ES2279655A1 - Mechanized system for constructing houses and buildings uses panels and slabs that include all technical installations of house in addition to metallic connectors and welded metallic mesh - Google Patents
Mechanized system for constructing houses and buildings uses panels and slabs that include all technical installations of house in addition to metallic connectors and welded metallic mesh Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- ES2279655A1 ES2279655A1 ES200401286A ES200401286A ES2279655A1 ES 2279655 A1 ES2279655 A1 ES 2279655A1 ES 200401286 A ES200401286 A ES 200401286A ES 200401286 A ES200401286 A ES 200401286A ES 2279655 A1 ES2279655 A1 ES 2279655A1
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- Spain
- Prior art keywords
- slabs
- panels
- house
- concrete
- building
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Links
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 title abstract 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009435 building construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004035 construction material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/02—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements
- E04B1/04—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements the elements consisting of concrete, e.g. reinforced concrete, or other stone-like material
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/02—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements
- E04B1/04—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements the elements consisting of concrete, e.g. reinforced concrete, or other stone-like material
- E04B1/043—Connections specially adapted therefor
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Conveying And Assembling Of Building Elements In Situ (AREA)
- Panels For Use In Building Construction (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Sistema mecanizado para la construcción de viviendas y edificios, mediante paneles y losas.Mechanized system for the construction of homes and buildings, through panels and slabs.
La invención se refiere a un sistema mecanizado para el sector de la construcción de viviendas y edificios mediante paneles y losas, ejecutadas principalmente en fábrica, cuyo principal objetivo es alcanzar la industrialización de la construcción para hacer más asequible la compra de una vivienda.The invention relates to a mechanized system for the housing and building construction sector through panels and slabs, executed mainly in factory, whose main objective is to achieve the industrialization of the construction to make buying a more affordable living place.
Actualmente, en la construcción de viviendas de forma tradicional, que es la mas usada, después de realizar la cimentación se encofra y desencofra para levantar los pilares, se colocan los bloques de hormigón uno a uno para formar las paredes exteriores e interiores, se vuelve a encofrar y desencofrar para obtener los techos y así sucesivamente. Este sistema tiene como inconveniente la lentitud en el trabajo, la generación de gran cantidad de residuos en la obra y el empleo elevado de mano de obra. Todo esto provoca que se incrementen los costos y plazos en la edificación.Currently, in the construction of housing traditional way, which is the most used, after performing the foundation forms and unclogs to lift the pillars, it put the concrete blocks one by one to form the walls exterior and interior, it is re-formed and unclogged to Get the roofs and so on. This system has as inconvenient slow work, the generation of great amount of waste on site and high employment of work. All this causes the costs and deadlines to increase in the edification.
Otros sistemas utilizados en la construcción de viviendas están basados en los perfiles metálicos, que constituyen la estructura de la edificación siendo necesarios perfiles de gran calibre, para soportar las cargas y diseños que requieren una compleja y alta mecanización en las fábricas; a continuación se colocan los bloques de hormigón manualmente para formar las paredes exteriores e interiores. Este sistema también es lento, genera gran cantidad de residuos y adicionalmente precisa la utilización de personal de alta cualificación, resultando el encarecimiento de la vivienda.Other systems used in the construction of homes are based on metal profiles, which constitute the structure of the building being necessary profiles of great caliber, to support loads and designs that require a complex and high mechanization in factories; then it place the concrete blocks manually to form the walls exterior and interior This system is also slow, it generates great amount of waste and additionally requires the use of highly qualified staff, resulting in the rising cost of living place.
Actualmente en la construcción de viviendas se utilizan limitadamente los avances que tiene el sector en cuanto a métodos constructivos se refiere, lo mismo sucede con la mecanización de los trabajos, que solamente se mejoran las operaciones manuales y la edificación de viviendas requiere, un vuelco en todo el proceso constructivo desde su diseño hasta la entrega de la llave.Currently in the construction of houses they use the advances that the sector has in terms of constructive methods refers, the same goes for the mechanization of work, which only improves the manual operations and housing construction requires, a I turn over the entire construction process from its design to the key delivery.
El problema técnico planteado en la construcción de viviendas, es la demora en la ejecución de las obras y la cantidad excesiva de mano de obra empleada, por ser un proceso productivo principalmente manual. Las empresas que se dedican a la fabricación de los materiales de construcción, emplean grandes recursos en la mecanización y automatización industrial para la producción de esos materiales, pero las empresas constructoras que se dedican al diseño y la ejecución de las obras no han avanzado lo mismo.The technical problem raised in construction of housing, is the delay in the execution of the works and the excessive amount of labor employed, as it is a process Productive mainly manual. The companies that are dedicated to the construction materials manufacturing, employ large resources in mechanization and industrial automation for production of those materials, but the construction companies that are dedicated to the design and execution of the works have not advanced what same.
El sistema que se propone con la invención viene a dar solución a los inconvenientes que refería anteriormente, ya que cuando se concluye la etapa inicial de cimentación de la edificación, se encuentran terminados y listos en fábrica los paneles y losas que conforman paredes, pisos o techos enteros, necesitando muy pocos elementos para conformar una vivienda y solo se trata de trasladarlos de la fábrica al emplazamiento de la obra y montarlos, lo que se realiza con gran rapidez generándose pocos residuos, menor utilización de personal en la obra y el ahorro de materiales de construcción, reduciéndose sustancialmente el costo y los plazos de ejecución. Las conducciones de las instalaciones eléctricas, comunicaciones, telefonía, agua, calefacción, aire acondicionado, cercos de ventanas y puertas van incorporados a los paneles de hormigón desde el momento de su elaboración en fábrica.The system proposed with the invention comes to solve the problems I referred to above, and that when the initial foundation stage of the building, are finished and ready in the factory panels and slabs that make up entire walls, floors or ceilings, needing very few elements to form a house and only it is about moving them from the factory to the construction site and assemble them, which is done very quickly generating few waste, less use of personnel in the work and the saving of building materials, substantially reducing the cost and The execution deadlines. The conduits of the facilities electrical, communications, telephony, water, heating, air conditioning, window fences and doors are incorporated into the concrete panels from the moment of their elaboration in factory.
El desarrollo del sistema que proponemos se ejecuta básicamente en fábrica, lo que permite la mecanización y automatización, consiguiendo que entre el 60 y 80% de los trabajos en la construcción de viviendas se realice en una industria, mejorando la eficacia, la calidad, el ahorro de materiales, la mano de obra y, sobre todo, las condiciones de trabajo y seguridad del personal de la construcción. Con lo cual se garantiza la reducción de tiempos y plazos en la ejecución de las viviendas o edificios.The development of the system we propose is basically runs at the factory, allowing mechanization and automation, getting between 60 and 80% of jobs in the construction of houses is carried out in an industry, improving efficiency, quality, material saving, hand of work and, above all, the working conditions and safety of Construction staff With which the reduction is guaranteed of times and deadlines in the execution of housing or buildings
El objetivo de la presente invención es solucionar la problemática de la construcción de viviendas y edificios. Las paredes y losas están diseñadas en diversas dimensiones y formas, permitiendo obtener diferentes soluciones de fachadas y de espacios interiores, logrando con pocos elementos completar una vivienda. Se pueden modificar dentro de determinados parámetros, conservando la esencia del sistema y lograr la versatilidad en las soluciones estéticas y espaciales que requieren las modernas construcciones.The objective of the present invention is solve the problem of housing construction and buildings The walls and slabs are designed in various dimensions and shapes, allowing to obtain different solutions of facades and interior spaces, achieving with few elements Complete a home They can be modified within certain parameters, preserving the essence of the system and achieving the versatility in the aesthetic and spatial solutions that require The modern buildings.
Figura 1, muestra en perspectiva un panel entero de hormigón armado, con el que se conforman las paredes de las viviendas del edificio.Figure 1 shows an entire panel in perspective of reinforced concrete, with which the walls of the building dwellings.
Figura 2, muestra en perspectiva una losa entera de hormigón armado, con la que se conforman los pisos y techos de la vivienda o edificio.Figure 2, shows in perspective a whole slab of reinforced concrete, with which the floors and ceilings of The house or building.
Figuras 3 y 4, muestran en detalle algunas de las posiciones en que se colocan los conectores metálicos, para la unión entre las paredes y losas.Figures 3 and 4, show in detail some of the positions where the metal connectors are placed, for the union between the walls and slabs.
Figura 5, muestra en perspectiva el montaje de las losas de piso, que forma parte de la solera de cimentación.Figure 5, shows in perspective the assembly of the floor slabs, which is part of the foundation slab.
Figura 6, muestra en perspectiva el proceso de montaje de los paneles de pared y losas en un edificio.Figure 6, shows in perspective the process of assembly of wall panels and slabs in a building.
Figura 7, muestra en perspectiva el edificio completamente montado.Figure 7, shows in perspective the building fully assembled
La figura 1, muestra en perspectiva un panel entero de hormigón armado con el que se conforman las paredes de las viviendas del edificio. Para mayor claridad se presenta una porción de la parte exterior y otra de la parte interior, con los conectores metálicos (1), la malla metálica soldada de redondo de acero corrugado (2) dispuesta en ambos sentidos con el diámetro adecuado a la función a realizar, la cavidad (3) situada en el lugar necesario para ejecutar las conexiones de las instalaciones, las conducciones (4) con sus cajas de electricidad, de comunicaciones, de telefonía, de agua, de calefacción y de aire acondicionado, los cercos de carpintería (5), que según el caso serán de madera, aluminio u otros y los ganchos de redondo de acero (6) para el transporte y montaje.Figure 1 shows in perspective a panel reinforced concrete whole with which the walls of the houses of the building. For clarity a portion of the outer part and another of the inner part, with the metal connectors (1), the welded metal mesh of round corrugated steel (2) arranged in both directions with the diameter appropriate to the function to be performed, the cavity (3) located in the necessary place to execute the connections of the facilities, the conduits (4) with their electrical boxes, of communications, telephone, water, heating and air conditioning, the frames of carpentry (5), which according to the case they will be made of wood, aluminum or others and the steel round hooks (6) for transport and assembly.
La figura 2, muestra una losa (8) de hormigón armado, con la que se conforman los pisos y techos de la vivienda o edificio. Al igual que en la figura 1 se presenta una porción de la parte exterior y otra de la parte interior con la malla metálica (2).Figure 2 shows a concrete slab (8) armed, with which the floors and ceilings of the house are conformed or building. As in Figure 1, a portion of the outer part and another of the inner part with the metal mesh (2).
En las figuras 3 y 4, se detalla la forma como se enfrentan los conectores y algunas de las posiciones en que se colocan los conectores metálicos (1) para alcanzar la fijación entre los paneles de pared (7) y las losas (8), así como la placa metálica (9) y el redondo de acero corrugado (10) que conforman el conector metálico (1).In figures 3 and 4, the form is detailed as the connectors face and some of the positions in which they place the metal connectors (1) to reach the fixing between the wall panels (7) and the slabs (8), as well as the plate metallic (9) and the round corrugated steel (10) that make up the metal connector (1).
Según el diseño que seleccionemos se dispondrá de diferentes tamaños de losas y paneles. Se determina el presupuesto así como los elementos a fabricar, definiendo los distintos moldes metálicos, módulos de electricidad, de comunicaciones, de telefonía, de agua, de calefacción, de aire acondicionado, de cercos de puertas, de cercos de ventanas, de conectores metálicos y de mallas de redondos de acero corrugado. A continuación se puede comenzar en la fábrica la elaboración y preparación de todos los elementos de hormigón y componentes, de acuerdo con el diseño seleccionado.Depending on the design we select, it will be available of different sizes of slabs and panels. The budget as well as the elements to be manufactured, defining the different metal molds, electricity modules, of communications, telephone, water, heating, air conditioning, door fences, window fences, Metal and round mesh corrugated steel connectors. TO Then you can start the manufacturing process and preparation of all concrete elements and components, of According to the selected design.
Sobre la cimentación de la vivienda o edificio, que dependerá del tipo de suelo, y formando parte de ella se colocan las losas de piso (8) que forman la solera (ver figura 5), donde se asienta la vivienda o edificio, unidas solidariamente por medio de soldaduras entre los conectores metálicos (1) para la rigidez del edificio. En esta etapa se tienen en cuenta todas las tuberías hidráulicas, sanitarias y conductores eléctricos que componen la red principal de éstos sistemas. A continuación se inicia el montaje y nivelación de los paneles de pared (7), tanto las paredes exteriores como las interiores soportan las cargas del edificio. Seguidamente se montan las losas. La unión entre los paneles de pared y las losas se ejecuta también a través de la soldadura entre los conectores metálicos (1) de las mismas, que están constituidos por una placa de acero (9) y un redondo de acero corrugado (10) doblado en forma de U y totalmente embebido en la losa de hormigón. Por la parte curva del redondo de acero soldamos la placa de acero que quedará también embebida en el hormigón, pero con la particularidad que la cara de la placa de acero opuesta a la soldadura, queda coplanaria con la superficie de la losa o panel (figuras 3 y 4). Para el movimiento dentro de la fábrica, traslado a la obra y montaje los paneles y losas cuentan con ganchos de redondos de acero (6), embebidos parcialmente en el hormigón y sobresaliendo la parte curva en una cavidad para introducir el gancho de la grúa torre, que será utilizada en todas las operaciones de la obra. El transporte de los paneles y losas desde la fábrica al emplazamiento de la obra, se realiza en remolques según la secuencia de montaje, para lograr el mínimo tiempo de almacenamiento en la obra y utilizar la menor área.On the foundation of the house or building, which will depend on the type of soil, and being part of it place the floor slabs (8) that form the floor (see figure 5), where the house or building sits, united in solidarity by welding means between the metal connectors (1) for the building stiffness In this stage all the hydraulic, sanitary pipes and electrical conductors that They make up the main network of these systems. Then you Starts the assembly and leveling of the wall panels (7), both the outer and inner walls support the loads of the building. Then the slabs are mounted. The union between wall panels and slabs also runs through the welding between the metal connectors (1) thereof, which they consist of a steel plate (9) and a round steel corrugated (10) folded in a U-shape and fully embedded in the concrete slab. For the curved part of the steel round we weld the steel plate that will also be embedded in the concrete, but with the particularity that the face of the steel plate opposite the welding, is coplanar with the surface of the slab or panel (Figures 3 and 4). For movement inside the factory, transfer to the work and assembly the panels and slabs have hooks of round steel (6), partially embedded in the concrete and protruding the curved part in a cavity to introduce the tower crane hook, which will be used in all operations of the work. The transport of panels and slabs from the factory at the construction site is carried out in trailers according to the assembly sequence, to achieve the minimum time of storage on site and use the smallest area.
El proceso de montaje se muestra en la figura 6, donde se señalan los paneles de pared (7) y losas (8), pudiéndose observar las grandes dimensiones que tienen y los pocos elementos que requiere cada vivienda, así como la secuencia de montaje de estos elementos de hormigón, la figura 7 muestra el edificio concluido dando paso a las terminaciones de obra.The assembly process is shown in Figure 6, where the wall panels (7) and slabs (8) are indicated, being able to observe the large dimensions they have and the few elements that each home requires, as well as the assembly sequence of these concrete elements, figure 7 shows the building concluded giving way to the completion of work.
Claims (3)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES200401286A ES2279655B1 (en) | 2004-05-13 | 2004-05-13 | MECHANIZED SYSTEM FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF HOUSES AND BUILDINGS, BY PANELS AND Slabs. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES200401286A ES2279655B1 (en) | 2004-05-13 | 2004-05-13 | MECHANIZED SYSTEM FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF HOUSES AND BUILDINGS, BY PANELS AND Slabs. |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ES2279655A1 true ES2279655A1 (en) | 2007-08-16 |
| ES2279655B1 ES2279655B1 (en) | 2008-07-16 |
Family
ID=38468475
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES200401286A Expired - Fee Related ES2279655B1 (en) | 2004-05-13 | 2004-05-13 | MECHANIZED SYSTEM FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF HOUSES AND BUILDINGS, BY PANELS AND Slabs. |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| ES (1) | ES2279655B1 (en) |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB381062A (en) * | 1929-02-03 | 1932-09-29 | Heinrich Laroche | Improvements in buildings prepared from fabricated elements |
| FR1272716A (en) * | 1960-10-21 | 1961-09-29 | Siemens Ag | Large building plate with the height of a storey for prefabricated houses |
| US3747287A (en) * | 1971-05-04 | 1973-07-24 | E Finger | Modular building construction |
| US3851428A (en) * | 1973-01-19 | 1974-12-03 | B Shuart | Building panel connection means and method |
| DE2431424A1 (en) * | 1974-06-29 | 1976-01-15 | Kesting Interprefab Ag | Open-sided reinforced-concrete garage or room cell - on prefabricated hardened base with abutments for connecting-anchors |
| ES296835U (en) * | 1985-01-25 | 1988-05-01 | Osterbrink Heinrich | Panel-shaped reinforced-concrete construction element. |
-
2004
- 2004-05-13 ES ES200401286A patent/ES2279655B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB381062A (en) * | 1929-02-03 | 1932-09-29 | Heinrich Laroche | Improvements in buildings prepared from fabricated elements |
| FR1272716A (en) * | 1960-10-21 | 1961-09-29 | Siemens Ag | Large building plate with the height of a storey for prefabricated houses |
| US3747287A (en) * | 1971-05-04 | 1973-07-24 | E Finger | Modular building construction |
| US3851428A (en) * | 1973-01-19 | 1974-12-03 | B Shuart | Building panel connection means and method |
| DE2431424A1 (en) * | 1974-06-29 | 1976-01-15 | Kesting Interprefab Ag | Open-sided reinforced-concrete garage or room cell - on prefabricated hardened base with abutments for connecting-anchors |
| ES296835U (en) * | 1985-01-25 | 1988-05-01 | Osterbrink Heinrich | Panel-shaped reinforced-concrete construction element. |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ES2279655B1 (en) | 2008-07-16 |
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