EP4353577A2 - Système de mouillage et procédé d'installation d'une plateforme flottant utilisant ce système de mouillage - Google Patents

Système de mouillage et procédé d'installation d'une plateforme flottant utilisant ce système de mouillage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4353577A2
EP4353577A2 EP22754909.4A EP22754909A EP4353577A2 EP 4353577 A2 EP4353577 A2 EP 4353577A2 EP 22754909 A EP22754909 A EP 22754909A EP 4353577 A2 EP4353577 A2 EP 4353577A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
anchoring
floating platform
counterweight
subline
rotary
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP22754909.4A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Antonio Luís GARCÍA FERRÁNDEZ
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Gazelle Wind Power Ltd
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Gazelle Wind Power Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Gazelle Wind Power Ltd filed Critical Gazelle Wind Power Ltd
Publication of EP4353577A2 publication Critical patent/EP4353577A2/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B21/00—Tying-up; Shifting, towing, or pushing equipment; Anchoring
    • B63B21/16—Tying-up; Shifting, towing, or pushing equipment; Anchoring using winches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B1/00—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils
    • B63B1/02—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement
    • B63B1/04—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement with single hull
    • B63B1/041—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement with single hull with disk-shaped hull
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B1/00—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils
    • B63B1/02—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement
    • B63B1/04—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement with single hull
    • B63B1/048—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement with single hull with hull extending principally vertically
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B21/00—Tying-up; Shifting, towing, or pushing equipment; Anchoring
    • B63B21/04—Fastening or guiding equipment for chains, ropes, hawsers, or the like
    • B63B21/10—Fairleads
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B21/00—Tying-up; Shifting, towing, or pushing equipment; Anchoring
    • B63B21/50—Anchoring arrangements or methods for special vessels, e.g. for floating drilling platforms or dredgers
    • B63B21/502—Anchoring arrangements or methods for special vessels, e.g. for floating drilling platforms or dredgers by means of tension legs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B39/00—Equipment to decrease pitch, roll, or like unwanted vessel movements; Apparatus for indicating vessel attitude
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B43/00—Improving safety of vessels, e.g. damage control, not otherwise provided for
    • B63B43/02—Improving safety of vessels, e.g. damage control, not otherwise provided for reducing risk of capsizing or sinking
    • B63B43/04—Improving safety of vessels, e.g. damage control, not otherwise provided for reducing risk of capsizing or sinking by improving stability
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B43/00—Improving safety of vessels, e.g. damage control, not otherwise provided for
    • B63B43/02—Improving safety of vessels, e.g. damage control, not otherwise provided for reducing risk of capsizing or sinking
    • B63B43/04—Improving safety of vessels, e.g. damage control, not otherwise provided for reducing risk of capsizing or sinking by improving stability
    • B63B43/08—Improving safety of vessels, e.g. damage control, not otherwise provided for reducing risk of capsizing or sinking by improving stability by transfer of solid ballast
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B1/00—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils
    • B63B1/02—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement
    • B63B1/04—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement with single hull
    • B63B2001/044—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement with single hull with a small waterline area compared to total displacement, e.g. of semi-submersible type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
    • B63B2035/442—Spar-type semi-submersible structures, i.e. shaped as single slender, e.g. substantially cylindrical or trussed vertical bodies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
    • B63B2035/4433—Floating structures carrying electric power plants
    • B63B2035/446—Floating structures carrying electric power plants for converting wind energy into electric energy

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an anchoring system especially suitable for floating platforms that serve as a base for wind turbines located in the sea.
  • the anchoring system object of the present invention comprises a set of anchoring cables or chains (anchoring lines) fastened to piles buried in the seabed or to weights located or deposited on the seabed.
  • the anchoring system object of the present invention has unique characteristics that make it suitable to be used on floating platforms that serve as a basis for maritime structures where it is important to avoid pitching or rolling movement, as well as solving some drawbacks of other anchoring systems for floating platforms of the state of the art.
  • the present invention also relates to a method of installing a floating platform using said anchoring system.
  • the anchoring system object of the present invention is applicable to any type of structure intended to be located floating on the surface of the sea, and which needs to have several anchoring points on the seabed, to fasten the cables or anchoring chains of the floating platforms.
  • Floating platforms especially those dedicated to supporting wind turbines for the generation of electrical energy from offshore wind energy, need anchoring systems that keep them in their position and contribute to their stability.
  • platforms of the Tension Leg Platform (TLP) type are known. These platforms comprise three or more anchoring lines (usually chains or cables that connect the platform with piles anchored to the seabed).
  • the anchoring lines of TLP platforms are designed to be disposed in tension, connecting the platform in an upright position to each of the piles anchored on the seabed.
  • TLP platforms comprise a set of floats designed to produce an excess buoyancy of the platform (taking into account the weight of the structure that sits on the platform). This excess buoyancy ensures a high level of tension in the cables, which in turn ensures that they are always upright. In this way, the pitching and rolling movements of the platform and the structure that sits on the platform are avoided.
  • EP 2743170 A1 describes a TLP platform as described in the previous paragraph.
  • TLP platforms A disadvantage of TLP platforms is that the high tension of the cables necessary to keep them in vertical position and thus avoid pitching and/or rolling movements also results in blocking movement in the vertical direction of the platform. Thus, when the tide rises, the platform cannot move upwards (due to the fact that the anchoring lines have reduced or no extensibility) and, therefore, the tension in the anchoring lines increases considerably. This causes a high risk of breakage of the anchoring lines and requires having high-section anchoring lines or increasing the number of anchoring lines.
  • the present invention relates to a anchoring system.
  • the anchoring system object of the present invention comprises a floating platform (for example, to support a wind turbine) and at least one pair of anchoring lines (for example, anchoring cables or anchoring chains), configured to fix or anchor the floating platform to the seabed (for example to piles driven into the seabed, or to bottom weights or anchoring rings deposited on the seabed) by at least one bottom section of each anchoring line.
  • anchoring lines for example, anchoring cables or anchoring chains
  • Each anchoring line also comprises a central section attached to a counterweight.
  • Each pair of anchoring lines comprises two anchoring lines arranged in a plane passing through a central axis of the floating platform. These anchoring lines arranged in the same plane are located respectively on either side of the central axis of the floating platform.
  • the central axis of the floating platform preferably defines a radial symmetry of the floating platform.
  • the anchoring system comprises at least one first rotary fixing means (e.g., a pulley) for each anchoring line, wherein each first rotary fixing means is fixed to a first point of the floating platform and is configured to fix each anchoring line to the floating platform at said first point of the floating platform, allowing sliding of the anchoring line on said first rotary fixing means.
  • first rotary fixing means e.g., a pulley
  • the pitch and/or roll of the floating platform is cancelled or drastically reduced with respect to other anchoring systems such as that described in document ES 2629867 A2 , while leaving the floating platform free to move vertically, also allowing restricted horizontal movements.
  • the pulley system used in other anchoring systems by means of pulleys and cables in the state of the art is mechanically simplified. Since there are no central pulleys located in correspondence with the central axis of the floating platform, the anchoring system is simpler and, moreover, all the central pulleys of all the arms that make up the system do not coincide in almost the same point.
  • the floating platform comprises a pair of projecting structural arms for each pair of anchoring lines.
  • each pair of protruding structural arms comprises a first arm and a second arm located symmetrically with respect to the central axis of the floating platform.
  • Each projecting structural arm is attached to a main structure (or hull) of the floating platform.
  • Each projecting structural arm runs radially from a first end attached to the main structure of the floating platform to a second end projected to the outside of the floating platform.
  • the at least one first rotary securing means is fixed to the floating platform in correspondence with the second end of the first arm
  • the at least one second rotary securing means is fixed to the floating platform at a point located in correspondence with the second arm.
  • the main structure (or hull) of the floating platform may have a shape in the form of a cylindrical, conical or pyramidal shaft.
  • the anchoring system may comprise a plurality of spokes connected to this main structure, where at each free end of each spoke there is a flotation element.
  • These flotation elements may comprise at least one flood chamber.
  • the main structure (or hull) of the floating platform may lack the aforementioned spokes with floating elements at their ends.
  • the main structure or hull, with a shaft-shaped geometry may comprise at least one flotation element.
  • This at least one flotation element may comprise at least one floodable chamber.
  • the floating elements provide buoyancy and, when they are floodable, allow the floating platform to be moved or towed to its place or site of installation, with a reduced weight and, subsequently, flood the corresponding floating elements to provide tension to the anchoring cables, increasing their stability.
  • the structure is particularly stable, and appropriate to guarantee the stability of the floating platform in the installation maneuver.
  • the main structure (or hull) of the floating platform may comprise a ring-shaped geometry, said ring being attached by means of spokes to a cylindrical, conical or pyramidal shaft.
  • This main structure may constitute a flotation ring (a float or ring-shaped flotation element).
  • This flotation ring may comprise at least one flood chamber.
  • This structure in the form of a floating ring also provides great stability to the floating platform.
  • the anchoring system may comprise at least one third rotary fastening means (e.g., a pulley) for each anchoring line.
  • Each third rotary fixing means is fixed to a third point of the floating platform and is configured to fix each direct subline of each anchoring line to the floating platform at said third point of the floating platform allowing sliding of the direct subline by said third rotary fixing means, such that each direct subline runs from the first rotary fixing means to the counterweight passing and sliding by the third rotary fixing means.
  • This third rotary fixing means allows the direct subline to run in an intermediate section parallel to one of the protruding structural arms, so that the central section (which is directed from the third rotary fixing means to the counterweight) runs closer to the central axis of the floating platform.
  • the anchoring system may comprise at least one rotary guiding means (e.g., a pulley or fluted wheel) for each anchoring line, wherein each rotary guiding means is fixed to a fourth point of the floating platform and is configured to guide the course of the cross subline of each anchoring line allowing the cross subline to slide by said rotary guiding means, such that each cross subline runs between the first rotary fixing means and the second rotary fixing means passing and sliding by the rotary guiding means.
  • at least one rotary guiding means e.g., a pulley or fluted wheel
  • This rotary guiding means allows the crossed sub-line to avoid obstacles in its path from the first rotary fixing means through the central axis to the second rotary fixing means.
  • this rotary guiding means it is possible to prevent the crossed sublines of all the anchoring lines from colliding with each other, or the crossed sublines from colliding with the main structure of the floating platform.
  • each bottom section of each anchoring line comprises a buoy that divides the bottom section into a first portion that runs between the seabed and the buoy and a second portion that runs between the buoy and the at least one first rotary fixing means.
  • the above feature facilitates the installation of the floating platform, since the bottom weight, pile or anchoring ring attached to a first portion of the bottom section (with the buoy) can be arranged in a pre-installation maneuver (once the location of the floating platform has been chosen) and, subsequently, connect the second portion of the bottom section directly to the buoy, when the floating platform and the counterweight have moved to the installation site.
  • the counterweight of the anchoring system comprises at least one floodable flotation chamber. This feature also facilitates the transport of the counterweight (which can be transported without flooding with less weight), and also facilitates a progressive contribution of tension to the anchoring lines, as the at least one floodable flotation chamber is filled.
  • the present invention also relates to a method of installing a floating platform, employing an anchoring system as described above.
  • the method of installing a floating platform object of the present invention comprises:
  • the floating platform does not need to rest on the bottom, so it is suitable for areas of any sea depth, both near the coast (for example, 80 m deep), and away from it (up to depths of 1000 m or more) and at any intermediate distance, since it is able to withstand very severe storms.
  • the anchoring system of the invention makes it possible to uninstall and move the floating platform to another location, by means of a novel more simplified and faster procedure than that proposed in ES 2629867 A2 .
  • the anchoring system of the invention is applicable to any floating marine installation, in which the movement requirements are an important condition of the design, especially in the following cases:
  • one or more damping lines with or without energy collectors may be included in the anchoring.
  • the fundamental mission of these lines is to reduce the vibrations (oscillations) that can occur as a result of the elasticity of the anchoring cables, in a system that is conceptually quite rigid (in general it is a hyperstatic system). These low/medium frequency vibrations could significantly increase the accelerations on the platform and render it unacceptable. The incorporation of the shock absorber lines almost completely cancels out these vibrations (oscillations).
  • damping lines are very similar to the locking anchoring lines (the anchoring lines attached to an anchoring element or pile on the seabed), with the difference that one of their pulleys (internal or external) drives an electric generator (if the energy is to be used) or a hydraulic or electrical dissipator (if they only function as dampers).
  • the present invention relates, as mentioned above, to an anchoring system comprising a floating platform (100).
  • Float or flotation element 500: a closed and watertight wrapper, totally or partially submerged in water, which can be subjected to hydrostatic or hydrodynamic forces due to waves or sea currents. If it is partially submerged, it can also be subjected to forces originating from the wind on its side or superstructures.
  • Hull or main structure a structure comprising one or more watertight floats or flotation elements (500) that form a rigid and resistant assembly, in which at least one of them is partially submerged.
  • Floating platform (100) a hull or main structure (400) of any shape or configuration, which additionally comprises other elements or structures (spokes (600), protruding structural arms (12), floating elements (500), etc.), dedicated to any function (accommodation, industrial or recreational facilities, windmill support, etc.), equipped with the anchoring system proposed herein.
  • External agents the wind, sea currents, waves, internal load movements or any element external to the floating platform (100) that tries to move it away from its design position or tries to transmit pitch or roll movements.
  • Tension of the cable or anchoring line (200) tensile force to which the cable or anchoring line (200) is subjected (due to its flexible nature, the cable cannot be subjected to compressive forces).
  • Central counterweight (1) a fully submerged hull, of average density greater than 1.2 kg/dm 3 , which keeps the anchoring lines (200) that are connected to it taut. In simple installations there is only one counterweight (1) located on the central axis (300) of the floating platform (100), but there may be several counterweights (1) or be located below other points of the floating platform (100).
  • Anchor block or bottom weight (4) a (large) weight supported on the seabed (5), to which the cables or anchoring lines (200) of the anchoring system are attached. In other conventional installations, it is equivalent to the anchor, to the 'deadweight' that keeps buoys or other marine elements in their position or to any other type of anchorage by means of piles.
  • Anchor cable or anchoring line (200) a cable, chain or tie of any type that keeps the floating platform (100) attached to the bottom weight (4), preventing the floating platform (100) from being dragged by external agents.
  • Each anchoring line (200) is composed of the following elements:
  • the anchoring line 200 comprises a cross subline (200c) and a direct subline (200d).
  • the intermediate section (7) is the part of the cross subline (200c) of the anchoring line (200) that joins the first rotary fixing means (3) (or external pulley) with the second rotary fixing means (2c) (or internal pulley).
  • the intermediate section (7) also refers to the part of the direct subline (200d) of the anchoring line (200) that joins the first rotary fixing means (3) with the third rotary fixing means (2d).
  • a complete anchoring line (200) is a set of two anchoring sublines (a direct subline (200d) and a cross subline (200c)), which share the same bottom weight (4), a part of the bottom section (8) of the anchoring cables and the corresponding part of the central counterweight (1).
  • Its external or external pulleys (first rotating fixing means (3)) are very close to each other; in general, they are parallel with the same axis of rotation.
  • these outer sheaves hang from the end of the same protruding structural arm (12).
  • it may comprise a single outer sheave with at least two sheaves (one sheave for the direct subline 200d and another sheave for the cross subline 200c).
  • Floating platforms (100) with very elongated geometries may have installed several groups of anchoring lines 200 acting on the same counterweight (1) (the centerlines of each group of anchoring lines 200 are fastened to different points of the counterweight (1), which is also elongated).
  • the anchoring system has only one group of anchoring lines (and therefore a single counterweight (1)).
  • the simplest configuration is composed of four locking anchoring lines (200), each of which is composed of two sub-lines (one direct (200d) and one cross (200c)), each of which includes:
  • the anchoring lines (200) generate an opposing horizontal force that tends to return the floating platform (100) to its original position.
  • the vertical forces on the floating platform (100) hardly vary.
  • the counterweight (1) moves slightly upwards.
  • the tensions of the cables of the anchoring lines 200 vary to compensate for it and prevent rotation; if that bending moment increases sufficiently, one of the anchoring lines 200 will lose its tension and the floating platform 100 will be held only by the other anchoring lines 200.
  • the hull or central structure (400) of the floating platform (100) will begin to submerge slightly.
  • the overturning of the floating platform (100) may begin. This overturning will be reversible or irreversible depending on the particular geometry of the assembly as a whole.
  • the floating platform (100) has two anchoring lines (200) (if planar movement is assumed, if three-dimensional movement is considered there would be at least four anchoring lines (200), crossed two to two, but the result is the same). If we compare the lengths of the sections in two different positions of the platform:
  • T8(P) T8(Q)
  • T8(R) T8(S)
  • the two outer pulleys (first rotary fixing means (3)) and the two bottom weights (4) form an "articulated" quadrilateral in which their opposite sides are equal and therefore the upper side always remains parallel to the lower side, regardless of the position of the center of the floating platform (100).
  • two anchoring lines (200) are sufficient, as seen in figures 1 or 2 .
  • two anchoring lines (200) are needed in a longitudinal plane, with one outer pulley at the bow and one outer pulley at the stern, with the two inner pulleys between them (the intermediate sections of the anchoring cable need not be the same).
  • the two anchoring lines (200) must be in a plane transverse to the waves.
  • Figures 4 and 5 show a schematic of a complete anchoring line (200) formed by a forward subline (200d) and a cross subline (200c), representing the positions of the floating platform (100) in its design condition ( figure 4 ) and in any other position ( figure 5 ).
  • the two inner pulleys (2d: direct and 2c: cross) are at the same distance from the central axis (300) of the floating platform (100) (actually the pulley axes are at different distances, but such that the central sections (7) appear to come from symmetrical points: the point of contact of the cable with the pulley).
  • the lengths of the two sublines (200c, 200d) are different, but are such that the central sections (6d, 6d) are equal, so that the central counterweight (1) is located in correspondence with the central axis (300) of the floating platform (100).
  • the bottom sections 8d and 8c change in length, but remain equal to each other.
  • the intermediate sections (7d and 7c) do not vary in length (the pulleys move rigidly with the platform). Since the total length of each subline (200c, 200d) does not vary, the central sections (6d and 6c) also vary in length, but remain equal to each other, i.e. the central counterweight (1) moves vertically, but remains located in correspondence with the central axis (300) of the floating platform (100). In this way, the pendular movement that the counterweight (1) could have in the original version of the anchoring system is totally eliminated.
  • each complete anchor line (200) is combined (each with a direct subline (200d) and a cross line (200c)), applying the same reasoning as when the lines are central (on state-of-the-art platforms with central well through which the central lines pass), the bottom sections (8) of each complete anchoring line (200) remain equal to each other, regardless of the position of the floating platform (100). In this sense, the anchoring system (with direct (200d) and crossed (200c) sublines) behaves as if all the sublines were central.
  • the pitch angle imposed by external forces acting on the floating platform (100) can be corrected.
  • the elasticity of the anchoring lines (200) means that when the floating platform (100) is subjected to external forces, the windward cables lengthen and the leeward cables shrink: as a result of these deformations the floating platform (100) acquires a small pitch angle leeward.
  • the indicated variant consists of giving an angle to the bottom sections (8) of the anchoring lines (200), separating out the anchoring points of the vertical of the outer pulleys (first rotary fixing means (3)), as can be seen in figure 7 .
  • intermediate buoys (9) can be included in the bottom sections (8) (located at a depth similar to that of the counterweight (1), in its design position) joined by cables or chains to the anchorage on the seabed (5).
  • the depth at which the seabed (5) is located has been reduced, so that the images are more proportionate and easier to interpret. If the seabed were so close, it would not be worth using floating platforms (100), since it would be better if they were directly supported on the seabed (5). In actual projects, the counterweight (1) would also be proportionally deeper than shown in the figures.
  • FIG. 1 shows a basic diagram of the locking anchoring lines (200) (those that prevent the rotational movement of the floating platform (100)).
  • An installation of this type consists of a floating platform (100) floating in the sea, provided with two or more anchoring lines (200) (the minimum is two anchoring lines (200) when you only want to override the rotational movement in one direction, such as pitching; the minimum is four anchoring lines (200) when you want to override pitch and roll simultaneously), each of which, at least, is composed of two sublines (200d, 200c), each of which consists of: one (or two) inner pulley(s) (second rotary fixing means (2c) and third rotary fixing means (2d)) and an outer pulley (first rotary fixing means (3)), which support a cable or anchoring line (200) composed of three sections, a bottom section (8) that reaches a bottom weight (4) resting on the seabed (5), another central section (6) fastened to the central counterweight (1) and an intermediate section (7) that
  • the central counterweight (1) is shared by all anchor lines (200).
  • the bottom section (8) can be divided into two portions, which are attached to an intermediate buoy (9); in this case, the lower portion (first portion) of this bottom section (8) is common to all the sublines hanging from the same protruding structural arm (12).
  • Two complete anchoring lines 200 have been depicted simultaneously in figure 1 , one using a solid line (the one on the right) and the other (the one on the left) using a dashed line.
  • Figure 2 shows a scheme of the geometric principle that regulates the lengths of each section (6, 7, 8) of the anchoring lines (200) and justifies that the floating platform (100) always moves parallel to the initial position thereof.
  • the scheme corresponds to central anchoring sublines (where the floating platform comprises a central well) of a state-of-the-art anchoring system (as defined in ES 2629867 A2 ).
  • This figure is provided to serve as a basis for and facilitate the comprehension of the operation of the anchoring system object of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 shows a scheme of the dynamic principle, with the forces acting on the anchoring lines (200) when the floating platform (100) is subjected to a force (Fx) and a bending moment (Mf) originating from the external agents (wind, waves or sea currents).
  • the sum of the tensions on all the anchoring lines 200 is always constant (equal to the apparent weight of the central counterweight 1, divided by the cosine of the angle ⁇ between the central section 6 and the central axis 300);
  • the difference between the tensions of the anchoring lines (200) is proportional to the applied bending moment and the horizontal force FH that is able to support the floating platform (100) is proportional to the sine of the angle ⁇ between the bottom sections 8 of the anchoring lines (200) and the vertical direction. If the cables of the bottom sections (8) of the leeward anchoring line (200) become loose, the platform loses its horizontal position (pitch or roll movements appear).
  • Figure 4 and figure 5 show a basic diagram of the anchoring system, similar to that of figure 1 , in which the intermediate buoys (9) have been removed, so that the bottom sections (8d, 8c) of the direct subline (200d) and of the cross subline (200c) reach the bottom weight (4) that is in the seabed (5).
  • Figure 4 shows the floating platform (100) in its resting position and figure 5 corresponds to the floating platform (100) when it has changed position (horizontal and vertical) due to the effect of wind and waves.
  • Figure 6 shows an operating diagram of the anchoring system with parallel anchoring lines (200), in which the bottom sections (8) are vertical in their resting position (dashed lines).
  • the cover of the floating platform (100) is always kept horizontal.
  • Figure 7 shows an operating diagram of the anchoring system with diverging anchoring lines (200), in which the bottom sections (8) do not descend vertically to the seabed (5), but their layout forms an angle (A) with the vertical.
  • the floating platform (100) moves horizontally, it tilts windward. In the first approach it is as if it were rotating around the point of intersection of the two bottom sections (8).
  • the floating platform (100) is a marine wind turbine support, with a tower (13) and a wind turbine nacelle (14), the axial component of the weight of the nacelle (14) (due to the inclination of the tower (13)) can be made to exactly compensate the thrust of the wind on the blades of the rotor, so that the bending moment is annulled throughout the tower (13) of the wind turbine (and therefore the bending moments transmitted by the tower (13) to the floating platform (100)).
  • FIG 8 and figure 9 An example of the anchoring system comprising four anchoring lines 200 is shown in figure 8 and figure 9 .
  • This version of the anchoring system applies to floating platforms (100) with an even number of projecting structural arms (12).
  • the inner pulleys (third rotary fixing means (2d)) of the direct subline (200d) have been eliminated, so that the outer pulley (first rotary fixing means (3)) also performs the functions of an inner pulley and, of course, the intermediate section (7) of the direct subline (200d) has also been eliminated.
  • the inner pulley (second rotary fixing means (2c)) of the cross subline (200c) appears to be next to the outer pulley (first rotary fixing means (3)), but this is an optical effect as said pulley corresponds to the cross subline (200c) of another protruding structural arm (12) (the opposite arm). Also shown in the are the intermediate pulleys (rotary guiding means (11)) of the crossed subline (200c) that divert the intermediate sections (7) of the crossed subline (200c) so that they do not cross the same sections of the perpendicular lines (in the "apparent crossing point", said sections pass at different heights).
  • Figure 10 and figure 12 correspond to the installation phases of a floating platform (100) stable in the ballast condition (in the figures the floating platform (100) with four protruding structural arms (12) has been represented, although it is valid for any such platform)). More specifically:
  • FIG 13 , figure 14 and figure 15 correspond to a first embodiment of the invention.
  • the floating platform (100) has two main loading conditions: the ballast condition, wherein the floating line (21) passes through an intermediate point of the floating elements (500) (which divides them into two parts: a submerged zone (15) and another emerging or emerged zone (16), which is only submerged in the operating condition) and the operating condition, wherein the floating line (21) is already in correspondence with the operating draught (22) and passes through an intermediate point of the spokes (600) (distinguishing a submerged radio zone in the operating condition (17) and another never submerged zone (18)).
  • the ballast condition wherein the floating line (21) passes through an intermediate point of the floating elements (500) (which divides them into two parts: a submerged zone (15) and another emerging or emerged zone (16), which is only submerged in the operating condition) and the operating condition, wherein the floating line (21) is already in correspondence with the operating draught (22) and passes through an intermediate point of the spokes (600) (distingui
  • the spokes 600 are attached to the hull in a shaft which, in this case, comprises a structural ring (19) having eight rectangular faces (where the four radii (600) and the four protruding structural arms (12) meet) and eight other trapezoidal faces joining the rectangular faces.
  • Four protruding structural arms (12) serve to support the outer pulleys (first rotary fixing means (3)) and the inner pulleys (only the second rotary fixing means (2c) and not the third rotary fixing means (2d) of the anchoring lines (200) have been represented).
  • Figures 13 , 14 and 15 show three views of the floating platform (100), with direct (200d) and crossed (200c) sublines.
  • Figure 13 shows a (side) profile view of the assembly, aligned with the spokes (600) or legs of the floating platform (100) holding the submerged floating elements (500).
  • Figure 15 shows a front view of the assembly aligned with the protruding structural arms (12) supporting the outer pulleys (rotated 45 ° with respect to the spokes (600), arranged in the bisectors between the spokes (600)).
  • Figure 15 shows a first arm (12a) and a second arm (12b) belonging to a pair of protruding structural arms (12) located in the same plane.
  • Figure 14 shows a 3D view of the assembly.
  • the protruding structural arms (12) comprise a first end (121) attached to the hull or main structure (400) of the floating platform (100) and a second end (122) projecting outwardly from the floating platform (100).
  • FIG 16 , figure 17 and figure 18 correspond to a second embodiment of the invention.
  • These figures show a floating platform (100) that serves as a support for a marine wind turbine, which is not stable in its ballast condition, with four anchoring lines (200) with direct sublines (200d) and crossed sublines (200c), in which an intermediate pulley (rotary guide means (11)) of diversion has been included in the intermediate section (7) of the anchoring lines (200).
  • the pulley is located horizontally and diverts the cables outwards, to avoid the superstructure (20) that supports the tower (13) of the wind turbine.
  • the hull or main structure (400) is the simplest possible, a simple vertical axis cylinder, divided (conceptually) into three parts: a submerged area (15), which is always submerged (even in ballast condition), another emerging or emerged area (16), which is only submerged in the operating condition. (These two parts together constitute the 'hull' of the floating platform (100)). It also has a never submerged zone (18), i.e. a part of the hull or main structure (400) that is out of the water in any load condition (analogous to the top of the spokes (600) of the floating platform (100) in the first embodiment).
  • the floating platform (100) of the first embodiment shown in figures 13 to 15 in the second embodiment also incorporates four protruding structural arms (12) and a small superstructure (20) on the hull that serves to support the tower (13) of the wind turbine.
  • Figures 16 , 17 and 18 depict three views of the floating platform (100) of four protruding structural arms (12), respectively in profile, in 3D and front perspective (aligned with the protruding structural arms (12) of the floating platform (100)).
  • FIG 19 , figure 20 and figure 21 correspond to a third embodiment of the invention, wherein a floating platform (100) is shown that serves as a support for a marine wind turbine, which is stable in the ballast condition.
  • the hull or main structure (400) of the floating platform has an annular geometry, forming a flotation ring (700). It has a central well, although it is not used as such (it is not used for the passage of counterweight cables).
  • Four protruding structural arms (12) arise from the submerged hull or main structure (400).
  • Figure 19 is a front view of the assembly (aligned with the protruding pulleys and structural arms (12)).
  • Figure 21 is a side view, rotated 45° (oriented according to the bisector of the arms).
  • Figure 20 is a 3D view of the assembly.
  • the proposed anchoring system is valid for any floating platform (100) (intended to support any type of structure), the present invention is especially indicated for two specific applications, as a support for offshore wind turbines and as a platform for offshore leisure.
  • the main difference between the two applications is the deck area of the floating platform (100), which causes the outer pulleys to hang from protruding structural arms (12) arranged radially, which protrude quite a bit from the deck of the floating platform (100), and on the platforms designed for marine leisure, causes the outer pulleys to hang from very short arms that protrude from the main deck of the platform.
  • the floating platform (100) in the ballast condition is not stable, so it is necessary to use a anchoring ring whose function is to give stability to the platform during the transport from the shipyard to the wind farm.
  • the main structure (400) of the floating platform (100) comprises a vertical axis cylinder, conceptually divided into three parts or zones: a submerged zone (15) under any load condition in the deepest part of the cylinder; an emerging or emerged zone (16) (intermediate zone) that is out of the water in the ballast condition and submerged in the operating condition and another never submerged zone (18) (upper part), which is always above the waterline (21).
  • the floating platform (100) comprises four protruding structural arms (12) arranged radially (and of course the same number of anchoring lines (200)).
  • the main structure (400) comprises a small superstructure (20) for the electrical equipment of the wind turbine, which also serves to support the tower (13) of the wind turbine.
  • the floating platform 100 is the simplest and most economical (of the three proposed embodiments), but has a different hydrodynamic behavior to the other two embodiments, since having much more floating area it tends to follow the movement of the waves, so its vertical movements are greater than those of the other embodiments; as a counterpart, it is able to capture more energy from the movement of the waves and the profile of the waves remains closer to its design floatation (operating draught 22), so it needs less freeboard than the other platforms.
  • the direct sublines (200d) do not have inner pulleys (third rotary fixing means (2d)), since the outer pulley (first rotary fixing means (3)) performs the two functions (inner and outer, to save space) and the cross sublines (200c) use vertical intermediate pulleys (rotary guiding means (11)) to redirect the cable.
  • the reinforced structural ring (19) is raised so that the cables of the intermediate section (7) of the cross sublines (200c) pass under the superstructure (20), between the legs or spokes (600) of the floating platform (100). If intermediate pulleys are included in this section to deflect the cable downwards, the reinforced structural ring (19) could occupy a lower position.
  • each of the anchoring lines (200) there is a direct subline (200d) and a cross subline (200c), wherein the inner pulley of the cross subline (200c) is located diametrically opposite the inner pulley of the direct subline (200d).
  • This arrangement forces an even number of anchoring lines (200) (and protruding structural arms (12)), and also causes the inner sheave of the direct subline (200d) of a first anchoring line (200) on a protruding structural arm (12) to be next to the inner sheave of the cross subline (200c) of a second diametrically opposite anchoring line (200), albeit on different sides of the protruding structural arm (12).
  • the intermediate sections (7) of the crossed sublines (200c) of the anchoring lines (200) can pass to another side of the floating platform (100) very close to its central axis (300) of symmetry; therefore, in the hull or in the superstructure, some holes can be made for these cables.
  • An alternative used in the examples presented above, is to use intermediate pulleys (rotary guide means (11)) to deflect these cables and pass them under the superstructure (20) of the floating platform (100) (or on the outside of its sides).
  • the anchoring system may need some elements that facilitate its correct operation and that have already been introduced previously. Some of these elements can be seen in figures 8 to 11 , others are normal elements in shipbuilding and have not been depicted in the figures. These include, but are not limited to:
  • the floating platforms (100) that serve as a support for a wind turbine have several particularities, among others:
  • the anchoring lines (200) in the design condition are not vertical (as seen in figure 13 ), but slightly divergent (as seen in figure 14 ), then, when the floating platform (100) is dragged by the wind the leeward pulley rises relative to the windward one; as a result, the floating platform (100) has a pitch angle opposite to the wind force. This pitch angle is proportional to the horizontal displacement of the floating platform (100) and is barely sensitive to the vertical movement thereof.
  • This angle causes the weight (Q) of the nacelle (14) to have an axial component opposite to the force of the wind on the rotor blades, which is proportional to the rotated angle, which in turn is proportional to the horizontal movement of the floating platform (100), which in turn is proportional to the force exerted by the wind. If these proportionality constants are properly synchronized, the axial component of the nacelle weight (14) can be made to cancel exactly the wind force, regardless of the wind speed.
  • an anchoring system with divergent anchoring lines (200) may be used, producing a pitch opposite to the horizontal movement. This pitch can generate a longitudinal acceleration that opposes the acceleration of the horizontal movement, so that the resulting acceleration is lower than if the floating platform (100) moves without pitching; this would improve the comfort of the people on board.
  • a terrestrial analogy of this horizontal movement and of inverse pitch would be the movement of a swing or a hammock, which has great movements and turns, but does not generate the sensation of accelerations.
  • the accelerations remain perpendicular to the surface of the deck of the floating platform (100) (perpendicular to the surface of the seat, in the case of the swing).
  • the cable of the anchoring line (200) is quite long, measuring at least the draught in the area of operation, plus the length of the protruding structural arms 12 (usually between 30 and 40m), plus twice the height between the pulleys and the sea surface, plus twice the maximum vertical travel of the floating platform 100 (maximum tidal height + wave height), plus 20% of the draught of the sea in the installation area, plus the margin that is deemed convenient.
  • the bottom sections (8) do not reach the sea bed or bottom (5), but are fastened to an intermediate buoy (9) located relatively close to the sea surface and which is anchored to the sea floor (5) by means of chains or cables, so that in case of wear only the upper part of the cable, which is the most worn (and which is also the most accessible), has to be changed.
  • the length of the detachable cables must be such that, with the greatest foreseeable movements of the floating platform (100), the buoys (9) never approach the outer pulleys (first rotary fixing means (3)); if touched, a major breakdown could occur.
  • the material of the anchoring lines (200) may be any suitable for these applications, including but not limited to:
  • One of the advantages of the anchoring system of the present invention is the ease of transport, installation and uninstallation of the platforms equipped with this anchoring system.
  • the submerged flotation elements (500) of the platform float at half height, giving the floating platform (100) all or part of the stability it needs for transport.
  • the existence of a buoyancy reserve materialized in the emerging or emerged zone (16) of the floating elements (500)), allows the floating platform (100) to remain stable throughout transport, despite the pitching movements produced by the waves.
  • the floating platform (100) in its condition of ballast, to guarantee its stability during transport the floating platform (100) also needs to be anchored to a anchoring ring.
  • the bottom anchors of the anchoring lines (200) are prepared. To do this, the bottom weights (4) are placed in their position, which can be of any type:
  • the common part (the first portion or lower portion) of the bottom sections (8) of the anchoring lines (200) that in turn secure the intermediate buoys (9) is fastened or fixed.
  • the buoys (9) are levelled, so that they are all at the same depth and at the same distance from the central axis (300) of the floating platform (100).
  • This operation can be performed at the same time as the platform is built.
  • the counterweight (1) may be positioned just below the floating platform (100) (held slightly by the central portions (6) of the sublines (200c, 200d) of the anchoring lines (200)) and towed together.
  • all ballast tanks or flood chambers of the floating platform (100) and of the counterweight (1) are kept completely empty. In this condition, the counterweight (1) has a slightly positive buoyancy, with a small freeboard with respect to its strut.
  • the first phase of the installation is very simple, just place the floating platform (100) on top of the anchors, with the counterweight (1) under the center of the floating platform (100), as can be seen in figure 10 .
  • the floating platform (100) and the counterweight (1) are stable per se.
  • the upper portions (second portions) of the bottom sections (8) of the anchoring lines (200) are fastened to the intermediate buoys (9).
  • the cables are prepared with the length they must have in the operating condition, so when they are hooked they will be untensioned (geometrically there is excess cable in this condition).
  • the floating platform (100) is moved slightly from its vertical position on the anchors (with the tug that has transported it), or the wind is allowed to laterally drag the floating platform (100) until these cables are slightly tensioned.
  • One of the tanks or flood chambers of the counterweight (1) is filled, so that it has a slightly negative buoyancy.
  • the counterweight (1) begins to submerge and the tension of the cables returns the floating platform (100) to its position on the bottom anchors.
  • ballast tanks or flood chambers of the counterweight (1) continue to be filled; as a result, the floating platform (100) gradually sinks dragged by the increasing weight of the central counterweight (1).
  • the floating platform (100) is in the situation shown in figure 11 :
  • the floating platform (100) When all the ballast tanks or flood chambers of the counterweight (1) are fully filled with water, the floating platform (100) is almost operational, in general it will float a little above its design floatation (as it must have a certain safety margin in terms of its buoyancy). At this moment it is enough to introduce some ballast water into one of its tanks, so that the platform floats exactly as it was planned in its operating condition.
  • the floating platform (100) begins to lift (at the same time as the counterweight (1)).
  • the floating platform (100) regains full stability.
  • the cables begin to lose tension the floating platform (100) will be dragged laterally by the wind until the counterweight (1) reaches the sea surface.
  • ballast tanks (flood chambers) of the counterweight (1) When the ballast tanks (flood chambers) of the counterweight (1) are completely empty (and the counterweight (1) has sufficient positive buoyancy), the bottom sections (8) of the intermediate buoys (9) are released and the floating platform (100) is ready to be moved to another location (or to port, for periodic maintenance operations).
  • the anchoring system for marine floating platforms (100), object of the present invention is preferably formed by four or six anchoring lines (200), arranged radially around a common point (10) of the floating platform (100), each of which is formed by two anchoring sub-lines (200c, 200d) that can include the following elements:
  • the anchoring system of the present invention may also include other auxiliary elements, common to conventional anchoring systems and which may assist in the installation/uninstallation maneuver of the floating platform (100) at its place of operation, such as winches, pinwheels, bollards or other elements typical of any traditional anchoring system.
  • Each anchoring line (200) has a direct subline (200d) and a cross subline (200c), whose inner sheave (second rotary fastening means (2c)) is located diametrically opposite the outer sheave (first rotary fastening means (3)).
  • the anchoring system has an even number of protruding structural arms (12) and the corresponding anchoring lines (200) are arranged in diametrically opposed positions two by two.
  • the bottom sections (8) of the anchoring cable of all the anchoring sublines (200c, 200d) may be vertical (and parallel to each other).
  • the bottom section (8) of all the anchoring sublines (200c, 200d) may be slightly divergent, i.e. the anchoring point of the anchoring cable on the bottom weights (4) is more horizontally spaced from the central counterweight (1) than the outer pulley (first rotary fastening means (3)).
  • the floating platform (100) may comprise the following elements:
  • the hull or main structure (400) of the floating platform (100) has two main load conditions: a transport condition, in which all of its ballast tanks are empty and float freely with a characteristic waterline (21), and an operating condition, in which all of the anchoring lines (200) are connected to the seabed (5) and bear the net weight of the central counterweight (1).
  • a transport condition in which all of its ballast tanks are empty and float freely with a characteristic waterline (21)
  • an operating condition in which all of the anchoring lines (200) are connected to the seabed (5) and bear the net weight of the central counterweight (1).
  • Some of its ballast tanks may be fully or partially filled so that their waterline (21) matches the design waterline (operating draught (22)).
  • the floating platform (100) comprises the following elements:
  • the floating platform (100) comprises the following elements:
  • the floating platform (100) comprises the following elements: four arms (and therefore four anchoring lines and four legs).
  • the main and characteristic elements of its geometry are:
  • both the floating platform (100) and the central counterweight (1) float by themselves, with all the stability they need and are ready to be moved to another location or to port for maintenance operations.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)
  • Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)
EP22754909.4A 2021-06-10 2022-06-10 Système de mouillage et procédé d'installation d'une plateforme flottant utilisant ce système de mouillage Pending EP4353577A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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ES202130534 2021-06-10
PCT/IB2022/000334 WO2022259042A2 (fr) 2021-06-10 2022-06-10 Système de mouillage et procédé d'installation d'une plateforme flottant utilisant ce système de mouillage

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CN (1) CN117561198A (fr)
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US5107784A (en) * 1991-02-19 1992-04-28 Lacy Franklin R Docking system for boats
EP2743170B1 (fr) 2012-12-14 2018-11-07 GE Renewable Technologies Wind B.V. Structure de plate-forme pour éolienne avec des câbles prétendus
ES2555500B1 (es) * 2014-05-27 2016-12-13 Sea Wind Towers Sl Obra flotante y procedimiento de instalación de la misma
ES2629867B1 (es) 2015-11-24 2018-09-04 Antonio Luis GARCÍA FERRÁNDEZ Sistema y procedimiento de fondeo para plataformas marinas flotantes, que evita el movimiento de cabeceo y permite captar la energía de las olas

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