ES2257930B1 - FINE THICK PIECE AND LARGE COMPOSITE FORMAT WITH SIDE VIEW OF NATURAL STONE AND PORCELAIN SHEET AND MANUFACTURING PROCEDURE. - Google Patents

FINE THICK PIECE AND LARGE COMPOSITE FORMAT WITH SIDE VIEW OF NATURAL STONE AND PORCELAIN SHEET AND MANUFACTURING PROCEDURE. Download PDF

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Publication number
ES2257930B1
ES2257930B1 ES200402042A ES200402042A ES2257930B1 ES 2257930 B1 ES2257930 B1 ES 2257930B1 ES 200402042 A ES200402042 A ES 200402042A ES 200402042 A ES200402042 A ES 200402042A ES 2257930 B1 ES2257930 B1 ES 2257930B1
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Prior art keywords
porcelain
piece
natural stone
thickness
sheet
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ES2257930A1 (en
Inventor
Juan Jose Segura Pastor
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Marmoles Visemar S L U
MARMOLES VISEMAR SLU
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Marmoles Visemar S L U
MARMOLES VISEMAR SLU
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Priority to ES200402042A priority Critical patent/ES2257930B1/en
Priority to ITTO20050576 priority patent/ITTO20050576A1/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28D—WORKING STONE OR STONE-LIKE MATERIALS
    • B28D1/00—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28D—WORKING STONE OR STONE-LIKE MATERIALS
    • B28D1/00—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor
    • B28D1/005—Cutting sheet laminae in planes between faces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
    • C04B35/62605—Treating the starting powders individually or as mixtures
    • C04B35/6269—Curing of mixtures
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
    • C04B35/63—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
    • C04B35/632—Organic additives
    • C04B35/634—Polymers
    • C04B35/63448—Polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C04B35/63452—Polyepoxides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B37/00—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating
    • C04B37/008—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating by means of an interlayer consisting of an organic adhesive, e.g. phenol resin or pitch
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
    • E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
    • E04F13/14—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements stone or stone-like materials, e.g. ceramics concrete; of glass or with an outer layer of stone or stone-like materials or glass
    • E04F13/144—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements stone or stone-like materials, e.g. ceramics concrete; of glass or with an outer layer of stone or stone-like materials or glass with an outer layer of marble or other natural stone
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/30—Composition of layers of ceramic laminates or of ceramic or metallic articles to be joined by heating, e.g. Si substrates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/30—Composition of layers of ceramic laminates or of ceramic or metallic articles to be joined by heating, e.g. Si substrates
    • C04B2237/32—Ceramic
    • C04B2237/34—Oxidic
    • C04B2237/341—Silica or silicates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/50—Processing aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to the joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/66—Forming laminates or joined articles showing high dimensional accuracy, e.g. indicated by the warpage
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/50—Processing aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to the joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/70—Forming laminates or joined articles comprising layers of a specific, unusual thickness

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)

Abstract

Procedimiento de fabricación de una pieza compuesta de una cara vista de piedra natural de fino espesor y gran formato adherida a una lámina de soporte porcelánica que ofrece unas características excepcionales de refuerzo y rigidización, estando la placa soporte porcelánica dotada de una composición particular para su adaptación a las características físicas de la placa de piedra natural. La pieza de fino espesor y gran formato tiene especial aplicación en todos aquellos sectores en los que el empleo de piedra natural de fino espesor y gran formato sea común, principalmente con carácter decorativo y en fachadas ventiladas.Manufacturing process of a piece composed of a face face of natural stone of fine thickness and large format adhered to a porcelain support sheet that offers exceptional reinforcement and stiffening characteristics, the porcelain support plate provided with a particular composition for adaptation to the physical characteristics of the natural stone slab. The piece of fine thickness and large format has special application in all those sectors in which the use of natural stone of fine thickness and large format is common, mainly with decorative character and in ventilated facades.

Description

Pieza de fino espesor y gran formato compuesta con cara vista de piedra natural y lámina de porcelánico y procedimiento de fabricación.Piece of thin thickness and large composite format with face view of natural stone and porcelain sheet and manufacturing procedure

Objeto de la invenciónObject of the invention

La presente invención consiste en una pieza compuesta de una cara vista de piedra natural de fino espesor y gran formato adherida a una lámina de soporte porcelánica que ofrece unas características excepcionales de refuerzo y rigidización, estando la placa soporte porcelánica dotada de una composición particular para su adaptación a las características físicas de la placa de piedra natural.The present invention consists of a piece composed of a face view of natural stone of fine thickness and large format adhered to a porcelain support sheet that offers exceptional reinforcement characteristics and stiffening, the porcelain support plate provided with a particular composition for adaptation to the characteristics Natural stone plate physics.

La presente invención también consiste en un procedimiento de fabricación de las piezas de fino espesor y gran formato anteriormente descritas en el que la unión entre la placa de piedra natural y la placa porcelánica se efectúa mediante apilado y curado del adhesivo existente entre ambas.The present invention also consists of a manufacturing process for the pieces of thin and large thickness format described above in which the junction between the plate of natural stone and the porcelain plate is made by stacking and curing of the existing adhesive between both.

La pieza de fino espesor y gran formato compuesta con cara vista de piedra natural de la presente invención tiene especial aplicación en todos aquellos sectores en los que el empleo de piedra natural de fino espesor y gran formato sea común, principalmente con carácter decorativo y en fachadas ventiladas.The piece of fine thickness and large format Composed with natural stone exposed face of the present invention It has special application in all those sectors in which the use of natural stone of fine thickness and large format is common, mainly with decorative character and on facades ventilated

Descripción del estado de la técnicaDescription of the state of the art

En el Estado de la Técnica es conocido el empleo de placas de diferentes materiales unidas a planchas o losas de piedra natural para conseguir un material más ligero, rígido y barato, al sustituir parte de la piedra por otros materiales que evitan la rotura del mineral debido a su fragilidad. Con el objetivo de conseguir láminas delgadas de piedra natural, que conllevan un aprovechamiento del material y un menor coste, y que son posteriormente adheridas a una superficie de soporte, se somete al conjunto de piedra natural y placa soporte a procedimientos de corte de los que se obtienen esas delgadas placas de piedra natural con placa de refuerzo.In the State of the Art the employment is known of plates of different materials attached to plates or slabs of natural stone to achieve a lighter, more rigid and cheap, by replacing part of the stone with other materials that prevent the breakage of the mineral due to its fragility. With the goal of getting thin sheets of natural stone, which entail a use of the material and a lower cost, and that are subsequently adhered to a support surface, it is subjected to the set of natural stone and plate support procedures cut from which those thin slabs of natural stone are obtained With reinforcement plate.

En la patente americana US 3,723,233, solicitada por P.T.Bourke y otros, se expone un procedimiento consistente en adherir una lámina de 2-5 mm. de piedra natural, concretamente mármol, a una placa metálica, preferiblemente con estructura de panel de abeja, y un grosor entre 1 y 2 cm. Otro método de obtención de losas de piedra natural reforzadas puede observarse en la patente americana US 3,950,202, solicitada por W. Hodges, donde las losas son soportadas por una plancha de panel de abeja adherida. Como material de soporte, además de los mencionados se puede utilizar fibra de madera, construcciones celulares de fibras de vidrio y asbestos e incluso derivados del cemento Portland.In US Patent 3,723,233, requested by P.T. Bourke and others, a procedure consisting of adhere a 2-5 mm sheet. of natural stone, specifically marble, to a metal plate, preferably with Bee panel structure, and a thickness between 1 and 2 cm. Other method of obtaining reinforced natural stone slabs can observed in US Patent 3,950,202, requested by W. Hodges, where the slabs are supported by a panel iron adhered bee. As a support material, in addition to those mentioned you can use wood fiber, cell constructions of glass fibers and asbestos and even cement derivatives Portland

La viabilidad del procedimiento de fabricación y la resistencia de piezas de fino espesor y gran formato compuestas con cara vista de piedra natural radica principalmente en la correcta composición del material soporte de refuerzo cuyas características estructurales deben ser muy parejas a las de la piedra natural y reaccionar de forma similar desde un punto de vista físico y químico ante las circunstancias del entorno, especialmente cuando se trata de grandes formatos y finos espesores. Pueden ser varios los materiales empleados como soporte de la placa de piedra natural, siendo descrito en diferentes solicitudes de patente el uso de materiales de fibra, EP0252434, Leis, o el uso de poliuretano, EP255795, Rigas.The feasibility of the manufacturing process and the resistance of pieces of thin thickness and large format composites with a face view of natural stone lies mainly in the correct composition of the reinforcement support material whose structural characteristics must be very similar to those of the natural stone and react similarly from a point of view physical and chemical in the circumstances of the environment, especially when it comes to large formats and fine thicknesses. They may be several materials used as support for the stone plate natural, the use being described in different patent applications of fiber materials, EP0252434, Leis, or the use of polyurethane, EP255795, Rigas.

En la patente española P200001078, de la que también es inventor Juan José Segura, se describe más ampliamente el Estado de la Técnica indicado y se aporta como solución el uso de fibrocemento. Esta solución supone una mejora considerable frente a los sistemas utilizados y descritos anteriormente, pero quiebra cuando se trata de grandes superficies y finos espesores porque la dilatación de los materiales utilizados cuando se producen alteraciones de humedad y, especialmente con el transcurso del tiempo, acaban alabeando e, incluso, fracturando la piedra de gran formato. Además, en la citada patente, para lograr la adhesión de la piedra, exige que se introduzca embebida una malla de fibra de vidrio entre ambas láminas (fibrocemento y piedra) con la finalidad de retener el material adhesivo. Este método se supera en la actual invención porque las características de la porcelana y su dimensión son suficientes para alcanzar una óptima unión sin que tampoco sea necesario introducir elementos de sujeción adicionales como gotas o cordones de cola instantánea que evitan el deslizamiento de las placas, y por ende, su desajuste. Por tanto, un objetivo de la presente solicitud es obtener una lámina porcelánica de soporte de la placa de piedra natural cuya composición es adecuada para el refuerzo de las láminas de piedra natural debido a su especial composición y características físicas que impiden los movimientos del conjunto que pudieran ocasionarse debido a las posibles dilataciones derivadas de la temperatura y humedad. Este aumento de estabilidad de conjunto nos permite elaborar piezas de piedra natural de fino espesor de grandes formatos y gran durabilidad a los que no pueden llegar las soluciones aportadas hasta ahora en el estado de la técnica descrito y que son de gran utilidad para panelar grandes superficies como fachadas de edifi-
cios.In Spanish patent P200001078, of which Juan José Segura is also an inventor, the indicated State of the Art is described more fully and the use of fiber cement is provided as a solution. This solution represents a considerable improvement over the systems used and described above, but it goes bankrupt when it comes to large surfaces and fine thicknesses because the dilation of the materials used when moisture changes occur and, especially over time, end up warping and even fracturing the large format stone. In addition, in the said patent, to achieve the adhesion of the stone, it requires that a fiberglass mesh be inserted embedded between both sheets (fiber cement and stone) in order to retain the adhesive material. This method is overcome in the present invention because the characteristics of the porcelain and its dimension are sufficient to achieve an optimal bonding without the need to introduce additional fasteners such as drops or cords of instant glue that prevent the sliding of the plates, and Therefore, its mismatch. Therefore, an objective of the present application is to obtain a porcelain sheet supporting the natural stone plate whose composition is suitable for the reinforcement of the natural stone sheets due to its special composition and physical characteristics that prevent the movements of the assembly they could be caused due to the possible dilations derived from the temperature and humidity. This increase in overall stability allows us to produce pieces of natural stone of fine thickness of large formats and great durability that can not reach the solutions provided so far in the state of the art described and that are very useful for paneling large surfaces as building facades
cios.

Otro objetivo de la presente invención es aportar mejoras a los procedimientos de fabricación empleados hasta la fecha en la obtención de piezas de fino espesor y gran formato compuestas con cara vista de piedra natural mediante la introducción de nuevos materiales y la combinación o alteración de fases en el procedimiento empleado.Another objective of the present invention is provide improvements to the manufacturing procedures used up to the date in obtaining pieces of fine thickness and large format composed with natural stone face facing through the introduction of new materials and the combination or alteration of phases in the procedure used.

Descripción Description

Los objetivos mencionados anteriormente se consiguen, de acuerdo a la presente invención, empleando para la configuración de la pieza de fino espesor y gran formato con cara vista de piedra natural, una lámina de soporte porcelánica constituida por una plancha ligera de reducido grosor cuya finalidad es dar tenacidad a la placa de piedra natural. El problema descrito anteriormente se ha resuelto conforme a la invención planteando y probando distintos elementos y medios para conseguir anular el movimiento de humidificación mediante un soporte de una absorción de humedad inferior a 0,4%.The objectives mentioned above are they get, according to the present invention, using for the configuration of the piece of fine thickness and large format with face view of natural stone, a porcelain support sheet constituted by a light plate of reduced thickness whose purpose  It is to give tenacity to the natural stone plate. The problem described  previously it has been resolved according to the invention by raising and testing different elements and means to get override the humidification movement by means of an absorption support of humidity less than 0.4%.

En el estado de la técnica se conocen soportes de bizcocho cerámico con absorciones de humedad mucho mayores y revestimientos de porcelánico pero no tienen el tamaño, la planeidad, ni el grosor apropiado.In the state of the art supports are known of ceramic cake with much greater moisture absorptions and Porcelain coatings but do not have the size, the flatness, nor the appropriate thickness.

La lámina de soporte porcelánico está constituida por una plancha ligera de aproximadamente 3,2 mm de grosor y de 3000 mm de largo por 1000 mm de ancho, compuesta por una mezcla de materiales altamente seleccionados como arcillas y feldespatos cocidos en un horno eléctrico por encima de los 1200ºC. y con una absorción de humedad de 0.07%, una dureza Mohs de 8 y un porcentaje de curvatura máximo de 0.009%.The porcelain support sheet is constituted by a light plate of approximately 3.2 mm of thick and 3000 mm long by 1000 mm wide, consisting of a mixture of highly selected materials such as clays and feldspars cooked in an electric oven above 1200ºC. and with a moisture absorption of 0.07%, a Mohs hardness of 8 and a Maximum curvature percentage of 0.009%.

La pieza de fino espesor y gran formato compuesta está formada, como se mencionó anteriormente, por una lámina de soporte porcelánico y una placa de piedra natural, adheridas entre si por una resina epoxidica bicomponente.The piece of fine thickness and large format compound is formed, as mentioned above, by a porcelain support sheet and a natural stone plate, adhered together by a two-component epoxy resin.

La lámina de piedra natural, que se refuerza con las láminas porcelánicas, se obtiene de una tabla estándar de 20 mm de grosor de mármol de las diferentes calidades del mercado. Esta es una característica del presente procedimiento ya que se trata de utilizar los productos semielaborados que ya existen como estándares en el mundo de la piedra natural. Estos productos suelen consistir en unas piezas de 20 mm de grueso de piedra natural maciza que se obtienen del corte a partir de un bloque de piedra natural con las máquinas de aserrar (llamadas telares) habituales en el sector de la piedra natural. Partiendo de estas tablas de 20 mm. Se realiza el siguiente procedimien-
to:The natural stone sheet, which is reinforced with porcelain sheets, is obtained from a standard 20 mm thick marble table of different market qualities. This is a characteristic of this procedure since it is about using semi-finished products that already exist as standards in the world of natural stone. These products usually consist of 20 mm thick pieces of solid natural stone that are obtained from the cut from a block of natural stone with the usual sawing machines (called looms) in the natural stone sector. Starting from these 20 mm boards. The following procedure is performed
to:

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Limpieza y secado tanto de las láminas de porcelánico como de las tablas de piedra natural.Cleaning and drying both of the sheets Porcelain like natural stone boards.

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unión firme por medio de adhesivo y compresión de una lámina de soporte porcelánico de aproximadamente 3,2 mm de espesor a cada una de las caras de dicha tabla estándar de unos 2 cm de espesor formando un módulo con una placa de piedra natural emparedada entre dos capas de porcelánico;Union firm by means of adhesive and compression of a backing sheet Porcelain of approximately 3.2 mm thick at each of the faces of said standard table about 2 cm thick forming a module with a natural stone plate sandwiched between two layers of porcelain;

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Mantenimiento de dichos módulos apilados para el curado de la resina por compresión y temperatura. corte de los citados módulos en dos, por un plano medio de la piedra natural emparedada, para obtener dos piezas de fino espesor y gran formato bicompuestas (piedra y soporte porcelánico), yMaintenance of said stacked modules for resin curing by compression and temperature. court of the aforementioned modules in two, for an average plane of natural stone sandwich, to obtain two pieces of fine thickness and large format bicomposed (stone and porcelain support), and

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refilado y pulido de la cara vista de piedra natural resultante.refined and polished face view of resulting natural stone.

Al superponer la lámina de soporte sobre la placa de piedra natural no se da un movimiento relativo entre ambas placas porque la superficie de contacto es amplia y la fricción entre las mismas evita su deslizamiento.By superimposing the support sheet on the Natural stone plate does not give a relative movement between the two plates because the contact surface is wide and friction between them prevents slippage.

La separación entre cada uno de los módulos se realizará mediante una lámina de plástico no adherente que evitará que, si hay un exceso de adhesivo y este es expulsado del modulo por presión, se pueda depositar entre los demás módulos apilados adhiriéndose unos a otros como un todo.The separation between each of the modules is made using a non-stick plastic sheet that will prevent that, if there is an excess of adhesive and this is expelled from the module by pressure, can be deposited between the other stacked modules adhering to each other as a whole.

Tanto el manejo de las tablas de mármol como el de las láminas de porcelánico se realizará mediante grúa giratoria con ventosas de gran superficie ya que el peso de los materiales es muy elevado.Both the handling of the marble boards and the Porcelain sheets will be made by rotating crane with large surface suction cups since the weight of the materials is very high.

La fase de adhesión se realizará sobre unas vagonetas en posición horizontal de manera que permita su transporte posterior mediante puente grúa o carretilla mecánica.The adhesion phase will take place on some wagons in a horizontal position so as to allow your rear transport by crane bridge or truck mechanics.

Estas vagonetas que soporten el paquete de módulos deben disponerse para su curado en el lugar adecuado, preferiblemente a temperatura y humedad controladas.These wagons that support the package of modules must be arranged for curing in the right place, preferably at controlled temperature and humidity.

Tras el curado del adhesivo, se continua el procedimiento de fabricación mediante el corte de las placas de piedra natural de un módulo en dos por un plano medio, obteniendo dos piezas de fino espesor y gran formato compuestas, tras lo que se procede al refilado y pulido de la cara vista de cada pieza de fino espesor y gran formato.After cure of the adhesive, the manufacturing process by cutting the plates natural stone of a module in two by a medium plane, obtaining two pieces of thin thickness and large format composed, after which refining and polishing the face of each piece of Thick thickness and large format.

Descripción de las figurasDescription of the figures

Para facilitar la comprensión de la invención, pieza de fino espesor y gran formato compuesta con cara vista de piedra natural y procedimiento de fabricación, se adjuntan 2 figuras en la presente solicitud de patente cuya finalidad es la mejor comprensión de los fundamentos en que se basa la invención que nos ocupa y el mejor entendimiento de la descripción de una forma preferente de realización teniendo en cuenta que el carácter de las figuras es ilustrativo y no limitativo.To facilitate understanding of the invention, piece of thin thickness and large composite format with face view of Natural stone and manufacturing procedure, attached 2 figures in this patent application whose purpose is the better understanding of the fundamentals on which the invention is based that concerns us and the best understanding of the description of a preferred embodiment considering that the character of the figures is illustrative and not limiting.

Figura 1, El proceso de pegado, secado y desdoblado posterior para la obtención de las piezas de fino espesor y gran formato. Lámina de porcelánico (1), tabla de piedra natural (2), y Pieza de fino espesor y gran formato bicompuesta (3).Figure 1, The process of gluing, drying and back split for obtaining the fine pieces thickness and large format. Porcelain sheet (1), stone table natural (2), and piece of fine thickness and large two-component format (3).

Figura 2, muestra una pila de módulos, porcelánico-mármol-porcelánico, en la que se observa la lámina de plástico no adherente. Lámina de porcelánico (4), tabla de piedra natural (5), y lámina de plástico antiadherente (6).Figure 2 shows a stack of modules, porcelain-marble-porcelain, in which is the non-adherent plastic sheet. Sheet of Porcelain (4), natural stone table (5), and plastic sheet non-stick (6).

Descripción de una forma preferente de realizaciónDescription of a preferred embodiment

La presente invención se comprende mejor a partir de la siguiente descripción detallada que muestra las principales características de la pieza de fino espesor y gran formato compuesta con cara vista de piedra natural y su procedimiento de fabricación.The present invention is better understood by from the following detailed description showing the main features of the piece of fine thickness and great composite format with natural stone face view and its manufacturing procedure

Los materiales a emplear son:The materials to be used are:

\bullet?
Lámina de soporte porcelánica compuesta de materiales altamente seleccionados como arcillas y feldespatos cocidos en un horno eléctrico por encima de los 1200ºC. Con las siguientes características:Porcelain Support Sheet composed of highly selected materials such as clays and feldspars cooked in an electric oven above 1200ºC. With the following characteristics:

\circ\ circ
De 3 a 3,2 mm de grosor.From 3 to 3.2 mm thick.

\circ\ circ
3000 mm de largo.3000 mm long.

\circ\ circ
1000 mm de ancho.1000 mm wide

\circ\ circ
Absorción de humedad de 0.07%.Moisture Absorption of 0.07%

\circ\ circ
Dureza Mohs de 8.Mohs hardness of 8.

\circ\ circ
Porcentaje de curvatura máximo de 0.009%.Maximum curvature percentage of 0.009%

\bullet?
Tabla estándar de piedra natural maciza del tipo mármol, caliza, travertino, arenisca, calcarenita o similares de unos 20 mm de espesor cuyo tamaño suele oscilar entre 2200 y 3000 mm de largo por 1200 y 1600 mm de alto.Standard natural stone table solid marble, limestone, travertine, sandstone, calcarenite or similar about 20 mm thick whose size usually ranges from 2200 and 3000 mm long by 1200 and 1600 mm high.

El material obtenido es:The material obtained is:

\bullet?
Una pieza de fino espesor y gran formato con una cara de piedra natural con las siguientes características.A piece of fine thickness and great format with a natural stone face with the following features.

\circ\ circ
Total estabilidad en cualquier formato a las deformaciones por humedad.Total stability in any format to moisture deformations.

\circ\ circ
Gran estabilidad con cualquier formato a las deformaciones por temperatura.Great stability with any format to deformations by temperature.

\circ\ circ
Dureza Mohs en la cara vista entre 2 y 3 (según el mármol a utilizar).Mohs hardness in the face seen between 2 and 3 (depending on the marble to use).

\circ\ circ
Absorción de humedad inferior a 0,07%.Moisture absorption less than 0.07%

\circ\ circ
Absorción de humedad en la cara vista entre 0,4 y 2% (según el mármol a utilizar).Moisture absorption in the face view between 0.4 and 2% (depending on the marble to be used).

\circ\ circ
Espesor total de la pieza 9 mm. (aproximadamente 3 mm de la lámina de porcelánico y 6 mm de piedra natural).Total thickness of the piece 9 mm. (approximately 3 mm of the porcelain sheet and 6 mm of stone natural).

\circ\ circ
Tamaño final en función de las necesidades y como límite el de la lámina de porcelánico y la tabla de mármol.Final size depending on the needs and as a limit that of the porcelain sheet and the table Of marble.

El procedimiento para la fabricación de piezas de fino espesor y gran formato compuestas con cara vista de mármol se lleva a cabo en las siguientes fases:The procedure for manufacturing parts thin and large format composed with marble face It is carried out in the following phases:

--
Limpieza y secado de la tabla de mármol de 20 mm de espesor y de las láminas de porcelánico de 3,2 mm de espesor;Cleaning and drying the marble table 20 mm thick and 3.2 mm porcelain sheets thickness;

--
unión firme por medio de adhesivo de una tabla de mármol con dos láminas de porcelánico en posición horizontal repartiendo el adhesivo uniformemente mediante máquina de mezcla exterior para resinas bicomponentes del tipo epoxidico;Union firm by means of adhesive of a marble board with two sheets of porcelain tile in horizontal position distributing the adhesive evenly by external mixing machine for resins bicomponents of the epoxy type;

--
colocación de la lámina de plástico antiadherente sobre el módulo;plastic sheet placement non-stick on the module;

--
realización de los pasos anteriores con una nueva tabla de mármol apilando los módulos (entre 10 y 12 unidades) uno sobre otro separados por el plástico antiadherente;performing the above steps with a new marble table stacking the modules (between 10 and 12 units) one above the other separated by the plastic nonstick;

--
desplazamiento de las vagonetas hacia su lugar de polimerización y curado, que oscilara entre 2 horas a 70ºC y 24 horas a 20ºC; corte de los módulos formados por porcelánico-mármol-porcelánico en las medidas dimensionales requeridas en los discos de corte denominados Disco Puente;displacement of the wagons towards its place of polymerization and curing, which will range between 2 hours at 70 ° C and 24 hours at 20 ° C; cutting of the modules formed by porcelain-marble-porcelain in the dimensional measurements required on the cutting discs called Disco Bridge;

--
corte posterior de los módulos redimensionados en dos, por un plano medio con las máquinas denominadas Desdobladoras, para obtener dos piezas de fino espesor y gran formato compuestas por una cara visible de piedra natural y otra posterior de porcelánico; ycut back of the modules resized in two, by a medium plane with machines called splitters, to obtain two pieces thin and large format composed of a visible face of natural stone and other porcelain stone; Y

--
refilado y pulido de la cara vista de piedra natural resultante,refined and polished face view of resulting natural stone,

Claims (18)

1. Pieza de fino espesor y gran formato compuesta con cara vista de piedra natural, del tipo que comprende una placa de piedra natural de aproximadamente 6 mm de espesor firmemente unida por un adhesivo epoxidico a una lámina porcelánica de soporte de refuerzo y rigidización, caracterizada porque la pieza resultante es de medidas superiores a 1.5 m^{2} con un espesor aproximado de 9 mm y porque la lámina de soporte está constituida por una plancha de porcelánico de aproximadamente 3,2 mm de espesor compuesta por materiales como la arcilla y feldespatos cocidos en horno eléctrico a más de 1200ºC.1. A piece of fine thickness and large format composed with a natural stone face, of the type comprising a natural stone plate approximately 6 mm thick, firmly bonded by an epoxy adhesive to a stiffening and stiffening support porcelain sheet, characterized because the resulting piece is of measures greater than 1.5 m2 with an approximate thickness of 9 mm and because the support sheet is constituted by a porcelain plate of approximately 3.2 mm thickness composed of materials such as clay and feldspars cooked in an electric oven at more than 1200ºC. 2. Pieza de fino espesor y gran formato compuesta, según la reivindicación 1, caracterizada porque la composición de dicha lámina porcelánica de soporte cumple esencialmente las siguientes especificaciones:2. A piece of fine thickness and large composite format according to claim 1, characterized in that the composition of said support porcelain sheet essentially meets the following specifications:
\circ\ circ
De 3 a 3,2 mm de grosor.From 3 to 3.2 mm thick.
\circ\ circ
3000 mm de largo.3000 mm long.
\circ\ circ
1000 mm de ancho .1000 mm wide
\circ\ circ
Absorción de humedad de 0.07%.Moisture Absorption of 0.07%
\circ\ circ
Dureza Mohs de 8.Mohs hardness of 8.
\circ\ circ
Porcentaje de curvatura máximo de 0.009%.Maximum curvature percentage of 0.009%
3. Pieza de fino espesor y gran formato compuesta, según la reivindicación 2, caracterizada porque la lámina de porcelánico está perfectamente prensada, es plana y uniforme en toda su superficie.3. A piece of fine thickness and large composite format, according to claim 2, characterized in that the porcelain sheet is perfectly pressed, is flat and uniform throughout its surface. 4. Pieza de fino espesor y gran formato compuesta, según la reivindicación 2, caracterizada porque la lámina de porcelánico no tiene dilataciones apreciables a la humedad.4. A piece of fine thickness and a large composite format according to claim 2, characterized in that the porcelain sheet has no appreciable moisture expansions. 5. Pieza de fino espesor y gran formato compuesta, según la reivindicación 2, caracterizada porque la lámina de porcelánico no tiene dilataciones apreciables a la temperatura.5. A piece of fine thickness and a large composite format, according to claim 2, characterized in that the porcelain sheet has no appreciable temperature expansion. 6. Pieza de fino espesor y gran formato compuesta, según la reivindicación 1, caracterizada porque la absorción de humedad es inferior a 0,2%.6. A piece of thin thickness and large composite format according to claim 1, characterized in that the moisture absorption is less than 0.2%. 7. Pieza de fino espesor y gran formato compuesta, según la reivindicación 2, caracterizada porque la cocción de la lámina de porcelánico es a una temperatura superior a 1200ºC y uniforme en toda su superficie.7. A piece of thin thickness and large composite format, according to claim 2, characterized in that the cooking of the porcelain sheet is at a temperature greater than 1200 ° C and uniform throughout its surface. 8. Pieza de fino espesor y gran formato compuesta, según la reivindicación 1, caracterizada porque la pieza de piedra natural visible es, esencialmente, de 6 mm de espesor.8. A piece of fine thickness and large composite format according to claim 1, characterized in that the piece of visible natural stone is essentially 6 mm thick. 9. Pieza de fino espesor y gran formato compuesta, según la reivindicación 8, caracterizada porque la pieza de piedra natural visible surge al desdoblar o seccionar la tabla estándar de piedra natural de 20 mm de espesor.9. A piece of fine thickness and a large composite format, according to claim 8, characterized in that the piece of visible natural stone arises when the standard 20 mm thick natural stone table is split or sectioned. 10. Pieza de fino espesor y gran formato compuesta, según la reivindicación 9, caracterizada porque puede obtenerse a partir de tablas de 20 mm, que constituyen el formato más habitual de producto semielaborado en el sector de la piedra natural.10. A piece of fine thickness and a large composite format according to claim 9, characterized in that it can be obtained from 20 mm boards, which constitute the most common semi-finished product format in the natural stone sector. 11. Pieza de fino espesor y gran formato compuesta, según la reivindicación 2, caracterizada porque la lámina porcelánica de soporte utilizada es de baja absorción y, en todo caso, inferior a 0,4%.11. A piece of fine thickness and large composite format according to claim 2, characterized in that the porcelain support sheet used is of low absorption and, in any case, less than 0.4%. 12. Pieza de fino espesor y gran formato compuesta, según la reivindicación 11, caracterizada porque el tamaño de la lámina de porcelánico es superior a 1.5 m^{2}, absolutamente especial y fuera del estándar del resto de la cerámica porcelánica.12. A piece of fine thickness and large composite format according to claim 11, characterized in that the size of the porcelain sheet is greater than 1.5 m2, absolutely special and outside the standard of the rest of the porcelain ceramic. 13. Pieza de fino espesor y gran formato compuesta, según la reivindicación 11, caracterizada porque el espesor de la lámina de porcelánico es inferior a 4 mm, absolutamente especial y fuera del estándar del resto de la cerámica porcelánica.13. A piece of fine thickness and large composite format according to claim 11, characterized in that the thickness of the porcelain sheet is less than 4 mm, absolutely special and outside the standard of the rest of the porcelain ceramic. 14. Pieza de fino espesor y gran formato compuesta, según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizada porque el movimiento de: humidificación de la pieza de fino espesor y gran formato es inferior a 0.03%.14. Piece of thin thickness and large composite format, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the movement of: humidifying the piece of thin thickness and large format is less than 0.03%. 15. Pieza de fino espesor y gran formato compuesta, según la reivindicación 1, caracterizada porque el adhesivo para unir la lámina porcelánica de soporte a la placa de piedra natural es un adhesivo sintético del tipo de resina epoxídica de dos componentes.15. A piece of fine thickness and large composite format according to claim 1, characterized in that the adhesive for joining the porcelain support sheet to the natural stone plate is a synthetic adhesive of the two component epoxy resin type. 16. Procedimiento para la fabricación de piezas de fino espesor y gran formato compuestas de una placa de piedra natural de esencialmente 6 mm de espesor firmemente unida por un adhesivo a una lámina porcelánica de soporte en funciones de refuerzo y rigidización, cuyo procedimiento de fabricación está caracterizado por comprender las siguientes fases:16. Procedure for the manufacture of pieces of fine thickness and large format composed of a natural stone plate of essentially 6 mm thick firmly bonded by an adhesive to a support porcelain sheet in functions of reinforcement and stiffening, whose manufacturing procedure is characterized by understanding the following phases:
a)to)
Limpieza y secado de la tabla de mármol de aproximadamente 20 mm de espesor y de las láminas de porcelánico de esencialmente 3,2 mm de espesor;Cleaning and drying the marble table approximately 20 mm thick and porcelain sheets essentially 3.2 mm thick;
b)b)
unión firme por medio de adhesivo de una tabla de mármol con dos láminas de porcelánico en posición horizontal repartiendo el adhesivo uniformemente mediante máquina de mezcla exterior para resinas bicomponentes del tipo epoxídico;Union firm by means of adhesive of a marble board with two sheets of porcelain tile in horizontal position distributing the adhesive evenly by external mixing machine for resins bicomponents of the epoxy type;
c)C)
colocación de la lámina de plástico antiadherente sobre el módulo;plastic sheet placement non-stick on the module;
d)d)
realización de los pasos anteriores con una nueva tabla de mármol apilando los módulos (entre 10 y 12 unidades) uno sobre otro separados por el plástico antiadherente;performing the previous steps with a new marble table stacking the modules (between 10 and 12 units) one above the other separated by the plastic nonstick;
e)and)
desplazamiento de las vagonetas hacia su lugar de polimerización y curado, que oscilara entre 2 horas a 70ºC y 24 horas a 20ºC;travel of the wagons towards its place of polymerization and curing, which will range from 2 hours to 70 ° C and 24 hours at 20 ° C;
f)F)
corte de los módulos formados por porcelánico-mármol-porcelánico en las medidas dimensionales requeridas en los disco de corte denominados Disco Puente;cut of the modules formed by porcelain-marble-porcelain in the dimensional measurements required on the cutting discs called Disco Bridge;
g)g)
corte posterior de los módulos redimensionados en dos, por un plano medio con las máquinas denominadas Desdobladoras, para obtener dos piezas de fino espesor y gran formato compuestas por una cara visible de piedra natural y otra posterior de porcelánico; ycut back of the modules resized in two, by a medium plane with machines called splitters, to obtain two pieces thin and large format composed of a visible face of natural stone and other porcelain stone; Y
h)h)
refilado y pulido de la cara vista de piedra natural resultante,refined and polished face view of resulting natural stone,
17. Procedimiento, según la reivindicación 16, caracterizado porque la etapa b) de unión entre una capa de porcelánico, la placa de piedra natural y una capa de porcelánico se realiza mediante el apilado de dichos módulos y compresión del conjunto, formando pilas de módulos de porcelánico-piedra natural-porcelánico, de manera que dicha pila de módulos comprende: una placa inferior de porcelánico, una tabla de piedra natural sobre la anterior, una placa superior de porcelánico sobre la tabla de piedra natural, con adhesivo entre ellas y encima un plástico antiadherente sobre el cual se coloca la placa inferior de porcelánico del módulo adyacente, repitiéndose esta organización tantas veces como sea necesario.17. Method according to claim 16, characterized in that step b) of joining between a porcelain layer, the natural stone plate and a porcelain layer is performed by stacking said modules and compressing the assembly, forming module stacks of porcelain-natural-porcelain stone, so that said stack of modules comprises: a lower porcelain plate, a natural stone table on the previous one, a superior porcelain plate on the natural stone table, with adhesive between them and on top a non-stick plastic on which the lower porcelain plate of the adjacent module is placed, repeating this organization as many times as necessary. 18. Procedimiento, según las reivindicaciones 16 y 17, caracterizado porque los módulos apilados y compuestos por porcelánico-piedra-porcelánico están separados entre sí por un plástico antiadherente que evita el pegado de los módulos.18. Method according to claims 16 and 17, characterized in that the stacked modules and composed of porcelain-stone-porcelain are separated from each other by a non-stick plastic that prevents sticking of the modules.
ES200402042A 2004-08-17 2004-08-17 FINE THICK PIECE AND LARGE COMPOSITE FORMAT WITH SIDE VIEW OF NATURAL STONE AND PORCELAIN SHEET AND MANUFACTURING PROCEDURE. Expired - Fee Related ES2257930B1 (en)

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ITTO20050576 ITTO20050576A1 (en) 2004-08-17 2005-08-12 COMPOSITE PIECE OF THIN THICKNESS AND LARGE SURFACE INCLUDING A VIEW OF NATURAL STONE AND A PORCELAIN SHEET AND MANUFACTURING PROCEDURE

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ES2157157B1 (en) * 1999-04-29 2002-04-16 Uralita Productos Y Servicios PROCEDURE FOR THE OBTAINING AND REINFORCEMENT OF NATURAL STONE SHEETS OF SMALL THICKNESS.
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