ES2114531T3 - Inhibicion de la transformacion de celulas que tienen una actividad enzimatica elevada del metabolismo de purinas. - Google Patents

Inhibicion de la transformacion de celulas que tienen una actividad enzimatica elevada del metabolismo de purinas.

Info

Publication number
ES2114531T3
ES2114531T3 ES90904105T ES90904105T ES2114531T3 ES 2114531 T3 ES2114531 T3 ES 2114531T3 ES 90904105 T ES90904105 T ES 90904105T ES 90904105 T ES90904105 T ES 90904105T ES 2114531 T3 ES2114531 T3 ES 2114531T3
Authority
ES
Spain
Prior art keywords
cells
transformation
metabolism
purinas
inhibition
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
ES90904105T
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Rima Kaddurah-Daouk
Ghaleb Daouk
Paul R Schimmel
Robert Kingston
James W Lillie
Michael Green
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
General Hospital Corp
Amira Inc
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Harvard University
Original Assignee
General Hospital Corp
Amira Inc
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Harvard University
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by General Hospital Corp, Amira Inc, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Harvard University filed Critical General Hospital Corp
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of ES2114531T3 publication Critical patent/ES2114531T3/es
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12NMICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N15/00Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
    • C12N15/09Recombinant DNA-technology
    • C12N15/11DNA or RNA fragments; Modified forms thereof; Non-coding nucleic acids having a biological activity
    • C12N15/113Non-coding nucleic acids modulating the expression of genes, e.g. antisense oligonucleotides; Antisense DNA or RNA; Triplex- forming oligonucleotides; Catalytic nucleic acids, e.g. ribozymes; Nucleic acids used in co-suppression or gene silencing
    • C12N15/1137Non-coding nucleic acids modulating the expression of genes, e.g. antisense oligonucleotides; Antisense DNA or RNA; Triplex- forming oligonucleotides; Catalytic nucleic acids, e.g. ribozymes; Nucleic acids used in co-suppression or gene silencing against enzymes
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/185Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
    • A61K31/19Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid
    • A61K31/195Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having an amino group
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/41Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
    • A61K31/4151,2-Diazoles
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/495Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
    • A61K31/505Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/66Phosphorus compounds
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/12Antivirals
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00Antineoplastic agents
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07KPEPTIDES
    • C07K14/00Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K14/82Translation products from oncogenes
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12NMICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N9/00Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
    • C12N9/10Transferases (2.)
    • C12N9/12Transferases (2.) transferring phosphorus containing groups, e.g. kinases (2.7)
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12NMICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N9/00Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
    • C12N9/10Transferases (2.)
    • C12N9/12Transferases (2.) transferring phosphorus containing groups, e.g. kinases (2.7)
    • C12N9/1223Phosphotransferases with a nitrogenous group as acceptor (2.7.3)
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12QMEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
    • C12Q1/00Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
    • C12Q1/48Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving transferase
    • C12Q1/50Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving transferase involving creatine phosphokinase
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12YENZYMES
    • C12Y207/00Transferases transferring phosphorus-containing groups (2.7)
    • C12Y207/01Phosphotransferases with an alcohol group as acceptor (2.7.1)
    • C12Y207/0102Adenosine kinase (2.7.1.20)
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12YENZYMES
    • C12Y207/00Transferases transferring phosphorus-containing groups (2.7)
    • C12Y207/03Phosphotransferases with a nitrogenous group as acceptor (2.7.3)
    • C12Y207/03002Creatine kinase (2.7.3.2)
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12YENZYMES
    • C12Y207/00Transferases transferring phosphorus-containing groups (2.7)
    • C12Y207/04Phosphotransferases with a phosphate group as acceptor (2.7.4)
    • C12Y207/04003Adenylate kinase (2.7.4.3)
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12YENZYMES
    • C12Y406/00Phosphorus-oxygen lyases (4.6)
    • C12Y406/01Phosphorus-oxygen lyases (4.6.1)
    • C12Y406/01001Aodenylate cyclase (4.6.1.1)
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/53Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
    • G01N33/573Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor for enzymes or isoenzymes
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/53Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
    • G01N33/574Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor for cancer
    • G01N33/57484Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor for cancer involving compounds serving as markers for tumor, cancer, neoplasia, e.g. cellular determinants, receptors, heat shock/stress proteins, A-protein, oligosaccharides, metabolites
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K38/00Medicinal preparations containing peptides
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K48/00Medicinal preparations containing genetic material which is inserted into cells of the living body to treat genetic diseases; Gene therapy
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2333/00Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature
    • G01N2333/005Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature from viruses
    • G01N2333/01DNA viruses

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
  • Oncology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Cell Biology (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Virology (AREA)
  • Communicable Diseases (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)

Abstract

METODO DE INHIBICION DE LA TASA DE CRECIMIENTO, TRANSFORMACION O METASTASIS DE LAS CELULAS MAMARIAS ESPECIALMENTE EN CELULAS EPITERIALES DONDE LA ACTIVIDAD DE AL MENOS UNA ENZIMA, PARTICIPA EN EL METABOLISMO DE LA PURINA Y REGULACION DE LOS NIVELES DE NUCLEOTIDO ES ELEVADO. EN PARTICULAR SE DESARROLLA UN METODO QUE INHIBE LA TRANSFORMACION DE LAS CELULAS MAMARIAS POR UN TUMOR VIRICO DNA UN FACTOR DNA DE TUMORES VIRICOS U OTRO FACTOR QUE SOSTENGA IDENTICOS EFECTOS CELULARES.
ES90904105T 1989-02-14 1990-02-14 Inhibicion de la transformacion de celulas que tienen una actividad enzimatica elevada del metabolismo de purinas. Expired - Lifetime ES2114531T3 (es)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US31077389A 1989-02-14 1989-02-14
US34496389A 1989-04-28 1989-04-28
US46714790A 1990-01-18 1990-01-18

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
ES2114531T3 true ES2114531T3 (es) 1998-06-01

Family

ID=27405474

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
ES90904105T Expired - Lifetime ES2114531T3 (es) 1989-02-14 1990-02-14 Inhibicion de la transformacion de celulas que tienen una actividad enzimatica elevada del metabolismo de purinas.

Country Status (9)

Country Link
EP (2) EP0758681A3 (es)
JP (1) JP2953535B2 (es)
AT (1) ATE161188T1 (es)
AU (4) AU646799B2 (es)
CA (1) CA2046607C (es)
DE (1) DE69031830T2 (es)
DK (1) DK0458901T3 (es)
ES (1) ES2114531T3 (es)
WO (1) WO1990009192A1 (es)

Families Citing this family (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5321030A (en) * 1989-02-14 1994-06-14 Amira, Inc. Creatine analogs having antiviral activity
US5324731A (en) * 1989-02-14 1994-06-28 Amira, Inc. Method of inhibiting transformation of cells in which purine metabolic enzyme activity is elevated
DE69535104T2 (de) 1994-11-08 2007-02-08 Avicena Group, Inc., Cambridge Verwendung von kreatin oder kreatinanologen zur behandlung von huntington chorea, morbus parkinson und amyotrophen lateralsklerose
EP0854712B1 (en) * 1995-10-11 2003-05-07 Avicena Group, Inc. Use of creatine analogues for the treatment of disorders of glucose metabolism
US5998457A (en) * 1995-10-26 1999-12-07 Avicena Group, Inc. Creatine analogues for treatment of obesity
WO1997039119A1 (en) 1996-04-15 1997-10-23 Vanderbilt University Mammalian genes involved in viral infection and tumor suppression
US6777177B1 (en) 1997-10-10 2004-08-17 Vanderbilt University Mammalian genes involved in viral infection and tumor suppression
WO1999019481A2 (en) * 1997-10-10 1999-04-22 Vanderbilt University Mammalian genes involved in viral infection and tumor suppression
WO1999000122A1 (de) * 1997-06-25 1999-01-07 Ipr-Institute For Pharmaceutical Research Ag Verfahren zur reduktion des körpergewichtes
WO1999063064A1 (en) * 1998-06-03 1999-12-09 American Cyanamid Company Novel methods for rescue of rna viruses
US6242491B1 (en) 1999-06-25 2001-06-05 Rima Kaddurah-Daouk Use of creatine or creatine compounds for skin preservation
US6444695B1 (en) 2000-09-21 2002-09-03 The Regents Of The University Of California Inhibition of thrombin-induced platelet aggregation by creatine kinase inhibitors
US7683043B2 (en) 2006-06-06 2010-03-23 Xenoport, Inc. Creatine phosphate analog prodrugs, compositions and uses thereof
US9233099B2 (en) 2012-01-11 2016-01-12 University Of Cincinnati Methods of treating cognitive dysfunction by modulating brain energy metabolism
US10308597B2 (en) 2014-04-30 2019-06-04 Rgenix, Inc. Inhibitors of creatine transport and uses thereof

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE161188T1 (de) 1998-01-15
DE69031830T2 (de) 1998-09-24
AU5196990A (en) 1990-09-05
EP0758681A3 (en) 1997-06-04
AU1650395A (en) 1995-06-29
CA2046607A1 (en) 1990-08-15
DE69031830D1 (de) 1998-01-29
AU646799B2 (en) 1994-03-10
CA2046607C (en) 2002-04-16
EP0458901B1 (en) 1997-12-17
EP0458901A1 (en) 1991-12-04
EP0758681A2 (en) 1997-02-19
AU6192198A (en) 1998-06-11
JPH04506058A (ja) 1992-10-22
AU7287794A (en) 1994-11-24
DK0458901T3 (da) 1998-08-31
JP2953535B2 (ja) 1999-09-27
WO1990009192A1 (en) 1990-08-23

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
ES2114531T3 (es) Inhibicion de la transformacion de celulas que tienen una actividad enzimatica elevada del metabolismo de purinas.
WO1992008456A3 (en) Method of inhibiting transformation, growth and metastasis of cells in which purine metabolic enzyme activity is elevated
DK0675951T3 (da) Enzym med endoglucanaseaktivitet
AR245776A1 (es) Metodo para la modificacion de las caracteristicas de expresion de un gen endogeno de un microorganismo o una linea celular determinada.
EP0288163A3 (en) Oligodeoxynucleotides as inhibitors of the replication of retroviruses and the expression of oncogenes
BR9904449A (pt) Processo para o preparo de ácido pantotênico através de amplificação de sequências de nucleotìdeos, as quais codificam a redutase de cetopantoato
BR9805900B1 (pt) processo para integrar um fragmento de dna no genoma de uma célula de uma planta manocotiledÈnea.
ATE482267T1 (de) Tierzellen und verfahren für die replikation von influenza viren
ES2097781T3 (es) Metodo y composicion para la determinacion de iones cloruro en fluidos.
ATE521356T1 (de) Kohlehydraten oder 2'-modifizierten oligonukleotiden mit alternierenden internukleoside-bindungen
ATE104699T1 (de) Hervorrufung physischer veraenderungen in pflanzen durch verwendung von negativstrangigen rnas.
ATE238434T1 (de) Eine in kaskaden verlaufende vervielfältigungsreaktion von nukleinsäuren
EP1918368A3 (en) Enzyme stabilization by cationic surfactants
BR0003943A (pt) Sequências de nucleotìdeo que codificam para o gene thre e processo para a produção enzimática de l-treonina usando bactérias corineforma
CA2028553A1 (en) Method employing type ii endoglycosidase
GB1230032A (es)
ES2056790T3 (es) Ensayo para determinar la predisposicion o susceptibilidad a enfermedades asociadas con dna.
BR9811014A (pt) "região concentrada reguladora de gene especìfica para semente precoce"
UA39958C2 (uk) Нуклеїнова кислота, яка при експресії в рослині або в рослинній клітині призводить до збільшення вмісту трегалози, спосіб одержання рослини з підвищеною здатністю до продукування трегалози, рекомбінантна геномна днк рослини, штам e.coli, спосіб збереження рослини, спосіб одержання трегалози.
ES2079442T3 (es) Oxidacion enzimatica mejorada de cef c a acido glutaril-7-amino-cefalosporanico.
EP0682121A4 (en) METHOD FOR AMPLIFYING AND DETECTING A NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE USING THERMOSTABLE ENZYMES.
AU634575B2 (en) Rna with endoribonuclease activity for mrna of ripening genes, the preparation thereof and the use thereof in plants
BR9304873A (pt) Método para aperfeiçoar um processo enzimático, utilizando pelo menos uma enzima que apresenta atividade pectinase.
CO4440441A1 (es) Enzima dextranasa, metodo para su produccion y adn que la codifica
BR9903603A (pt) Processo para produzir um produto fermentativo utilizando um microorganismo, e, microorganismo

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
FG2A Definitive protection

Ref document number: 458901

Country of ref document: ES