ES2371826B1 - INTEGRAL ENERGY USE SYSTEM. - Google Patents
INTEGRAL ENERGY USE SYSTEM. Download PDFInfo
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- ES2371826B1 ES2371826B1 ES201030210A ES201030210A ES2371826B1 ES 2371826 B1 ES2371826 B1 ES 2371826B1 ES 201030210 A ES201030210 A ES 201030210A ES 201030210 A ES201030210 A ES 201030210A ES 2371826 B1 ES2371826 B1 ES 2371826B1
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
- F03D9/007—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations the wind motor being combined with means for converting solar radiation into useful energy
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G33/00—Cultivation of seaweed or algae
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/14—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using solar energy
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
- F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
- F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G6/00—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
- F03G6/001—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy having photovoltaic cells
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G6/00—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
- F03G6/02—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy using a single state working fluid
- F03G6/04—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy using a single state working fluid gaseous
- F03G6/045—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy using a single state working fluid gaseous by producing an updraft of heated gas or a downdraft of cooled gas, e.g. air driving an engine
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G6/00—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
- F03G6/06—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G6/00—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
- F03G6/06—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means
- F03G6/068—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means having other power cycles, e.g. Stirling or transcritical, supercritical cycles; combined with other power sources, e.g. wind, gas or nuclear
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S10/00—PV power plants; Combinations of PV energy systems with other systems for the generation of electric power
- H02S10/10—PV power plants; Combinations of PV energy systems with other systems for the generation of electric power including a supplementary source of electric power, e.g. hybrid diesel-PV energy systems
- H02S10/12—Hybrid wind-PV energy systems
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2201/009—Apparatus with independent power supply, e.g. solar cells, windpower, fuel cells
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2220/00—Application
- F05B2220/62—Application for desalination
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2240/00—Components
- F05B2240/10—Stators
- F05B2240/13—Stators to collect or cause flow towards or away from turbines
- F05B2240/131—Stators to collect or cause flow towards or away from turbines by means of vertical structures, i.e. chimneys
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2260/00—Function
- F05B2260/20—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling
- F05B2260/24—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling for draft enhancement in chimneys, using solar or other heat sources
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
- Y02A20/138—Water desalination using renewable energy
- Y02A20/141—Wind power
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
- Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
- Y02A20/212—Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/46—Conversion of thermal power into mechanical power, e.g. Rankine, Stirling or solar thermal engines
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/12—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries using renewable energies, e.g. solar water pumping
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P80/00—Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications
- Y02P80/10—Efficient use of energy, e.g. using compressed air or pressurized fluid as energy carrier
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Apparatus Associated With Microorganisms And Enzymes (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)
Abstract
Sistema integral de aprovechamiento energético.#Combina e integra el aprovechamiento de energía solar, eólica y biomasa en la superficie ocupada por una torre solar de manera que se obtiene un mayor beneficio energético por unidad de superficie. Dicho sistema comprende una chimenea (10) solar, preferentemente entre 500 y 1000 m. de altura, que presenta inferiormente un invernadero (11) en cuyo suelo se encuentran instalados un número variable de destiladores (20) solares, adaptados para obtener agua dulce a partir de agua salada. Se ha previsto además que dichos destiladores (20) solares incorporen unos paneles solares fotovoltaicos (30) para un mayor aprovechamiento de la energía solar incidente. Además, con objeto de maximizar el rendimiento obtenido a partir de dichos destiladores (20) solares, se contempla la posibilidad de que éstos últimos cultiven microalgas en su interior para el aprovechamiento de energía de biomasa.Integral system of energy use. # Combines and integrates the use of solar, wind and biomass energy on the surface occupied by a solar tower so that a greater energy benefit is obtained per unit area. Said system comprises a solar chimney (10), preferably between 500 and 1000 m. high, which has a greenhouse (11) inferiorly in whose soil a variable number of solar distillers (20) are installed, adapted to obtain fresh water from salt water. It is also provided that said solar distillers (20) incorporate photovoltaic solar panels (30) for greater use of the incident solar energy. In addition, in order to maximize the yield obtained from said solar distillers (20), the possibility of the latter cultivating microalgae inside it for the use of biomass energy is contemplated.
Description
Sistema integral de aprovechamiento energético. Integral system of energy use.
Objeto de la invención Object of the invention
La presente invención pertenece al campo de las energías renovables, y más concretamente a sistemas que combinan el aprovechamiento de diferentes tipos de energías renovables. The present invention belongs to the field of renewable energy, and more specifically to systems that combine the use of different types of renewable energy.
El objeto principal de la presente invención es un sistema integral de aprovechamiento de energías renovables que combina la energía solar, eólica y biomasa. The main object of the present invention is an integral system of use of renewable energies that combines solar, wind and biomass energy.
Antecedentes de la invención Background of the invention
En las últimas décadas se viene planteando la posibilidad del diseño e instalación de grandes chimeneas o torres solares que aprovechan la energía solar basándose en el poder ascensional del aire caliente. Dicho aire se calienta en unos invernaderos de grandes dimensiones y, en su ascenso a través de la chimenea, se hace pasar a través de unas turbinas donde se generan enormes cantidades de energía eléctrica. In recent decades, the possibility of designing and installing large chimneys or solar towers that take advantage of solar energy based on the ascending power of hot air has been raised. This air is heated in large greenhouses and, as it rises through the chimney, is passed through turbines where huge amounts of electric power are generated.
Podemos encontrar varias patentes relacionadas con distintas variantes de esta misma idea. Por ejemplo, en la patente US 4275309 el suelo del invernadero está cubierto por arena, roca, gravilla o cualquier otro material que absorba calor; o bien la patente WO 01/96740 que propone una torre formada por cámaras de calefacción del aire, con una zona más angosta (similar a un tubo de Venturi) en la parte inferior, con el fin de aumentar la velocidad del aire e incluye reflectores para dirigir los rayos solares hacia las cámaras calefactoras. We can find several patents related to different variants of this same idea. For example, in US 4275309 the greenhouse floor is covered by sand, rock, gravel or any other material that absorbs heat; or WO 01/96740 which proposes a tower formed by air heating chambers, with a narrower zone (similar to a Venturi tube) at the bottom, in order to increase the air velocity and includes reflectors to direct the sun's rays towards the heating chambers.
A principio de los años 80 se construyó en Manzanares (Ciudad Real) una torre solar de 194.6 m de altura, en el centro de una superficie circular cubierta, que actuaba de invernadero, de 244 m de diámetro. El incremento de temperatura del aire entre la entrada (temperatura ambiente) y el colector era aproximadamente 20ºC. Este dispositivo proporcionaba una potencia energética nominal de 50 kW. Hay proyectos en los que se plantea la construcción de dispositivos similares de tamaño muy superior (torre de 750 m de altura, invernadero de diámetro 2900 m y potencia nominal 50 MW). At the beginning of the 80s, a 194.6 m high solar tower was built in Manzanares (Ciudad Real), in the center of a covered circular surface, acting as a greenhouse, 244 m in diameter. The increase in air temperature between the inlet (ambient temperature) and the collector was approximately 20 ° C. This device provided a nominal power output of 50 kW. There are projects in which the construction of similar devices of a much larger size is proposed (750 m high tower, 2900 m diameter greenhouse and 50 MW nominal power).
Por otro lado, los destiladores solares son dispositivos ampliamente conocidos para la obtención de agua dulce a partir de agua salada y, a pesar de su larga trayectoria, en la actualidad se continúan publicando patentes relacionadas con estos dispositivos. La producción de agua dulce obtenida en un destilador solar depende del calor aprovechado por el agua para su evaporación, lo cual a su vez depende de distintos parámetros, tales como el tipo de destilador, su orientación, la radiación solar que le llega, la transmitancia de la cubierta o el espesor de la capa de agua salada en su interior. En general, se puede considerar que la producción de agua dulce en los destiladores solares oscila en un intervalo comprendido entre 3-5 L/m2 día. On the other hand, solar distillers are widely known devices for obtaining fresh water from salt water and, despite their long history, patents related to these devices continue to be published. The production of fresh water obtained in a solar distiller depends on the heat used by the water for its evaporation, which in turn depends on different parameters, such as the type of distiller, its orientation, the solar radiation that reaches it, the transmittance of the cover or the thickness of the salt water layer inside. In general, it can be considered that the production of fresh water in solar distillers ranges from 3-5 L / m2 day.
Asimismo la utilización del suelo de los invernaderos, de las citadas chimeneas solares, para la producción de cultivos energéticos dedicados bien a la producción de biocombustibles o bien al abastecimiento de una planta de generación eléctrica por biomasa, también ha sido tema de estudio e investigación. El cultivo de microalgas, tanto en reactores abiertos como cerrados, se está postulando últimamente como una alternativa interesante a los cultivos energéticos. El aprovechamiento del poder calorífico de estos microorganismos, así como de los posibles productos de elevado valor añadido que pueden contener, hacen de estos procesos un tema de investigación y desarrollo muy atractivo. Likewise, the use of the soil of the greenhouses, of the aforementioned solar chimneys, for the production of energy crops dedicated either to the production of biofuels or to the supply of a biomass power generation plant, has also been the subject of study and research. The cultivation of microalgae, both in open and closed reactors, is being postulated lately as an interesting alternative to energy crops. The use of the calorific value of these microorganisms, as well as the possible products of high added value that they may contain, make these processes a very attractive research and development topic.
La patente con número de publicación WO2008142459 propone la construcción de una torre solar donde la mayor parte de la superficie bajo el invernadero esté cubierta de agua salada. La radiación solar y la circulación del aire producirán la evaporación del agua que puede ser recogida en puntos intermedios de la chimenea y utilizada para distintos fines. Sin embargo, la viabilidad de esta propuesta es cuestionable, ya que el calor consumido en la evaporación del agua impide la calefacción del aire hasta las temperaturas alcanzadas en ausencia de agua, con lo que la ascensión del aire por la torre no está en absoluto garantizada. La patente CN 101358578 (A) también pretende desalinizar agua de mar aprovechando una torre solar. La descripción dada no permite distinguir si se trata de un desalinizador cerrado o abierto. The patent with publication number WO2008142459 proposes the construction of a solar tower where most of the surface under the greenhouse is covered with salt water. Solar radiation and air circulation will produce the evaporation of water that can be collected at intermediate points in the chimney and used for different purposes. However, the viability of this proposal is questionable, since the heat consumed in the evaporation of the water prevents the heating of the air to the temperatures reached in the absence of water, so that the ascent of the air through the tower is not guaranteed at all. . CN patent 101358578 (A) also intends to desalinate seawater using a solar tower. The description given does not distinguish whether it is a closed or open desalination plant.
Por último, la implantación de paneles solares para la obtención de energía eléctrica basada en el efecto fotovoltaico se viene incrementando en los últimos años y aunque la principal barrera para su desarrollo es de carácter económico, las perspectivas favorables de evolución tecnológica y económica, permiten predecir mejoras muy relevantes a medio plazo. Finally, the introduction of solar panels to obtain electrical energy based on the photovoltaic effect has been increasing in recent years and although the main barrier to its development is of an economic nature, the favorable prospects of technological and economic evolution allow us to predict Very relevant improvements in the medium term.
El problema técnico que se plantea es que tanto la instalación de torres solares como de paneles solares fotovoltaicos requiere grandes superficies de terreno para poder obtener rendimientos energéticos interesantes, con lo que se hace necesario maximizar y optimizar el aprovechamiento energético obtenido a partir de dichas instalaciones. The technical problem that arises is that both the installation of solar towers and photovoltaic solar panels requires large areas of land in order to obtain interesting energy yields, which makes it necessary to maximize and optimize the energy use obtained from these facilities.
Descripción de la invención Description of the invention
Mediante la presente invención se resuelve el problema técnico anteriormente planteado proporcionando un sistema que combina e integra diferentes instalaciones de aprovechamiento de energías renovables de manera que se optimiza considerablemente la potencia energética obtenida por unidad de superficie. By means of the present invention, the aforementioned technical problem is solved by providing a system that combines and integrates different installations for using renewable energy so that the energy power obtained per unit area is considerably optimized.
Más concretamente, mediante el sistema integral de aprovechamiento energético, objeto de invención, se consigue obtener un mayor beneficio energético de la superficie ocupada por una torre solar, combinando el aprovechamiento de energía solar, eólica y biomasa. Dicho sistema, especialmente indicado para zonas geográficas donde el abastecimiento de agua potable suponga un problema, y cuyo coste de terreno sea bajo, comprende: More specifically, by means of the integral system of energy use, object of the invention, it is possible to obtain a greater energy benefit from the surface occupied by a solar tower, combining the use of solar, wind and biomass energy. This system, especially suitable for geographical areas where the supply of drinking water is a problem, and whose land cost is low, includes:
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- una chimenea solar, preferentemente entre 500 y 1000 m de altura, en cuya base presenta un invernadero concéntrico de grandes dimensiones, abierto al exterior en todo su perímetro, y que dispone de una cubierta superior de material transparente adaptada para permitir el paso de radiación solar, y a solar chimney, preferably between 500 and 1000 m high, at the base of which it has a large concentric greenhouse, open to the outside throughout its perimeter, and which has an upper cover of transparent material adapted to allow the passage of solar radiation , Y
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- un número variable de destiladores solares, instalados sobre el suelo del invernadero, adaptados para obtener agua dulce a partir de agua salada mediante unos conductos de entrada y salida conectados a la red general tanto de suministro como de recogida. a variable number of solar distillers, installed on the floor of the greenhouse, adapted to obtain fresh water from salt water through inlet and outlet ducts connected to the general supply and collection network.
El aire frío exterior entra en el invernadero por su extremo perimetral, este aire es calentado al incidir sobre él la luz solar, y avanza hacia la base de la chimenea aumentando gradualmente su temperatura (puede llegar incluso hasta los 50ºC). Este aire caliente, en su paso ascendente a través de la chimenea hace girar unas turbinas de aire dispuestas en su parte inferior, las cuales están conectadas a un generador principal produciendo energía eléctrica. De esta manera se consigue la conversión de energía solar y eólica en energía eléctrica. The cold outside air enters the greenhouse at its perimeter end, this air is heated by sunlight, and advances towards the base of the chimney gradually increasing its temperature (it can even reach 50 ° C). This hot air, in its upward passage through the chimney, rotates air turbines arranged in its lower part, which are connected to a main generator producing electrical energy. In this way the conversion of solar and wind energy into electrical energy is achieved.
Preferentemente los destiladores disponen de unos paneles solares fotovoltaicos para la obtención de energía eléctrica a partir de la radiación solar recibida. Dichos paneles solares, preferentemente ubicados en la cara posterior de los destiladores, se encuentran instalados adecuadamente tanto en orientación como en inclinación para maximizar su rendimiento. Preferably, the distillers have photovoltaic solar panels for obtaining electrical energy from the solar radiation received. Said solar panels, preferably located on the rear face of the distillers, are properly installed in both orientation and inclination to maximize their performance.
Estos paneles solares fotovoltaicos pueden ir conectados al generador principal de la chimenea solar,oaungenerador independiente. Asimismo, preferentemente se contemplan dos tipos de destiladores solares, unos con su cara posterior vertical, y otros con su cara posterior inclinada para una mayor absorción de la energía solar recibida en el panel solar fotovoltaico. These photovoltaic solar panels can be connected to the main generator of the solar chimney, or to an independent mixer. Likewise, two types of solar distillers are preferably contemplated, some with their vertical rear face, and others with their inclined rear face for greater absorption of the solar energy received in the photovoltaic solar panel.
Se ha previsto que para optimizar aún más si cabe la eficiencia de los destiladores solares, su base y/o su cara posterior estén fabricados preferentemente en un material opaco, de manera que absorban mayor radiación solar, aumentando su temperatura. It is envisaged that to further optimize the efficiency of solar distillers, their base and / or their back face are preferably made of an opaque material, so that they absorb more solar radiation, increasing their temperature.
De acuerdo con una realización preferente de la invención, y con objeto de aprovechar al máximo toda la superficie cubierta por los destiladores solares dentro del invernadero, se contempla la posibilidad de que dichos destiladores cultiven en su interior microalgas, para el aprovechamiento de energía de biomasa. In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, and in order to make the most of the entire surface covered by solar distillers within the greenhouse, the possibility that said distillators cultivate microalgae inside them, for the use of biomass energy, is contemplated .
De estas microalgas se puede conseguir un doble beneficio: por un lado se obtienen fracciones útiles y productos naturales de interés (proteínas, lípidos, celulosa, aceite para posibles biocombustibles, etc.); y por otro lado, es posible obtener energía eléctrica mediante un generador secundario, a partir de la combustión de los residuos de microalgas, A double benefit can be obtained from these microalgae: on the one hand, useful fractions and natural products of interest (proteins, lipids, cellulose, oil for possible biofuels, etc.) are obtained; and on the other hand, it is possible to obtain electrical energy by means of a secondary generator, from the combustion of microalgae residues,
o de las microalgas en sí. or of the microalgae itself.
Preferentemente, dichas microalgas deben ser especies que soporten los distintos rangos de temperaturas existentes en el interior del invernadero. Además, preferentemente se buscarán especies de microalgas cuyo tiempo de residencia en los destiladores se ajuste y acople al tiempo que permanece cada carga de agua salada antes de su evaporación. Preferably, said microalgae should be species that support the different temperature ranges within the greenhouse. In addition, microalgae species whose residence time in the distillers will be adjusted and coupled while each salt water charge remains before evaporation will preferably be sought.
Por último, el sistema integral de aprovechamiento energético aquí descrito incluirá todos aquellos equipos auxiliares, tales como bombas, compresores, tuberías, válvulas, sistemas de control, etc., necesarios para un correcto funcionamiento del sistema. Finally, the integral system of energy use described here will include all auxiliary equipment, such as pumps, compressors, pipes, valves, control systems, etc., necessary for the proper functioning of the system.
De esta manera se combinan cuatro proyectos en uno. Cabe citar que todos los procesos de aprovechamiento energético descritos son independientes, coexisten en el mismo espacio para aprovechar la máxima fracción posible de energía solar incidente, pero ninguno de ellos reduce ni potencia la efectividad de los otros. In this way four projects are combined in one. It is worth mentioning that all the described processes of energy use are independent, coexist in the same space to take advantage of the maximum possible fraction of incident solar energy, but none of them reduce or enhance the effectiveness of the others.
Por tanto, mediante el sistema integral de la presente invención se consigue obtener un mayor aprovechamiento energético por unidad de superficie, añadiendo a la potencia generada por la chimenea solar, la que se obtiene a partir de la biomasa cultivada y la de los paneles solares fotovoltaicos de los destiladores solares, además del aprovechamiento adicional asociado a la obtención de agua dulce. Therefore, by means of the integral system of the present invention it is possible to obtain a greater energy use per unit area, adding to the power generated by the solar chimney, the one obtained from the cultivated biomass and that of the photovoltaic solar panels of solar distillers, in addition to the additional use associated with obtaining fresh water.
Descripción de los dibujos Description of the drawings
Para complementar la descripción que se está realizando y con objeto de ayudar a una mejor comprensión de las características de la invención, de acuerdo con un ejemplo preferente de realización práctica de la misma, se acompaña como parte integrante de dicha descripción, un juego de dibujos en donde con carácter ilustrativo y no limitativo, se ha representado lo siguiente: To complement the description that is being made and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, according to a preferred example of practical implementation thereof, a set of drawings is attached as an integral part of said description. where, for illustrative and non-limiting purposes, the following has been represented:
Figura 1.-Muestra una vista general del sistema integral de aprovechamiento energético objeto de invención. Figure 1.- Shows a general view of the integral system of energy use object of the invention.
Figura 2.-Muestra una vista en planta del sistema integral de aprovechamiento energético. Figure 2.- Shows a plan view of the integral system of energy use.
Figura 3.-Muestra una vista lateral del sistema integral de aprovechamiento energético objeto de invención. Figure 3.- Shows a side view of the integral system of energy use object of the invention.
Figuras 4A y 4B.-Muestran unas vistas en perspectiva y lateral de un destilador solar con su pared posterior vertical, de acuerdo con una realización preferente de la invención. Figures 4A and 4B.-Show perspective and side views of a solar distiller with its vertical rear wall, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention.
Figuras 5A y 5B.-Muestran unas vistas en perspectiva y lateral de un destilador solar con su pared posterior inclinada, de acuerdo con otra realización preferente de la invención. Figures 5A and 5B.-Show perspective and side views of a solar distiller with its inclined back wall, in accordance with another preferred embodiment of the invention.
Figura 6.-Muestra una vista esquemática de los equipos que intervienen en el cultivo de microalgas. Figure 6.-Shows a schematic view of the equipment involved in the cultivation of microalgae.
Figura 7.-Muestra una tabla donde se aprecian características técnicas del sistema integral de aprovechamiento energético de acuerdo con una realización preferente de la invención. Figure 7.- Shows a table where technical characteristics of the integral system of energy use according to a preferred embodiment of the invention are appreciated.
Figura 8.-Muestra una tabla donde se aprecian los valores energéticos obtenidos en una torre solar empleando el sistema integral de aprovechamiento energético objeto de invención. Figure 8.-Shows a table where the energy values obtained in a solar tower are appreciated using the integral system of energy use object of the invention.
Realización preferente de la invención Preferred Embodiment of the Invention
De acuerdo con una realización preferente de la invención mostrada en las figuras 1,2y3,el sistema integral de aprovechamiento energético comprende: According to a preferred embodiment of the invention shown in Figures 1,2 and 3, the integral system of energy use comprises:
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- una chimenea (10) solar de configuración cilíndrica y vertical de 750 m de altura, en cuya parte inferior presenta unas turbinas de aire (13) y un generador principal (14), representados en la figura 3, para la obtención de energía eléctrica a partir de energía solar y eólica, y que dispone en su base de un invernadero (11) concéntrico de 2.900 m de diámetro y 6,6 km2 de superficie, abierto al exterior en todo su perímetro, con una cubierta (12) superior de material transparente adaptada para permitir el paso de radiación solar, y a solar chimney (10) of cylindrical and vertical con fi guration of 750 m high, in whose lower part it has air turbines (13) and a main generator (14), represented in Figure 3, for obtaining electrical energy from from solar and wind energy, and which has at its base a concentric greenhouse (11) of 2,900 m in diameter and 6.6 km2 of surface, open to the outside throughout its perimeter, with a roof (12) upper material transparent adapted to allow the passage of solar radiation, and
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- unos destiladores (20) solares, instalados sobre el suelo del invernadero (11), adaptados para obtener agua dulce a partir de agua salada mediante unos conductos (21) de entrada y salida conectados a la red general tanto de suministro como de recogida. solar distillers (20), installed on the floor of the greenhouse (11), adapted to obtain fresh water from salt water through inlet and outlet ducts (21) connected to the general supply and collection network.
Dichos destiladores (20) solares se encuentran orientados al sur para aprovechar al máximo la radiación solar incidente. Además, su cara superior está inclinada un ángulo comprendido entre 10 y 25º para facilitar así la recogida de agua dulce. Said solar distillers (20) are facing south to take full advantage of the incident solar radiation. In addition, its upper face is inclined at an angle between 10 and 25 ° to facilitate the collection of fresh water.
Como se puede apreciar en las figuras 4A, 4B, 5A, 5B, los destiladores (20) solares presentan en su cara posterior unos paneles solares fotovoltaicos (30), aprovechando la energía solar incidente para convertirla en energía eléctrica. Dichos paneles fotovoltaicos (30) pueden ir conectados al generador principal (14) de la chimenea (10) solar,oaun generador independiente. Además, para optimizar aún más si cabe la eficacia de los destiladores (20) solares, se ha previsto que su base y cara posterior estén fabricados en un material opaco y negro, de manera que absorban mayor radiación solar. As can be seen in Figures 4A, 4B, 5A, 5B, solar distillers (20) have photovoltaic solar panels (30) on their backs, taking advantage of the incident solar energy to convert it into electrical energy. Said photovoltaic panels (30) can be connected to the main generator (14) of the solar chimney (10), or to an independent generator. In addition, in order to further optimize the effectiveness of solar distillers (20), its base and rear face are provided to be made of an opaque and black material, so that they absorb more solar radiation.
De acuerdo con una realización preferente de la invención, y con objeto de aprovechar al máximo la superficie del invernadero (11) cubierta por los destiladores (20) solares, se ha previsto que éstos últimos cultiven en su interior microalgas, de las cuales se obtiene un doble aprovechamiento: por un lado la obtención de fracciones útiles y productos naturales de interés (proteínas, lípidos, celulosa, aceite para posibles biocombustibles, etc.), y por otro lado, la producción de energía eléctrica mediante un generador secundario (48), a partir de la combustión de los residuos de microalgas, o de las microalgas en sí, las cuales son quemadas en una caldera (47). In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, and in order to take full advantage of the surface of the greenhouse (11) covered by solar distillers (20), it is provided that the latter cultivate microalgae inside, from which it is obtained a double use: on the one hand the obtaining of useful fractions and natural products of interest (proteins, lipids, cellulose, oil for possible biofuels, etc.), and on the other hand, the production of electrical energy by means of a secondary generator (48) , from the combustion of microalgae residues, or microalgae itself, which are burned in a boiler (47).
De acuerdo con otra realización preferente de la invención no representada, los destiladores solares (20) pueden ser sustituidos por unos biorreactores secundarios, igualmente instalados sobre el suelo del invernadero (11) para el cultivo de microalgas, sin obtención de agua dulce, presentando igualmente paneles solares fotovoltaicos (30) para el aprovechamiento de la energía solar incidente. According to another preferred embodiment of the invention not shown, solar distillers (20) can be replaced by secondary bioreactors, also installed on the floor of the greenhouse (11) for the cultivation of microalgae, without obtaining fresh water, also presenting photovoltaic solar panels (30) for the use of incident solar energy.
La inclusión de cultivo de microalgas en los destiladores (20) solares o en biorreactores secundarios requiere la instalación de una serie de equipos (40) mostrados en la figura 6, ubicados en una zona exterior al invernadero (11), los cuales comprenden al menos: The inclusion of microalgae culture in solar distillers (20) or in secondary bioreactors requires the installation of a series of equipment (40) shown in Figure 6, located in an area outside the greenhouse (11), which comprise at least :
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- una unidad de suministro (41) de fuente de carbono que proporciona el alimento a las microalgas, a carbon source supply unit (41) that provides the food to the microalgae,
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- un biorreactor primario (42), en el cual se cultivan inicialmente las microalgas, las cuales son alimentadas mediante la fuente de carbono procedente de la unidad de suministro (41), siendo dichas microalgas posteriormente introducidas en los destiladores (20) solares o los biorreactores secundarios, a primary bioreactor (42), in which the microalgae are initially grown, which are fed by the carbon source from the supply unit (41), said microalgae being subsequently introduced into the solar distillers (20) or bioreactors secondary,
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- una unidad de separación (43), que separa las microalgas sólidas mediante técnicas de decantación, floculación a separation unit (43), which separates the solid microalgae by decanting, flocculation techniques
o centrifugación, y que dispone de medios de filtración para separar la materia sólida de la líquida, procedente de las microalgas, or centrifugation, and which has filtration means to separate the solid matter from the liquid, from the microalgae,
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- una unidad de acondicionamiento (44), adaptada para controlar y ajustar diferentes variables de la materia líquida procedente de la unidad de separación (43), para que dicha materia líquida pueda servir de inoculo del biorreactor primario (42), a conditioning unit (44), adapted to control and adjust different variables of the liquid matter from the separation unit (43), so that said liquid matter can serve as inoculum of the primary bioreactor (42),
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- una unidad de aprovechamiento (45) de microalgas que vincula la unidad de separación (43) y la unidad de acondicionamiento (44) con la unidad de suministro (41) de fuente de carbono, comenzando así un nuevo ciclo de aprovechamiento de energía de biomasa, y a microalgae harvesting unit (45) that links the separation unit (43) and the conditioning unit (44) with the carbon source supply unit (41), thus starting a new cycle of biomass energy utilization , Y
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- una unidad de control, no representada, que controla y automatiza la circulación de fluidos. a control unit, not shown, that controls and automates the flow of fluids.
Cabe señalar que la fuente de carbono que alimenta a las microalgas, procedente de la unidad de suministro (41) puede tratarse de CO2, gas de chimenea, o una disolución de bicarbonato generada en un absorbedor de CO2 a partir de una disolución de carbonato de sodio bombeada en él mediante un proceso automatizado. It should be noted that the source of carbon that feeds the microalgae, from the supply unit (41) can be CO2, chimney gas, or a bicarbonate solution generated in a CO2 absorber from a carbonate solution of sodium pumped into it through an automated process.
Como se puede observar en la figura 6, la unidad de aprovechamiento (45) comprende al menos una unidad de tratamiento (46), en la cual se realizan una serie de operaciones con el fin de obtener la mayor cantidad posible de productos útiles (proteínas, lípidos, celulosa, etc.) a partir de la materia sólida de las microalgas. As can be seen in Figure 6, the utilization unit (45) comprises at least one treatment unit (46), in which a series of operations are carried out in order to obtain as many useful products as possible (proteins). , lipids, cellulose, etc.) from the solid matter of the microalgae.
Adicionalmente, dicha unidad de aprovechamiento (45) puede comprender además: Additionally, said utilization unit (45) may further comprise:
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- una caldera (47), adaptada para quemar los residuos de las microalgas no aprovechados en la unidad de tratamiento (46), o las microalgas en sí, cuyos gases de combustión son conducidos hasta la unidad de suministro a boiler (47), adapted to burn the residues of the microalgae not used in the treatment unit (46), or the microalgae itself, whose combustion gases are conducted to the supply unit
(41) de la fuente de carbono, y (41) of the carbon source, and
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- un generador secundario (48) para la producción de electricidad a partir de la combustión de microalgas. a secondary generator (48) for the production of electricity from the combustion of microalgae.
En la figura 7 se muestra una tabla donde se aprecian características técnicas del sistema integral de aprovechamiento energético de acuerdo con una realización preferente de la invención, reflejando el número de destiladores instalados en la superficie del invernadero (11) en función de su longitud y distancia de separación entre ellos. Figure 7 shows a table showing technical characteristics of the integral system of energy use according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, reflecting the number of distillers installed on the surface of the greenhouse (11) depending on its length and distance of separation between them.
Asimismo, en la tabla de la figura 8, se muestra que mediante el sistema integral objeto de invención se consigue obtener un aprovechamiento energético de la energía solar incidente comprendido entre el 14-18%, optimizando considerablemente los rendimientos del 3,8% obtenidos con los anteriores sistemas existentes. Likewise, in the table in Figure 8, it is shown that through the integral system object of the invention it is possible to obtain an energy use of the incident solar energy between 14-18%, considerably optimizing the yields of 3.8% obtained with the previous existing systems.
Claims (13)
- 2. 2.
- Sistema integral de aprovechamiento energético de acuerdo con reivindicación 1 caracterizado porque los destiladores (20) solares disponen de paneles solares fotovoltaicos (30) para la conversión de la energía solar incidente en energía eléctrica. Integral system of energy use according to claim 1 characterized in that the solar distillers (20) have photovoltaic solar panels (30) for the conversion of the incident solar energy into electrical energy.
- 3. 3.
- Sistema integral de aprovechamiento energético de acuerdo con una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque los destiladores (20) solares, presentan su base y/o su cara posterior fabricados en un material opaco. Integral system of energy use according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the solar distillers (20) have their base and / or their back face made of an opaque material.
- 4. Four.
- Sistema integral de aprovechamiento energético de acuerdo con una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores caracterizado porque comprende adicionalmente una serie de equipos (40) mediante los cuales es posible el cultivo de microalgas para el aprovechamiento de energía de biomasa, comprendiendo dichos equipos (40) al menos: Integral system of energy use according to any one of the preceding claims characterized in that it additionally comprises a series of equipment (40) by means of which it is possible to cultivate microalgae for the use of biomass energy, said equipment (40) comprising at least :
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- una unidad de suministro (41) de fuente de carbono que proporciona el alimento a las microalgas, a carbon source supply unit (41) that provides the food to the microalgae,
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- un biorreactor primario (42), en el cual se cultivan inicialmente las microalgas, las cuales son alimentadas mediante la fuente de carbono procedente de la unidad de suministro (41), siendo dichas microalgas posteriormente introducidas en los destiladores (20) solares, a primary bioreactor (42), in which the microalgae are initially grown, which are fed by the carbon source from the supply unit (41), said microalgae being subsequently introduced into the solar distillers (20),
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- una unidad de separación (43), que separa las microalgas sólidas, y que dispone de medios de filtración para separar la materia sólida de la líquida procedente de las microalgas, a separation unit (43), which separates the solid microalgae, and which has filtration means to separate the solid matter from the liquid from the microalgae,
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- una unidad de acondicionamiento (44), adaptada para controlar y ajustar diferentes variables de la materia líquida procedente de la unidad de separación (43), para que dicha materia líquida pueda servir de inoculo del biorreactor primario (42), a conditioning unit (44), adapted to control and adjust different variables of the liquid matter from the separation unit (43), so that said liquid matter can serve as inoculum of the primary bioreactor (42),
- --
- una unidad de aprovechamiento (45) que vincula la unidad de separación (43) y la unidad de acondicionamiento a harvesting unit (45) that links the separation unit (43) and the conditioning unit
- --
- una unidad de control que controla y automatiza la circulación de fluidos. a control unit that controls and automates the flow of fluids.
- 5. 5.
- Sistema integral de aprovechamiento energético que comprende una chimenea (10) solar en cuya parte inferior presenta unas turbinas de aire (13) y un generador principal (14) para la obtención de energía eléctrica, y que dispone en su base de un invernadero (11) concéntrico de grandes dimensiones abierto al exterior en todo su perímetro, con una cubierta (12) superior de material transparente adaptada para permitir el paso de radiación solar, caracterizado porque comprende unos biorreactores secundarios, instalados sobre el suelo del invernadero (11) para el cultivo de microalgas. Integral system of energy use that includes a solar chimney (10) in whose lower part it has air turbines (13) and a main generator (14) for obtaining electrical energy, and which has a greenhouse (11) ) large concentric open to the outside throughout its perimeter, with a top cover (12) of transparent material adapted to allow the passage of solar radiation, characterized in that it comprises secondary bioreactors, installed on the floor of the greenhouse (11) for microalgae culture.
- 6. 6.
- Sistema integral de aprovechamiento energético de acuerdo con reivindicación 5 caracterizado porque los biorreactores secundarios disponen de paneles solares fotovoltaicos (30). Integral system of energy use according to claim 5 characterized in that the secondary bioreactors have photovoltaic solar panels (30).
- 7. 7.
- Sistema integral de aprovechamiento energético de acuerdo con una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 5-6 caracterizado porque comprende adicionalmente una serie de equipos (40) mediante los cuales es posible el cultivo de microalgas, comprendiendo dichos equipos (40) al menos: Integral system of energy use according to any one of claims 5-6 characterized in that it additionally comprises a series of equipment (40) by means of which microalgae cultivation is possible, said equipment comprising (40) at least:
- --
- una unidad de suministro (41) de fuente de carbono que proporciona el alimento a las microalgas, a carbon source supply unit (41) that provides the food to the microalgae,
- --
- un biorreactor primario (42), en el cual se cultivan inicialmente las microalgas, las cuales son alimentadas mediante la fuente de carbono procedente de la unidad de suministro (41), siendo dichas microalgas posteriormente introducidas en los biorreactores secundarios, a primary bioreactor (42), in which the microalgae are initially grown, which are fed by the carbon source from the supply unit (41), said microalgae being subsequently introduced into the secondary bioreactors,
- --
- una unidad de separación (43), que separa las microalgas sólidas, y que dispone de medios de filtración para separar la materia sólida de la líquida procedente de las microalgas, a separation unit (43), which separates the solid microalgae, and which has filtration means to separate the solid matter from the liquid from the microalgae,
- --
- una unidad de acondicionamiento (44), adaptada para controlar y ajustar diferentes variables de la materia líquida procedente de la unidad de separación (43), para que dicha materia líquida pueda servir de inoculo del biorreactor primario (42), a conditioning unit (44), adapted to control and adjust different variables of the liquid matter from the separation unit (43), so that said liquid matter can serve as inoculum of the primary bioreactor (42),
- --
- una unidad de aprovechamiento (45) que vincula la unidad de separación (43) y la unidad de acondicionamiento a harvesting unit (45) that links the separation unit (43) and the conditioning unit
- --
- una unidad de control que controla y automatiza la circulación de fluidos. a control unit that controls and automates the flow of fluids.
- --
- CO2, CO2,
- --
- gas de chimenea, y chimney gas, and
- --
- una disolución de bicarbonato generada en un absorbedor de CO2 a partir de una disolución de carbonato de sodio bombeada en dicho absorbedor mediante un proceso automatizado. a bicarbonate solution generated in a CO2 absorber from a sodium carbonate solution pumped into said absorber by an automated process.
- --
- decantación, decanting,
- --
- floculación, y fl oculation, and
- --
- centrifugación. centrifugation
- 10. 10.
- Sistema integral de aprovechamiento energético de acuerdo con una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 4 ó 7 caracterizado porque la unidad de aprovechamiento (45) comprende una unidad de tratamiento (46), en la cual se realizan una serie de operaciones con el fin de obtener la mayor cantidad posible de productos útiles (proteínas, lípidos, celulosa, o similares) a partir de la materia sólida de las microalgas. Integral system of energy use according to any one of claims 4 or 7 characterized in that the unit of utilization (45) comprises a treatment unit (46), in which a series of operations are carried out in order to obtain the greatest Possible amount of useful products (proteins, lipids, cellulose, or the like) from the solid matter of the microalgae.
- 11. eleven.
- Sistema integral de aprovechamiento energético de acuerdo con reivindicación 10 caracterizado porque la unidad de aprovechamiento (45) comprende adicionalmente: Integral system of energy use according to claim 10 characterized in that the unit of utilization (45) additionally comprises:
- --
- una caldera (47), adaptada para quemar los residuos de las microalgas no aprovechados en la unidad de tratamiento (46), o las microalgas en sí, cuyos gases de combustión son conducidos hasta la unidad de suministro a boiler (47), adapted to burn the residues of the microalgae not used in the treatment unit (46), or the microalgae itself, whose combustion gases are conducted to the supply unit
- --
- un generador secundario (48) para la producción de electricidad a partir de la combustión de microalgas. a secondary generator (48) for the production of electricity from the combustion of microalgae.
- Categoría Category
- Documentos citados Reivindicaciones afectadas Documents cited Claims Affected
- X X
- WO 2005008065 A1 (MORPH PTY LTD) 27.01.2005, 5-12 WO 2005008065 A1 (MORPH PTY LTD) 27.01.2005, 5-12
- página 3, párrafos [04],[07]; página 4, párrafos [01],[03]: página 6, párrafos [05],[06]; página 9, page 3, paragraphs [04], [07]; page 4, paragraphs [01], [03]: page 6, paragraphs [05], [06]; page 9,
- párrafo [14]; página 13, párrafo [02]; página 18, párrafo [02]; página 23, párrafo [07]; página 24, paragraph [14]; page 13, paragraph [02]; page 18, paragraph [02]; page 23, paragraph [07]; page 24,
- párrafo [01]; figuras 3,11. paragraph [01]; Figures 3.11.
- A TO
- 1 one
- A TO
- WO 2008142459 A2 (DERMITZAKIS EMMANUIL et al.) 27.11.2008, 1,12 WO 2008142459 A2 (DERMITZAKIS EMMANUIL et al.) 27.11.2008, 1.12
- página 1, líneas 16-24; página 4, líneas 9-30; figura 1. page 1, lines 16-24; page 4, lines 9-30; Figure 1.
- A TO
- EP 0462306 A1 (IST ENERGIETECHNIK GMBH) 27.12.1991, 1,4,5,10 EP 0462306 A1 (IST ENERGIETECHNIK GMBH) 27.12.1991, 1,4,5,10
- columna 2, línea 40 – columna 3, línea 8; columna 3, líneas 14-15; columna 4, líneas 46-51; column 2, line 40 - column 3, line 8; column 3, lines 14-15; column 4, lines 46-51;
- página 6, líneas 22-24; figuras 1,2. page 6, lines 22-24; figures 1,2.
- A TO
- WO 2007025344 A1 (HYDROTOWER PTY LTD) 08.03.2007, 1,12 WO 2007025344 A1 (HYDROTOWER PTY LTD) 08.03.2007, 1.12
- página 1, líneas 4-6, 21-28; página 6, líneas 18-22; página 8, líneas 17-21,26-28; figuras 1-3,5. page 1, lines 4-6, 21-28; page 6, lines 18-22; page 8, lines 17-21,26-28; Figures 1-3.5.
- A TO
- DE 3409977 A1 (MUELLER WALTER) 26.09.1985, DE 3409977 A1 (MUELLER WALTER) 26.09.1985,
- página 4, líneas 1-6,21-27; página 5, líneas 15-22; páginas 6, líneas 10-12,17-18; página 7, page 4, lines 1-6,21-27; page 5, lines 15-22; pages 6, lines 10-12.17-18; page 7,
- 1,12 1.12
- líneas 10-12; página 8, líneas 19-21; figura 1. lines 10-12; page 8, lines 19-21; Figure 1.
- A TO
- WO 2005103581 A1 (MSC POWER S PTE LTD) 03.11.2005, 1,2 WO 2005103581 A1 (MSC POWER S PTE LTD) 03.11.2005, 1.2
- página 1, líneas 7-10; página 12, líneas 30-32; página 13, líneas 5-7; página 14, líneas 5-24; page 1, lines 7-10; page 12, lines 30-32; page 13, lines 5-7; page 14, lines 5-24;
- página 15, líneas 26-28; página 16, líneas 11-12; página 20, líneas 22-24; página 20, page 15, lines 26-28; page 16, lines 11-12; page 20, lines 22-24; page 20,
- línea 34 – página 21, línea 2; página 21, líneas 14-16; figuras 1,3A. line 34 - page 21, line 2; page 21, lines 14-16; Figures 1.3A.
- A TO
- GB 2261705 A (STRATFORD BRIAN STAPLETON) 26.05.1993, 1 GB 2261705 A (STRATFORD BRIAN STAPLETON) 26.05.1993, one
- página 1, párrafos [01],[04]; página 2, párrafo [02]; página 3, párrafo [02]; página 4, page 1, paragraphs [01], [04]; page 2, paragraph [02]; page 3, paragraph [02]; page 4,
- párrafos [04],[06]; página 5, párrafos [01],[02]; figuras. paragraphs [04], [06]; page 5, paragraphs [01], [02]; figures.
- A TO
- ES 8102061 A1 (AZNAR BONEL FEDERICO et al.) 01.04.1981, 1 EN 8102061 A1 (AZNAR BONEL FEDERICO et al.) 01.04.1981, one
- página 1, líneas 1-6; página 2, líneas 2-11,18-25; página 4, línea 12 – página 5, línea 18; figuras. page 1, lines 1-6; page 2, lines 2-11,18-25; page 4, line 12 - page 5, line 18; figures.
- A TO
- US 4651468 A (MARTINEZ EGMONT U et al.) 24.03.1987, 3 US 4651468 A (MARTINEZ EGMONT U et al.) 24.03.1987, 3
- columna 5, líneas 54-58; columna 10, líneas 23-28; figuras 15,16. column 5, lines 54-58; column 10, lines 23-28; Figures 15.16.
- Categoría de los documentos citados X: de particular relevancia Y: de particular relevancia combinado con otro/s de la misma categoría A: refleja el estado de la técnica O: referido a divulgación no escrita P: publicado entre la fecha de prioridad y la de presentación de la solicitud E: documento anterior, pero publicado después de la fecha de presentación de la solicitud Category of the documents cited X: of particular relevance Y: of particular relevance combined with other / s of the same category A: reflects the state of the art O: refers to unwritten disclosure P: published between the priority date and the date of priority submission of the application E: previous document, but published after the date of submission of the application
- El presente informe ha sido realizado • para todas las reivindicaciones • para las reivindicaciones nº: This report has been prepared • for all claims • for claims no:
- Fecha de realización del informe 02.12.2011 Date of realization of the report 02.12.2011
- Examinador A. Rodríguez Cogolludo Página 1/4 Examiner A. Rodríguez Cogolludo Page 1/4
- Novedad (Art. 6.1 LP 11/1986) Novelty (Art. 6.1 LP 11/1986)
- Reivindicaciones Reivindicaciones 1-12 SI NO Claims Claims 1-12 IF NOT
- Actividad inventiva (Art. 8.1 LP11/1986) Inventive activity (Art. 8.1 LP11 / 1986)
- Reivindicaciones Reivindicaciones 1-4 5-12 SI NO Claims Claims 1-4 5-12 IF NOT
- Documento Document
- Número Publicación o Identificación Fecha Publicación Publication or Identification Number publication date
- D01 D01
- WO 2005008065 A1 (MORPH PTY LTD) 27.01.2005 WO 2005008065 A1 (MORPH PTY LTD) 01/27/2005
- D02 D02
- WO 2008142459 A2 (DERMITZAKIS EMMANUIL et al.) 27.11.2008 WO 2008142459 A2 (DERMITZAKIS EMMANUIL et al.) 11/27/2008
- D03 D03
- WO 2007025344 A1 (HYDROTOWER PTY LTD) 08.03.2007 WO 2007025344 A1 (HYDROTOWER PTY LTD) 03.03.2007
- D04 D04
- DE 3409977 A1 (MUELLER WALTER) 26.09.1985 DE 3409977 A1 (MUELLER WALTER) 26.09.1985
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| ES201030210A ES2371826B1 (en) | 2010-02-15 | 2010-02-15 | INTEGRAL ENERGY USE SYSTEM. |
| PCT/ES2011/000033 WO2011098642A1 (en) | 2010-02-15 | 2011-02-15 | Integrated energy harnessing system |
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|---|---|---|---|
| ES201030210A ES2371826B1 (en) | 2010-02-15 | 2010-02-15 | INTEGRAL ENERGY USE SYSTEM. |
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| ES2371826B1 true ES2371826B1 (en) | 2012-09-14 |
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| ES201030210A Active ES2371826B1 (en) | 2010-02-15 | 2010-02-15 | INTEGRAL ENERGY USE SYSTEM. |
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| WO (1) | WO2011098642A1 (en) |
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| DE102012010760A1 (en) | 2012-05-31 | 2013-12-05 | Wolffkran Holding Ag | Electrohydraulic device with three-phase asynchronous motor for adjusting a boom |
| CN103711647B (en) * | 2013-12-27 | 2016-08-17 | 袁志贤 | A kind of TRT utilizing road as cumulative carrier |
| US9097241B1 (en) | 2014-10-02 | 2015-08-04 | Hollick Solar Systems Limited | Transpired solar collector chimney tower |
| CN105888993A (en) * | 2016-04-12 | 2016-08-24 | 殷翠萍 | Solar chimney power generation system |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ES492662A0 (en) * | 1980-06-20 | 1980-12-16 | Aznar Bonel Federico | INSTALLATION FOR OBTAINING DESALINATED WATER FROM SEA WATER |
| US4651468A (en) * | 1984-03-19 | 1987-03-24 | Systemic Nutrigation Concepts | Method and apparatus for natural fertilization and irrigation of plants |
| DE3409977A1 (en) * | 1984-03-19 | 1985-09-26 | Walter 2000 Hamburg Müller | Solar seawater desalting plant |
| EP0462306A1 (en) * | 1990-06-21 | 1991-12-27 | IST ENERGIETECHNIK GmbH | Method and apparatus for water demineralisation by solar energy in a closed loop air system |
| GB2261705B (en) * | 1991-11-21 | 1995-07-26 | Brian Stapleton Stratford | Buoyant ducts and the supply of solar power and fresh water |
| WO2005008065A1 (en) * | 2003-07-21 | 2005-01-27 | Morph Pty Ltd | Power generation from solar and waste heat |
| WO2005103581A1 (en) * | 2004-04-23 | 2005-11-03 | Msc Power (S) Pte Ltd | Structure and methods using multi-systems for electricity generation and water desalination |
| US20080314058A1 (en) * | 2005-09-01 | 2008-12-25 | Hydrotower Pty Limited | Solar Atmospheric Water Harvester |
| GR1005806B (en) * | 2007-05-17 | 2008-02-05 | Εμμανουηλ Αριστειδη Δερμιτζακης | Composite solar tower-chimney |
-
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- 2010-02-15 ES ES201030210A patent/ES2371826B1/en active Active
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| WO2011098642A1 (en) | 2011-08-18 |
| ES2371826A1 (en) | 2012-01-10 |
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