the figures.
Para complementar la descripcion que se esta realizando y con objeto de facilitar la comprension de las caracterlsticas de la invention, se acompana a la presente memoria descriptiva un juego de dibujos en los que, con caracter ilustrativo y no limitativo, se ha representado lo siguiente:To complement the description that is being made and in order to facilitate the understanding of the features of the invention, a set of drawings is attached to the present specification in which, with an illustrative and non-limiting nature, the following has been represented:
- La figura 1 muestra una vista esquematica de un ejemplo de realization del horno calefactor segun la invencion.- Figure 1 shows a schematic view of an example of realization of the heating oven according to the invention.
Realizacion preferida de la invencion.Preferred embodiment of the invention.
El horno calefactor comprende una camara de combustion (1) y una camara de postcombustion (2), o combustion retardada, conectadas entre si a traves de un conducto (16) para el paso de los productos de la gasification de la camara de combustion a la camara de post- combustion (2) que tiene en la parte inferior unas parillas enrejadas (3).The heating oven comprises a combustion chamber (1) and a postcombustion chamber (2), or delayed combustion, connected to each other through a conduit (16) for the passage of the products of the gasification of the combustion chamber to the post-combustion chamber (2) which has barred grills (3) at the bottom.
El horno calefactor esta dotado de unas compuertas abatibles (4) que sirven para la regulacion manual del suministro de aire para la combustion y post-combustion y para la limpieza de las cenizas acumuladas en el espacio existente debajo de las parillas enrejadas (3).The heating furnace is equipped with hinged dampers (4) that are used to manually regulate the supply of air for combustion and post-combustion and for cleaning the accumulated ashes in the space existing under the barred grills (3).
La camaras de combustion (1) y de post-combustion (2) estan hechas de un material resistente al fuego, que permite mantener a altas temperaturas los productos combustionados y disminuir sustancialmente la perdida de calor a traves de las paredes.The combustion (1) and post-combustion (2) chambers are made of a fire-resistant material, which allows the combustion products to be kept at high temperatures and substantially reduce the heat loss through the walls.
Las camaras (1, 2) estan dotadas de puertas de carga, que permiten cargar o suministrar combustible de forma no estandarizada, en trozos y desmenuzado.The chambers (1, 2) are equipped with loading doors, which allow loading or supplying fuel in a non-standardized way, in pieces and shredded.
En la parte superior de la camara de post-combustion (2) esta situado un intercambiador de calor (5); en el cual se transfiere el calor de la combustion de los productos al agua, en circulation, de un sistema de calefaccion.In the upper part of the post-combustion chamber (2) a heat exchanger (5) is located; in which the heat of the combustion of the products is transferred to the water, in circulation, of a heating system.
El suministro del aire para la combustion y post-combustion se efectua con el ventilador de soplado (6).The air supply for combustion and post-combustion is carried out with the blower fan (6).
La regulacion de la intensidad de la combustion, y consiguientemente de la temperatura del agua de calefaccion en circulacion por el intercambiador, se efectua mediante el suministro controlado de aire del ventilador (6) a la camara de combustion (1) a traves de la tobera (7), con la ayuda de la compuerta electrica (8).The regulation of the combustion intensity, and consequently of the temperature of the heating water circulating through the exchanger, is carried out by means of the controlled supply of air from the fan (6) to the combustion chamber (1) through the nozzle (7), with the help of the electric gate (8).
El aire del ventilador (6) se suministra a la camara de post-combustion a traves de tres toberas regulables (9). La regulacion del suministro de aire a dicha camara de postcombustion (2) se efectua con la compuerta electrica (10) .The fan air (6) is supplied to the post-combustion chamber through three adjustable nozzles (9). The regulation of the air supply to said postcombustion chamber (2) is carried out with the electric gate (10).
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La manipulation de las compuertas electricas (8, 10) se puede realizar tanto manual como automaticamente.The manipulation of the electric gates (8, 10) can be done both manually and automatically.
La evacuation del humo de la combustion se realiza con la ayuda de un aspirador de humos (11) que realiza un suministro o tiro forzado de aire a traves del tubo de salida (12) de humos.The evacuation of combustion smoke is carried out with the help of a smoke aspirator (11) that makes a forced supply or draft of air through the flue outlet pipe (12).
La regulation del tiro se realiza girando la compuerta regulable (13) del tiro. Para asegurar una temperatura no superior a 200°C del humo gaseoso, antes del aspirador (1) se ha previsto un succionador regulable (14).de aire atmosferico hacia los conductos del humoThe regulation of the shot is done by turning the adjustable gate (13) of the shot. To ensure a temperature not exceeding 200 ° C of the gaseous smoke, an adjustable suction pump (14) of atmospheric air into the smoke ducts is provided before the vacuum cleaner (1).
tambien se ha previsto la evacuation de los productos de la combustion del horno calefactor por propio tiro; para lo cual se ha colocado la compuerta (15) en el tubo de salida de humo (12).the evacuation of the combustion products of the heating furnace by own draft has also been planned; for which the gate (15) has been placed in the smoke outlet pipe (12).
El control de los parametros de trabajo del (horno calefactor); el manejo de los mecanismos accionadores y la regulation, se efectuan con la ayuda de un modulo de procesamiento y control.The control of the working parameters of the (heating oven); The operation of the actuator mechanisms and the regulation are carried out with the help of a processing and control module.
Los residuos s a quemar, se cargan en la camara de combustion (1) previa. En ella, el proceso de combustion transcurre con un coeficiente menor de exceso de aire.The waste s to burn, is loaded into the combustion chamber (1) prior. In it, the combustion process takes place with a lower coefficient of excess air.
Como resultado de la combustion incompleta (gasification), ocurre la descomposicion de las duras uniones organicas en componentes gaseosos, que incluyen, ademas de los productos de la combustion completa, oxido de carbono, hidrogeno y un sinfln de hidrocarburos.As a result of incomplete combustion (gasification), decomposition of the hard organic bonds into gaseous components occurs, which include, in addition to the products of complete combustion, carbon oxide, hydrogen and a host of hydrocarbons.
Los productos de la gasification, pasan a traves del conducto (16) a la camara de postcombustion (2) caliente, donde se produce su combustion con un coeficiente de exceso de aire de 1,2 a 1,3.The gasification products pass through the duct (16) to the hot postcombustion chamber (2), where combustion occurs with an excess air coefficient of 1.2 to 1.3.
Al mismo tiempo, en la camara la post-combustion (2) se desarrolla a una temperatura de 1.100 °C a 1.300 °C, lo que proporciona unas condiciones adecuadas para la completa oxidation de los productos de gasification hasta el gas carbonico y vapores de agua.At the same time, in the chamber the post-combustion (2) is developed at a temperature of 1,100 ° C to 1,300 ° C, which provides adequate conditions for the complete oxidation of the gasification products to the carbonic gas and vapors of Water.
En el intercambiador de calor (5) el humo gaseoso se enfrla con el agua que circula por el sistema de calefaccion hasta una temperatura de 150°C a 200°C y con el aspirador de humos (11) , se evacua a la atmosfera.In the heat exchanger (5) the gaseous smoke is cooled with the water flowing through the heating system to a temperature of 150 ° C to 200 ° C and with the smoke aspirator (11), it is evacuated to the atmosphere.
En una realization de la invention las camaras de combustion (1) y de post-combustion (2) estan hechas de un material resistente al fuego, que permite mantener a altas temperaturas los productos combustionados y disminuir sustancialmente la perdida de calor a traves de las paredes, optimizando el funcionamiento del horno.In one embodiment of the invention, the combustion (1) and post-combustion (2) chambers are made of a fire-resistant material, which allows the combustion products to be kept at high temperatures and substantially reduce heat loss through the walls, optimizing the operation of the oven.
Una vez descrita suficientemente la naturaleza de la invention, asl como un ejemplo de realization preferente, se hace constar a los efectos oportunos que los materiales, forma, tamano y disposition de los elementos descritos podran ser modificados, siempre y cuando ello no suponga una alteration de las caracterlsticas esenciales de la invention que se reivindican a continuacion.Once the nature of the invention has been sufficiently described, as well as an example of preferred realization, it is stated to the appropriate effects that the materials, shape, size and disposition of the described elements may be modified, provided that this does not imply an alteration of the essential features of the invention that are claimed below.
Claims (5)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES201331569A ES2533914B1 (en) | 2013-10-11 | 2013-10-11 | Heating furnace |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES201331569A ES2533914B1 (en) | 2013-10-11 | 2013-10-11 | Heating furnace |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ES2533914A1 ES2533914A1 (en) | 2015-04-15 |
| ES2533914B1 true ES2533914B1 (en) | 2016-01-22 |
Family
ID=52808243
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES201331569A Withdrawn - After Issue ES2533914B1 (en) | 2013-10-11 | 2013-10-11 | Heating furnace |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| ES (1) | ES2533914B1 (en) |
-
2013
- 2013-10-11 ES ES201331569A patent/ES2533914B1/en not_active Withdrawn - After Issue
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ES2533914A1 (en) | 2015-04-15 |
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