ES2358250A1 - Desalination of sea water by sequential precipitation of marine salts, without energy consumption and reuse of reagents. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) - Google Patents
Desalination of sea water by sequential precipitation of marine salts, without energy consumption and reuse of reagents. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) Download PDFInfo
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- ES2358250A1 ES2358250A1 ES200902085A ES200902085A ES2358250A1 ES 2358250 A1 ES2358250 A1 ES 2358250A1 ES 200902085 A ES200902085 A ES 200902085A ES 200902085 A ES200902085 A ES 200902085A ES 2358250 A1 ES2358250 A1 ES 2358250A1
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- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 title abstract 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- NKWPZUCBCARRDP-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].OC([O-])=O.OC([O-])=O NKWPZUCBCARRDP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910000020 calcium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 41
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 32
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 31
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 229960004424 carbon dioxide Drugs 0.000 claims description 27
- 235000011089 carbon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 235000011148 calcium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 18
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910017917 NH4 Cl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- -1 chlorine ions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 4
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 description 3
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000069 nitrogen hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012047 saturated solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 208000004434 Calcinosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000009508 confectionery Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/62—Carbon oxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01D—COMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM
- C01D7/00—Carbonates of sodium, potassium or alkali metals in general
- C01D7/18—Preparation by the ammonia-soda process
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Removal Of Specific Substances (AREA)
- Compounds Of Alkaline-Earth Elements, Aluminum Or Rare-Earth Metals (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Desalinización del agua del mar por precipitación secuencial de las sales marinas, sin consumo energético y reutilizando los reactivos.Desalination of seawater by sequential precipitation of sea salts, without consumption energy and reusing reagents.
La presente invención se refiere a la desalinización del agua del mar, mediante un proceso de precipitación de las sales marinas que están disueltas en el agua del mar, en diferentes fases ó secuencias, para la obtención de agua dulce, recuperando los reactivos empleados en el proceso y sin coste energético.The present invention relates to the desalination of seawater, through a process of precipitation of sea salts that are dissolved in water from the sea, in different phases or sequences, to obtain water sweet, recovering the reagents used in the process and without cost energetic.
El presente proceso supone un avance cualitativo en los procesos conocidos hasta ahora, cuyas mejoras afectan al ahorro energético y la contaminación medioambiental.This process is a qualitative advance in the processes known so far, whose improvements affect the energy saving and environmental pollution.
La obtención de agua dulce, para el consumo humano y para uso agrícola, es una prioridad a nivel científico, para evitar que la falta de recursos hídricos derive en conflictos entre comunidades y países. Son conocidos los numerosos procesos tecnológicos que han buscado la desalación de agua del mar como fuente natural para la obtención de agua dulce, existiendo en la actualidad procesos de desalación por ósmosis inversa y procesos de evaporación y destilación que tienen por objetivo la desalación. Los costes de inversión, los costes energéticos desalación. Los costes energéticos de dichos sistemas y el coste económico del agua dulce que se pone a disposición de los agricultores y usuarios, hacen que dichos sistemas de desalación, no se hayan aplicado de forma generalizada, especialmente en sociedades con pocos recursos económicos que son, quizás, los que más necesitan los recursos hídricos para su desarrollo.Obtaining fresh water for consumption human and for agricultural use, it is a priority at the scientific level, to prevent the lack of water resources resulting in conflicts between communities and countries. The numerous processes are known technology that have sought desalination of seawater as natural source for obtaining fresh water, existing in the current processes of desalination by reverse osmosis and processes of evaporation and distillation that aim at desalination. The investment costs, energy costs desalination. The costs energy of these systems and the economic cost of fresh water which is made available to farmers and users, make these desalination systems have not been applied in a manner widespread, especially in societies with few resources economic that are, perhaps, those that most need the resources water for its development.
Asimismo hemos de destacar que la tecnología actual más extendida en la desalación del agua del mar, es la ósmosis inversa, cuyo proceso supone un alto coste energético y produce una importante contaminación con la salmuera de rechazo, que al ser vertida al mar, incrementa la salinidad marina.We must also highlight that the technology current most widespread in desalination of seawater, is the reverse osmosis, whose process involves a high energy cost and produces significant contamination with rejection brine, which when poured into the sea, increases marine salinity.
Para evitar los inconvenientes de estas tecnologías, el titular de la presente invención, ha desarrollado un proceso de desalación del agua del mar, que no necesita energía para la obtención del agua dulce, partiendo de un proceso físico químico, que elimina los iones de las sales marinas, mediante una precipitación secuencial, lo que permite abaratar los costes del agua dulce obtenida. No produce salmuera de rechazo, y se eliminan los iones disueltos en el agua del mar, reconvirtiéndolos en sal común. Estas características, son el objeto de la presente invención.To avoid the inconvenience of these technologies, the owner of the present invention, has developed a desalination process of seawater, which does not need energy to obtaining fresh water, based on a chemical physical process, which removes ions from sea salts, by means of a sequential precipitation, which allows to reduce the costs of fresh water obtained. It does not produce rejection brine, and they are removed the ions dissolved in seawater, turning them into salt common. These characteristics are the object of this invention.
En una torre de platos ó depósito de reacción, introducimos el agua del mar, que previamente hemos filtrado. En la torre de platos ó depósito de reacción, añadimos anhídrido carbónico (CO_{2}) y amoniaco (NH_{3}), ambos en forma de gas. El CO_{2} se diluye en el agua formando el ion bicarbonato (HCO_{3}^{-}) y el amoniaco (NH_{3}) al diluirse forma el ion amonio (NH_{4}^{+}). La reacción con los iones disueltos que contiene el agua de mar, y que son el cloro, sodio, calcio y magnesio, principalmente, reaccionan con el ion bicarbonato HCO_{3}^{-} y amonio NH_{4}^{+}, para la formar cloruro amónico (NH_{4}Cl), bicarbonato sódico (NaHCO_{3}), carbonato cálcico (CaCO_{3}) y carbonato de magnesio (MgCO_{3}). El bicarbonato sódico NaHCO_{3}, el carbonato cálcico CaCO_{3} y el carbonato de magnesio MgCO_{3}, precipitan, quedando solo en disolución el cloruro amónico NH_{4}Cl. El bicarbonato sódico NaHCO_{3}, el carbonato cálcico CaCl_{2} y el carbonato de magnesio MgCO_{3}, precipitados se retiran de la torre de platos.In a dish tower or reaction tank, We introduce seawater, which we have previously filtered. In the dish tower or reaction tank, we add carbon dioxide (CO 2) and ammonia (NH 3), both in the form of gas. The CO2 it is diluted in water forming the bicarbonate ion (HCO 3 -) and Ammonia (NH3) when diluted forms the ammonium ion (NH4 +). The reaction with the dissolved ions it contains seawater, and which are chlorine, sodium, calcium and magnesium, mainly, they react with the bicarbonate ion HCO 3 - and ammonium NH 4 +, to form ammonium chloride (NH 4 Cl), sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and magnesium carbonate (MgCO3). Sodium bicarbonate NaHCO 3, calcium carbonate CaCO 3 and carbonate MgCO3 magnesium precipitate, leaving only the solution ammonium chloride NH4 Cl. Sodium bicarbonate NaHCO3, the calcium carbonate CaCl2 and magnesium carbonate MgCO3, precipitates are removed from the tower of dishes.
Después de esta primera secuencia de precipitación, solo queda disuelto en el agua el cloruro amónico NH_{4}Cl, que lo pasamos a otro depósito de reacción.After this first sequence of precipitation, only the ammonium chloride is dissolved in the water NH4 Cl, which we passed to another reaction tank.
En este segundo depósito añadimos a la disolución bicarbonato cálcico Ca(HCO_{3})_{2} en disolución, para que reaccione con el cloruro amónico NH_{4}Cl.In this second deposit we add to the Calcium bicarbonate solution Ca (HCO3) 2 in solution, so that it reacts with ammonium chloride NH4 Cl.
En dicha reacción el ion cloro Cl^{-} reacciona con el ion calcio Ca^{2+}, para formar el cloruro cálcico CaCl_{2} y el amoniaco NH_{3} y el anhídrido carbónico CO_{2}, previa agitación y vacío, se desprenden en forma de gas, que lo recuperamos e introducimos de nuevo en el primer reactor ó torre de platos.In said reaction the chlorine ion Cl - reacts with the calcium ion Ca 2+, to form the chloride calcium CaCl 2 and ammonia NH 3 and carbon dioxide CO 2, after agitation and vacuum, is released in the form of gas, that we recover it and introduce it back into the first reactor or dish tower
El cloruro cálcico CaCl_{2} precipita y se recoge para su reutilización.The calcium chloride CaCl2 precipitates and is collect for reuse.
En esta segunda secuencia de precipitación, el agua del mar, ha quedado libre de los iones cloro Cl^{-}, sodio Na^{+}, calcio Ca^{2+} y magnesio Mg^{2+}, que es la mayor concentración de iones salinos que contiene. Dicha agua dulce, libre de sales, es recogida para su utilización para uso agrícola y para el consumo humano, previa su potabilizacion.In this second precipitation sequence, the sea water, has been free of chlorine ions Cl -, sodium Na +, calcium Ca 2+ and magnesium Mg 2+, which is the largest salt ion concentration it contains. Said fresh water, free of salts, is collected for use for agricultural use and for human consumption, prior to its purification.
Para recuperar el bicarbonato cálcico Ca(HCO_{3})_{2}, como uno de los reactivos que forman parte del proceso, utilizamos dos fases, que tienen lugar en dos depósitos de reacción sucesivos. En un primer depósito, hacemos reaccionar, en disolución acuosa, el cloruro cálcico con el bicarbonato sódico, para formar:To recover calcium bicarbonate Ca (HCO 3) 2, as one of the reagents that they are part of the process, we use two phases, which take place in two successive reaction tanks. In a first deposit, we make react, in aqueous solution, calcium chloride with the baking soda, to form:
CaCl_{2} + 2 NaHCO_{3} - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 NaCl + CO_{2}+ CaCO_{3}CaCl2 + 2 NaHCO 3 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 NaCl + CO 2 + CaCO_ {3}
El anhídrido carbónico (CO_{2}), se desprende en forma de gas y lo recuperamos para el proceso siguiente.Carbonic anhydride (CO2) is released in the form of gas and we recover it for the next process.
\global\parskip0.950000\baselineskip\ global \ parskip0.950000 \ baselineskip
El carbonato cálcico (CaCO_{3}) precipita y es recogido para la siguiente fase y el cloruro sódico (NaCl) que queda en disolución saturada, es retirado del depósito para que mediante evaporación se obtenga sal común.Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) precipitates and is collected for the next phase and the remaining sodium chloride (NaCl) in saturated solution, it is removed from the tank so that by evaporation common salt is obtained.
En un segundo depósito, el anhídrido carbónico (CO_{2}) lo introducimos en disolución acuosa para formar el ión carbónico (HCO_{3}^{-}) y le añadimos el carbonato cálcico (CaCO_{3}) obtenido anteriormente, para conseguir el paso de carbonato cálcico CaCO_{3} a bicarbonato cálcico Ca(HCO_{3})_{2}, que es soluble en el agua, de acuerdo con la reacción:In a second tank, carbon dioxide (CO2) we introduce it in aqueous solution to form the ion carbonic (HCO 3 -) and we add calcium carbonate (CaCO_ {3}) obtained above, to achieve the passage of calcium carbonate CaCO 3 to calcium bicarbonate Ca (HCO 3) 2, which is soluble in water, of according to the reaction:
CaCO_{3}+CO_{2}+H_{2}O - - - - - - - - - - - - - Ca^{2+} + 2 HCO_{3}^{-}CaCO 3 + CO 2 + H 2 O - - - - - - - - - - - - - Ca 2+ + 2 HCO 3 -
Una vez obtenido el bicarbonato cálcico Ca(HCO_{3})_{2} que es soluble en agua, lo introduciremos en el depósito de reacción descrito que solo contiene cloruro amónico (NH_{4}Cl), para que reaccionen de la siguiente forma:Once the calcium bicarbonate is obtained Ca (HCO 3) 2 which is soluble in water, which we will introduce in the described reaction tank that only contains ammonium chloride (NH4Cl), so that they react as follows shape:
Ca(HCO_{3})_{2} + 2 NH_{4}Cl - - - - - - - - - - - Ca Cl_{2}+ 2 CO_{2}+ 2 NH_{3}Ca (HCO 3) 2 + 2 NH4 Cl - - - - - - - - - - - Ca Cl 2 + 2 CO 2 + 2 NH 3
Como ya hemos indicado, el anhídrido carbónico CO_{2} y el amoniaco NH_{3}, mediante agitación y vacío, se recuperan en forma de gas, para la fase inicial del proceso. El cloruro cálcico CaCl_{2} se reutiliza de nuevo para la segunda fase, donde hacemos reaccionar el bicarbonato sódico NaHCO_{3} con el cloruro cálcico CaCl_{2}.As we have already indicated, carbonic anhydride CO2 and NH3 ammonia, by stirring and vacuum, are recovered in the form of gas, for the initial phase of the process. He calcium chloride CaCl2 is reused again for the second phase, where we react the sodium bicarbonate NaHCO 3 with the calcium chloride CaCl2.
El proceso permite la obtención de agua dulce, recuperando el anhídrido carbónico CO_{2}, el amoniaco NH_{3} y bicarbonato cálcico Ca(HCO_{3})_{2} que son los reactivos necesarios para eliminar los iones disueltos en el agua del mar.The process allows obtaining fresh water, recovering carbon dioxide CO 2, ammonia NH 3 and calcium bicarbonate Ca (HCO 3) 2 which are the Reagents needed to remove dissolved ions in water from sea.
En la fig. 1 vemos el desarrollo del proceso. Así (1) vemos como se introduce CO_{2} y NH_{3} en agua de mar, para que reaccionen dando lugar a NH_{4}Cl en disolución y NaHCO_{3} precipitado (2).In fig. 1 we see the development of the process. Thus (1) we see how CO 2 and NH 3 are introduced into seawater, to react giving rise to NH4Cl in solution and Precipitated NaHCO3 (2).
Por filtración pasamos el NH_{4}Cl al siguiente tanque donde reacciona con el bicarbonato cálcico Ca(HCO_{3})_{2} (3) para dar CaCl_{2} precipitado, CO_{2} y amoniaco gas que reinsertaremos en el proceso (4). Y obtenemos agua dulce (5).By filtration we pass the NH4Cl to next tank where it reacts with calcium bicarbonate Ca (HCO 3) 2 (3) to give CaCl 2 precipitate, CO2 and ammonia gas that we will reinsert in the process (4). And we get fresh water (5).
El CaCl_{2} precipitado lo hacemos reaccionar con el NaHCO_{3} (2) en un tanque a parte con la mínima cantidad de agua posible (6), para dar una disolución concentrada de NaCl, CO_{2} gas que reutilizaremos y CaCO_{3} precipitado (7).The precipitated CaCl_2 is reacted with NaHCO_ {3} (2) in a separate tank with the minimum amount of possible water (6), to give a concentrated solution of NaCl, CO2 gas that we will reuse and precipitated CaCO3 (7).
Filtramos y evaporamos para obtener sal común.We filter and evaporate to obtain salt common.
Posteriormente el CaCO_{3} lo haremos reaccionar junto al ión bicarbonato que proviene de la adición de CO_{2} para dar el una disolución bicarbonato cálcico (8) que reinsertaremos en nuestro ciclo (3).Later the CaCO_ {3} we will do it react together with the bicarbonate ion that comes from the addition of CO2 to give a calcium bicarbonate solution (8) that We will reinsert in our cycle (3).
La desalinización del agua del mar por precipitación secuencial de las sales marinas, consta de dos fases procesos sucesivos, con la finalidad de obtener agua dulce y recuperar los reactivos utilizados en el proceso. La primera fase secuencial es la reacción del anhídrido carbónico CO_{2} y el amoniaco NH_{3} ambos en forma de gas, para su reacción con las sales que se hallan disueltas en el agua del mar. (1). El bicarbonato sódico NaHCO_{3}, el carbonato cálcico CaCO_{3} y el carbonato magnesio MgCO_{3}, precipitan. Queda en disolución el cloruro amónico NH_{4}Cl, que se trasfiere a otro deposito de reacción (2). En este depósito se introduce bicarbonato cálcico Ca(HCO_{3})_{2}, en disolución (3), para que reaccione formándose cloruro cálcico NH_{4}Cl, que precipita y desprendiéndose el anhídrido carbónico CO_{2} y el amoniaco NH_{3} en forma de gas (4). El agua que está en la disolución, esta libre de iones y en consecuencia, es agua dulce, disponible para el riego ó previa potabilizacion, para el consumo humano. Es trasladada a un depósito para su almacenamiento. (5).Desalination of seawater by sequential precipitation of sea salts, consists of two phases successive processes, in order to obtain fresh water and recover the reagents used in the process. The first phase sequential is the reaction of carbon dioxide CO2 and the NH3 ammonia both in gas form, for reaction with salts that are dissolved in seawater. (one). He sodium bicarbonate NaHCO 3, calcium carbonate CaCO 3 and the MgCO3 magnesium carbonate, precipitate. The solution remains NH4Cl ammonium chloride, which is transferred to another deposit of reaction (2). In this deposit calcium bicarbonate is introduced Ca (HCO 3) 2, in solution (3), so that react forming calcium chloride NH4Cl, which precipitates and releasing carbon dioxide CO2 and ammonia NH 3 in the form of gas (4). The water that is in the solution, it is free of ions and consequently, it is fresh water, available for irrigation or prior purification, for human consumption. Is transferred to a warehouse for storage. (5).
La segunda fase, consiste en la recuperación del reactivo empleado en la desalinización que es el bicarbonato cálcico Ca(HCO_{3})_{2}. El anhídrido carbónico CO_{2} y amoniaco NH_{3}, ya se ha recuperado en la fase anterior en forma de NH_{3}, ya se ha recuperado en la fase anterior en forma de gas.The second phase consists in the recovery of reagent used in desalination which is calcium bicarbonate Ca (HCO 3) 2. Carbon dioxide anhydride CO 2 and NH3 ammonia, has already been recovered in the previous phase in the form of NH3, has already been recovered in the previous phase in the form of gas.
Para ello, en otro deposito de reacción, (6) introducimos el bicarbonato sódico NaHCO_{3} y el cloruro cálcico CaCl_{2}, obtenidos como productos resultantes en el primer proceso (4 y 2). La reacción del bicarbonato sódico NaHCO_{3} con el cloruro cálcico CaCl_{2}, produce cloruro sódico NaCl y carbonato cálcico CaCO_{3}) desprendiéndose anhídrido carbónico CO_{2} en forma de gas. Dicha reacción se realiza en disolución concentrada, para favorecer la reacción. El carbonato cálcico CaCO_{3}, precipita y el cloruro sódico NaCl queda en la disolución saturada, que recogemos (7), mediante centrifugación, para que por evaporación cristalice como sal común.To do this, in another reaction tank, (6) we introduce the sodium bicarbonate NaHCO3 and calcium chloride CaCl2, obtained as resulting products in the first process (4 and 2). The reaction of sodium bicarbonate NaHCO3 with CaCl2 calcium chloride produces NaCl sodium chloride and calcium carbonate CaCO 3) releasing carbonic anhydride CO2 in the form of gas. Said reaction is carried out in solution. concentrated, to favor the reaction. Calcium carbonate CaCO 3 precipitates and NaCl sodium chloride remains in the saturated solution, which we collect (7), by centrifugation, so that by evaporation it crystallizes as common salt.
El carbonato cálcico CaCO_{3} lo introducimos en otro depósito de reacción en disolución acuosa e introducimos el anhídrido carbónico CO_{2} obtenido en la reacción anterior (8). El carbonato cálcico CaCO_{3}, al reaccionar con el ion bicarbonato HCO_{3}^{-}, producido al disolverse el anhídrido carbónico CO_{2} en el agua, se transforma en bicarbonato cálcico que es soluble en agua.We introduce calcium carbonate CaCO 3 in another reaction tank in aqueous solution and we introduce the CO2 carbonic anhydride obtained in the previous reaction (8). CaCO 3 calcium carbonate, reacting with the ion bicarbonate HCO 3 -, produced upon dissolution of the anhydride carbonic CO2 in water, it becomes calcium bicarbonate It is soluble in water.
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El bicarbonato cálcico Ca(HCO_{3})_{2}, así obtenido, se introduce en el depósito de reacción (3), donde se encuentra el cloruro amónico NH_{4}Cl, en disolución, para iniciar de nuevo el proceso.Calcium bicarbonate Ca (HCO 3) 2, thus obtained, is introduced into the reaction tank (3), where ammonium chloride is found NH4Cl, in solution, to start the process again.
Las características fundamentales es que a través de la precipitación secuencial, se eliminen los iones de las sales disueltas, mediante precipitación, quedando el agua libre de sales. El proceso seria inviable, económicamente, si no se reciclaran los elementos que intervienen en el proceso, como el anhídrido carbónico CO_{2}, el bicarbonato cálcico Ca(HCO_{3})_{2} y el amoniaco NH_{3}. Por ello, se reciclan los productos obtenidos en la primera fase, como el bicarbonato sódico NaHCO_{3} y el cloruro cálcico CaCl_{2}, para a partir de ellos, recuperar los reactivos empleados de acuerdo con la descripción ya detallada.The fundamental characteristics is that through sequential precipitation, the ions of the dissolved salts, by precipitation, leaving the water free of you go out. The process would be unfeasible, economically, if not recycle the elements involved in the process, such as CO 2 carbonic anhydride, calcium bicarbonate Ca (HCO 3) 2 and the ammonia NH 3. Thus, products obtained in the first phase are recycled, such as sodium bicarbonate NaHCO 3 and calcium chloride CaCl 2, for from them, recover the reagents used in accordance with The description already detailed.
Las ventajas del sistema son indudables, con respecto a la tecnología actual, porque no se consume energía como el proceso de ósmosis inversa. Se obtiene sal común NaCl como subproducto, que cristaliza por evaporación, para su uso en el mercado, sin contaminar ambientalmente, ni salinizar el mar con la salmuera. No se necesita aporte energético exterior, como en el proceso de destilación ó evaporación, por lo que el coste de producción del metro cúbico de agua dulce es muy inferior con el sistema descrito de precipitación secuencial, que los sistemas actualmente empleados.The advantages of the system are unquestionable, with compared to current technology, because energy is not consumed as the reverse osmosis process. Common salt NaCl is obtained as by-product, which crystallizes by evaporation, for use in the market, without polluting the environment, or salinizing the sea with the brine. No external energy input is needed, as in the distillation or evaporation process, so the cost of production of the cubic meter of fresh water is much lower with the described system of sequential precipitation, which systems currently employed
Serán independientes del objeto de la invención, los materiales empleados en los depósitos de reacción y en los componentes necesarios para el transporte de fluidos entre ellos, así como las formas y dimensiones y detalles accesorios, siempre y cuando no afecten a la esencialidad.They will be independent of the object of the invention, the materials used in the reaction tanks and in the components necessary for the transport of fluids between them, as well as the shapes and dimensions and accessory details, provided and when they do not affect the essentiality.
Claims (2)
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US2180755A (en) * | 1935-09-03 | 1939-11-21 | Michigan Alkali Company | Production of a pure caustic soda in conjunction with the ammonia-so-da process |
US2866681A (en) * | 1955-05-09 | 1958-12-30 | Chemical Construction Corp | Method and apparatus for the production of sodium bicarbonate |
WO2007094691A1 (en) * | 2006-02-17 | 2007-08-23 | Enpro As | Method for handling saline water and carbon dioxide |
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US2180755A (en) * | 1935-09-03 | 1939-11-21 | Michigan Alkali Company | Production of a pure caustic soda in conjunction with the ammonia-so-da process |
US2866681A (en) * | 1955-05-09 | 1958-12-30 | Chemical Construction Corp | Method and apparatus for the production of sodium bicarbonate |
WO2007094691A1 (en) * | 2006-02-17 | 2007-08-23 | Enpro As | Method for handling saline water and carbon dioxide |
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CN109310951A (en) * | 2016-03-25 | 2019-02-05 | 蓝色星球有限公司 | Carbon dioxide (the CO that ammonia mediates2) method of seal and system |
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