EP4390295A1 - Wärmetauscher mit längswand und doppelbetriebsverfahren dafür - Google Patents

Wärmetauscher mit längswand und doppelbetriebsverfahren dafür Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4390295A1
EP4390295A1 EP23020451.3A EP23020451A EP4390295A1 EP 4390295 A1 EP4390295 A1 EP 4390295A1 EP 23020451 A EP23020451 A EP 23020451A EP 4390295 A1 EP4390295 A1 EP 4390295A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
shell
tube
heat exchanger
fluid
heat
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EP23020451.3A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Giovanni MANENTI
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Individual
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Individual
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/16—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/16—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation
    • F28D7/1607—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation with particular pattern of flow of the heat exchange media, e.g. change of flow direction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/22—Arrangements for directing heat-exchange media into successive compartments, e.g. arrangements of guide plates
    • F28F2009/222—Particular guide plates, baffles or deflectors, e.g. having particular orientation relative to an elongated casing or conduit
    • F28F2009/224—Longitudinal partitions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/22—Arrangements for directing heat-exchange media into successive compartments, e.g. arrangements of guide plates
    • F28F2009/222—Particular guide plates, baffles or deflectors, e.g. having particular orientation relative to an elongated casing or conduit
    • F28F2009/226—Transversal partitions

Definitions

  • the present invention refers to a shell-and-tube heat exchanger, substantially with cylindrical geometry. More specifically, the present invention refers to a heat exchanger with straight exchanging tubes and two tube-sheets.
  • the heat exchanger object of the present invention realizes an indirect and counter-current heat exchange between the tube-side fluid and the shell-side fluid, and is characterized by a number of shell-side passes higher than the number of tube-side passes.
  • Heat exchangers for treating heavy hydrocarbons to produce gasoline, sulfur condensers installed in Claus plants and transfer-line heat exchangers installed on hydrocarbons cracking furnaces for ethylene production are examples of heat exchangers where the tube-side process fluid is fouled and presents a possible two-phase regime, and where inlet and outlet temperatures on shell-side are comparable to those on tube-side (possible temperatures cross).
  • a purpose of the present invention is to provide a new heat exchanger configuration that simultaneously exhibits the mentioned features.
  • Another purpose of the present invention is to provide a heat exchanger, along with its operating method, able to work in dual mode and, specifically, as a boiler and as a boiler feedwater preheater.
  • a heat exchanger can be installed on hydrocarbons cracking furnaces (ethylene production).
  • the patent document No. CN202692763 which represents the prior-art document closest to the present invention, describes a shell-and-tube heat exchanger with straight tubes, two tube-sheets and longitudinal baffles designed to flow the shell-side fluid according to several passes across the shell. In other words, the longitudinal baffles separate the shell into several zones.
  • the patent document No. CN202692763 clearly describes that:
  • the present invention therefore intends to provide a heat exchanger where the longitudinal baffles have a constrained end and a free end, and where at least one shell-side zone delimited by the longitudinal baffles is not crossed by the tube-bundle.
  • the present invention also intends to provide a heat exchanger where the longitudinal baffles are cylindrical, forming an annular shell-side zone not crossed by the tube-bundle.
  • the heat exchanger object of the present invention is configured to achieve an indirect heat exchange between the tube-side fluid and the shell-side fluid as follows:
  • the heat exchanger object of the present invention is configured to achieve an indirect heat exchange between the tube-side fluid and the shell-side fluid as follows:
  • the heat exchanger comprises at least a pair of longitudinal baffles installed in the shell delimiting at least one shell-side zone not crossed by the tube-bundle.
  • the longitudinal baffles covered by this invention may correspond to sheets of plane or cylindrical shape;
  • the tube-layout basically corresponds to circular segments, whereas in the second case the tube-layout presents a central circular zone and an outer crown, i.e. a substantially axial-symmetric tube-layout.
  • the longitudinal baffles object of the present invention have one end connected to a tube-sheet and the other end free and open to allow the passage of the shell-side fluid.
  • the free end also has the important function to:
  • the heat exchanger object of the present invention offers superior thermo-mechanical performance as the axial-symmetrical tube-layout of the exchanging tubes allows eliminating the shear stresses in the tube-sheet due to temperature differences that arise in the tube-sheet.
  • the present invention also discloses a heat exchanger configuration that can be used in dual mode, i.e. in a first mode according to which the shell-side fluid mainly exchanges sensible heat and in a second mode according to which the shell-side fluid mainly exchanges latent heat.
  • the heat exchanger object of the present invention works according to the first mode as a heater or cooler of the shell-side fluid, and according to the second mode as a boiler or vaporizer of the shell-side fluid.
  • the present invention discloses a transfer-line heat exchanger installed on hydrocarbons cracking furnaces for the production of ethylene capable of working in dual mode, i.e. as a boiler feedwater preheater with forced circulation on shell-side and as a boiler with natural or assisted circulation on shell-side.
  • the heat exchanger operating according to a dual mode can also be used as a process gas boiler/cooler installed downstream of chemical reactors.
  • the present invention therefore, also describes the operating method for operating the heat exchanger disclosed here according to a dual mode.
  • Fig.1 schematically shows the longitudinal and lateral view of the heat exchanger (1a) according to a preferred configuration of the present invention.
  • the heat exchanger (1a) shown in Fig.1 has a substantially cylindrical geometry and is of shell-and-tube type.
  • the heat exchanger (1a) comprises straight exchanging tubes (3), extended along the longitudinal axis (12) of the heat exchanger (1a), with ends connected to bores of a first and a second tube-sheet (4,5).
  • the heat exchanger (1a) also comprises a shell (2) enveloping the tube-bundle and connected to the two tube-sheets (4,5), a first tube-side distributor (6) connected to the first tube-sheet (4) on the side opposite the tube-bundle, a second tube-side distributor (7) connected to the second tube-sheet (5) on the side opposite the tube-bundle, tube-side inlet and outlet connections (10,11) installed respectively on the first and second distributor (6,7), shell-side inlet and outlet connections (8,9) installed on the shell (2) near the second (5) and the first (4) tube-sheet respectively.
  • the distributors (6,7) and the heat exchanging tubes (3) are each other in fluid communication.
  • the heat exchanger (1a) of Fig.1 also comprises two longitudinal baffles (13,14), of substantially cylindrical geometry, installed in the shell (2).
  • the cylindrical longitudinal baffles (13,14) extend along the longitudinal axis (12) of the heat exchanger (1a); preferably, the cylindrical longitudinal baffles (13,14) extend almost the entire length of the exchanging tubes (3).
  • the cylindrical longitudinal baffles (13,14) are arranged concentrically relative to each other and the shell (2).
  • the first cylindrical longitudinal baffle (13) is innermost, has the first end (15) connected to the second tube-sheet (5) and the second end (16) open and free, i.e. not connected to the first tube-sheet (4).
  • the second cylindrical longitudinal baffle (14) is outermost, having the first end (17) connected to the first tube-sheet (4) and the second end (18) open and free, i.e. not connected to the second tube-sheet (5).
  • the cylindrical longitudinal baffles (13,14) are installed in the shell (2) in such a way that adjacent baffles have the open and free ends longitudinally opposite.
  • the longitudinal cylindrical baffles (13,14) delimit the shell (2) in three substantially concentric zones ( 19 , 20 , 21 ) and, specifically, in a first heat exchanging zone ( 19 ) delimited by the first longitudinal baffle (13) and crossed by a first portion of the tube-bundle, in a conveying zone (20 ) essentially annular in shape and delimited by the two longitudinal cylindrical baffles (13,14) and not crossed by the tube-bundle, and in a second heat exchanging zone ( 21 ) delimited by the second longitudinal baffle (14) and the shell (2) and crossed by a second portion of the tube-bundle.
  • first and second heat exchanging zones ( 19 , 21 ) diaphragms or transversal baffles are installed (22,23) to realize a tortuous shell-side flow path and to support the exchanging tubes (3); preferably, the transversal baffles (22,23) are of disc-doughnut type.
  • the first heat exchanging zone ( 19 ) is in fluid communication with the inlet shell-side connection (8) and with the conveying zone ( 20 ) at the open and free end (16) of the first cylindrical longitudinal baffle (13).
  • the first heat exchanging zone ( 19 ) and the conveying zone ( 20 ) are in fluid communication because the first cylindrical longitudinal baffle (13) is detached from the first tube-sheet (4).
  • the second heat exchanging zone ( 21 ) communicates with the outlet shell-side connection (9) and with the conveying zone ( 20 ) at the open and free end (18) of the second cylindrical longitudinal baffle (14).
  • the second heat exchanging zone ( 21 ) and the conveying zone ( 20 ) are in fluid communication because the second cylindrical longitudinal baffle (14) is detached from the second tube-sheet (5).
  • the first and second cylindrical longitudinal baffle (13,14) are connected respectively to the second and first tube-sheet (4,5) in a substantially tight manner.
  • the shell-side fluid (F1) is introduced into the first heat exchanging zone ( 19 ), near the second tube-sheet (5), through the inlet shell-side connection (8).
  • the shell-side fluid (F1) flows towards the first tube-sheet (4) through the first heat exchanging zone ( 19 ) indirectly exchanging heat with the tube-side fluid (F2), arrives at the open and free end (16) of the first cylindrical longitudinal baffle (13) and enters the conveying zone ( 20 ).
  • the shell-side fluid (F1) flows towards the second tube-sheet (5) through the conveying zone ( 20 ) without exchanging heat with the tube-side fluid (F2), arrives at the open and free end (18) of the second cylindrical longitudinal baffle (14) and enters the second heat exchanging zone ( 21 ) and flows towards the first tube-sheet (4) through the second heat exchanging zone (21) indirectly exchanging heat with the tube-side fluid (F2).
  • the shell-side fluid (F1) is extracted from the second heat exchanging zone ( 21 ), near the first tube-sheet (4), by means of the shell-side outlet connection (9).
  • the tube-side fluid (F2) is fed into the heat exchanger (1a) via the inlet tube-side connection (10) and is extracted from the heat exchanger (1a) via the outlet tube-side connection (11).
  • the tube-side fluid (F2) is distributed in the exchanging tubes (3) through the first distributor (6), flows from the first tube-sheet (4) to the second tube-sheet (5) inside the exchanging tubes (3) indirectly exchanging heat with the shell-side fluid (F1), and is collected from the exchanging tubes (3) through the second distributor (7).
  • Fig.2 shows the sectional view (X-X') of the heat exchanger (1a) shown in Fig.1 .
  • the tube-layout of the exchanging tubes (3) is axial-symmetrical.
  • the central circular zone of the tube-bundle corresponds to the first heat exchanging zone ( 19 ) and is surrounded by an annular space without exchanging tubes (3) corresponding to the conveying zone ( 20 ), while the peripheral zone of the tube-bundle, comparable to a circular crown, corresponds to the second heat exchanging zone ( 21 ).
  • the inlet shell-side connection (8) is provided with an internal duct (35) joining the connection to the first cylindrical longitudinal baffle (13).
  • the internal duct (35) does not intersect the second cylindrical longitudinal baffle (14); in other words, the second cylindrical longitudinal baffle (14) has the open and free second end (18) shaped or positioned at a distance from the second tube-sheet (5) in such a way that it is not intersected by the internal duct (35).
  • the heat exchanger (1a) object of the present invention is characterized by the fact that:
  • Fig.3 schematically shows the longitudinal and lateral view of the heat exchanger (1b) according to a preferred configuration of the present invention.
  • the heat exchanger (1b) of Fig.3 is structurally equivalent to that of Fig. 1 except for the longitudinal baffles, the tube-layout and the transversal baffles of the tube-bundle; in other words, the elements and construction details, and their numbering, of the heat exchanger (1b) shown in Fig.3 are equivalent to those of the heat exchanger (1a) shown in Fig. 1 , except for longitudinal baffles, tube-layout and transversal baffles. Therefore, for convenience, the description of the heat exchanger (1b) of Fig.3 is partially omitted.
  • the heat exchanger (1b) of Fig.3 comprises two pairs of longitudinal baffles (24a,25a,24b,25b), of substantially plane geometry, installed in the shell (2).
  • the plane longitudinal baffles (24a,25a,24b,25b) extend along the longitudinal axis (12) of the heat exchanger (1b); preferably, the plane longitudinal baffles (24a,25a,24b,25B) extend almost the entire length of the exchanging tubes (3).
  • the plane longitudinal baffles (24a,25a,24b,25b) are arranged parallel to each other.
  • the first and third plane longitudinal baffle (24a,24b) have the first end (26) connected to the second tube-sheet (5) and the second end (27) free and open.
  • the second and fourth plane longitudinal baffle (25a,25b) have the first end (28) connected to the first tube-sheet (4) and the second end (29) free and open.
  • the plane longitudinal baffles (24a,25a,24b,25b) are installed in the shell (2) so that the adjacent baffles have the free ends longitudinally opposite.
  • the plane longitudinal baffles (24a,25a,24b,25b) delimit the shell (2) into five zones ( 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 ) adjacent to each other and, specifically, in a first, a second and a third heat exchanging zone ( 30 , 32 , 34 ) and in a first and a second conveying zone ( 31 , 33 ).
  • the heat exchanging zones ( 30 , 32 , 34 ) and the conveying zones ( 31 , 33 ) alternate so that two adjacent heat exchanging zones ( 30 , 32 , 34 ) are separated from each other by a conveying zone ( 31 , 33 ).
  • the three_heat exchanging zones ( 30 , 32 , 34 ) are crossed by portions of the tube-bundle and therefore are place of heat exchange between the shell-side fluid (F1) and the tube-side fluid (F2), whereas the conveying zones ( 31 , 33 ) are not crossed by the exchanging tubes (3) and therefore are not place of heat exchange.
  • the transversal baffles (38) are of single- or double-segment type.
  • the first heat exchanging zone ( 30 ) is in fluid communication with the inlet shell-side connection (8), located near the second tube-sheet (5), and with the first conveying zone ( 31 ) at the free end (27) of the first plane longitudinal baffle (24a).
  • the second heat exchanging zone ( 32 ) is in fluid communication with the first conveying zone ( 31 ) at the free end (29) of the second plane longitudinal baffle (25a) and with the second conveying zone ( 33 ) at the free end (27) of the third plane longitudinal baffle (24b).
  • the third heat exchanging zone ( 34 ) is in fluid communication with the outlet shell-side connection (9), located near the first tube-sheet (4), and with the second conveying zone ( 33 ) at the free end (29) of the fourth plane longitudinal baffle (25b).
  • the heat exchanging zones ( 30 , 32 , 34 ) are in communication with the conveying zones ( 31 , 33 ) as the plane longitudinal baffles (24a,25a,24b,25b) have a free and open end (27,29) detached from the tube-sheets (4,5).
  • the shell-side fluid (F1) is introduced into the first heat exchanging zone ( 30 ), near the second tube-sheet (5), through the inlet shell-side connection (8).
  • the shell-side fluid (F1) flows towards the first tube-sheet (4) through the first heat exchanging zone ( 30 ) indirectly exchanging heat with the tube-side fluid (F2), reaches the free end (27) of the first plane longitudinal baffle (24a) and enters the first conveying zone ( 31 ).
  • the shell-side fluid (F1) flows towards the second tube-sheet (5) through the first conveying zone ( 31 ) without exchanging heat with the tube-side fluid (F2), arrives at the free end (29) of the second plane longitudinal baffle (25a) and enters the second heat exchanging zone ( 32 ).
  • the shell-side fluid (F1) flows towards the first tube-sheet (4) through the second heat exchanging zone ( 32 ) indirectly exchanging heat with the tube-side fluid (F2), reaches the free end (27) of the third plane longitudinal baffle (24b) and enters the second conveying zone ( 33 ).
  • the shell-side fluid (F1) flows towards the second tube-sheet (5) through the second conveying zone ( 33 ) without exchanging heat with the tube-side fluid (F2), arrives at the free end (29) of the fourth plane longitudinal baffle (25b) and enters the third heat exchanging zone ( 34 ).
  • the shell-side fluid (F1) flows towards the first tube-sheet (4) through the third heat exchanging zone (34) indirectly exchanging heat with the tube-side fluid (F2) and exits the third heat exchanging zone ( 34 ), near the first tube-sheet (4), through the shell-side outlet connection (9).
  • the tube-side fluid (F2) is fed into the heat exchanger (1b) through the tube-side inlet connection (10) installed on the first distributor (6) and is extracted from the heat exchanger (1b) through the tube-side outlet connection (11) installed on the second distributor (7).
  • the tube-side fluid (F2) is distributed in the exchanging tubes (3) through the first distributor (6), flows from the first tube-sheet (4) to the second tube-sheet (5) inside the exchanging tubes (3) indirectly exchanging heat with the shell-side fluid (F1), and is collected from the exchanging tubes (3) through the second distributor (7).
  • Fig.4 shows the sectional view (Y-Y') of the heat exchanger (1b) shown in Fig.3 .
  • the tube-layout of the exchanging tubes (3) is divided into three circular segments, corresponding to the three heat exchanging zones ( 30 , 32 , 34 ), separated by the two conveying zones ( 31 , 33 ).
  • the two conveying zones ( 31 , 33 ) are delimited by the plane longitudinal baffles (24a,25a,24b,25b).
  • the heat exchanger (1b) object of the present invention is characterized by the fact that:
  • Fig.5 schematically shows the longitudinal and top view of the heat exchanger (1c) according to a preferred configuration of the present invention.
  • the heat exchanger (1c) of Fig.5 is structurally equivalent to that of Fig.3 except for the shell-side inlet and outlet connections; in other words, the elements and construction details, and the relative numbering, of the heat exchanger (1c) shown in Fig.5 are equivalent to those of the heat exchanger (1b) shown in Fig.3 , except for the shell-side connections. So, for convenience, the description of the heat exchanger (1c) of Fig.5 is partially omitted.
  • the heat exchanger (1c) shown in Fig.5 has the longitudinal axis (12) parallel or quasi- parallel to the ground and the plane longitudinal baffles (24a,25a,24b,25b) installed in a vertical position, i.e. orthogonal to the ground.
  • the heat exchanger (1c) comprises a first inlet shell-side connection (8a) positioned near the second tube-sheet (5) and in fluid communication with the first heat exchanging zone (30) and three second inlet shell-side connections (8b) each in fluid communication with one of the heat exchanging zones ( 30 , 32 , 34 );
  • the heat exchanger (1c) comprises a first outlet shell-side connection (9a) positioned near the first tube-sheet (4) and in fluid communication with the third heat exchanging zone ( 34 ) and three second shell-side outlet connections (9b) each in fluid communication with one of the heat exchanging zones ( 30 , 32 , 34 ).
  • the first and the second shell-side inlet connections (8a,8b) are shown with dashed lines in Fig.5 as they are positioned on the lower part of the shell (2), whereas the first and the second shell-side outlet connections (9a,9b) are positioned on the upper part of the shell (2).
  • the heat exchanger (1c) is equipped with additional second shell-side inlet connections (8b) installed on the lower part of the shell (2); according to another preferred configuration, the heat exchanger (1c) is equipped with additional second shell-side outlet connections (9b) installed on the upper part of the shell (2).
  • at least a portion of the second shell-side outlet connections (9b) are positioned near the first tube-sheet (4) or near the tube-side fluid inlet distributor (F2).
  • Fig.6 shows the sectional view (Z-Z') of the heat exchanger (1c) shown in Fig.5 .
  • the tube-layout of the exchanging tubes (3) is divided into three circular segments, corresponding to the three heat exchanging zones ( 30 , 32 , 34 ), separated by the two conveying zones ( 31 , 33 ).
  • the two conveying zones ( 31 , 33 ) are delimited by the plane longitudinal baffles (24a,25a,24b,25b), positioned orthogonally to the ground (36).
  • the heat exchanger (1c) shown in Fig.5 and Fig.6 object of this invention is configured to operate in dual mode:
  • the operating method essentially corresponds to that described for the heat exchanger (1b) of Fig.3 .
  • Some inlet and outlet shell-side connections of the heat exchanger (1c) of Fig.5 are open and the other connections are closed by devices, such as valves, not shown in the figure. More specifically, the first inlet shell-side connection (8a), close to the second tube-sheet (5) and in fluid communication with the first heat exchanging zone, ( 30 ) and the first shell-side outlet connection (9a), close to the first tube-sheet (4) and in fluid communication with the third heat exchanging zone ( 34 ), are open; contrarily, the second shell-side inlet and outletconnections (8b,9b) are closed.
  • the shell-side fluid (F1) is introduced into the first heat exchanging zone ( 30 ) through the first inlet shell-side connection (8a), flows through the three heat exchanging zones ( 30 , 32 , 34 ) mainly exchanging sensible heat with the tube-side fluid (F2) and the two conveyng zones ( 31 , 33 ) without exchanging heat with the tube-side fluid (F2), and is extracted from the third heat exchanging zone ( 34 ) by the first outlet shell-side connection (9a).
  • the two fluids (F1,F2) are contacted in pure counter-current, the tube-side fluid (F2) has one pass and the shell-side fluid (F1) has five passes, two of them without heat exchange.
  • the second inlet and outlet shell-side connections(8b,9b) are open; the first inlet shell-side connection (8a), close to the second tube-sheet (5) and in fluid communication with the first heat exchanging zone (30), and/or the first shell-side outlet connection (9a), close to the first tube-sheet (4) and in fluid communication with the third heat exchanging zone ( 34 ), can be closed or opened.
  • the first shell-side inlet and outlet connections (8a,9a) are closed.
  • the shell-side fluid (F1) essentially in liquid phase, is introduced into the shell (2) through the second inlet shell-side connections (8b) or through the second inlet shell-side connections (8b) and the first inlet shell-side connection (8a).
  • the shell-side fluid (F1) moves mainly in the longitudinal direction to be distributed in the heat exchanging zones ( 30 , 32 , 34 ) and in the conveying zones ( 31 , 33 ).
  • the shell-side fluid (F1) moves mainly upwards by crossing the exchanging tubes (3) and vaporizing.
  • the shell-side fluid (F1) in liquid and vapor phase, moves mainly in the longitudinal direction to collect and exit the shell (2).
  • the shell-side fluid (F 1) in liquid and vapor phase, exits the shell (2) by means of the second shell-side outlet connections (9b) or by the second shell-side outlet connections (9b) and the first shell-side outlet connection (9a).
  • the shell-side fluid (F1) circulates in the shell (2) preferably according to natural or assisted circulation, and therefore the flow of the shell-side fluid is globally ascending.
  • the second inlet and outlet shell-side connections (8b,9b) are installed respectively in the lower and upper part of the shell (2) to facilitate the upward flow and the vapor release.
  • the two fluids (F1,F2) are contacted substantially in cross-flow, i.e. the tube-side fluid (F2) has one pass from tube-sheet to tube-sheet and the shell-side fluid (F 1) basically has a pass from bottom to top.
  • the transversal baffles (38) have openings (not shown in the figure) at the lower and upper part of the heat exchanging zones ( 30 , 32 , 34 ) to ease respectively the distribution of the shell-side fluid (F1) in liquid phase in the lower part and the collection of the shell-side fluid (F1) in liquid and vapor phase in the upper part.
  • the conveying zones ( 31 , 33 ) are provided with vents (not shown in the figures) on the upper part of the shell to remove possible vapor fractions.
  • the heat exchanger (1c) related to Fig.5 and Fig.6 can be used as an transfer-line heat exchanger for hydrocarbons cracking furnaces, for the production of ethylene, and in particular can be used as a transfer-line heat exchanger (1c) operating in dual mode.
  • High-temperature cracked gas is flowed on tube-side and needs to be cooled.
  • On shell-side high-pressure boiling water is flowed.
  • the shell-side of the transfer-line heat exchanger (1c) is hydraulically connected, by piping, to an elevated steam drum (not shown in the figures); more specifically, the first and the second inlet and outlet shell-side connections (8a,9a,8b,9b), or a portion of them, are connected to the steam drum by means of piping.
  • the piping are preferably equipped with valves to close or open the boiler water (F1) passage according to the operating mode of the transfer-line heat exchanger (1c).
  • the transfer-line heat exchanger (1c) can operate as a boiler or preheater according to the operating principles described for Fig.5 and Fig.6 , summarized below and adapted to the specific service:
  • one or more longitudinal baffles (13,14,24a,25a,24b,25b) can be formed by two juxtaposed sheets forming a small cavity in between; in other words, a longitudinal baffle (13,14,24a,25a,24b,25b) covered by the present invention can have a sandwich configuration.
  • the cavity has a size of about 4 ⁇ 12mm.
  • the cavity and the shell (2) are each other in fluid communication through openings such as to prevent the shell-side fluid (F1) from circulating in the cavity during the operation of the heat exchanger (1a, 1b, 1c); in other words, the shell-side fluid (F 1) in the cavity is essentially stagnant.
  • the cavity is useful to limit or avoid the shell-side heat exchange between adjacent zones of the tube-bundle, and therefore to increase the overall heat exchange efficiency.
  • fluids (F1,F2) can be flowed into the heat exchanger (1a,1b) also as follows:
  • fluids (F1,F2) can be flowed into the heat exchanger (1c) also as follows:
  • the present invention achieves the scope to provide a heat exchanger (1a,1b,1c) configured so to operate with a single pass of the tube-side fluid, several passes of the shell-side fluid and the two fluids contacted in a pure counter-current configuration.
  • the present invention also achieves the scope to provide a heat exchanger (1c) configured to operate in dual mode, i.e. a first mode according to which the shell-side fluid vaporizes and flows with natural circulation from bottom to top, and a second mode according to which the shell-side fluid moving in forced convection is heated or cooled. More specifically, the present invention also achieves the scope to provide an transfer-line heat exchanger (1c), installed on cracking furnaces to produce ethylene, operating in dual mode, as a boiler and as a boiler feedwater preheater.
  • the heat exchanger object of the present invention is subject in any case to numerous modifications and variants, all attributable to the same inventive concept.
  • all details can be replaced with technically equivalent elements.
  • building materials, shapes and sizes can be of any type according to technical requirements.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
EP23020451.3A 2022-12-21 2023-09-29 Wärmetauscher mit längswand und doppelbetriebsverfahren dafür Pending EP4390295A1 (de)

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1551553A1 (de) * 1966-06-27 1970-05-21 Waagner Biro Ag Verfahren zur Temperaturbegrenzung der Rohrwand und der Gefaesswandung eines Rohrbuendel-Waermetauschers,insbesondere mit parallelen Rohren
CN202692763U (zh) * 2012-05-04 2013-01-23 南京航空航天大学 一种多壳程管壳式换热器
US20170205147A1 (en) * 2014-07-16 2017-07-20 Casale Sa Shell and tube heat exchanger
US11054196B2 (en) * 2017-05-26 2021-07-06 Alfa Laval Olmi S.P.A. Shell-and-tube heat exchanger

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1551553A1 (de) * 1966-06-27 1970-05-21 Waagner Biro Ag Verfahren zur Temperaturbegrenzung der Rohrwand und der Gefaesswandung eines Rohrbuendel-Waermetauschers,insbesondere mit parallelen Rohren
CN202692763U (zh) * 2012-05-04 2013-01-23 南京航空航天大学 一种多壳程管壳式换热器
US20170205147A1 (en) * 2014-07-16 2017-07-20 Casale Sa Shell and tube heat exchanger
US11054196B2 (en) * 2017-05-26 2021-07-06 Alfa Laval Olmi S.P.A. Shell-and-tube heat exchanger

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