ES2343297B2 - PROCEDURE FOR INOCULATION OF INDUSTRIAL PERCOLATING BIOFILTERS. - Google Patents
PROCEDURE FOR INOCULATION OF INDUSTRIAL PERCOLATING BIOFILTERS. Download PDFInfo
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- ES2343297B2 ES2343297B2 ES200900209A ES200900209A ES2343297B2 ES 2343297 B2 ES2343297 B2 ES 2343297B2 ES 200900209 A ES200900209 A ES 200900209A ES 200900209 A ES200900209 A ES 200900209A ES 2343297 B2 ES2343297 B2 ES 2343297B2
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 241000605272 Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans Species 0.000 claims description 13
- 241000605268 Thiobacillus thioparus Species 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002054 inoculum Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 101100283604 Caenorhabditis elegans pigk-1 gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920005830 Polyurethane Foam Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011496 polyurethane foam Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- QMMFVYPAHWMCMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl sulfide Chemical compound CSC QMMFVYPAHWMCMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- LSDPWZHWYPCBBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanethiol Chemical compound SC LSDPWZHWYPCBBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- WQOXQRCZOLPYPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl disulfide Chemical compound CSSC WQOXQRCZOLPYPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011017 operating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000605222 Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans Species 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000809 air pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100001243 air pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000003915 air pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001651 autotrophic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000031018 biological processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003889 chemical engineering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011278 co-treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011785 micronutrient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013369 micronutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000000440 neutrophil Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003442 weekly effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/84—Biological processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/84—Biological processes
- B01D53/85—Biological processes with gas-solid contact
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2251/00—Reactants
- B01D2251/95—Specific microorganisms
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/30—Sulfur compounds
- B01D2257/304—Hydrogen sulfide
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Apparatus Associated With Microorganisms And Enzymes (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
- Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
Abstract
Procedimiento para la inoculación de biofiltros percoladores industriales.Procedure for biofilter inoculation industrial percolators.
El procedimiento consigue acelerar la puesta en marcha y funcionamiento óptimo de un biofiltro percolador empaquetado para la eliminación de sulfuro de hidrógeno.The procedure manages to accelerate the setting in Optimum running and operation of a percolator biofilter Packaging for the removal of hydrogen sulfide.
Entre las ventajas del procedimiento planteado se obtienen las siguientes ventajas:Among the advantages of the procedure the following advantages are obtained:
- a)to)
- Una inmovilización conjunta de ambas especies microbianas, mediante la formulación de un medio mixto que permite el crecimiento de ambas cepas.A joint immobilization of both microbial species, through formulation of a mixed medium that allows the growth of both strains
- b)b)
- Reducir el tiempo de aclimatación de la población microbiana.Reduce the acclimatization time of the microbial population
- c)C)
- Un aumento del rendimiento de eliminación respecto al uso de microorganismos procedentes de lodos activos.A increased elimination performance with respect to the use of microorganisms from active sludge.
Description
Procedimiento para la inoculación de biofiltros percoladores industriales.Procedure for biofilter inoculation industrial percolators.
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La presente invención se encuadra en los siguientes sectores técnicos:The present invention fits into the following technical sectors:
- B01D 53/84 Procedimientos biológicos.B01D 53/84 Biological procedures.
- B01D 53/34 Depuración química o biológica de gases residuales.B01D 53/34 Chemical or biological purification of waste gases.
- B01D 53/52 Sulfuro de hidrógeno.B01D 53/52 Hydrogen sulfide.
El control de las emisiones de compuestos volátiles orgánicos e inorgánicos y sus efectos medioambientales ha constituido, durante los últimos años, un objetivo prioritario para la mejora de la calidad ambiental. Este tipo de emisiones han sido tradicionalmente tratadas por métodos físico-químicos (Kohl AL, Nielsen R. 1997. Gas Purificaton. 5 ed. Ed Elsevier), aunque actualmente existe una fuerte demanda por métodos que no generen efluentes secundarios y supongan menores costes de operación.Control of compound emissions volatile organic and inorganic and its environmental effects has constituted, during the last years, a priority objective for The improvement of environmental quality. These types of emissions have been traditionally treated by methods physicochemical (Kohl AL, Nielsen R. 1997. Gas Purificaton 5 ed. Ed Elsevier), although there is currently a strong demand for methods that do not generate secondary effluents and suppose lower operating costs.
En este contexto, la biofiltración se presenta como una alternativa plausible para la eliminación de determinados compuestos volátiles presentes en los efluentes gaseosos (Devinny JS, Deshusses MA, Webster TS. 1999. Biofiltration for Air Pollution Control: Lewis Publishers), debido a su menor coste de operación, alto rendimiento de degradación para un amplio rango de contaminantes atmosféricos y sencillez tecnológica.In this context, biofiltration occurs as a plausible alternative for the elimination of certain volatile compounds present in gaseous effluents (Devinny JS, Deshusses MA, Webster TS. 1999. Biofiltration for Air Pollution Control: Lewis Publishers), due to its lower operating cost, high degradation performance for a wide range of air pollutants and technological simplicity.
El proceso de biofiltración consiste en hacer pasar aire contaminado a través de soportes porosos que contienen una población de microorganismos, de tal forma que el contaminante se absorbe en la película fluida formada entre el soporte y la fase acuosa, siendo en ésta donde se produce la conversión del compuesto contaminante en otro más sencillo y sin capacidad de contaminación (Kennes C, Thalasso F. 1998. Waste gas biotreatment technology. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology 72(4):303-319).The biofiltration process consists of doing pass contaminated air through porous supports that contain a population of microorganisms, so that the contaminant it is absorbed in the fluid film formed between the support and the phase aqueous, being in this where the conversion of the compound occurs pollutant in a simpler one without pollution capacity (Kennes C, Thalasso F. 1998. Waste gas biotreatment technology. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology 72 (4): 303-319).
Como en cualquier proceso biológico, el punto crítico para su utilización a nivel industrial está en la inmovilización de los microorganismos, así como en las etapas previas a la consecución de una población microbiana suficientemente activa como para reducir los tiempos de aclimatación de la biomasa a la nueva escala de operación.As in any biological process, the point critical for its industrial use is in the immobilization of microorganisms, as well as in the stages prior to the achievement of a sufficiently microbial population active to reduce biomass acclimatization times to The new scale of operation.
En el caso que nos ocupa, y tratándose de la inmovilización de Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans y Thiobacillus thioparus en espuma de poliuretano, este problema ya está resuelto a nivel de laboratorio y, la presente invención propone un protocolo para su utilización a nivel industrial, así como para la reducción de los tiempos de aclimatación de estas especies bacterianas.In the case at hand, and in the case of the immobilization of Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans and Thiobacillus thioparus in polyurethane foam, this problem is already solved at the laboratory level and, the present invention proposes a protocol for its use at the industrial level, as well as for the reduction of acclimatization times of these bacterial species.
La espuma de poliuretano ha demostrado ser un buen soporte para la inmovilización de microorganismos empleados en la eliminación de sulfuro de hidrógeno (U.S. Pat. No. 7,276,366 B2 10/2007 Parker et al. Biological scrubber odor control system and method).Polyurethane foam has proven to be a good support for the immobilization of microorganisms used in the removal of hydrogen sulfide (US Pat. No. 7,276,366 B2 10/2007 Parker et al. Biological scrubber odor control system and method).
Habitualmente, en la mayoría de los sistemas biológicos empleados en biofiltración se utiliza como inoculo un lodo activo (U.S. Pat. No. 7,276,366 B2 10/2007 Parker et al. Biological scrubber odor control system and method) procedente de la depuración de las aguas residuales. La inoculación con lodos activos proporciona tiempos de aclimatación muy altos tardándose semanas e incluso meses en alcanzar altos rendimientos de eliminación (Park SJ, Nam SI, Choi ES. 2001. Removal of odor emitted from composting facilities using a porous ceramic biofilter. Water Science and Technology 44(9):301-308; Cox HHJ, Deshusses MA. 2002. Co-treatment of H_{2}S and toluene in a biotricklingfilter. Chemical Engineering Journal 87(1):101-110).Usually, in most of the biological systems used in biofiltration an active sludge is used as inoculum (US Pat. No. 7,276,366 B2 10/2007 Parker et al. Biological scrubber odor control system and method) derived from the purification of wastewater . Inoculation with active sludge provides very high acclimatization times taking weeks and even months to achieve high elimination yields (Park SJ, Nam SI, Choi ES. 2001. Removal of odor emitted from composting facilities using a porous ceramic biofilter. Water Science and Technology 44 (9): 301-308; Cox HHJ, Deshusses MA. 2002. Co-treatment of H2S and toluene in a biotricklingfilter. Chemical Engineering Journal 87 (1): 101-110).
Por tanto, la presente invención supone un avance en la reducción de los tiempos de funcionamiento óptimo de los biofiltros para la eliminación de sulfuro de hidrógeno presente en los gases industriales.Therefore, the present invention implies a progress in reducing the optimal operating times of Biofilters for the removal of hydrogen sulfide present in industrial gases.
La invención consiste en un procedimiento operativo a través del cual, mediante la aplicación de una técnica de inmovilización conjunta en espuma de poliuretano de dos cepas bacterianas puras, se consigue acelerar la puesta en marcha y funcionamiento óptimo de un biofiltro percolador empaquetado para la eliminación de sulfuro de hidrógeno, ya que se considera que la utilización de la biomasa presente en los lodos activos de la depuración de aguas residuales es un factor limitante de la velocidad global de eliminación de este compuesto.The invention consists of a procedure operational through which, by applying a technique of joint immobilization in polyurethane foam of two strains pure bacterial, it is possible to accelerate the start-up and optimal performance of a percolator biofilter packaged for hydrogen sulfide removal, since it is considered that the use of the biomass present in the active sludge of the wastewater treatment is a limiting factor of the global rate of elimination of this compound.
El procedimiento operativo consta de tres etapas bien diferenciadas. Una primera para el crecimiento del inoculo, que constará de distintas etapas de escalamiento en función de que se esté creciendo el cultivo de Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans o Thiobacillus thioparus. Una segunda etapa de inoculación y puesta en marcha del biofiltro y, finalmente, una tercera de control y mantenimiento de la población microbiana en el biofiltro.The operating procedure consists of three distinct stages. A first for the growth of the inoculum, which will consist of different stages of scaling depending on whether the crop of Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans or Thiobacillus thioparus is growing. A second stage of inoculation and start-up of the biofilter and, finally, a third of control and maintenance of the microbial population in the biofilter.
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A continuación se realiza una descripción más detallada de cada una de las etapas de las que consta este procedimiento de inoculación:A more detailed description follows. detailed of each one of the stages of which this inoculation procedure:
Se emplean dos cultivos puros: Thiobacillus thioparus (ATCC 23645) y Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans (DMS 11478). Se tratan de dos bacterias autótrofas capaces de emplear como fuente de energía el ácido sulfhídrico siendo la primera neutrofila y la segunda ácidofila. Los medios minerales empleados para el crecimiento fueron:Two pure cultures are used: Thiobacillus thioparus (ATCC 23645) and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans (DMS 11478). They are two autotrophic bacteria capable of using hydrogen sulfide acid as the energy source, the first being neutrophil and the second acidic. The mineral media used for growth were:
- --
- ATCC Medio 290:S6 para Thiobacillus thioparus (ATCC 23645). Composición en gramos por litro: Na_{2}HPO_{4} 1,2 g, KH_{2}PO_{4} 1,8 g, MgSO_{4} \cdot 7H_{2}O 0,1 g, (NH_{4})_{2}SO_{4} 0,1 g, CaCl_{2} 0,03 g, FeCl_{3} 0,02 g, MnSO_{4} 0,02 g y Na_{2}S_{2}O_{3} 10 g. pH ajustado a 7,0 y esterilizado en autoclave (todos los compuestos menos el FeCl_{3} que se esteriliza por filtración mediante filtro de 0,22 \mum).ATCC Medium 290: S6 for Thiobacillus thioparus (ATCC 23645). Composition in grams per liter: Na 2 HPO 4 1.2 g, KH 2 PO 4 1.8 g, MgSO 4 · 7H 2 O 0.1 g, (NH_ {4} 2 SO 4 0.1 g, CaCl 2 0.03 g, FeCl 3 0.02 g, MnSO 4 0.02 g and Na 2 S 2 } O 3 10 g. pH adjusted to 7.0 and autoclaved (all compounds except FeCl 3 which is sterilized by filtration by 0.22 µm filter).
- --
- Medio 9K modificado libre de hierro con la adición de 10 g L^{-1} de azufre elemental (Silverman MP, Lundgren DG. 1959. Studies on the chemoautotrophic iron bacterium Ferrobacillus ferrooxidans. I. An improved médium and a harvesting procedure for securing high cell yields. Journal of Bacteriology 77(5):642-647) para Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans. Composición en gramos por litro: (NH_{4})_{2}SO_{4} 3,0 g; MgSO_{4} 0,5 g; K_{2}HPO_{4} 0,5 g; KCl 0,1 g; Ca(NO_{3})_{2} 0,01 g y S^{0} 10 g. pH ajustado a 2,5 y esterilizado en autoclave (todos los compuestos menos el azufre que se esteriliza en microondas mediante 3 pulsos de 30 segundos a máxima potencia.Modified iron-free 9K medium with the addition of 10 g L -1 of elemental sulfur (Silverman MP, Lundgren DG. 1959. Studies on the chemoautotrophic iron bacterium Ferrobacillus ferrooxidans. I. An improved medium and a harvesting procedure for securing high cell yields, Journal of Bacteriology 77 (5): 642-647) for Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans. Composition in grams per liter: (NH 4) 2 SO 4 3.0 g; MgSO 4 0.5 g; K 2 HPO 4 0.5 g; KCl 0.1 g; Ca (NO 3) 2 0.01 g and S 0 10 g. pH adjusted to 2.5 and autoclaved (all compounds except sulfur that is sterilized in microwaves using 3 pulses of 30 seconds at maximum power.
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El volumen necesario a crecer de cada microorganismo será entre el 5 y 20% del volumen total en recirculación del biofiltro de escurrimiento (recomendado 10% para Thiobacillus thioparus y 5% para Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans). El procedimiento de crecimiento se realiza en tres etapas para la especie Thiobacillus thioparus (a, b y c) y en dos etapas para Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans (a y b):The volume needed to grow of each microorganism will be between 5 and 20% of the total recirculation volume of the runoff biofilter (recommended 10% for Thiobacillus thioparus and 5% for Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans ). The growth procedure is performed in three stages for the species Thiobacillus thioparus (a, b and c) and in two stages for Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans (a and b):
- a.to.
- Crecimiento en Incubador agitador orbital (Matraces erlenmeyers de 250 ml):Growth in agitator incubator Orbital (250 ml Erlenmeyers flasks):
- Se inocula 90 ml de medio específico con 10 ml de cultivo en fase exponencial de crecimiento en un matraz erlenmeyer de 250 ml, una vez alcanzado el máximo de crecimiento se inoculan 10 matraces erlenmeyers al igual que en la etapa anterior obteniendo un volumen total de 1 L por etapa. Todo el proceso se realiza con material y medios estériles (121ºC, 20 min.) controlando la temperatura y revolución de agitación a 30ºC y 150 r.p.m.90 ml is inoculated of specific medium with 10 ml of exponential phase culture of growth in a 250 ml erlenmeyer flask, once reached the maximum growth inoculated 10 erlenmeyers flasks like than in the previous stage obtaining a total volume of 1 L per stage. The whole process is carried out with sterile material and media (121ºC, 20 min.) Controlling the temperature and revolution of stirring at 30 ° C and 150 r.p.m.
- b.b.
- Crecimiento en biorreactor (Biorreactores de 5 L):Bioreactor Growth (5 L bioreactors):
- Se emplean 2 biorreactores inoculando cada uno de ellos con 0,5 L de la etapa anterior y 1,5 L de medio específico, una vez alcanzado el máximo de crecimiento se añaden 1,5 L sucesivamente hasta un volumen total de 5 L. Una vez finalizada esta etapa se dispone un volumen total de 10 L por etapa. El proceso se realiza con material y medios estériles (121ºC, 20 min.) a 150 r.p.m con aireación a 0,1 vvm. La especie Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans se ha de crecer mediante este procedimiento realizando tantos ciclos como sean necesarios.2 bioreactors are used inoculating each of them with 0.5 L of the previous stage and 1.5 L of specific medium, once reached the maximum of growth 1.5 L are added successively until a total volume of 5 L. Once this stage is finished, a total volume of 10 L per stage is available. The process is carried out with sterile material and media (121 ° C, 20 min.) At 150 rpm with aeration at 0.1 vvm. The Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans species must be grown by this procedure by performing as many cycles as necessary.
- c.C.
- Crecimiento a gran escala:Large scale growth:
- Se emplea un depósito de 100 L de volumen total, inoculando 20 L de medio especifico con 10 L de la etapa anterior. Una vez alcanzado el máximo de crecimiento, se añaden 20 L de medio específico hasta obtener el volumen total necesario. En esta última etapa el medio no está esterilizado y solo se lleva a cabo para la especie Thiobacillus thioparus. El bioreactor se airea a 0,1 vvm.A 100 L total volume tank is used, inoculating 20 L of specific medium with 10 L of the previous stage. Once the maximum growth is reached, 20 L of specific medium are added until the total volume needed is obtained. In this last stage the medium is not sterilized and is only carried out for the Thiobacillus thioparus species. The bioreactor is aerated at 0.1 vvm.
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Previo a la inoculación es necesario tener el biofiltro percolador empaquetado con el soporte y húmedo (una recirculación continua durante las 24 horas previas es suficiente). Para proceder a la inoculación se ha de emplear cualquier sistema que permita añadir el cultivo crecido dentro del biofiltro percolador. La primera bacteria a inocular es la especie Thiobacillus thioparus. El pH inicial del biofiltro será próximo al pH del agua, una vez alcanzado un pH de 4,0 debido a la acidificación del sistema se procederá a inocular el siguiente microorganismo, poniendo en marchar el sistema de control de pH para evitar valores de pH inferiores a 2,0 (recomendado 4,0).Prior to inoculation it is necessary to have the percolator biofilter packaged with the support and wet (continuous recirculation during the previous 24 hours is sufficient). In order to proceed with inoculation, any system that allows adding the grown culture into the percolator biofilter must be used. The first bacteria to be inoculated is the Thiobacillus thioparus species. The initial pH of the biofilter will be close to the pH of the water, once a pH of 4.0 has been reached due to the acidification of the system, the following microorganism will be inoculated, starting the pH control system to avoid lower pH values to 2.0 (recommended 4.0).
Para asegurar el correcto funcionamiento del sistema es necesario disponer de un sistema de control de pH (superior a 2,0) y añadir semanalmente micronutrientes. Igualmente, es importante controlar los niveles de sulfato en el medio de recirculación por lo que se programaran descargas periódicas del medio de recirculación.To ensure the proper functioning of the system it is necessary to have a pH control system (greater than 2.0) and add micronutrients weekly. Equally, it is important to control sulfate levels in the middle of recirculation so periodic downloads of the recirculation medium.
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Cuando un biofiltro percolador se somete a este tipo de procedimiento de inoculación, se obtienen las siguientes ventajas desde el punto de vista de su diseño y de operación del proceso de biofiltración:When a percolator biofilter undergoes this type of inoculation procedure, the following are obtained advantages from the point of view of its design and operation of the biofiltration process:
- a)to)
- Se consigue una inmovilización conjunta de ambas especies microbianas, mediante la formulación de un medio mixto que permite el crecimiento de ambas cepas.Be get a joint immobilization of both microbial species, by formulating a mixed medium that allows growth of both strains.
- b)b)
- A través del crecimiento controlado del inoculo, se logra reducir el tiempo de aclimatación de la población microbiana de semanas (e incluso meses), típico del uso de lodos activos de depuración de aguas, a un período no superior a 48 horas.TO through the controlled growth of the inoculum, it is possible to reduce the acclimatization time of the microbial population of weeks (e even months), typical of the use of active sludges for purification of waters, at a period not exceeding 48 hours.
- c)C)
- Igualmente, al producirse una reducción del tiempo de latencia de los microorganismos, tiene lugar un aumento del rendimiento de eliminación respecto al uso de microorganismos procedentes de lodos activos. De esta forma, se obtienen rendimientos superiores al 98%, transcurrida las primeras 48 horas de operación del biofiltro.Likewise, when a reduction occurs of the latency time of microorganisms, a increased elimination performance with respect to the use of microorganisms from active sludge. In this way, it obtain yields higher than 98%, after the first 48 hours of biofilter operation.
- d)d)
- Debido a la inoculación conjunta de dos especies bacterianas con distinto comportamiento frente al pH, otra ventaja importante del procedimiento operativo es el alto rango de pH en el cual el sistema es eficiente para la eliminación. De esta forma, el sistema es efectiva desde pH 0,5 hasta valores cercanos a la neutralidad.Due to the joint inoculation of two bacterial species with different behavior against pH, other important advantage of the operating procedure is the high range of pH in which the system is efficient for elimination. This form, the system is effective from pH 0.5 to values close to neutrality
- e)and)
- Esta reducción del tiempo de latencia y aumento del rendimiento de eliminación lleva asociada varias ventajas:This reduced latency time and increased performance of Elimination has several advantages associated:
- i.i.
- Los biofiltros industriales actualmente operativos podrían trabajar con mayores velocidades de carga alimentadas al sistema, lo cual conlleva beneficios económicos importantes al incrementarse la capacidad de tratamiento y/o gestión de las instalaciones.The industrial biofilters currently operational could work with higher loading speeds fed to the system, which entails significant economic benefits as the capacity of treatment and / or management of the facilities.
- ii.ii.
- Por otro lado, en instalaciones de nueva construcción, podría reducirse considerablemente los costes de inmovilizado derivados del tamaño de los biofiltros, ya que para una capacidad de tratamiento determinada, las dimensiones necesarias para el biofiltro son inferiores.By on the other hand, in new construction facilities, it could be reduced considerably the costs of fixed assets derived from the size of biofilters, since for a treatment capacity determined, the necessary dimensions for the biofilter are lower.
- iii.iii.
- En biofiltros industriales, actualmente en funcionamiento, no se precisarían grandes inversiones económicas para implementar este tipo de procedimiento, ya que desde el punto de vista tecnológico no se requiere de la incorporación de un equipamiento específico avanzado. Sólo es necesario realizar la incorporación del relleno con los microorganismos inmovilizados.In industrial biofilters, currently in operation, are not would require large economic investments to implement this type of procedure, since from the technological point of view no the incorporation of specific equipment is required advanced. It is only necessary to incorporate the filling with immobilized microorganisms.
Claims (9)
- --
- ATCC Medio 290:S6 para Thiobacillus thioparus (ATCC 23645). Composición en gramos por litro: Na_{2}HPO_{4} 1,2 g, KH_{2}PO_{4} 1,8 g, MgSO_{4} \cdot 7H_{2}O 0,1 g, (NH_{4})_{2}SO_{4} 0,1 g, CaCl_{2} 0,03 g, FeCl_{3} 0,02 g, MnSO_{4} 0,02 g y Na_{2}S_{2}O_{3} 10 g. pH ajustado a 7,0 y esterilizado en autoclave (todos los compuestos menos el FeCl_{3} que se esteriliza por filtración mediante filtro de 0,22 \mum).ATCC Medium 290: S6 for Thiobacillus thioparus (ATCC 23645). Composition in grams per liter: Na 2 HPO 4 1.2 g, KH 2 PO 4 1.8 g, MgSO 4 · 7H 2 O 0.1 g, (NH_ {4} 2 SO 4 0.1 g, CaCl 2 0.03 g, FeCl 3 0.02 g, MnSO 4 0.02 g and Na 2 S 2 } O 3 10 g. pH adjusted to 7.0 and autoclaved (all compounds except FeCl 3 which is sterilized by filtration by 0.22 µm filter).
- --
- Medio 9 K modificado libre de hierro con la adición de 10 g L^{-1} de azufre elemental para Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans. Composición en gramos por litro: (NH_{4})_{2}SO_{4} 3,0 g; MgSO_{4} 0,5 g; K_{2}HPO_{4} 0,5 g; KCl 0,1 g; Ca(NO_{3})_{2} 0,01 g y S^{0} 10 g. pH ajustado a 2,5 y esterilizado en autoclave (todos los compuestos menos el azufre que se esteriliza en microondas mediante 3 pulsos de 30 segundos a máxima potencia.Modified 9 K medium free of iron with the addition of 10 g L -1 of elemental sulfur for Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans . Composition in grams per liter: (NH 4) 2 SO 4 3.0 g; MgSO 4 0.5 g; K 2 HPO 4 0.5 g; KCl 0.1 g; Ca (NO 3) 2 0.01 g and S 0 10 g. pH adjusted to 2.5 and autoclaved (all compounds except sulfur that is sterilized in microwaves using 3 pulses of 30 seconds at maximum power.
- a.to.
- Crecimiento en Incubador agitador orbital (Matraces erlenmeyers de 250 ml): Se inocula 90 ml de medio específico con 10 ml de cultivo en fase exponencial de crecimiento en un matraz erlenmeyer de 250 ml, una vez alcanzado el máximo de crecimiento se inoculan 10 matraces erlenmeyers al igual que en la etapa anterior obteniendo un volumen total de 1 L por etapa. Todo el proceso se realiza con material y medios estériles (121ºC, 20 min.) controlando la temperatura y revolución de agitación a 30ºC y 150 r.p.m.Growth in agitator incubator Orbital (250 ml Erlenmeyers flasks): 90 ml of medium is inoculated specific with 10 ml of culture in exponential phase of growth in a 250 ml erlenmeyer flask, once the maximum of growth are inoculated 10 erlenmeyers flasks as in the previous stage obtaining a total volume of 1 L per stage. All the process is carried out with sterile material and media (121ºC, 20 min.) controlling the temperature and stirring revolution at 30ºC and 150 r.p.m.
- b.b.
- Crecimiento en biorreactor (Biorreactores de 5 L): Se emplean 2 biorreactores inoculando cada uno de ellos con 0,5 L de la etapa anterior y 1,5 L de medio específico, una vez alcanzado el máximo de crecimiento se añaden 1,5 L sucesivamente hasta un volumen total de 5 L. Una vez finalizada esta etapa se dispone un volumen total de 10 L por etapa. El proceso se realiza con material y medios estériles (121ºC, 20 min.) a 150 r.p.m con aireación a 0,1 vvm.Bioreactor Growth (5 L bioreactors): 2 bioreactors are used inoculating each one of them with 0.5 L of the previous stage and 1.5 L of medium specific, once reached the maximum of growth 1.5 are added L successively up to a total volume of 5 L. Once finished This stage provides a total volume of 10 L per stage. The process it is done with sterile material and media (121ºC, 20 min.) at 150 r.p.m with aeration at 0.1 vvm.
- c.C.
- Crecimiento a gran escala: Se emplea un depósito de 100 L de volumen total, inoculando 20 L de medio específico con 10 L de la etapa anterior. Una vez alcanzado el máximo de crecimiento, se añaden 20 L de medio específico hasta obtener el volumen total necesario.Large-scale growth: A 100 L total volume tank, inoculating 20 L of medium specific with 10 L of the previous stage. Once reached maximum growth, 20 L of specific medium are added up to Get the total volume needed.
- a.to.
- Crecimiento en Incubador agitador orbital (Matraces erlenmeyers de 250 ml): Se inocula 90 ml de medio específico con 10 ml de cultivo en fase exponencial de crecimiento en un matraz erlenmeyer de 250 ml, una vez alcanzado el máximo de crecimiento se inoculan 10 matraces erlenmeyers al igual que en la etapa anterior obteniendo un volumen total de 1 L por etapa. Todo el proceso se realiza con material y medios estériles (121ºC, 20 min.) controlando la temperatura y revolución de agitación a 30ºC y 150 r.p.m.Growth in agitator incubator Orbital (250 ml Erlenmeyers flasks): 90 ml of medium is inoculated specific with 10 ml of culture in exponential phase of growth in a 250 ml erlenmeyer flask, once the maximum of growth are inoculated 10 erlenmeyers flasks as in the previous stage obtaining a total volume of 1 L per stage. All the process is carried out with sterile material and media (121ºC, 20 min.) controlling the temperature and stirring revolution at 30ºC and 150 r.p.m.
- b.b.
- Crecimiento en biorreactor (Biorreactores de 5 L): Se emplean 2 biorreactores inoculando cada uno de ellos con 0,5 L de la etapa anterior y 1,5 L de medio específico, una vez alcanzado el máximo de crecimiento se añaden 1,5 L sucesivamente hasta un volumen total de 5 L. Una vez finalizada esta etapa se dispone un volumen total de 10 L por etapa. El proceso se realiza con material y medios estériles (121ºC, 20 min.) a 150 r.p.m con aireación a 0,1 vvm. La especie Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans se ha de crecer mediante este procedimiento realizando tantos ciclos como sean necesarios.Growth in bioreactor (5 L bioreactors): 2 bioreactors are used inoculating each of them with 0.5 L of the previous stage and 1.5 L of specific medium, once reached the maximum of growth 1.5 L are added successively up to a total volume of 5 L. Once this stage is finished, a total volume of 10 L per stage is available. The process is carried out with sterile material and media (121 ° C, 20 min.) At 150 rpm with aeration at 0.1 vvm. The Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans species must be grown by this procedure by performing as many cycles as necessary.
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Non-Patent Citations (5)
| Title |
|---|
| AROCA, G. et al. Comparison on the removal of hydrogen sulfide in biotricking filters inoculated with Thiobacillus thioparus and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans. Electronic Journal of Biotechnology. 15.10.2007. Vol. 10, N$^{o}$ 4, páginas 514-520. ISSN 0717-3458. * |
| GABRIEL, D. et al. Conversion of full-scale wet scrubbers to biotrickling filters for H2S control at publicly owned treatment works. Journal of Environmental Engineering. Octubre, 2004. Vol. 130, N$^{o}$ 10, páginas 1110-1117. ISSN 0733-9372. <doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2004)130:10(1110)>. * |
| GABRIEL, D; DESHUSSES, M.A. Performance of a Full-Scale Biotrickling Filter Treating H2S at a Contact Time of 1.6 to 2.2 Seconds. Environmental Progress. Julio, 2003. Vol. 22, n$^{o}$ 2, páginas 111-118. ISSN 0278-4491. <doi: 10.1002/ep.670220213>. * |
| JENSEN, A.B. et al. Treatment of H2S-containing gases: A review of microbiological alternatives. Enzyme and Microbial Technology. Enero, 1995. Vol. 17, N$^{o}$ 1, páginas 2-10. ISSN 0141-0229. <doi:10.1016/0141-0229(94)00080-B>. * |
| SERCU, B. et al. Inoculation and start-up of a biotricking filter removing dimethyl sulfide. Chemical Engineering Journal. 20.10.2005. Vol. 113, N$^{o}$. 2-3, Sp. Iss.SI, páginas 127-134. ISSN 1385-8947. * |
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