ES2347751B1 - ELIMINATION OF INDUSTRIAL CO2 BY FIXING IN SODIUM BICARBONATE. - Google Patents
ELIMINATION OF INDUSTRIAL CO2 BY FIXING IN SODIUM BICARBONATE. Download PDFInfo
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- ES2347751B1 ES2347751B1 ES200900316A ES200900316A ES2347751B1 ES 2347751 B1 ES2347751 B1 ES 2347751B1 ES 200900316 A ES200900316 A ES 200900316A ES 200900316 A ES200900316 A ES 200900316A ES 2347751 B1 ES2347751 B1 ES 2347751B1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/62—Carbon oxides
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
- Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
- Y02C20/40—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2
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Abstract
Eliminación del CO_{2} industrial mediante su fijación en bicarbonato sódico.Elimination of industrial CO2 by its fixation in sodium bicarbonate.
El CO_{2} proveniente de la industrial previa filtración de materia inorgánica, y mediante tubería, lo hacemos pasar a un "depósito de reacción", donde habremos saturado el agua con acetato amónico.The CO2 from the previous industrial filtration of inorganic matter, and through pipe, we do move to a "reaction tank", where we will have saturated the water with ammonium acetate.
Quedara en la disolución el ion HCO_{3}-, el
ion amonio y el ion acético y el ácido carbónico e introduciremos a
continuación hidróxido sódico (NaOH) (4), en exceso, que
reaccionará, tanto con el ion HCO_{3}-, como con el ion acético,
provocando una serie de reacciones en cadena.The HCO 3 - ion, the ammonium ion and the acetic ion and carbonic acid will remain in the solution and we will then introduce sodium hydroxide (NaOH) (4), in excess, which
it will react, both with the HCO 3 - ion, and with the acetic ion, causing a series of chain reactions.
Y de esa reacción, se producirá, acetato sódico, que desprenderá amoniaco (6), que lo haremos recircular contínuamante en el depósito de reacción, para formar ion amonio, que formara con el acetato sódico, acetato amónico, y quedando el hidróxido sódico en disolución, comenzando el proceso, con la introducción del CO_{2} y bicarbonato sódico (5) que lo recuperamos del depósito por decantación.And from that reaction, sodium acetate will occur, that will release ammonia (6), that we will recirculate continuously in the reaction vessel, to form ammonium ion, that will form with sodium acetate, ammonium acetate, and leaving the sodium hydroxide in solution, beginning the process, with the introduction of CO2 and sodium bicarbonate (5) that We recover from the deposit by decantation.
Description
Eliminación del CO_{2} industrial mediante su fijación en bicarbonato sódico.Elimination of industrial CO2 by its fixation in sodium bicarbonate.
La gran preocupación que implican las emisiones de CO_{2} a la atmósfera y la entrada en vigor de protocolos, como el de Kyoto, así como medidas gubernamentales en la materia, encaminadas a penalizar a aquellas empresas que más CO_{2} emitan a la atmósfera, justifica de por sí la iniciativa de cualquier invención que sea capaz de captar y eliminar mediante fijación, el CO_{2}, generado en los procesos industriales.The major concern of emissions of CO2 to the atmosphere and the entry into force of protocols, such as that of Kyoto, as well as government measures in the matter, aimed at penalizing those companies that emit more CO_ {2} to the atmosphere, justifies the initiative of any invention that is capable of capturing and eliminating by fixation, the CO_ {2}, generated in industrial processes.
Dados los elevados índices de emisiones de CO_{2} que presenta nuestro país en los últimos años, la situación se presenta cada vez más preocupante, por lo que se tendrán que buscar métodos para conseguir reducir las emisiones de CO_{2} a la atmósfera.Given the high emission rates of CO_ {2} presented by our country in recent years, the situation It is becoming increasingly worrying, so they will have to look for methods to reduce CO2 emissions by atmosphere.
Es dentro de esta realidad, donde se encuadra la presente invención, que desarrolla un sistema que tras capturar el CO_{2} producido por cualquier proceso industrial (cementeras, centrales termoeléctricas, siderurgias, incineradoras, etc.), se consigue mediante un proceso de reacciones químicas, la eliminación mediante fijación del CO_{2} evitando su emisión a la atmósfera, tal como viene sucediendo actualmente.It is within this reality, where the present invention, which develops a system that after capturing the CO_ {2} produced by any industrial process (cement, thermoelectric power plants, steelworks, incinerators, etc.) achieved through a process of chemical reactions, elimination by fixation of CO2 avoiding its emission to the atmosphere, as it is currently happening.
Por todo ello el motivo de la presente invención trata de la eliminación, mediante fijación, del CO_{2} generado en los procesos industriales, posibilitando además el uso de determinados combustibles ó instalaciones, que por su alto grado de contaminación son de difícil implantación, pudiendo con este sistema ser ubicada en cualquier polígono industrial.Therefore, the reason for the present invention it deals with the elimination, by means of fixation, of the CO2 generated in industrial processes, also enabling the use of certain fuels or facilities, which due to their high degree of contamination are difficult to implement, being able with this system be located in any industrial estate.
La presente invención, tal y como expresa el enunciado de esta memoria descriptiva, consiste en un nuevo proceso de Eliminación del CO_{2}, industrial mediante su fijación en bicarbonato sódico cuyo funcionamiento viene determinado por la introducción de una tubería conductora del CO_{2} generado por cualquier instalación industrial, previo paso por un filtro de materia inorgánica, dentro de un depósito el cual denominaremos "depósito de reacción", a temperatura y presión para que reaccione con el agua, previamente saturada de acetato amónico.The present invention, as expressed by the stated in this descriptive report, it consists of a new process of Elimination of CO2, industrial by fixing it in sodium bicarbonate whose operation is determined by the introduction of a conductive pipe of CO2 generated by any industrial installation, after passing through a filter inorganic matter, within a deposit which we will call "reaction tank", at temperature and pressure so that react with water, previously saturated with ammonium acetate.
Quedara en la disolución el ion HCO_{3}-, el ion amonio y el ion acético. Una vez diluido los tres componentes reseñados, introduciremos dentro del depósito de reacción hidróxido sódico -NaOH-, en exceso, para que reaccione, tanto con el ion HCO_{3}-, como con el ion acético, para provocar una serie de reacciones químicas en cadena, las cuales desarrollaremos a continuación, y que nos llevan a la obtención de bicarbonato sódico, quedando en la disolución el acetato sódico, y desprendiéndose el amoniaco en forma de gas, que lo recogeremos para iniciar de nuevo la reacción. El bicarbonato sódico lo recuperamos del depósito por decantación, mientras que el acetato sódico se queda en la disolución. El amoniaco desprendido en la primera reacción, lo recircularemos continuamente en el depósito de reacción, para que la disolución en el agua, se forme el ion amonio. El ion amonio -NH_{4}^{+}- al reaccionar con el acetato sódico, se forma acetato amónico, quedando el hidróxido sódico en disolución. Con ello, se inicia de nuevo la reacción principal al introducir el CO_{2}.The HCO 3 - ion will remain in the solution. Ammonium ion and acetic ion. Once diluted the three components outlined, we will introduce into the hydroxide reaction tank sodium -NaOH-, in excess, to react, both with the ion HCO 3 -, as with the acetic ion, to cause a series of chemical chain reactions, which we will develop at then, and that lead us to obtain sodium bicarbonate, the sodium acetate remaining in the solution, and the ammonia in the form of gas, which we will pick up to start over the reaction. Baking soda is recovered from the tank by decantation, while sodium acetate stays in the dissolution. The ammonia released in the first reaction, what we will recirculate continuously in the reaction tank, so that the solution in water, the ammonium ion is formed. Ammonium ion -NH 4 + - by reacting with sodium acetate, it forms ammonium acetate, leaving sodium hydroxide in solution. With This starts the main reaction again by entering the CO 2.
La presente invención de "Eliminación del CO_{2}, industrial mediante su fijación en bicarbonato sódico", que consiste, tal como hemos indicado anteriormente, en la introducción de forma continua en un depósito de reacción, de las emisiones de CO_{2} y otros gases contaminantes generados por cualquier instalación industrial, previa su filtración por un filtro de materia inorgánica.The present invention of "Elimination of CO2, industrial by fixing it in sodium bicarbonate ", which consists, as we have indicated previously, in the continuously introduced into a reaction vessel, of the CO2 emissions and other pollutant gases generated by any industrial installation, prior to its filtration by a filter of inorganic matter.
Dentro del depósito de reacción se recepcionan los gases CO_{2} - dióxido de carbono -, a temperatura y presión para que reaccionen con el agua existente dentro del tanque, saturada de acetato amónico CH_{3}COONH_{4}(ac).Inside the reaction tank they are received CO2 gases - carbon dioxide -, at temperature and pressure to react with the water inside the tank, saturated with ammonium acetate CH 3 COONH 4 (ac).
El CO_{2} diluido en el agua, forma ácido carbónico, quedando todos los iones del ácido carbónico, acético y amonio, en la disolución.CO2 diluted in water, forms acidic carbonic, leaving all ions of carbonic acid, acetic and Ammonium, in solution.
A continuación añadiremos al depósito de reacción hidróxido sódico -NaOH-, en exceso, para que se produzcan las siguientes reacciones químicas:Next we will add to the deposit of Sodium hydroxide reaction -NaOH-, in excess, to produce The following chemical reactions:
CH_{3}COONH_{4} + H_{2}CO_{3} + 2 NaOH - - - - - CH_{3}COONa + NaHCO_{3} + NH_{3} + 2 H_{2}OCH 3 COONH 4 + H 2 CO 3 + 2 NaOH - - - - - CH 3 COONa + NaHCO 3 + NH 3 + 2 H2O
Finalizada esta fase del proceso en el depósito de reacción, el bicarbonato sódico -NaHCO_{3}- es recuperado por decantación.After this phase of the process in the warehouse of reaction, the sodium bicarbonate -NaHCO3 - is recovered by decanting
El NH_{3}, - amoniaco en gas -, que se produce durante esta fase del proceso, se recupera y vuelve a ser introducida dentro del depósito de reacción para su reutilización de una forma continuada. El acetato sódico, se queda en la disolución y al reaccionar de nuevo con el amoniaco -NH_{3}- que hemos recirculado, reacciona produciéndose el acetato amónico y desprendiéndose el hidróxido sódico que queda en la disolución para reaccionar de nuevo con el ácido carbónico, cuando se introduce el CO_{2}.The NH3, - ammonia in gas -, which is produced during this phase of the process, it recovers and becomes again introduced into the reaction tank for reuse of A continuous way. Sodium acetate stays in the solution and by reacting again with the ammonia -NH_ {3} - that we have recirculated, reacts producing ammonium acetate and releasing the sodium hydroxide remaining in the solution to react again with carbonic acid, when the CO 2.
En la Figura 1 se representa de forma gráfica el conjunto de elementos que conforman este nuevo sistema de "Eliminación del CO_{2} industrial mediante su fijación en bicarbonato sódico" y donde (1) representa la tubería, por donde conduciremos el CO_{2}, proveniente de cualquier instalación industrial, el cual y como paso previo, lo habremos pasado por un filtro de materia inorgánica.Figure 1 graphically depicts the set of elements that make up this new system of "Elimination of industrial CO2 by fixing it in baking soda "and where (1) represents the pipe, where we will drive the CO_ {2}, coming from any installation industrial, which and as a previous step, we will have gone through a inorganic matter filter.
Mediante esa conducción, introduciremos el CO_{2} dentro de un depósito de reacción (2), a temperatura y presión para que reaccione con el agua, que previamente habremos saturado de acetato amónico (3).Through this conduction, we will introduce the CO2 in a reaction tank (2), at temperature and pressure to react with water, which we will have previously saturated ammonium acetate (3).
Quedara en la disolución el ion HCO_{3}-, el ion amonio y el ion acético y el ácido carbónico.The HCO 3 - ion will remain in the solution. Ammonium ion and acetic ion and carbonic acid.
Una vez diluido los tres componentes reseñados, introduciremos dentro del depósito de reacción hidróxido sódico -NaOH- (4), en exceso, que reaccionará, tanto con el ion HCO_{3}-, como con el ion acético, provocando una serie de reacciones en cadena. Y de esa reacción, se producirá, acetato sódico, que desprenderá amoniaco (6). Y bicarbonato sódico (5) que lo recuperamos del depósito por decantación.Once the three components reviewed have been diluted, we will introduce into the reaction tank sodium hydroxide -NaOH- (4), in excess, which will react with both the HCO3 - ion, as with the acetic ion, causing a series of reactions in chain. And from that reaction, sodium acetate will be produced, which will release ammonia (6). And sodium bicarbonate (5) that We recover from the deposit by decantation.
El amoniaco (6) desprendido lo recircularemos continuamente en el deposito de reacción, para que la disolución en el agua, se forme el ion amonio. El ion amonio -NH_{4}^{+}- al reaccionar con el acetato sódico, se forma acetato amónico, quedando el hidróxido sódico en disolución.The ammonia (6) detached we will recirculate continuously in the reaction tank, so that the dissolution in water, the ammonium ion forms. The ammonium ion -NH 4 + - al react with sodium acetate, ammonium acetate is formed, leaving the sodium hydroxide in solution.
Con ello, se inicia de nuevo la reacción principal al introducir el CO_{2}.With this, the reaction starts again main when entering CO_ {2}.
El sistema de "Eliminación del CO_{2}, industrial mediante su fijación en bicarbonato sódico", lo desarrollaremos de la siguiente manera, mediante una tubería (1) conduciremos el CO_{2}, proveniente de cualquier instalación industrial, el cual habremos filtrado de materia inorgánica, mediante un filtro, a un depósito de reacción (2), lleno de agua saturada de acetato amónico (3), y lo someteremos a temperatura y presión para que reaccione.The system of "Elimination of CO_ {2}, industrial by fixing it in sodium bicarbonate ", what we will develop as follows, through a pipe (1) we will drive the CO_ {2}, coming from any installation industrial, which we will have filtered inorganic matter, through a filter, to a reaction tank (2), filled with water saturated with ammonium acetate (3), and we will subject it to temperature and pressure to react.
De esa reacción quedará en la disolución el ion HCO_{3}-, el ión amonio y el ion acético y el ácido carbónico.From that reaction the ion will remain in the solution HCO 3 -, the ammonium ion and acetic ion and carbonic acid.
Una vez diluido los tres componentes reseñados, introduciremos dentro del depósito de reacción hidróxido sódico -NaOH- (4), en exceso, para que reaccionando, tanto con el ion HCO_{3}-, como con el ion acético, provoque una serie de reacciones químicas en cadena.Once the three components reviewed have been diluted, we will introduce into the reaction tank sodium hydroxide -NaOH- (4), in excess, so that reacting, both with the ion HCO 3 -, as with the acetic ion, cause a series of chemical chain reactions.
Así, se producirá bicarbonato sódico (5) que lo recuperamos del depósito por decantación, mientras que el acetato sódico se queda en la disolución y se desprenderá amoniaco.Thus, sodium bicarbonate (5) will be produced which we recover from the deposit by decantation, while the acetate sodium remains in the solution and ammonia will be released.
El amoniaco (6) desprendido lo volveremos a introducir en el deposito de reacción, y lo hacemos re circular continuamente, para que disuelto en el agua, se forme el ion amonio. El ion amonio -NH_{4}^{+}- al reaccionar con el acetato sódico, se forma acetato amónico, quedando el hidróxido sódico -NaOH- en disolución. Con ello, se inicia de nuevo la reacción principal al introducir el CO_{2}.The ammonia (6) released will return to introduce into the reaction tank, and we make it circulate continuously, so that dissolved in the water, the ammonium ion is formed. The ammonium ion -NH 4 + - when reacting with sodium acetate, ammonium acetate is formed, leaving sodium hydroxide -NaOH- in dissolution. With this, the main reaction to the enter the CO_ {2}.
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ES200900316A ES2347751B1 (en) | 2009-01-30 | 2009-01-30 | ELIMINATION OF INDUSTRIAL CO2 BY FIXING IN SODIUM BICARBONATE. |
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Non-Patent Citations (3)
Title |
---|
JULIAN, I. "{}Diccionario de química"{}. 1999. pag. 560. [en línea] [recuperado el 29.09.2010]. Recuperado de Internet. <http://books.***.es/books?id=VmdvQfFbq9UC&pg=PA560&dq= dioxido+carbono+hidroxido+sodico&hl=es&ei=OSWzTKDlLYbpOcHy2aIJ& sa=X&oi=book\_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CD0Q6AEwAg\#v=onepage &q&f=false> * |
STOLAROFF, J. et al. "{}Carbon Dioxide Capture from Atmospheric Air Using Sodium Hydroxide Spray"{}. Environmental Science&Technology. 2008, 42, 2728-2735. * |
XIA, J. et al. "{}Solubility of carbon dioxide in aqueous solutions containing sodium acetate or ammonium acetate at temperatures from 313 to 433K and pressures up to 10MPa"{}. Fluid Phase Equilibria. 155. (1999) 107-125. * |
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