ES2343997B1 - EPOXI RESIN GEL-COAT WITH CARBON NANOFIBERS AND THE SAME PREPARATION PROCESS. - Google Patents
EPOXI RESIN GEL-COAT WITH CARBON NANOFIBERS AND THE SAME PREPARATION PROCESS. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- ES2343997B1 ES2343997B1 ES200900107A ES200900107A ES2343997B1 ES 2343997 B1 ES2343997 B1 ES 2343997B1 ES 200900107 A ES200900107 A ES 200900107A ES 200900107 A ES200900107 A ES 200900107A ES 2343997 B1 ES2343997 B1 ES 2343997B1
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- Prior art keywords
- coat
- gel
- carbon nanofibers
- epoxy resin
- epolan
- Prior art date
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- 239000002134 carbon nanofiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000004848 polyfunctional curative Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002121 nanofiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002012 Aerosil® Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010907 mechanical stirring Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium nickel Chemical group [Cr].[Ni] VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004611 light stabiliser Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 polypropylene core Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011208 reinforced composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001721 transfer moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C37/00—Component parts, details, accessories or auxiliary operations, not covered by group B29C33/00 or B29C35/00
- B29C37/0025—Applying surface layers, e.g. coatings, decorative layers, printed layers, to articles during shaping, e.g. in-mould printing
- B29C37/0028—In-mould coating, e.g. by introducing the coating material into the mould after forming the article
- B29C37/0032—In-mould coating, e.g. by introducing the coating material into the mould after forming the article the coating being applied upon the mould surface before introducing the moulding compound, e.g. applying a gelcoat
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/02—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising combinations of reinforcements, e.g. non-specified reinforcements, fibrous reinforcing inserts and fillers, e.g. particulate fillers, incorporated in matrix material, forming one or more layers and with or without non-reinforced or non-filled layers
- B29C70/021—Combinations of fibrous reinforcement and non-fibrous material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
- C08G59/18—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/04—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material
- C08J5/0405—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material with inorganic fibres
- C08J5/042—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material with inorganic fibres with carbon fibres
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/02—Elements
- C08K3/04—Carbon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K7/00—Use of ingredients characterised by shape
- C08K7/02—Fibres or whiskers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L63/00—Compositions of epoxy resins; Compositions of derivatives of epoxy resins
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D163/00—Coating compositions based on epoxy resins; Coating compositions based on derivatives of epoxy resins
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
Abstract
Gel-coat de resina epoxi con nanofibras de carbono y proceso de preparación del mismo, que tiene una conductividad eléctrica superficial mínima de 2*10^{-4} S*cm^{-1} y baja viscosidad (400 mPa*s) comprendiendo:Epoxy resin gel-coat with carbon nanofibers and its preparation process, which has a minimum surface electrical conductivity of 2 * 10-4 S * cm -1 and low viscosity (400 mPa * s) comprising:
Resina de epoxi; agente endurecedor, nanofibras decarbono entre 1 y 10%; y gel de sílice.Epoxy resin; hardening agent, nanofibers carbon between 1 and 10%; and silica gel.
El proceso consiste en:The process consists of:
- Mezclar la resina en un 92%, las nanofibras de carbono en un 5% y el gel de sílice en un 3%, en un vaso de precipitado graduado de 5 litros.- Mix the resin in 92%, the nanofibers of 5% carbon and 3% silica gel, in a glass of graduated precipitate of 5 liters.
- Homogeneizar una hora, con agitación mecánica de pocas revoluciones (entre 10 y 100 r.p.m.), pudiendo introducir un aditivo desaireante.- Homogenize one hour, with mechanical agitation of few revolutions (between 10 and 100 r.p.m.), being able to introduce a deaerating additive.
- Incorporar el endurecedor en un 40% en peso respecto a la resina.- Incorporate the hardener in 40% by weight Regarding the resin.
- Postcurado durante cuatro horas a 60ºC, dos horas a 80ºC y enfriamiento progresivo de 10ºC/hora.- Post-cure for four hours at 60 ° C, two hours at 80ºC and progressive cooling of 10ºC / hour.
Description
Gel-coat de resina epoxi con nanofibras de carbono y proceso de preparación del mismo.Epoxy resin gel-coat with Carbon nanofibers and preparation process.
La invención, tal como expresa el enunciado de la presente memoria descriptiva, se refiere a un gel-coat de resina epoxi con nanofibras de carbono y al proceso de preparación del mismo, aportando al estado de la técnica, notables ventajas y características de novedad que se consignarán en detalle más adelante.The invention, as expressed in the statement of The present specification refers to a Epoxy resin gel coat with carbon nanofibers and to the process of preparing it, contributing to the state of the technique, notable advantages and novelty features that are they will record in detail later.
En particular, el objeto de la invención se centra en un gel-coat epoxi que contiene nanofibras de carbono y a su proceso de preparación, el cual, está especialmente destinado para aplicaciones industriales que requieran ser susceptibles al paso de corriente eléctrica.In particular, the object of the invention is focuses on an epoxy gel-coat that contains nanofibers carbon and its preparation process, which is specially designed for industrial applications that require be susceptible to the passage of electric current.
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El campo de aplicación de la presente invención se encuadra dentro del sector técnico de los polímeros y gel-coats como parte integrante de materiales compuestos o para su fabricación, ya sea como productos acabados o incorporados en moldes de inyección para su procesado.The field of application of the present invention It falls within the technical sector of polymers and gel-coats as an integral part of materials compounds or for manufacturing, either as finished products or Built-in injection molds for processing.
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Como es sabido, los gel-coat son resinas termoestables modificadas física y/o químicamente para proteger y decorar la "cara vista" del material a obtener.As is known, gel-coat are physically and / or chemically modified thermostable resins for protect and decorate the "visible face" of the material to be obtained.
El solicitante no conoce en el estado de la técnica actual antecedentes de la presente invención.The applicant does not know in the state of the Current technical background of the present invention.
La conciencia por preservar el medio ambiente, tanto a nivel particular como industrial, se extrapola al mundo de los materiales compuestos con la búsqueda y desarrollo de materiales y procesos menos contaminantes que los actuales.Awareness of preserving the environment, both at a particular and industrial level, the world is extrapolated from Composite materials with the search and development of materials and less polluting processes than the current ones.
Es por ello por lo que una de las tendencias es el uso de resinas tipo epoxi, caracterizadas por sus excelentes propiedades mecánicas y una baja emisión de volátiles durante su procesado.That is why one of the trends is the use of epoxy resins, characterized by their excellent mechanical properties and a low volatile emission during its indicted.
Si, además, éste se lleva a cabo mediante técnicas de inyección de moldes cerrados, la ventaja es aún mayor, ya que requiere un posterior acabado.If, in addition, this is carried out by closed mold injection techniques, the advantage is even greater, since it requires a subsequent finish.
El gel-coat en su composición típica consta de:The gel-coat in its composition Typical consists of:
- Resina, (poliéster, epoxi, vinil-éster, fenólica, etc.) en porcentajes comprendidos entre el 30 y el 60% en peso.- Resin, (polyester, epoxy, vinyl ester, phenolic, etc.) in percentages between 30 and 60% in weight.
- Pigmentos, (opcional) para conferir el color final al gel-coat y cuya concentración puede variar entre el 10 y el 15% en peso.- Pigments, (optional) to confer color final to the gel-coat and whose concentration may vary between 10 and 15% by weight.
- Aditivos, que le proporcionen alguna característica especial, como pueden ser agentes dispersadores, desaireantes, estabilizadores de la luz ultravioleta o agentes espesantes; todos ellos sin limitación alguna.- Additives, that provide some special feature, such as dispersing agents, deaerating agents, ultraviolet light stabilizers or agents thickeners; all of them without any limitation.
- Diluyentes, con el fin de disminuir la viscosidad del gel-coat. Su concentración oscilará entre el 10 y el 50% en peso.- Diluents, in order to decrease the gel-coat viscosity. Your concentration will oscillate between 10 and 50% by weight.
- Iniciadores (en algunos casos), capaces de iniciar la polimerización del gel-coat mediante radicales libres.- Initiators (in some cases), capable of initiate gel coat polymerization by free radicals.
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Sin embargo, centrándonos en el conformado de composites mediante inyección (MTR (moldeo por transferencia de resinas), MTR light, etc.), la problemática surge de nuevo a la hora de obtener moldes económicamente asequibles e inalterables, ya que es común la aparición de poros, pérdida de brillo o agrietamientos, con el paso del tiempo.However, focusing on the shaping of composites by injection (MTR (transfer molding of resins), MTR light, etc.), the problem arises again at the time to obtain economically affordable and unalterable molds, since it is common the appearance of pores, loss of shine or cracking, over time.
Es pues, objeto de la presente invención,
aportar al estado de la técnica un gel-coat que,
además de cumplir con la legislación medioambiental en emisión de
volátiles, y debido a su naturaleza de conductor eléctrico,
posibilite su aplicación en la fabricación de moldes por deposición
de baños metálicos cromo-níquel de elevada
resistencia al desgaste, moldes calefactados por su elevada
resistencia térmica y otras diversas aplicaciones, como pintados
electrostáticos e inserción de circuitos eléctricos, debiendo
señalarse que, por parte del solicitante, se desconoce la existencia
de ninguna otra invención que presente unas características
técnicas, estructurales y de configuración
semejantes.It is therefore, object of the present invention, to provide the state of the art with a gel-coat that, in addition to complying with the environmental legislation on volatile emissions, and due to its nature as an electric conductor, allows its application in the manufacture of molds by deposition of chromium-nickel metal baths of high wear resistance, molds heated by their high thermal resistance and various other applications, such as electrostatic painting and insertion of electrical circuits, it should be noted that, on the part of the applicant, the existence of any another invention that has technical, structural and configuration characteristics
similar.
Así, el gel-coat y proceso de preparación que la presente invención propone se configura como una novedad dentro de su campo, ya que, a tenor de su aplicación, se alcanzan satisfactoriamente los objetivos anteriormente señalados como idóneos, estando los detalles caracterizadores adecuadamente recogidos en las reivindicaciones finales que acompañan a la presente memoria descriptiva.Thus, the gel-coat and process preparation that the present invention proposes is configured as a new within its field, since, according to its application, it satisfactorily achieve the aforementioned objectives as suitable, the characterizing details being properly set out in the final claims that accompany the Present descriptive report.
Por tanto, este proceso requiere la utilización de materiales de recubrimiento superficial de acabado, protección o decoración conocido como gel-coat.Therefore, this process requires the use of surface coating materials for finishing, protection or decoration known as gel-coat.
De forma concreta, el gel-coat de resina epoxi con nanofibras de carbono que la invención preconiza es el siguiente:Specifically, the gel-coat of epoxy resin with carbon nanofibers that the invention recommends It is as follows:
En primer lugar, en la elaboración del gel-conductor se utilizan los siguientes materiales:First, in the elaboration of gel-conductor the following are used materials:
- Resina de epoxi, tipo EPOLAN 2035 ó EPOLAN 2050.- Epoxy resin, type EPOLAN 2035 or EPOLAN 2050
- Agente de entrecruzamiento o endurecedor, tipo EPOLAN 2025.- Cross-linking agent or hardener, type EPOLAN 2025.
- Nanofibras de carbono en una proporción de entre 1 y 10%, siendo de cualquier tipo disponible en el mercado.- Carbon nanofibers in a proportion of between 1 and 10%, being of any type available in the market.
- Y gel de sílice, tipo AERO SIL.- And silica gel, type AERO SIL.
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En cuanto al procedimiento a seguir para la preparación del gel-coat, se siguen los siguientes pasos:As for the procedure to follow for the gel-coat preparation, the following are followed Steps:
- En un vaso de precipitado graduado de 5 litros, se mezclan la resina epoxi en un 92%, las nanofibras de carbono en un 5% y el gel de sílice en un 3%.- In a beaker of graduated 5 liters, the epoxy resin is mixed in 92%, the nanofibers of 5% carbon and 3% silica gel.
- Los tres componentes se homogenizan durante una hora con una pala de mezclado de geometría espiral acoplada a una batidora o con una máquina de rodillos de pocas revoluciones (entre 10 y 100 r.p.m.), hasta conseguir una buena dispersión. En caso de generarse un elevado número de burbujas, se puede introducir un aditivo desaireante para su eliminación.- The three components are homogenized during one hour with a spiral geometry mixing blade coupled to a mixer or with a low speed roller machine (between 10 and 100 r.p.m.), until a good dispersion is achieved. In If a large number of bubbles is generated, you can enter a deaerating additive for disposal.
- Tras el período de agitación, se incorpora el endurecedor EPOLAN 2025 en un porcentaje equivalente al 40% en peso con respecto al contenido de resina, agitando nuevamente para su homogeneización.- After the period of agitation, the EPOLAN 2025 hardener in a percentage equivalent to 40% by weight regarding the resin content, stirring again for homogenization
Cabe señalar que el tiempo de procesado durante el cual la viscosidad inicial del gel-coat (\sim400 mPa*s) se mantiene inalterada, es próximo a dos horas a temperatura ambiente y humedad relativa comprendida entre el 60 y el 70%.It should be noted that the processing time during which the initial viscosity of the gel-coat (\ sim400 mPa * s) remains unchanged, it is close to two hours at ambient temperature and relative humidity between 60 and 70%
Por otra parte, el tiempo necesario para alcanzar la ausencia de pegajosidad es próximo a cuatro horas desde la adición del endurecedor.Moreover, the time needed to achieve the absence of stickiness is close to four hours from the addition of the hardener.
- Finalmente, el postcurado al que se le somete al gel-coat endurecido es de cuatro horas a 60ºC, seguido de dos horas a 80ºC y a un enfriamiento progresivo de 10ºC/hora.- Finally, the post-curate to which he is subjected the hardened gel coat is four hours at 60 ° C, followed by two hours at 80 ° C and progressive cooling of 10ºC / hour.
Seguidamente, y para medir la conductividad eléctrica, ya que, como se ha señalado, el gel-coat propuesto está destinado especialmente para aplicaciones industriales que requieran ser susceptibles al paso de corriente eléctrica, se sigue el siguiente método:Next, and to measure the conductivity electric, since, as noted, the gel-coat proposed is intended especially for applications industrial that require to be susceptible to the passage of current electric, the following method is followed:
Las medidas eléctricas se han llevado a cabo superficialmente, utilizando una placa soporte rectangular de gel-coat de dos milímetros de espesor. Sobre la superficie de la misma se van pintando con un pincel líneas verticales y paralelas con pintura de plata y, a diferentes distancias una de la otra, se conectan los electrodos aplicando una diferencia de potencial, midiéndose la resistencia al paso de corriente eléctrica.The electrical measurements have been carried out superficially, using a rectangular support plate of gel-coat two millimeters thick. On surface of it are painted with a brush lines vertical and parallel with silver paint and, at different distances from each other, the electrodes are connected by applying a potential difference, measuring the resistance to the passage of electric current.
El valor de la conductividad eléctrica será inversamente proporcional a la resistencia y dependerá igualmente de la geometría del material, tal y como muestran las siguientes ecuaciones:The value of the electrical conductivity will be inversely proportional to the resistance and will also depend on the geometry of the material, as shown in the following equations:
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Siendo:Being:
- \varphi: \ varphi:
- Resistencia específica (\Omega*cm)Specific resistance (\ Omega * cm)
- R: R:
- Resistencia (\Omega)Resistance (\ Omega)
- a: to:
- área de la probeta (cm^{2})test tube area (cm2)
- t: t:
- Espesor de la probeta (cm)Thickness of the specimen (cm)
- \sigma: \sigma:
- Conductividad eléctrica (S*cm^{-1})Electrical conductivity (S * cm -1)
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Los valores obtenidos de la conductividad y resistencia eléctrica se expresan en la tabla 1, superando en todos ellos el umbral requerido para el pintado electrostático (1*10^{-4} S*cm^{-1}).The values obtained from the conductivity and electrical resistance are expressed in table 1, exceeding in all they the threshold required for electrostatic painting (1 * 10-4 S * cm -1).
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El descrito gel-coat de resina epoxi con nanofibras de carbono y su proceso de preparación representan, pues, una innovación de características estructurales y constitutivas desconocidas hasta ahora para tal fin, razones que unidas a su utilidad práctica, la dotan de fundamento suficiente para obtener el privilegio de exclusividad que se solicita.The described resin gel-coat epoxy with carbon nanofibers and its preparation process they represent, therefore, an innovation of structural characteristics and constitutives unknown so far for that purpose, reasons that together with its practical utility, provide it with sufficient foundation to obtain the privilege of exclusivity that is requested.
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Se describe, a continuación, un ejemplo de obtención de un material compuesto mediante la técnica de moldeo por transferencia de resina a baja presión (o RTM light), de conductividad eléctrica superficial y volumétrica:An example of obtaining a composite material by the molding technique low pressure resin transfer (or RTM light), from surface and volumetric electrical conductivity:
Tras la fabricación del gel-coat conductor, según el procedimiento descrito anteriormente, se necesita preparar la superficie del molde de inyección aplicando un desmoldeante de tipo semipermanente (como por ejemplo Ferrocote FSR10, de la casa comercial FERRO) para posibilitar el desmoldeo del material, tras su curado.After manufacturing the gel coat conductor, according to the procedure described above, will you need to prepare the surface of the injection mold by applying a semi-permanent type release agent (such as Ferrocote FSR10, from the FERRO commercial house) to enable the demolding of the material, after curing.
Una vez seca la superficie del molde, aplicamos sobre ella, y mediante rodillo o brocha, el gel-coat con el agente de endurecimiento incorporado, hasta alcanzar un espesor de 1-2 milímetros.Once the mold surface dries, we apply on it, and by roller or brush, the gel-coat with the hardening agent incorporated, until reaching a 1-2 mm thickness.
Transcurrido el tiempo suficiente para que el gel-coat gelidifique, pero aún posea pegajosidad al tacto, se cubre toda la superficie del molde con un tejido de fibra de carbono biaxial \pm45º y de gramaje 250 g/m^{2}, para evitar el posterior marcado de la fibra de vidrio sobre el gel-coat, al realizar la inyección.Enough time has elapsed for the gel-coat gelidify, but still have stickiness to touch, the entire surface of the mold is covered with a fiber fabric biaxial carbon ± 45 ° and weight 250 g / m2, to avoid the subsequent marking of the fiberglass on the gel-coat, when performing the injection.
Sobre el tejido biaxial, se coloca un refuerzo (tipo ROVICORE) que consta de dos capas de fibra de vidrio y un núcleo de polipropileno cosido a ambas capas, y de gramaje variable, dependiendo del espesor final del composite.On the biaxial tissue, a reinforcement is placed (ROVICORE type) consisting of two layers of fiberglass and a polypropylene core sewn to both layers, and variable weight, depending on the final thickness of the composite.
Una vez concluida la preforma del material final a obtener, inyectamos la resina mediante la técnica RTM light, utilizando una máquina de baja presión, con presiones de entrada y cavidad de vacío de 0,8-0,9 bares y 0,5 bares, respectivamente.Once the preform of the final material is finished to obtain, we inject the resin using the RTM light technique, using a low pressure machine, with inlet pressures and 0.8-0.9 bar and 0.5 bar vacuum cavity, respectively.
La resina empleada para la inyección, puede ser la misma que la descrita para el gel-coat (EPOLAN 2050 ó EPOLAN 2035) o cualquier otra, tipo poliéster o vinil-éster, siempre y cuando se introduzca un aditivo ligante entre resina y gel-coat.The resin used for injection can be the same as described for the gel-coat (EPOLAN 2050 or EPOLAN 2035) or any other, polyester or vinyl ester type, as long as a binder additive is introduced between resin and gel-coat
Al cabo de veinte minutos, el material así obtenido se puede desmoldar cómodamente y someter a un post-curado como el detallado anteriormente.After twenty minutes, the material like this obtained can be comfortably demoulded and subjected to a post-cure as detailed above.
El material compuesto así obtenido está caracterizado eléctricamente, no sólo superficial, sino volumétricamente, tal como se muestra en la siguiente tabla 2.The composite material thus obtained is electrically characterized, not only superficial, but volumetrically, as shown in the following table 2.
De la tabla 2 anterior, se concluye que el composite posee una buena conductividad eléctrica tanto volumétrica como superficial.From table 2 above, it is concluded that the composite has a good both volumetric electrical conductivity as superficial.
Se constata, pues, que el gel-coat preconizado posee una conductividad eléctrica superficial mínima de 2*10^{-4} S*cm^{-1} y una baja viscosidad (400 mPa*s) que le hacen idóneo para cualquiera de las siguientes aplicaciones:It is therefore confirmed that the recommended gel-coat has a conductivity Minimum surface electric of 2 * 10-4 S * cm -1 and a low viscosity (400 mPa * s) that make it suitable for any of the following applications:
- Es apto para el pintado electrostático de piezas acabadas; como retrovisores o diferentes componentes del sector automovilístico.- It is suitable for electrostatic painting of finished pieces; as mirrors or different components of the automotive sector.
- Representa la solución ideal para el revestimiento de moldes, tanto abiertos como cerrados, para la fabricación de materiales mediante proceso de inyección, previa deposición de un baño metálico de cromo-níquel.- Represents the ideal solution for the mold coating, both open and closed, for manufacture of materials by injection process, prior deposition of a chrome-nickel metal bath.
- Debido a su elevada resistencia mecánica, resulta excelente para su uso en materiales compuestos reforzados con todo tipo de fibras (vidrio, carbono, aramidas, etc.).- Due to its high mechanical resistance, It is excellent for use in reinforced composite materials with all kinds of fibers (glass, carbon, aramid, etc.).
- Permite realizar inserciones de circuitos eléctricos, como por ejemplo, la incorporación de LEDs o en señalizaciones viarias.- It allows to make circuit insertions electrical, such as the incorporation of LEDs or in road signs.
- Resulta idóneo en la construcción de moldes calefactables, ya que posee una temperatura de distorsión bajo carga muy próxima a los 200ºC.- It is ideal in the construction of molds heatable, since it has a distortion temperature under load very close to 200ºC.
- Se puede aplicar con pistola, rodillo o brocha, debido a su baja viscosidad (400 mPa*s, medida a temperatura ambiente y 20 r.p.m.).- Can be applied with gun, roller or brush, due to its low viscosity (400 mPa * s, measured at temperature atmosphere and 20 r.p.m.).
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Descrita suficientemente la naturaleza de la presente invención, así como la manera de ponerla en práctica, no se considera necesario hacer más extensa su explicación para que cualquier experto en la materia comprenda su alcance y las ventajas que de ella se derivan, haciendo constar que, dentro de su esencialidad, podrá ser llevada a la práctica en otras formas de realización que difieran en detalle de la indicada a título de ejemplo, y a las cuales alcanzará igualmente la protección que se recaba siempre que no se altere, cambie o modifique su principio fundamental.Describe sufficiently the nature of the The present invention, as well as the way of putting it into practice, is not considers it necessary to extend its explanation so that any subject matter expert understands its scope and advantages that derive from it, stating that, within its essentiality, may be implemented in other forms of embodiment that differ in detail from that indicated by way of example, and which will also achieve the protection that collects as long as it does not alter, change or modify its principle fundamental.
Claims (4)
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| ES200900107A ES2343997B1 (en) | 2009-01-14 | 2009-01-14 | EPOXI RESIN GEL-COAT WITH CARBON NANOFIBERS AND THE SAME PREPARATION PROCESS. |
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| ES200900107A ES2343997B1 (en) | 2009-01-14 | 2009-01-14 | EPOXI RESIN GEL-COAT WITH CARBON NANOFIBERS AND THE SAME PREPARATION PROCESS. |
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| US20050127329A1 (en) * | 2001-08-17 | 2005-06-16 | Chyi-Shan Wang | Method of forming nanocomposite materials |
| US20100130646A1 (en) * | 2006-10-31 | 2010-05-27 | Korea Research Institute Of Chemical Technology | Method for manufacturing epoxy nanocomposite material containing vapor-grown carbon nanofibers and its products thereby |
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| Title |
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| SANDLER, J. et al. "{}Development of a dispersion process for carbon nanotubes in an epoxy matrix and the resulting electrical properties"{}, Polymer, 1999, Volumen 40, páginas 5967-5971. Ver Introducción, Experimental y resumen. * |
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