ES2403365B1 - MODIFICATIONS OF THE RANKINE CYCLE TO INCREASE EFFICIENCY. - Google Patents

MODIFICATIONS OF THE RANKINE CYCLE TO INCREASE EFFICIENCY. Download PDF

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Publication number
ES2403365B1
ES2403365B1 ES201131244A ES201131244A ES2403365B1 ES 2403365 B1 ES2403365 B1 ES 2403365B1 ES 201131244 A ES201131244 A ES 201131244A ES 201131244 A ES201131244 A ES 201131244A ES 2403365 B1 ES2403365 B1 ES 2403365B1
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condenser
energy
rankine cycle
cooling
refrigerant fluid
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Spanish (es)
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ES2403365R1 (en
ES2403365A2 (en
Inventor
Ramón FERREIRO GARCIA
Alberto DE MIGUEL CATOIRA
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Universidade da Coruna
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Universidade da Coruna
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01KSTEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K23/00Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
    • F01K23/02Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
    • F01K23/04Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled condensation heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01KSTEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K25/00Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
    • F01K25/02Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for the fluid remaining in the liquid phase
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01KSTEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K27/00Plants for converting heat or fluid energy into mechanical energy, not otherwise provided for
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01KSTEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K7/00Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)

Abstract

La invención consiste en la inserción de contribuciones técnicas para mejorar la eficiencia de plantas de ciclo rankine para las que se introducen las siguientes mejoras técnicas:#Un regenerador de calor ubicado entre la exhaustación de la turbina de baja y el condensador.#Un sistema de acumulación de energía térmica de baja temperatura constituido por dos tanques almacén para refrigerar el condensador en circuito cerrado a temperaturas inferiores a la temperatura media del ambiente.#Sistema de aprovechamiento de la energía térmica de condensación para la obtención de energía eléctrica por medio de turbinas eólicas instaladas en la parte superior del enfriador de fluido refrigerante del condensador.The invention consists in the insertion of technical contributions to improve the efficiency of rankine cycle plants for which the following technical improvements are introduced: # A heat regenerator located between the exhaustion of the low turbine and the condenser. # A system of Low temperature thermal energy accumulation consisting of two storage tanks to cool the condenser in a closed circuit at temperatures below the average ambient temperature. # System for using thermal condensation energy to obtain electrical energy by means of wind turbines installed on the top of the condenser coolant fluid cooler.

Description

OBJETO DE LA INVENCiÓN El objeto de la invención es la adición de modificaciones a las plantas de generación de energía eléctrica que operan bajo el ciclo de Rankine. Con ello se logra el incremento del rendimiento térmico del ciclo por me medio de las siguientes contribuciones: Inserción de un regenerador de calor entre la exhaustación de la turbina de baja y el condensador. Acumulación de energía térmica de baja temperatura para refrigerar el condensador a temperaturas inferiores a las del ambiente. Aprovechamiento de la energía térmica de condensación para la obtención de energía eléctrica por medio de turbinas eólicas ubicadas en la corriente de aire generada por tiro inducido por convección térmica dentro del enfriador de nuido térmico o intercambiador de calor. OBJECT OF THE INVENTION The object of the invention is the addition of modifications to the electric power generation plants operating under the Rankine cycle. This increases the thermal efficiency of the cycle by means of the following contributions: Insertion of a heat regenerator between the exhaustion of the low turbine and the condenser. Low temperature thermal energy accumulation to cool the condenser at temperatures below ambient temperatures. Use of thermal condensation energy to obtain electrical energy by means of wind turbines located in the draft generated by thermal convection inside the thermal knot cooler or heat exchanger.

ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCiÓN BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Como resultado de un minucioso rastreo sobre el estado de la tecnología relacionada con la refrigeración de los condensadores de ciclo Rankine se conocen los sistemas de enfriamiento mediante líquidos o gases en lazo abierto como el agua o el aire así como las convencionales torres de enfriamiento por evaporación del agua suministrada. En cuanto a los sistemas de regeneración solamente se conocen aquellos basados en utilizar vapor procedente de extracciones intermedias de las turbinas de media y baja presión denominadas también sangrías. En lo que respecta al aprovechamiento de la energía térmica rechazada por el condensador no se conoce ningún tipo de utilización energética debido a sus bajas temperaturas. En el estado actual de la tecnología no se conoce ninguna de las siguientes contribuciones que consisten en: Sistemas de regeneración de calor basados en la inserción de un regenerador de calor entre la exhaustación de la turbina de baja y el condensador, As a result of a thorough tracking on the state of the technology related to the cooling of Rankine cycle condensers, cooling systems using open loop liquids or gases such as water or air as well as conventional evaporation cooling towers are known. of the water supplied. As for the regeneration systems, only those based on using steam from intermediate extractions of medium and low pressure turbines are also known as indentures. As regards the use of thermal energy rejected by the condenser, no type of energy use is known due to its low temperatures. In the current state of the technology, none of the following contributions are known, which consist of: Heat regeneration systems based on the insertion of a heat regenerator between the exhaustion of the low turbine and the condenser,

Sistemas de acumulación de energía térmica de baja temperatura para refrigerar el condensador a temperaturas inferiores a la temperatura media del ambiente. Sistemas de aprovechamiento de l la energía térmica de condensación para la obtención de energía eléctrica por medio de turbinas eólicas. Low temperature thermal energy accumulation systems to cool the condenser at temperatures below the average ambient temperature. Systems for harnessing thermal condensation energy for obtaining of electrical energy by means of wind turbines.

DESCRIPCiÓN DE LAS FIGURAS DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

Para iniciar la descripción que se está realizando y con objeto de ayudar a una clara comprensión de las características del invento, se acompaña a la presente memoria descriptiva, como parte integral de la misma, un juego de figuras en el que, con carácter ilustrativo y no limitativo, se representa lo siguiente: To start the description that is being made and in order to help a clear understanding of the characteristics of the invention, a descriptive set is attached to this description, as an integral part of it, in which, for illustrative purposes and non-limiting, the following is represented:

Figura l. esquema general de la instalación. 1 generador eólico Figure l. general scheme of the installation. 1 wind generator

2 enfriador de fluido refrigerante por aire 2 air cooling fluid cooler

3 tobera eólica 4 bomba de circulación del enfriador de fluido refrigerante por aire 3 wind nozzle 4 air cooling fluid cooler circulation pump

5 tanque caliente del fluido refrigerante 6 tanque frío del fluido refrigerante 7 bomba de circulación del condensador 5 hot coolant tank 6 cold coolant tank 7 condenser circulation pump

8 condensador 9 turbina 10 intercambiador regenerador 8 condenser 9 turbine 10 regenerator exchanger

1I bomba de alimentación 12 vaporizador 1I feed pump 12 vaporizer

DESCRIPCiÓN DE LA INVENCiÓN En la figura 1 se muestra un esquema de las modificaciones llevadas a cabo para DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Figure 1 shows a diagram of the modifications carried out to

incrementar la eficiencia térmica en plantas de generación de energía eléctrica operando con generadores y turbinas de vapor mediante un ciclo de Rankine, las cuales están basadas en tres contribuciones técnicas: 1) Sistemas de regeneración de calor basados en la inserción de un regenerador de calor entre la exhaustación de la turbina de baja y el condensador, 2) Sistemas de acumulación de energía térmica de baja temperatura para refrigerar el condensador a temperaturas inferiores a la temperatura media del ambiente. 3) Sistemas de aprovechamiento de la energía térmica de condensación para la obtención de energía eléctrica por medio de turbinas eólicas ubicadas en la corriente de aire generada por tiro inducido por convección térmica dentro del enfriador de fluido térmico Increase thermal efficiency in electric power generation plants operating with steam generators and turbines through a Rankine cycle, which are based on three technical contributions: 1) Heat regeneration systems based on the insertion of a heat regenerator between the exhaustion of the low turbine and the condenser, 2) Low temperature thermal energy accumulation systems to cool the condenser at temperatures below the average ambient temperature. 3) Condensation thermal energy utilization systems for obtaining electrical energy by means of wind turbines located in the draft generated by thermal convection inside the thermal fluid cooler

o intercambiador de calor. .Las citadas contribuciones técnicas son incorporadas al ciclo Rankinc convencional operando según la siguiente descripción: El generador eólico (1) de la figura I es impulsado por la corriente de aire que circula en sentido vertical hacia arriba a lo largo del enfriador de fluido refrigerante (2), en cuya salida adquiere un incremento de velocidad provocada por medio de la tobera (3), impulsando el generador (1) que convierte la energía eólica en eléctrica. La energía adquirida por el aire para circular a lo largo del enfriador de fluido refrigerante por aire or heat exchanger. The aforementioned technical contributions are incorporated into the conventional Rankinc cycle operating according to the following description: The wind generator (1) of Figure I is driven by the flow of air that flows vertically upward along the cooling fluid cooler ( 2), at whose output it acquires an increase in speed caused by means of the nozzle (3), driving the generator (1) that converts wind energy into electricity. The energy acquired through the air to circulate along the air cooling fluid cooler

(2) (2)
es capturada del fluido refrigerante que experimenta cierto enfriamiento como consecuencia de circular por el enfriador de fluido refrigerante por aire (2) impulsado por la bomba de circulación del enfriador de fluido refrigerante por aire (4). La conversión de energía térmica en el intercambiador o enfriador (2) transforma la energía térmica del fluido refrigerante en energía cinética del aire motivado por un proceso de convección térmica. La bomba de circulación del enfriador de fluido refrigerante por aire (4) toma el fluido refrigerante del tanque caliente (5), lo impulsa a través de enfriador (2) donde cede su calor al aire que circula por convección térmica en dirección vertical a través del enfriador de fluido refrigerante (2) y lo descarga al tanque frío (6). La bomba de circulación del condensador (7) aspira el fluido refrigerante del tanque frío (6), lo impulsa a través del condensador (8) y lo transfiere al tanque caliente (5). El vapor expandido en la turbina (9) es enfriado mediante el intercambiador regenerador (10), de donde pasa al condensador (8), donde es enfriado y convertido al estado líquido por medio del fluido refrigerante impulsado por la bomba de circulación del condensador (7). La bomba de alimentación (11) impulsa el fluido de trabajo (agua) hacia el haz vaporizador (12) a través de intercambiador regenerador (10). it is captured from the cooling fluid that undergoes some cooling as a result of circulating through the air cooling fluid cooler (2) driven by the circulation pump of the air cooling fluid cooler (4). The conversion of thermal energy in the exchanger or cooler (2) transforms the thermal energy of the refrigerant fluid into kinetic energy of the air caused by a thermal convection process. The circulation pump of the air-cooling fluid cooler (4) takes the cooling fluid from the hot tank (5), drives it through the cooler (2) where it transfers its heat to the air that circulates by thermal convection in the vertical direction through from the cooling fluid cooler (2) and discharges it to the cold tank (6). The condenser circulation pump (7) aspirates the cooling fluid from the cold tank (6), drives it through the condenser (8) and transfers it to the hot tank (5). The expanded steam in the turbine (9) is cooled by the regenerative exchanger (10), from where it passes to the condenser (8), where it is cooled and converted to the liquid state by means of the cooling fluid driven by the condenser circulation pump ( 7). The feed pump (11) drives the working fluid (water) towards the vaporizer beam (12) through a regenerating exchanger (10).

DESCRIPCIÓN DE UNA REALIZACIÓN PREFERENTE El esquema de la figura 1 muestra una realización preferente de la invención en donde se muestran las tres contribuciones respecto a los sistemas convencionales. La invención que Se propone como realización preferente consta de las siguientes DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT The scheme of Figure 1 shows a preferred embodiment of the invention showing the three contributions with respect to conventional systems. The invention that is proposed as a preferred embodiment consists of the following

5 contribuciones mostradas en la figura 1: Inserción de un regenerador de calor (10) entre la exhaustación de la turbina de baja (9) y el condensador (8) el cual aprovecha la energía térmica del vapor de exhaustación y la transfiere al fluido de trabajo o agua de alimentación, pasando al vaporizador (12). Sistema de refrigeración del condensador basado en la acumulación de energía ténnica 5 contributions shown in Figure 1: Insertion of a heat regenerator (10) between the exhaustion of the low turbine (9) and the condenser (8) which takes advantage of the thermal energy of the exhaust steam and transfers it to the flow fluid. work or feed water, going to the vaporizer (12). Condenser cooling system based on the accumulation of technical energy

10 de baja temperatura para refrigerar el condensador a temperaturas inferiores a las del ambiente que está constituido por dos tanques acumuladores de fluido refrigerante denominados tanque caliente del fluido refrigerante (5) y tanque frío del flu ido refrigerante (6) cuya función es la de acumular una gran masa de fluido refrigerante a temperaturas inferiores a la temperatura media del ambiente. 10 of low temperature to cool the condenser to temperatures below those of the environment which is constituted by two accumulating tanks of refrigerant fluid called hot tank of the cooling fluid (5) and cold tank of the cooling fluid (6) whose function is to accumulate a large mass of refrigerant fluid at temperatures below the average ambient temperature.

15 Sistema de aprovechamiento de la energía ténnica de condensación del ciclo Rankine para la obtención de energía eléctrica por medio de turbinas eólicas, el cual está constituido por el enfriador de fluid refrigerante (2) que opera mediante una corriente vertical de aire. La citada corriente de aire es aprovechada mediante una o mas toberas 15 System of utilization of the condensation technical energy of the Rankine cycle for obtaining electrical energy by means of wind turbines, which is constituted by the cooling fluid cooler (2) that operates by means of a vertical air flow. The aforementioned air stream is used by one or more nozzles

(3) dentro de cada cual se inserta un generador eólico (1) destinados a la producción de (3) within each one a wind generator is inserted (1) destined to the production of

20 energía eléctrica. Ellluido refrigerante del sistema de acumulación de energía térmica de baja temperatura acumulado en los tanques (5) y (6) consiste en una mezcla de agua con anticongelante industrial tal como el glicol. 20 electric power The cooling fluid of the low temperature thermal energy accumulation system accumulated in the tanks (5) and (6) consists of a mixture of water with industrial antifreeze such as glycol.

Claims (1)

REIVINDICACIONES 1. MODIFICACIONES DEL CICLO RANKINE PARA INCREMENTAR LA EF1CIENCIA, caracterizadas por comprender: 1. MODIFICATIONS OF THE RANKINE CYCLE TO INCREASE EFFICIENCY, characterized by comprising:
(a) (to)
un sistema de refrigeración del condensador basado en la acumulación de energía témlica de baja temperatura para refrigerar el condensador a temperaturas inferiores a las del ambiente, el cual está constituido por dos tanques acumuladores de fluido refrigerante denominados tanque caliente del fluido refrigerante (5) y tanque frío del fluido refrigerante (6) cuya función es la de acumular una gran masa de fluido refrigerante a temperaturas inferiores a la temperatura media del ambiente; a condenser cooling system based on the accumulation of low temperature thermic energy to cool the condenser to temperatures below ambient temperatures, which consists of two refrigerant fluid storage tanks called a hot tank of the cooling fluid (5) and a tank refrigerant fluid cooling (6) whose function is to accumulate a large mass of refrigerant fluid at temperatures below the average ambient temperature;
(b) (b)
un sistema de aprovechamiento de la energía térmica de condensación del ciclo Rankine para la obtención de energía eléctrica por medio de turbinas eólicas, el cual está constituido por el enfriador de fluido refrigerante (2) que opera mediante una corriente vertical de aire, la cual es aprovechada mediante una o más toberas (3) dentro de cada cual se inserta un generador eólico (1) destinados a la producción de energía eléctrica; a system of harnessing the thermal energy of condensation of the Rankine cycle for obtaining electrical energy by means of wind turbines, which is constituted by the cooling fluid cooler (2) that operates by means of a vertical air current, which is used by one or more nozzles (3) within each one a wind generator (1) for the production of electrical energy is inserted;
(e) (and)
un fluido refrigerante constituido por una mezcla de agua con anticongelante industrial tal como el glicol. a refrigerant fluid consisting of a mixture of water with industrial antifreeze such as glycol.
ES201131244A 2011-07-21 2011-07-21 MODIFICATIONS OF THE RANKINE CYCLE TO INCREASE EFFICIENCY. Active ES2403365B1 (en)

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ES201131244A ES2403365B1 (en) 2011-07-21 2011-07-21 MODIFICATIONS OF THE RANKINE CYCLE TO INCREASE EFFICIENCY.

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ES2403365R1 ES2403365R1 (en) 2013-10-07
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WO2018208308A1 (en) * 2017-05-11 2018-11-15 General Electric Company Cooling systems and related method

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US4285203A (en) * 1979-10-25 1981-08-25 General Electric Company Means and method for simultaneously increasing the delivered peak power and reducing the rate of peak heat rejection of a power plant
US4291538A (en) * 1980-01-04 1981-09-29 Chicago Bridge & Iron Company Power producing dry cooling apparatus and method
US20100031655A1 (en) * 2008-08-07 2010-02-11 Horizon Energy Associates, Llc Steam turbine closed loop geo-thermal cooling
WO2011030285A1 (en) * 2009-09-09 2011-03-17 Andrew Ochse Method and apparatus for electrical power production
CN201687531U (en) * 2010-05-26 2010-12-29 张革 Hot air flow generating device

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ES2403365A2 (en) 2013-05-17

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