ES2369684A1 - Process for the conversion of glycerin in synthesis gas. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) - Google Patents
Process for the conversion of glycerin in synthesis gas. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) Download PDFInfo
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- ES2369684A1 ES2369684A1 ES201000055A ES201000055A ES2369684A1 ES 2369684 A1 ES2369684 A1 ES 2369684A1 ES 201000055 A ES201000055 A ES 201000055A ES 201000055 A ES201000055 A ES 201000055A ES 2369684 A1 ES2369684 A1 ES 2369684A1
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- glycerin
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/22—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of gaseous or liquid organic compounds
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/133—Renewable energy sources, e.g. sunlight
Abstract
Description
Proceso para la conversión de glicerina en gas de síntesis.Process for the conversion of glycerin into gas of synthesis
La presente invención se refiere a la conversión de la glicerina, también llamada glicerol, en gas de síntesis. El biodiesel, elaborado a partir de aceites vegetales, tiene la consideración de energía renovable, por lo que los subproductos que proceden de su producción también tienen la consideración de energía renovable. La producción del biodiesel como fuente energética, supone la producción masiva de glicerina como subproducto. Cantidades masivas de glicerina deben ser procesadas para generar un producto útil para que la producción del biodiesel sea medioambientalmente aceptable.The present invention relates to conversion of glycerin, also called glycerol, in synthesis gas. He Biodiesel, made from vegetable oils, has the consideration of renewable energy, so the by-products that they come from their production are also considered energy renewable. The production of biodiesel as an energy source, It involves the mass production of glycerin as a byproduct. Massive amounts of glycerin must be processed to generate a useful product for biodiesel production to be environmentally acceptable.
El presente proceso debemos encuadrarlo en sector de las energías renovables, por el aprovechamiento energético de un subproducto del biodiesel, como es la glicerina y supone un avance cualitativo en los procesos conocidos hasta ahora, dado que permite convertir la glicerina, que es un subproducto que tiene la consideración de residuo, en gas de síntesis, que, de esta manera, es una fuente renovable de energía de máximo interés. El gas de síntesis que esta compuesto de hidrógeno -H_{2}- y monóxido de carbono -CO-, permite su combustión directa con oxígeno -O_{2}-, para obtener energía, que en este proceso, tiene la consideración de renovable.The present process must be framed in renewable energy sector, for energy use of a byproduct of biodiesel, such as glycerin and involves a qualitative progress in the processes known so far, since allows to convert glycerin, which is a byproduct that has the consideration of waste, in synthesis gas, which, in this way, It is a renewable source of energy of maximum interest. Gas synthesis that is composed of hydrogen -H2- and monoxide of carbon -CO-, allows direct combustion with oxygen -O2 -, to obtain energy, which in this process is considered as renewable.
En efecto, se han buscado soluciones tecnológicas para reciclar la glicerina obtenida a partir del biodiesel, así como nuevas aplicaciones en el mercado a los efectos de consumir la producción masiva de glicerina. Por una parte, se ha buscado la incineración directa de la glicerina en un horno, como fuente de energía para producir energía eléctrica, pero este proceso tiene el inconveniente, que cuando se combustiona la glicerina directamente, se produce acroleína, que es un gas altamente toxico. Otra de las alternativas, es la utilización de la glicerina en la alimentación animal, especialmente en los pollos, con resultados positivos. El sistema actual mas preconizado es la conversión de la glicerina en metanol -CH_{3}OH-, cuyo objetivo es volver a reciclar la glicerina en metanol -CH_{3}OH-, que es un producto necesario para la fabricación del biodiesel, lo cual supone abaratar la producción de biodiesel, al reciclar su subproducto, que es la glicerina.Indeed, solutions have been sought technology to recycle glycerin obtained from biodiesel, as well as new applications in the market for this purpose of consuming the mass production of glycerin. On the one hand, it has looked for the direct incineration of glycerin in an oven, as power source to produce electrical energy, but this process It has the drawback, that when glycerin is combusted directly, acrolein is produced, which is a highly toxic gas. Another alternative is the use of glycerin in the animal feed, especially in chickens, with results positive. The most recommended current system is the conversion of the glycerin in methanol -CH3OH-, whose objective is to return to recycle glycerin in methanol -CH3OH-, which is a product necessary for the manufacture of biodiesel, which means cheaper Biodiesel production, by recycling its byproduct, which is the glycerin.
En un horno de gas, con un quemador, calentamos la glicerina en un depósito ó tanque de reacción, a una temperatura superior a doscientos noventa grados centígrados. La energía necesaria para alcanzar dicha temperatura, la obtenemos mediante la combustión de gas de síntesis con oxígeno -O_{2}- del aire, que producirá dióxido de carbono -CO_{2}- y agua -H_{2}O-.In a gas oven, with a burner, we heat glycerin in a tank or reaction tank, at a temperature higher than two hundred and ninety degrees Celsius. Energy necessary to reach this temperature, we obtain it through the combustion of synthesis gas with oxygen -O2 - from the air, which will produce carbon dioxide -CO2- and water -H2O-.
Dentro del depósito introduciremos como catalizadores oro -Au- y platino -Pt-, sobre una base de cobre -Cu-, además de pequeñas proporciones de óxido de cinc -ZnO- y óxido de aluminio -Al_{2}O_{3}-, para favorecer la reacción. La glicerina hierve a una temperatura de doscientos noventa grados centígrados, por lo que la separación de sus productos gaseosos es sencilla y al realizarse el proceso en continuo, su rendimiento es del cien por cien.Inside the deposit we will introduce as gold catalysts -Au- and platinum -Pt-, on a copper base -Cu-, in addition to small proportions of zinc oxide -ZnO- and oxide of aluminum -Al 2 O 3 -, to favor the reaction. Glycerin boils at a temperature of two hundred and ninety degrees Celsius, so the separation of its gaseous products is simple and at be carried out continuously, its performance is one hundred percent one hundred.
De acuerdo con la siguiente reacción:According to the following reaction:
CH_{2}OH-CHOH-CH_{2}OH- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -3CO+4H_{2}CH 2 OH-CHOH-CH 2 OH- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -3CO + 4H2
se produce el gas de síntesis en la proporción de tres moles de monóxido de carbono -CO- a cuatro moles de hidrógeno -H_{2}-, por cada uno de los moles de glicerina empleados en el proceso. El gas de síntesis obtenido, se transporta a otro depósito para su almacenamiento, destinando una parte del mismo, al horno de gas, para la producción del calor necesario para alcanzar la temperatura de doscientos noventa grados centígrados de la glicerina.synthesis gas is produced in the ratio of three moles of carbon monoxide -CO- to four moles of hydrogen -H2 -, for each of the moles of glycerin employees in the process. The synthesis gas obtained is transported to another warehouse for storage, allocating a part of the same, to the gas oven, for the production of the heat necessary for reach the temperature of two hundred and ninety degrees Celsius of the glycerin.
Para la mejor comprensión de cuanto queda descrito en la presente memoria, se acompaña Figura nº 1, en la que se representa:For the best understanding of how much is left described herein, is attached Figure No. 1, in which It is shown:
El horno de gas de síntesis con el quemador (1). (2), es el depósito ó tanque de reacción. (3), es el depósito ó tanque de almacenamiento del gas de síntesis. (4), es la tubería que conduce parte del gas de síntesis producido al quemador del horno de gas.The synthesis gas oven with the burner (1). (2), is the tank or reaction tank. (3), is the deposit or Synthesis gas storage tank. (4), is the pipe that conducts part of the synthesis gas produced to the furnace burner of gas.
El proceso de la conversión de la glicerina en gas de síntesis, consta de un horno de gas, con un quemador, para combustionar el gas de síntesis con el oxígeno -O_{2}- del aire y producir energía calorífica (1). Dicha energía calorífica se utiliza para calentar el depósito ó tanque de reacción, donde se ha introducido la glicerina, hasta una temperatura de doscientos noventa grados centígrados. En dicho depósito, se introducen como catalizadores, platino -Pt-, sobre una base de cobre -Cu-, óxido de cinc -ZnO- y óxido de aluminio -Al_{2}O_{3}-, para favorecer la reacción (2). El gas de síntesis producido por la descomposición de la glicerina, lo transportamos a otro depósito para su almacenamiento (3) utilizando parte del mismo gas de síntesis como combustible, para lo que lo conducimos mediante una tubería de transporte (4) al quemador del horno de gas.The process of converting glycerin into Synthesis gas, consists of a gas oven, with a burner, for combustion of the synthesis gas with the oxygen -O2 of the air and produce heat energy (1). Said heat energy is used to heat the tank or reaction tank, where it has been introduced glycerin, up to a temperature of two hundred Ninety degrees Celsius. In that deposit, they are entered as catalysts, platinum -Pt-, on a copper base -Cu-, oxide zinc -ZnO- and aluminum oxide -A2 O3 -, to favor the reaction (2). The synthesis gas produced by the decomposition of the glycerin, we transport it to another tank for storage (3) using part of the same synthesis gas as fuel, for which we drive it through a pipeline transport (4) to the gas oven burner.
La característica esencial de la conversión de la glicerina en gas de síntesis, es la utilización del oro -Au- y el platino -Pt-, sobre una base de cobre -Cu- como catalizadores, con una mínima adición de óxido de cinc -ZnO- y óxido de aluminio -Al_{2}O_{3}-. La combinación de los metales nobles del oro -Au- y el platino -Pt- sobre una base de cobre -Cu-, es una condición esencial para favorecer la conversión de la glicerina en gas de síntesis, porque permite disminuir la temperatura de descomposición con el ahorro energético que ello supone. Otra característica destacable es la utilización del gas de síntesis como combustible para la descomposición de la glicerina, lo cual permite una mayor eficiencia energética en el proceso, dado que no necesita aporte energético externo alguno. También es destacable que el dióxido de carbono -CO_{2}- emitido por la combustión del gas de síntesis para la conversión de la glicerina en gas de síntesis, es neutro, porque procede de una energía renovable como es la glicerina como subproducto del biodiesel.The essential characteristic of the conversion of Glycerin in synthesis gas is the use of gold -Au- and the platinum -Pt-, on a copper base -Cu- as catalysts, with minimal addition of zinc oxide -ZnO- and aluminum oxide -Al_ {2} O_ {3} -. The combination of noble metals of gold -Au- and platinum -Pt- on a copper base -Cu-, is a condition essential to promote the conversion of glycerin into gas synthesis, because it allows to decrease the decomposition temperature with the energy savings that this implies. Another feature Notable is the use of synthesis gas as fuel for the decomposition of glycerin, which allows greater energy efficiency in the process, since it does not need input external energy some. It is also noteworthy that the dioxide of carbon -CO2 - emitted by the combustion of synthesis gas for the conversion of glycerin into synthesis gas, it is neutral, because it comes from a renewable energy such as glycerin as biodiesel byproduct.
De todo lo descrito y por las observaciones de los dibujos se desprende las ventajas que presenta el proceso respecto a otras realizaciones precedentes.Of everything described and by the observations of The drawings show the advantages of the process with respect to other preceding embodiments.
En primer lugar hay que destacar la eficiencia energética del proceso, que no consume energía adicional, sino que se alimenta del gas de síntesis obtenido en el mismo.First of all, efficiency must be emphasized energy of the process, which does not consume additional energy, but It feeds on the synthesis gas obtained therein.
Asimismo, a partir de los catalizadores utilizados en el proceso se consigue disminuir la temperatura necesaria para la descomposición térmica de la glicerina, lo que supone un ahorro energético y una mayor eficiencia energética del proceso.Also, from the catalysts used in the process the temperature is reduced necessary for thermal decomposition of glycerin, which it means energy savings and greater energy efficiency of process.
Serán independientes del objeto de la invención, los materiales empleados, las dimensiones y los detalles accesorios siempre que no afecten a su esencialidad.They will be independent of the object of the invention, the materials used, the dimensions and the accessory details provided they do not affect their essentiality.
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Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO2003045841A1 (en) * | 2001-11-29 | 2003-06-05 | Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | Low-temperature hydrogen production from oxygenated hydrocarbons |
WO2007112314A2 (en) * | 2006-03-24 | 2007-10-04 | Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | Method for producing bio-fuel that integrates heat from carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions to drive biomass gasification reactions |
US20090127512A1 (en) * | 2007-11-21 | 2009-05-21 | Eni S.P.A. | Enhanced process for the production of synthesis gas starting from oxygenated compounds deriving from biomasses |
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Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO2003045841A1 (en) * | 2001-11-29 | 2003-06-05 | Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | Low-temperature hydrogen production from oxygenated hydrocarbons |
WO2007112314A2 (en) * | 2006-03-24 | 2007-10-04 | Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | Method for producing bio-fuel that integrates heat from carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions to drive biomass gasification reactions |
US20090127512A1 (en) * | 2007-11-21 | 2009-05-21 | Eni S.P.A. | Enhanced process for the production of synthesis gas starting from oxygenated compounds deriving from biomasses |
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