ES2398119B2 - Panel system of high energy efficiency and free forms - Google Patents
Panel system of high energy efficiency and free forms Download PDFInfo
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- ES2398119B2 ES2398119B2 ES201232048A ES201232048A ES2398119B2 ES 2398119 B2 ES2398119 B2 ES 2398119B2 ES 201232048 A ES201232048 A ES 201232048A ES 201232048 A ES201232048 A ES 201232048A ES 2398119 B2 ES2398119 B2 ES 2398119B2
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 20
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- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002121 nanofiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 12
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- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 108010025899 gelatin film Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910003437 indium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[In+3].[In+3] PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
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- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052743 krypton Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DNNSSWSSYDEUBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N krypton atom Chemical compound [Kr] DNNSSWSSYDEUBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
- E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
- E04B1/78—Heat insulating elements
- E04B1/80—Heat insulating elements slab-shaped
- E04B1/803—Heat insulating elements slab-shaped with vacuum spaces included in the slab
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/18—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives
- B32B27/20—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives using fillers, pigments, thixotroping agents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
- B32B3/02—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions
- B32B3/06—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions for securing layers together; for attaching the product to another member, e.g. to a support, or to another product, e.g. groove/tongue, interlocking
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
- E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
- E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
- E04B1/78—Heat insulating elements
- E04B1/80—Heat insulating elements slab-shaped
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/06—Vegetal fibres
- B32B2262/062—Cellulose fibres, e.g. cotton
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/38—Connections for building structures in general
- E04B1/61—Connections for building structures in general of slab-shaped building elements with each other
- E04B1/6104—Connections for building structures in general of slab-shaped building elements with each other the overlapping ends of the slabs connected together
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
- E04B2001/742—Use of special materials; Materials having special structures or shape
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
- E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
- E04B2001/7691—Heat reflecting layers or coatings
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2002/001—Mechanical features of panels
- E04C2002/004—Panels with profiled edges, e.g. stepped, serrated
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V33/00—Structural combinations of lighting devices with other articles, not otherwise provided for
- F21V33/006—General building constructions or finishing work for buildings, e.g. roofs, gutters, stairs or floors; Garden equipment; Sunshades or parasols
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
- F21Y2115/00—Light-generating elements of semiconductor light sources
- F21Y2115/10—Light-emitting diodes [LED]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
- Y02A30/24—Structural elements or technologies for improving thermal insulation
- Y02A30/242—Slab shaped vacuum insulation
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B80/00—Architectural or constructional elements improving the thermal performance of buildings
- Y02B80/10—Insulation, e.g. vacuum or aerogel insulation
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
Sistema de panalización de alta eficiencia energética y de formas libres que comprende una pluralidad de paneles (1) unidos entre sí mediante medios de unión (2). Cada panel (1) comprende dos hojas (3) y (4) envolventes, una hoja interna (3) y otra hoja externa (4) constituidas a partir de una matriz de resina de SiO{sub,2}-PMMA reforzada con nanofibras naturales de celulosa Y una cámara intermedia de vacío (5) de 1hPa, dispuesta entre la hoja interna (3) y la hoja externa (4), rellena de un aerogel de sílice monolítico. Los medios de unión entre paneles disponen de un rebaje (9) en dos de los primeros bordes contiguos (10, 11) del panel en una primera esquina del panel y un escalonamiento (12) de igual espesor que el rebaje (9) en los dos bordes contiguos (13, 14) en la segunda esquina contrapuesta a la primera esquina.Honeycomb system of high energy efficiency and free forms comprising a plurality of panels (1) joined together by means of joining (2). Each panel (1) comprises two sheets (3) and (4) envelopes, an inner sheet (3) and another outer sheet (4) constituted from a matrix of SiO resin {sub, 2} -PMMA reinforced with nanofibers natural cellulose And an intermediate vacuum chamber (5) of 1hPa, arranged between the inner sheet (3) and the outer sheet (4), filled with a monolithic silica airgel. The joining means between panels have a recess (9) in two of the first contiguous edges (10, 11) of the panel in a first corner of the panel and a step (12) of the same thickness as the recess (9) in the two contiguous edges (13, 14) in the second corner opposed to the first corner.
Description
Sistema de panelización de alta eficiencia energética y de formas libres Panel system of high energy efficiency and free forms
Campo de la invención Field of the Invention
La presente invención se engloba dentro del campo de la arquitectura sostenible y de la ingeniería dentro de la construcción de edificaciones y más concretamente se refiere a un sistema de panelización de alta eficiencia energética y de formas libres para constitución de fachadas arquitectónicas. The present invention is included within the field of sustainable architecture and engineering within the construction of buildings and more specifically refers to a panel system of high energy efficiency and free forms for the constitution of architectural facades.
Antecedentes de la invención. Background of the invention.
En la actualidad las vanguardias arquitectónicas demandan un sistema constructivo para fachadas y cerramientos que sea ligero, de forma libre y de superficie continua y que adicionalmente ofrezca altas prestaciones en lo que se refiere a la eficiencia energética, pero que a su vez permita el paso de la luz natural y su retroiluminación. Además de esta demanda desde el punto de vista técnico y del diseño arquitectónico, la sociedad se encuentra cada vez más concienciada en la necesidad de reducir los impactos ambientales y en la urgencia de hacer más eficientes las edificaciones en las que vivimos y trabajamos. At present, the architectural avant-garde demands a constructive system for facades and enclosures that are light, free and continuous surface and that additionally offer high performance in terms of energy efficiency, but which in turn allow the passage of Natural light and its backlight. In addition to this demand from a technical and architectural design point of view, society is increasingly aware of the need to reduce environmental impacts and the urgency of making buildings in which we live and work more efficient.
En primer lugar, existe una exigencia creciente de edificaciones con una alta eficiencia energética debido a las penalizaciones que provienen del incumplimiento de los compromisos con la sostenibilidad, desde las nuevas líneas de pensamiento arquitectónico para las que la sostenibilidad es un factor de diseño ineludible y una garantía de calidad, desde los promotores, que empiezan a entender que bajo este lema pueden vender sus productos a mayor precio (un 26% de media), hasta los usuarios finales concienciados del ahorro económico que conlleva la eficiencia energética. In the first place, there is a growing demand for buildings with high energy efficiency due to the penalties that come from the breach of the commitments to sustainability, from the new lines of architectural thinking for which sustainability is an inescapable design factor and a Quality assurance, from promoters, who begin to understand that under this motto they can sell their products at a higher price (26% on average), to end users aware of the economic savings that energy efficiency entails.
En segundo lugar, las formas libres hace tiempo que han dejado de ser un reto formal estético y han pasado a ser una nueva vía de investigación para resolver los nuevos condicionantes técnicos que plantea la arquitectura bioclimática y sostenible. Esta afirmación se respalda con las palabras de Frank Lloyd Wright en las que une ineludiblemente la función con la forma orgánica y con la forma de la naturaleza (formas libres, geómetras fractales y complejas, superficies continuas, etc.). Los beneficios que ofrece la forma libre en el diseño bioclimático y la sostenibilidad son varios, entre ellos se pueden destacar: la facilidad de orientación, la mayor exposición solar de las superficies, la adaptación a la acción de los vientos dominantes, una mejor relación envolvente-volumen acondicionado, un mayor confort y beneficios sociales debido a disponer de espacios estéticamente más “amables” y “blandos”, etc. En la actualidad, se ha demostrado que las medidas de diseño bioclimático pasivo pueden llevar a una reducción del orden del 30% del consumo energético anual de un edificio. Secondly, free forms have long since ceased to be a formal aesthetic challenge and have become a new way of research to solve the new technical conditions posed by bioclimatic and sustainable architecture. This statement is supported by the words of Frank Lloyd Wright in which he inevitably unites the function with the organic form and the form of nature (free forms, fractal and complex geometries, continuous surfaces, etc.). The benefits offered by the free form in bioclimatic design and sustainability are several, among them we can highlight: the ease of orientation, the greater solar exposure of the surfaces, the adaptation to the action of the prevailing winds, a better enveloping relationship -conditioned volume, greater comfort and social benefits due to having aesthetically more "friendly" and "soft" spaces, etc. At present, it has been shown that passive bioclimatic design measures can lead to a reduction of the order of 30% of the annual energy consumption of a building.
Finalmente, el espesor mínimo es un requisito casi obligado cuando se busca la transparencia de una fachada, y un reto a la hora de tratar de obtener alta eficiencia energética en conjunción con altas resistencias y reducidos pesos, pero además ofrece una serie de beneficios que justifican la necesidad de tratar de buscar fachadas de cada vez menor espesor. Finally, the minimum thickness is an almost obligatory requirement when the transparency of a facade is sought, and a challenge when trying to obtain high energy efficiency in conjunction with high strengths and reduced weights, but also offers a series of benefits that justify the need to try to find facades of less and less thickness.
Para conseguir las características específicas necesarias que se acaban de detallar se suelen emplear actualmente una gran variedad de materiales y sistemas constructivos de aislamiento, como por ejemplo acristalamientos con cámara de vacío, pero el empleo de este sistema no termina siendo ventajoso ya que el cristal dispone de unas propiedades físicas, en lo que al soporte de solicitaciones de carga se refiere, bastante reducidas, siendo un material bastante frágil con los problemas que ello supone en el manejo del mismo y sobretodo su alto índice de rotura durante su manipulación e instalación, lo cual hace que el coste de empleo de este material para este tipo de sistemas arquitectónicos de forma libre y superficie continua, en ocasiones, no sea todo lo idóneo que debiera para tales fines. In order to achieve the specific characteristics that have just been detailed, a wide variety of insulation materials and construction systems, such as glazing with vacuum chamber, are currently used, but the use of this system does not end up being advantageous since the glass has of some physical properties, as far as support for load solicitations is concerned, quite small, being a fairly fragile material with the problems that this entails in its handling and, above all, its high rate of breakage during handling and installation, which means that the cost of using this material for this type of architectural systems with free form and continuous surface, sometimes, is not all that it should for such purposes.
Como alternativa se pueden emplear resinas reforzadas las cuales suelen ser más ligeras y resistentes, pero este material tiene la desventaja de que no ofrece un óptimo equilibrio entre el nivel de aislamiento, la traslucidez y sobretodo la versatilidad a la hora de definir formas complejas. As an alternative, reinforced resins can be used, which are usually lighter and stronger, but this material has the disadvantage that it does not offer an optimal balance between the level of insulation, translucency and, above all, versatility when defining complex shapes.
Por otro lado, de todos los aislamientos transparentes que existen en la actualidad, tan sólo los gases como el argón y el kriptón si bien mejoran ese equilibrio e incorporan la transparencia (superior al 85%) al sistema tienen el problema de su manejo y encapsulado, el cual es muy complejo. Además, una vez que se van “filtrando” a través de las paredes del panel o del doble acristalamiento, se va perdiendo el aislamiento, hasta que al final (tras 30 o 50 años) el sistema no dispone de ningún nivel de aislamiento ya que el gas se ha filtrado. On the other hand, of all the transparent insulations that currently exist, only gases such as argon and krypton although they improve that balance and incorporate transparency (greater than 85%) to the system have the problem of handling and encapsulation. , which is very complex. In addition, once they are "leaking" through the walls of the panel or double glazing, the insulation is lost, until at the end (after 30 or 50 years) the system does not have any level of insulation since The gas has leaked.
Por último, los sistemas tradicionales de dobles acristalamientos, suelen utilizar "capas metálicas" para el control solar. Hay, de forma general, dos diferentes tipos de capas metálicas: capas duras o pirolíticas, vidrios reflectantes que proporcionan una importante protección solar disponible en diferentes colores, vidrios neutros de altas prestaciones aislantes y selectivos, con un coeficiente U muy reducido. Los dobles acristalamientos que disponen de capas metálicas para el control solar tienen tradicionalmente, algunos problemas de condensación o Finally, traditional double glazing systems often use "metal layers" for solar control. There are, in general, two different types of metallic layers: hard or pyrolytic layers, reflective glasses that provide significant sun protection available in different colors, neutral glass with high insulating and selective performance, with a very low U coefficient. Double glazing that have metallic layers for solar control have traditionally some condensation problems or
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suciedad intersticial en la cámara así como de recalentamiento y posibles roturas: esto es que los problemas que pueden presentar, vienen de la posibilidad de que se produzcan saltos térmicos importantes en una misma pieza. Es decir, que sobre uno de estos vidrios incida simultáneamente el sol y la sombra lo que puede provocar tensiones y contracciones que llevan a la rotura. interstitial dirt in the chamber as well as overheating and possible breakage: this is that the problems that may arise, come from the possibility of significant thermal breaks in the same piece. That is to say, that on one of these glasses the sun and the shadow impinge simultaneously which can cause tensions and contractions that lead to breakage.
Por todo ello, se ha detectado la necesidad de diseñar un sistema de panelización de alta eficiencia energética y de formas libres, el cual sea ligero, de un mínimo en espesor, de alto grado de transmisión a la luz, que permita el diseño de formas libres para la utilización en proyectos arquitectónicos. Therefore, the need to design a high energy efficiency and free form panelization system has been detected, which is lightweight, of a minimum thickness, of a high degree of light transmission, which allows the design of shapes free for use in architectural projects.
Este objetivo se consigue por medio de la invención tal y como está definida en la reivindicación 1. En las reivindicaciones dependientes se definen realizaciones preferidas de la invención. This objective is achieved by means of the invention as defined in claim 1. Preferred embodiments of the invention are defined in the dependent claims.
Descripción de la invención Description of the invention
La presente invención se refiere a un sistema de panelización de alta eficiencia energética y de formas libres, que comprende una pluralidad de paneles unidos entre sí mediante una serie de medios de unión. The present invention relates to a panel system of high energy efficiency and free forms, comprising a plurality of panels joined together by a series of joining means.
El sistema de panelización objeto de la presente invención tiene la particularidad de que cada panel comprende dos hojas envolventes, una hoja interna y otra hoja externa constituidas a partir de una matriz de resina de SiO2-PMMA reforzada con nanofibras naturales de celulosa y una cámara intermedia de vacío de 1hPa, dispuesta entre la hoja interna y la hoja externa, y rellena de un aerogel de sílice monolítico. The panelization system object of the present invention has the particularity that each panel comprises two wrapping sheets, an inner sheet and another outer sheet formed from a SiO2-PMMA resin matrix reinforced with natural cellulose nanofibers and an intermediate chamber 1hPa vacuum, arranged between the inner sheet and the outer sheet, and filled with a monolithic silica airgel.
Con la configuración descrita de los paneles que componen el sistema de panelización, se consigue minimizar el espesor del cerramiento del edificio, optimizando su rendimiento energético siendo un sistema transparente, el cual va a conferir dos nuevas propiedades añadidas: por un lado, la posibilidad de generar una “piel estructural” o un cerramiento “autoportante”, y por otro, la posibilidad de diseñar pieles arquitectónicas mediante formas libres. Por lo tanto, se conseguirá un mayor aprovechamiento de la superficie interior del edificio (aproximadamente un 8,33% usando este nuevo sistema), y además un menor consumo de materiales y el uso de materiales más ligeros en su construcción, lo que conlleva una menor huella ecológica y un menor consumo de energía y dinero en la fase de construcción, entre otros. Adicionalmente, debido a las cualidades mecánicas de los materiales que incorpora, este sistema de panelización proporciona un espesor mínimo pudiéndose construir elementos monocasco y semimonocasco. With the described configuration of the panels that make up the panelization system, it is possible to minimize the thickness of the building enclosure, optimizing its energy efficiency by being a transparent system, which will confer two new added properties: on the one hand, the possibility of generate a "structural skin" or a "self-supporting" enclosure, and on the other, the possibility of designing architectural skins using free forms. Therefore, a greater use of the interior surface of the building will be achieved (approximately 8.33% using this new system), and also a lower consumption of materials and the use of lighter materials in its construction, which entails a lower ecological footprint and lower energy and money consumption in the construction phase, among others. Additionally, due to the mechanical qualities of the materials it incorporates, this panel system provides a minimum thickness and monocoque and semi-hull elements can be constructed.
Por otro lado, el aerogel monolítico es un material de fácil manejo y encapsulado, y por sí sólo dispone de un altísimo nivel de aislamiento que puede durar mucho más de 50 años. Al implementar este aislamiento mediante la cámara de vacío, logramos que este nivel de aislamiento mejore mucho más, y aunque esta cámara de vacío dure también entre 30 y 50 años, el aerogel mantendría sus cualidades como aislamiento, seguramente, otros 30 On the other hand, the monolithic airgel is an easy-to-handle and encapsulated material, and by itself it only has a very high level of insulation that can last much more than 50 years. By implementing this insulation through the vacuum chamber, we achieve that this level of insulation improves much more, and although this vacuum chamber also lasts between 30 and 50 years, the airgel would maintain its qualities as insulation, surely, another 30
o 50 años más, por lo que el sistema nunca quedaría sin un buen nivel de aislamiento, ni en el peor de los casos que es cuando ya no dispusiera de su cámara de vacío. or 50 more years, so the system would never be without a good level of insulation, or in the worst case that is when it no longer had its vacuum chamber.
El diseño de la “piel exterior” conformada por el sistema de panelización objeto de la presente invención se lleva a cabo mediante un sistema CAD/CAM que transmite la información del modelo 3D de la forma libre ya discretizada y panelizada a una máquina de conformado multipunto sin matriz (Multi Point Forming (MPF)) que le da la geometría deseada. The design of the "outer skin" formed by the panelization system object of the present invention is carried out by means of a CAD / CAM system that transmits the information of the 3D model in the free form already discretized and panelized to a multipoint forming machine No matrix (Multi Point Forming (MPF)) that gives you the desired geometry.
En un primer aspecto de la invención, el panel podrá comprender un baño de ITO (6) (Óxido de Indio dopado con Estaño) aplicado sobre ciertas zonas de la hoja externa (4). Más concretamente, el baño de ITO se aplicará sobre zonas transparentes del panel. Mediante la tecnología sol-gel se obtiene la disolución de ITO y se sumerge el panel en ella y mediante un tratamiento, ultravioleta o térmico, la disolución de ITO reacciona con el SiO2 y se genera una película resistente que actúa como elemento de control solar, pudiendo llegar a reducir casi a un 0% la transmisión de los rayos UV, y a un 10% los infrarrojos. Esto limita el ingreso de calor solar radiante al interior del espacio delimitado por el sistema de panelización de la invención. Por tanto, la utilización de un baño o imprimación de ITO, evita la obligación de disponer de una "lámina metálica", y ofrece prestaciones más competitivas que muchos de los sistemas de control solar utilizados en la construcción en la actualidad. In a first aspect of the invention, the panel may comprise an ITO bath (6) (Indium Oxide doped with Tin) applied on certain areas of the outer sheet (4). More specifically, the ITO bath will be applied over transparent areas of the panel. Using the sol-gel technology, the ITO solution is obtained and the panel is immersed in it and through an ultraviolet or thermal treatment, the ITO solution reacts with the SiO2 and a resistant film is generated that acts as a solar control element. being able to reduce the transmission of UV rays by almost 0%, and infrared by 10%. This limits the entry of radiant solar heat into the space delimited by the panelization system of the invention. Therefore, the use of an ITO bath or primer, avoids the obligation of having a "metal sheet", and offers more competitive features than many of the solar control systems used in construction today.
En otro aspecto de la invención cada panel podrá comprender una capa de resina PMMA aplicada in situ sobre ciertas zonas de la hoja externa. Más concretamente, la capa de resina PMMA se aplicará sobre las zonas traslucidas del panel. De esta forma, esta “capa de protección” realizada in situ, está más orientada a las zonas traslucidas y también opacas de los paneles que forman parte del sistema, donde no se hace necesaria la utilización del ITO, debido que ya que no hace falta un control solar, al ser dichas zonas traslúcidas, pero si es indispensable un buen acabado superficial. No obstante, si fuera necesario se podría aplicar la capa de resina PMMA encima del baño de ITO o viceversa, siendo esta característica opcional y en ningún caso limitativa. In another aspect of the invention each panel may comprise a layer of PMMA resin applied in situ on certain areas of the outer sheet. More specifically, the PMMA resin layer will be applied over the translucent areas of the panel. In this way, this “protection layer” made in situ, is more oriented to the translucent and also opaque areas of the panels that are part of the system, where the use of ITO is not necessary, because since it is not necessary a solar control, as these areas are translucent, but a good surface finish is essential. However, if necessary, the PMMA resin layer could be applied over the ITO bath or vice versa, this feature being optional and in no case limiting.
Cada panel podrá comprender una última película protectora exterior seleccionable entre una película de gel antiestático a base de resina de poliéster aplicada directamente sobre el baño de ITO, en el caso de tratarse de zonas transparentes, o una película de laca, depositada sobre la capa de resina PMMA para las zonas traslúcidas y opacas. Pudiendo ser dicha capa protectora transparente en el caso de depositarse sobre el baño Each panel may comprise a final outer protective film selectable between an antistatic gel film based on polyester resin applied directly on the ITO bath, in the case of transparent areas, or a lacquer film, deposited on the layer of PMMA resin for translucent and opaque areas. This protective layer may be transparent in the case of being deposited on the bathroom
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de ITO, o translucida en el caso de aplicarse sobre la capa de resina PMMA. ITO, or translucent if applied to the PMMA resin layer.
En lo que respecta a los medios de unión entre los paneles, podrán consistir en disponer un rebaje en dos de los primeros bordes contiguos de cada panel en una primera esquina del panel y practicar un escalonamiento de igual espesor que el rebaje en los dos bordes contiguos en la segunda esquina contrapuesta a la primera esquina, para definir una unión por machihembrado a solape entre paneles contiguos. Para asegurar las citadas uniones se podrán emplear tornillos termoplásticos de alta resistencia que atraviesan rebajes y escalonamientos de paneles contiguos. Finalmente, para dotar a la unión de un buen acabado superficial y reducir las discontinuidades que puedan producir las citadas juntas entre paneles contiguos, dichas juntas se podrán sellar químicamente mediante cloroformo industrial. With regard to the joining means between the panels, they may consist of arranging a recess in two of the first contiguous edges of each panel in a first corner of the panel and practicing a stepping of the same thickness as the recess in the two contiguous edges in the second corner opposed to the first corner, to define an overlapping tongue and groove joint between adjacent panels. To ensure the aforementioned joints, high-strength thermoplastic screws that pass through recesses and staggered adjacent panels may be used. Finally, to provide the joint with a good surface finish and reduce the discontinuities that may occur between said joints between adjacent panels, said joints may be chemically sealed by industrial chloroform.
En otro aspecto de la invención, se podrán disponer válvulas de vacío situadas en las zonas de solape entre paneles contiguos, donde dichas válvulas de vacío dispondrán de un tapón de SiO2-PMMA enroscable en orificios practicados a tal efecto en los paneles. Dichos tapones igualmente se sellarán de forma química mediante el cloroformo industrial y sobre el mismo se aplica la película protectora correspondiente, al igual que para el resto del panel. La misión principal de estas válvulas de vacío es conseguir el vacío en el panel. En el fondo son “válvulas de vaciado”; esto es, son válvulas, similares a las de llenado de los neumáticos de un coche, pero de uso inverso. El vaciado se realiza al final de todo el proceso de fabricación del panel. El vaciado es individualizado; panel por panel: Una vez que se tiene montado el panel, y encapsulado y secado el aerogel en su interior, es cuando se procede a vaciar el panel. Con esto en mente, el vaciado se hace antes de la unión entre paneles. In another aspect of the invention, vacuum valves may be arranged located in the overlapping areas between adjacent panels, where said vacuum valves will have a plug of SiO2-PMMA screwed into holes made for this purpose in the panels. Said plugs shall also be chemically sealed by means of industrial chloroform and the corresponding protective film is applied thereto, as for the rest of the panel. The main mission of these vacuum valves is to achieve the vacuum in the panel. In the background are "drain valves"; that is, they are valves, similar to those of filling the tires of a car, but of inverse use. The emptying is done at the end of the entire manufacturing process of the panel. The emptying is individualized; panel by panel: Once the panel is mounted, and the airgel is encapsulated and dried inside, it is when the panel is emptied. With this in mind, emptying is done before joining between panels.
En un último aspecto de la invención cabe destacar que los paneles podrán ser retroiluminables. La retroiluminación se realizaría insertando en un lateral del panel una tira impermeable, adhesiva, de emisión lateral. El color de luz podría ser desde Blanco/Blanco Cálido Blanco Xenón con la opción de también usar los colores: Verde / Azul / Rojo. In a final aspect of the invention, it should be noted that the panels may be backlit. The backlight would be done by inserting a waterproof, adhesive, side emission strip on one side of the panel. The light color could be from White / Warm White Xenon White with the option to also use the colors: Green / Blue / Red.
Breve descripción de los dibujos Brief description of the drawings
A continuación se pasa a describir de manera muy breve una serie de dibujos que ayudan a comprender mejor la invención y que se relacionan expresamente con una realización de dicha invención que se presenta como un ejemplo no limitativo de ésta. A series of drawings that help to better understand the invention and that expressly relate to an embodiment of said invention which is presented as a non-limiting example thereof is described very briefly below.
La figura 1 representa una vista en planta de uno de los paneles que forman parte del sistema de panelización objeto de la presente invención. Figure 1 represents a plan view of one of the panels that are part of the panelization system object of the present invention.
La figura 2 muestra una vista en perspectiva del panel de la figura 1. Figure 2 shows a perspective view of the panel of Figure 1.
La figura 3 muestra una vista en perspectiva de la disposición de dos paneles contiguos antes de su unión en la que se observa el sistema de unión por machihembrado a solape del sistema de panelización objeto de la presente invención. Figure 3 shows a perspective view of the arrangement of two adjacent panels before joining in which the overlapping tongue and groove joint system of the panelization system object of the present invention is observed.
La figura 4 muestra una vista en perspectiva de una porción de un cerramiento constituido por el sistema de panelización objeto de la presente invención. Figure 4 shows a perspective view of a portion of an enclosure constituted by the panelization system object of the present invention.
La figura 5 muestra una vista en sección de la porción de cerramiento de la figura 4. Figure 5 shows a sectional view of the enclosure portion of Figure 4.
En las figuras anteriormente citadas se identifican una serie de referencias que corresponden a los elementos indicados a continuación, sin que ello suponga carácter limitativo alguno: In the aforementioned figures, a series of references are identified that correspond to the elements indicated below, without implying any limiting character:
- 1.one.
- paneles panels
- 2.2.
- medios de unión entre paneles contiguos joining means between adjacent panels
- 3.3.
- hoja interna de matriz de resina de SiO2-PMMA reforzada con fibras naturales de celulosa SiO2-PMMA resin matrix internal sheet reinforced with natural cellulose fibers
- 4.Four.
- hoja externa de matriz de resina de SiO2-PMMA reforzada con fibras naturales de celulosa external sheet of SiO2-PMMA resin matrix reinforced with natural cellulose fibers
- 5.5.
- cámara intermedia de vacío intermediate vacuum chamber
- 6.6.
- baño de ITO ITO bathroom
- 7.7.
- capa de resina PMMA PMMA resin layer
- 8.8.
- película protectora protective film
- 9.9.
- rebaje en primeros bordes del panel recess in first panel edges
10, 11. primeros bordes contiguos del panel en primera esquina 10, 11. first contiguous edges of the panel in the first corner
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12. escalonamiento en segundos bordes del panel 12. stepping on second panel edges
13, 14. segundos bordes del panel en segunda esquina 13, 14. second panel edges in second corner
- 15.fifteen.
- tornillos termoplásticos de fijación de paneles contiguos thermoplastic screws for fixing adjacent panels
- 16.16.
- juntas entre paneles contiguos joints between adjacent panels
- 17.17.
- válvulas de vacío. vacuum valves
Descripción detallada de un modo de realización de la invención Detailed description of an embodiment of the invention
El sistema de panelización de alta eficiencia energética y de formas libres comprende una pluralidad de paneles 1, uno de los cuales ha sido representado de forma aislada en las figuras 1 y 2. Concretamente en la figura 1 se ha representado una vista en planta del panel 1 y en la figura 2 el mismo panel en perspectiva. The high energy efficiency and free form panelization system comprises a plurality of panels 1, one of which has been represented in isolation in Figures 1 and 2. Specifically in Figure 1 a plan view of the panel has been represented 1 and in figure 2 the same panel in perspective.
Cada panel 1 comprende dos hojas 3 y 4 envolventes, una hoja interna 3, la cual quedará en el interior del recinto determinado por los paneles 1 y otra hoja externa 4, la cual quedará en el exterior de dicho recinto, ambas constituidas a partir de una matriz de resina de SiO2-PMMA reforzada con nanofibras naturales de celulosa y una cámara intermedia de vacío 5 de 1hPa, dispuesta entre la hoja interna 3 y la hoja externa 4, y rellena de un aerogel de sílice monolítico. Sobre la superficie exterior de la hoja externa 4 y dependiendo de si se trata de zonas opacas o transparentes se aplicará diferentes tratamientos superficiales. Each panel 1 comprises two enveloping sheets 3 and 4, an internal sheet 3, which will remain inside the enclosure determined by the panels 1 and another external sheet 4, which will remain outside said enclosure, both constituted from a SiO2-PMMA resin matrix reinforced with natural cellulose nanofibers and an intermediate vacuum chamber 5 of 1hPa, arranged between the inner sheet 3 and the outer sheet 4, and filled with a monolithic silica airgel. Different surface treatments will be applied to the outer surface of the outer sheet 4 and depending on whether it is opaque or transparent areas.
El aerogel monolítico, al ser la parte más costosa y difícil de producir es el factor más condicionante en lo que respecta a tamaño y medidas finales que va a tener el panel 1. Basándose en los largos tiempos de secado del proceso Sol-gel que necesita el aerogel de sílice monolítico para generar su estructura cristalina, el porcentaje de piezas que se rompen debido al tamaño (ronda el 1% de la producción), y sobre todo que a día de hoy sólo existen autoclaves que permiten generar piezas de aerogel monolítico de 550 mm x 550 mm, es por lo que las dimensiones del panel serán de 600 mm x 600 mm (lado/ancho) y el espesor dependerá de si se trata de una estructura monocasco o un cerramiento simple, y de las necesidades de transparencia y aislamiento térmicoacústico. Para la modelización del sistema se ha estudiado un panel de 35 mm de espesor, conformado por dos hojas de 2,5 mm de espesor de SiO2-PMMA reforzado con nanofibras de celulosa y una cámara de vacío de 25 mm de espesor, rellena del aerogel de sílice monolítico, como se aprecia en la figura 5. The monolithic airgel, being the most expensive and difficult to produce is the most conditioning factor in terms of size and final measures that panel 1 will have. Based on the long drying times of the Sol-gel process you need the monolithic silica airgel to generate its crystalline structure, the percentage of pieces that are broken due to the size (round 1% of the production), and especially that today there are only autoclaves that allow generating monolithic airgel parts of 550 mm x 550 mm, which is why the panel dimensions will be 600 mm x 600 mm (side / width) and the thickness will depend on whether it is a monocoque structure or a simple enclosure, and the needs of transparency and acoustic thermal insulation. For the modeling of the system, a 35 mm thick panel has been studied, consisting of two 2.5 mm thick sheets of SiO2-PMMA reinforced with cellulose nanofibers and a 25 mm thick vacuum chamber, filled with the airgel of monolithic silica, as shown in Figure 5.
Se presupone un peso por unidad de superficie de entre 15 y 7 kg/m2. El prototipo modelado para los ensayos ofrece un peso dentro de esa horquilla de pesos ya que su peso es de 8,11 kg/m2, y la densidad del panel es de 232,05 Kg/m3. El ancho y alto del panel no superarán los 600 mm x 600 mm (aunque las dimensiones podrían ser inferiores) y el radio de flexión mínimo admisible es de 4.000 mm aproximadamente. El prototipo de ensayo dispone de unas dimensiones de 600 mm x 600 mm x 35 mm, un volumen de 0,0126 m3 y un peso de 2,92 kg. Si se rellena de aerogel se consumen aproximadamente 10 litros de este material. A weight per unit area of between 15 and 7 kg / m2 is assumed. The prototype modeled for the tests offers a weight within that fork of weights since its weight is 8.11 kg / m2, and the density of the panel is 232.05 Kg / m3. The width and height of the panel shall not exceed 600 mm x 600 mm (although the dimensions may be smaller) and the minimum allowable bending radius is approximately 4,000 mm. The test prototype has dimensions of 600 mm x 600 mm x 35 mm, a volume of 0.0126 m3 and a weight of 2.92 kg. If filled with airgel, approximately 10 liters of this material are consumed.
En el caso de zonas transparentes se aplicará un baño de ITO 6 el cual es un excelente material para el control solar del sistema, por el contrario en zonas traslúcidas y opacas se aplicará una capa de resina PMMA 7. En el caso de zonas transparentes se aplicará una última película protectora 8 de gel antiestático a base de resina de poliéster, la cual será transparente y en el caso de las zonas traslúcidas y opacas se aplicará una última película protectora 8 de laca, la cual será traslucida u opaca. In the case of transparent areas, an ITO 6 bath will be applied which is an excellent material for the solar control of the system, on the contrary in translucent and opaque areas a layer of PMMA 7 resin will be applied. In the case of transparent areas apply a last protective film 8 of antistatic gel based on polyester resin, which will be transparent and in the case of translucent and opaque areas a last protective film 8 of lacquer will be applied, which will be translucent or opaque.
En este modo de realización concreto el panel 1 va a disponer de un rebaje 9 en cada uno de los dos primeros bordes contiguos 10 y 11 del panel en una primera esquina del panel y del mismo modo el panel 1 va a disponer de un escalonamiento 12 de igual espesor que el rebaje 9 en cada uno de los dos bordes contiguos 13 y 14 en una segunda esquina contrapuesta u opuesta a la primera esquina. Por tanto, cada panel dispone de dos bordes que generan las esquinas contrapuestas, dos de ellos son “bordes macho” 13 y 14 y los otros dos son “bordes hembra” 10 y 11. Esto facilita el trabado y el montaje de todo el sistema en obra. La junta consta de las siguientes dimensiones: bordes macho y hembra: 40mm de solape, por toda la longitud del solape (600 mm aproximadamente). El espesor de estas aéreas de solape (u orejas) es de 17.5 mm cuya suma ofrecen los 30 mm de espesor de panel, lo que ofrece una continuidad al sistema. Se dispone de dos paredes de 2,5 mm del espesor de la piel en el doblez del solape y 10 mm de cámara de vacío con núcleo de aerogel monolítico. Al superponer los paneles en el montaje, la junta consta de 30mm de espesor, como el resto del sistema, pero su composición será la de cuatro paredes de 2,5 mm de espesor de resina reforzada, y dos cámaras de vacío rellenas de gel de sílice monolítico de 10 mm. In this particular embodiment, the panel 1 will have a recess 9 in each of the first two adjacent edges 10 and 11 of the panel in a first corner of the panel and in the same way the panel 1 will have a stepping 12 of the same thickness as the recess 9 in each of the two adjacent edges 13 and 14 in a second corner opposite or opposite the first corner. Therefore, each panel has two edges that generate the opposite corners, two of them are "male edges" 13 and 14 and the other two are "female edges" 10 and 11. This facilitates the locking and assembly of the entire system in construction. The joint consists of the following dimensions: male and female edges: 40mm overlap, over the entire length of the overlap (approximately 600mm). The thickness of these overlapping surfaces (or ears) is 17.5 mm, the sum of which offers 30 mm of panel thickness, which offers continuity to the system. There are two walls of 2.5 mm of the thickness of the skin in the fold of the overlap and 10 mm of vacuum chamber with monolithic airgel core. When superimposing the panels in the assembly, the joint consists of 30mm thick, like the rest of the system, but its composition will be that of four 2.5mm thick walls of reinforced resin, and two vacuum chambers filled with gel 10 mm monolithic silica.
Esta forma tan especial del panel 1 obedece a dotar al mismo de unos medios de unión sencillos que hagan que la superficie definida por los paneles 1 al unirse sea lo más continua posible. En realidad el panel 1 dispone de una forma compuesta conformada a partir de dos formas cuadradas solapadas diagonalmente tal y como se puede apreciar en las citadas figuras 1 y 2, donde el rebaje 9 queda solapado con el correspondiente escalonamiento 12 del panel 1 contiguo. This very special form of panel 1 is due to providing it with simple joining means that make the surface defined by the panels 1 when joining as continuous as possible. In fact, the panel 1 has a composite shape formed from two diagonally overlapping square shapes as can be seen in the aforementioned figures 1 and 2, where the recess 9 is overlapped with the corresponding stepping 12 of the adjacent panel 1.
En las figuras 4 y 5 se puede apreciar de forma más precisa como quedan unidos dos paneles contiguos. Para In Figures 4 and 5 it can be seen more precisely how two adjacent panels are joined. For
ES 2 398 119 A1 ES 2 398 119 A1
asegurar las uniones entre paneles contiguos, se emplearán tornillos termoplásticos 15 de alta resistencia que atraviesan rebajes 9 y escalonamientos 12 de paneles contiguos. Se emplearán tres tornillos termoplásticos, cada uno de 52 mm aproximadamente, los cuales serán los encargados de afianzar el sistema en el estadio de montaje en obra. to secure the joints between adjacent panels, high strength thermoplastic screws 15 will be used that pass through recesses 9 and steps 12 of adjacent panels. Three thermoplastic screws will be used, each of approximately 52 mm, which will be responsible for securing the system in the construction site.
Este ensamblaje entre paneles 1 se consolida mediante la aplicación a las juntas 16 entre paneles 1 de cloroformo industrial que gracias a su soldadura química no deja espacio entre los paneles, pudiendo ser diseñados con exactitud milimétrica para su ensamblaje y además sella a nivel higroscópico el sistema. This assembly between panels 1 is consolidated by the application to the joints 16 between panels 1 of industrial chloroform that thanks to its chemical welding does not leave space between the panels, being able to be designed with millimeter accuracy for its assembly and also seals the system hygroscopically .
El sistema se completará con válvulas de vacío 17 situadas en las zonas de solape entre paneles contiguos, cerca de las aéreas de atornillado entre paneles 1, disponiendo dichas válvulas de vacío 17 de un tapón de SiO2-PMMA enroscable en orificios practicados a tal efecto en los paneles 1, sellándose igualmente dicho tapón de forma química mediante el cloroformo industrial y terminando el acabo superficial con una película protectora 8 de gel-coat antiestático. The system will be completed with vacuum valves 17 located in the overlapping zones between adjacent panels, close to the screwed-in areas between panels 1, said vacuum valves 17 having a plug of SiO2-PMMA screwed into holes made for this purpose in the panels 1, said cap also being chemically sealed by industrial chloroform and finishing the surface finish with a protective film 8 of antistatic gel-coat.
Para conseguir la retroiluminación de los paneles se empleará una tira de LED (no representada en las figuras). Esta tira de LED será impermeable y autoadhesiva y dispondrá de 15 LEDs (SMD Lateral) de alta intensidad de emisión lateral y longitud total de 30 cm. Además, dispondrá de un cable de conexión de 12V en ambos extremos y 55 cm de longitud X 5mm ancho X 2mm alto, el cual puede ser conectado directamente entre los paneles generando un circuito continuo hasta llegar a la fuente de alimentación o un enchufe. To achieve the backlight of the panels, an LED strip (not shown in the figures) will be used. This LED strip will be waterproof and self-adhesive and will have 15 LEDs (Side SMD) of high lateral emission intensity and total length of 30 cm. In addition, it will have a 12V connection cable at both ends and 55 cm long X 5mm wide X 2mm high, which can be connected directly between the panels generating a continuous circuit until reaching the power supply or a plug.
Esta retroiluminación se podría integrar en el interior del panel en el proceso de fabricación: El momento sería cuando se está montando el panel y ya se tiene la “caja” construida, este elemento se adheriría a un lateral del mismo en la cara interior. Se permitiría el paso de ambos extremos a través de las paredes del panel, y las perforaciones se sellarían mediante resina acrílica. Al dejar las dos terminaciones con una “superficie de contacto, o conexión” fuera, los paneles, al ser montados, generarían líneas de LEDs que terminarían en las fuentes de alimentación del edificio (mediante una instalación convencional) y en el sistema de control de los LED. Una vez sellados el paso de las dos terminaciones, el panel el proceso de llenado y secado sería similar al ya propuesto. This backlight could be integrated inside the panel in the manufacturing process: The moment would be when the panel is being assembled and the “box” is already built, this element would adhere to one side of the panel on the inside face. Both ends would be allowed to pass through the panel walls, and the perforations would be sealed by acrylic resin. By leaving the two terminations with a “contact surface, or connection” outside, the panels, when assembled, would generate LED lines that would end up in the building's power supplies (through a conventional installation) and in the control system of LEDs Once the passage of the two endings was sealed, the panel filling and drying process would be similar to the one already proposed.
Otra opción, teniendo en cuenta el escaso espesor de la tira de LEDs (2mm), sería colocar la tira, de forma exterior, dentro de la unión entre paneles. Esto abarataría mucho la instalación y simplificaría el proceso de fabricación, eliminando perforaciones en el panel. Another option, taking into account the low thickness of the LED strip (2mm), would be to place the strip, externally, within the joint between panels. This would greatly reduce the installation and simplify the manufacturing process, eliminating perforations in the panel.
ES 2 398 119 A1 ES 2 398 119 A1
Claims (14)
- 2.2.
- Sistema de panelización de alta eficiencia energética y de formas libres según la reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque el panel (1) comprende un baño de ITO (6) (Óxido de Indio dopado con Estaño) aplicado sobre ciertas zonas de la hoja externa (4). Panel system of high energy efficiency and free forms according to claim 1, characterized in that the panel (1) comprises an ITO bath (6) (Indium Oxide doped with Tin) applied on certain areas of the outer sheet (4) .
- 3.3.
- Sistema de panelización según la reivindicación 2, caracterizado porque el baño de ITO (6) se aplica sobre zonas transparentes del panel (1). Panelization system according to claim 2, characterized in that the ITO bath (6) is applied on transparent areas of the panel (1).
- 4.Four.
- Sistema de panelización según las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque el panel (1) comprende una capa de resina PMMA (7) aplicada in situ sobre ciertas zonas de la hoja externa (4). Paneling system according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the panel (1) comprises a layer of PMMA resin (7) applied in situ on certain areas of the outer sheet (4).
- 5.5.
- Sistema de panelización según la reivindicación 4, caracterizado porque la capa de resina PMMA (7) se aplica sobre las zonas translucidas del panel (1). Panelization system according to claim 4, characterized in that the PMMA resin layer (7) is applied on the translucent areas of the panel (1).
- 6.6.
- Sistema de panelización según las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque cada panel (1) comprende una última película protectora (8) exterior seleccionable entre una película de gel antiestático a base de resina de poliéster o una película de laca. Paneling system according to the preceding claims, characterized in that each panel (1) comprises a last outer protective film (8) selectable between an antistatic gel film based on polyester resin or a lacquer film.
- 7.7.
- Sistema de panelización según la reivindicación 6, caracterizado porque la película protectora (8) es transparente y se aplica sobre el baño de ITO (6). Panelization system according to claim 6, characterized in that the protective film (8) is transparent and is applied on the ITO bath (6).
- 8.8.
- Sistema de panelización según la reivindicación 6, caracterizado porque la película protectora (8) es traslúcida y se aplica sobre la capa de resina PMMA (7). Panelization system according to claim 6, characterized in that the protective film (8) is translucent and is applied on the PMMA resin layer (7).
- 9.9.
- Sistema de panelización según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores caracterizado porque los medios de unión entre paneles disponen de un rebaje (9) en dos de los primeros bordes contiguos (10, 11) del panel en una primera esquina del panel y un escalonamiento (12) de igual espesor que el rebaje (9) en los dos bordes contiguos (13, 14) en la segunda esquina contrapuesta a la primera esquina, para definir una unión por machihembrado a solape de paneles (1) contiguos. Panelization system according to any of the preceding claims characterized in that the joining means between panels have a recess (9) in two of the first contiguous edges (10, 11) of the panel in a first corner of the panel and a stepping (12) of the same thickness as the recess (9) in the two adjacent edges (13, 14) in the second corner opposed to the first corner, to define a tongue and groove joint of adjacent panels (1).
- 10.10.
- Sistema de panelización según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores caracterizado porque los paneles contiguos se fijan entre sí mediante tornillos termoplásticos (15) de alta resistencia que atraviesan rebajes (9) y escalonamientos (12) de paneles contiguos. Panelization system according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the adjacent panels are fixed together by means of high-strength thermoplastic screws (15) that pass through recesses (9) and stepping (12) of adjacent panels.
- 11.eleven.
- Sistema de panelización según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores caracterizado porque las juntas Panelization system according to any of the preceding claims characterized in that the joints
- 12.12.
- Sistema de panelización según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores caracterizado porque se disponen válvulas de vacío (17) situadas en las zonas de solape entre paneles contiguos, donde dichas válvulas de vacío (17) disponen de un tapón de SiO2-PMMA enroscable en orificios practicados a tal efecto en los paneles (1). Paneling system according to any of the preceding claims characterized in that vacuum valves (17) are located in the overlapping areas between adjacent panels, wherein said vacuum valves (17) have a plug of SiO2-PMMA screwed into holes made of such effect on the panels (1).
- 13.13.
- Sistema de panelización según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores caracterizado porque los paneles (1) son retroiluminables. Panelization system according to any of the preceding claims characterized in that the panels (1) are backlit.
- Categoría Category
- 56 Documentos citados Reivindicaciones afectadas 56 Documents cited Claims Affected
- A TO
- GB 2464369 A (PROCTOR GROUP LTD A) 21.04.2010, todo el documento. GB 2464369 A (PROCTOR GROUP LTD A) 04/21/2010, the whole document.
- A TO
- EP 2180104 A1 (ROCKWOOL INT) 28.04.2010, todo el documento. EP 2180104 A1 (ROCKWOOL INT) 04/28/2010, the whole document.
- A TO
- JP 2001279904 A (DAINIPPON PRINTING CO LTD) 10.10.2001, todo el documento. JP 2001279904 A (DAINIPPON PRINTING CO LTD) 10.10.2001, the whole document.
- A TO
- JP 2010167685 A (IMAE KOGYO KK) 05.08.2010, todo el documento. JP 2010167685 A (IMAE KOGYO KK) 05.08.2010, the whole document.
- A TO
- EP 2277691 A1 (KNAUF INSULATION TECHNOLOGY GMBH) 26.01.2011, todo el documento. EP 2277691 A1 (KNAUF INSULATION TECHNOLOGY GMBH) 26.01.2011, the whole document.
- A TO
- ES 1076765 U (TOMAS FELI RIUS) 24.04.2012, todo el documento. EN 1076765 U (TOMAS FELI RIUS) 24.04.2012, the whole document.
- Categoría de los documentos citados X: de particular relevancia Y: de particular relevancia combinado con otro/s de la misma categoría A: refleja el estado de la técnica O: referido a divulgación no escrita P: publicado entre la fecha de prioridad y la de presentación de la solicitud E: documento anterior, pero publicado después de la fecha de presentación de la solicitud Category of the documents cited X: of particular relevance Y: of particular relevance combined with other / s of the same category A: reflects the state of the art O: refers to unwritten disclosure P: published between the priority date and the date of priority submission of the application E: previous document, but published after the date of submission of the application
- El presente informe ha sido realizado • para todas las reivindicaciones • para las reivindicaciones nº: This report has been prepared • for all claims • for claims no:
- Fecha de realización del informe 26.02.2013 Date of completion of the report 02.22.2013
- Examinador E. Arias Perez-Ilzarbe Página 1/4 Examiner E. Arias Perez-Ilzarbe Page 1/4
- Novedad (Art. 6.1 LP 11/1986) Novelty (Art. 6.1 LP 11/1986)
- Reivindicaciones Reivindicaciones 1-13 SI NO Claims Claims 1-13 IF NOT
- Actividad inventiva (Art. 8.1 LP11/1986) Inventive activity (Art. 8.1 LP11 / 1986)
- Reivindicaciones Reivindicaciones 1-13 SI NO Claims Claims 1-13 IF NOT
- Documento Document
- Número Publicación o Identificación Fecha Publicación Publication or Identification Number publication date
- D01 D01
- GB 2464369 A (PROCTOR GROUP LTD A) 21.04.2010 GB 2464369 A (PROCTOR GROUP LTD A) 04/21/2010
- D02 D02
- EP 2180104 A1 (ROCKWOOL INT) 28.04.2010 EP 2180104 A1 (ROCKWOOL INT) 04/28/2010
- D03 D03
- JP 2001279904 A (DAINIPPON PRINTING CO LTD) 10.10.2001 JP 2001279904 A (DAINIPPON PRINTING CO LTD) 10.10.2001
- D04 D04
- JP 2010167685 A (IMAE KOGYO KK) 05.08.2010 JP 2010167685 A (IMAE KOGYO KK) 05.08.2010
- D05 D05
- EP 2277691 A1 (KNAUF INSULATION TECHNOLOGY GMBH) 26.01.2011 EP 2277691 A1 (KNAUF INSULATION TECHNOLOGY GMBH) 01.01.2011
- D06 D06
- ES 1076765 U (TOMAS FELI RIUS) 24.04.2012 ES 1076765 U (FELI RIUS TAKES) 24.04.2012
- --
- el propio panel con rebajes que permiten el solape entre paneles contiguos -el sistema de ensamblaje del panel con tornillos termoplásticos -válvulas de vacío en el panel con tapones de SiO2 -sistema de retroiluminación -películas protectoras de ITO y películas de resina de poliéster o laca -sellado con cloroformo industrial the panel itself with recesses that allow the overlap between adjacent panels - the panel assembly system with thermoplastic screws - vacuum valves on the panel with SiO2 plugs - backlight system - ITO protective films and polyester or lacquer resin films -sealed with industrial chloroform
Priority Applications (2)
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ES201232048A ES2398119B2 (en) | 2012-12-27 | 2012-12-27 | Panel system of high energy efficiency and free forms |
PCT/ES2013/070906 WO2014102424A1 (en) | 2012-12-27 | 2013-12-20 | Freeform panelling system with high energy efficiency |
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ES201232048A ES2398119B2 (en) | 2012-12-27 | 2012-12-27 | Panel system of high energy efficiency and free forms |
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ES2398119B2 true ES2398119B2 (en) | 2013-09-16 |
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DE102014007805A1 (en) | 2014-05-27 | 2015-12-03 | WindplusSonne GmbH | Solar absorber, process for its preparation and its use |
DE102014013600A1 (en) | 2014-09-13 | 2016-03-17 | WindplusSonne GmbH | Solar absorber, process for its preparation and its use |
EP3440259B1 (en) | 2016-04-05 | 2021-02-24 | FiberLean Technologies Limited | Paper and paperboard products |
US11846072B2 (en) | 2016-04-05 | 2023-12-19 | Fiberlean Technologies Limited | Process of making paper and paperboard products |
EP3684986B1 (en) * | 2017-09-20 | 2023-09-20 | Louisiana-Pacific Corporation | Integrated joint sealing system |
CN112796480B (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2022-10-11 | 新沂市大自然木业有限公司 | Waterproof flame-retardant spliced medium-high-density fiber base material |
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JP2001279904A (en) * | 2000-04-03 | 2001-10-10 | Dainippon Printing Co Ltd | Heat-insulating wall material and construction method of heat-insulating wall |
GB0814789D0 (en) * | 2008-08-13 | 2008-09-17 | Proctor Group Ltd A | Wall liner |
EP2180104A1 (en) * | 2008-10-21 | 2010-04-28 | Rockwool International A/S | Facade insulation system |
JP5354266B2 (en) * | 2009-01-23 | 2013-11-27 | 井前工業株式会社 | Thermal insulation sheet |
EP2277691A1 (en) * | 2009-06-25 | 2011-01-26 | Knauf Insulation Technology GmbH | Aerogel comprising laminates |
ES1076765Y (en) * | 2012-03-30 | 2012-07-27 | Rius Tomas Feliu | INSULATING AND ANTI-IMPACT PANEL |
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- 2012-12-27 ES ES201232048A patent/ES2398119B2/en active Active
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