EP4349582A1 - Baling press and method for operating same - Google Patents
Baling press and method for operating same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP4349582A1 EP4349582A1 EP22200399.8A EP22200399A EP4349582A1 EP 4349582 A1 EP4349582 A1 EP 4349582A1 EP 22200399 A EP22200399 A EP 22200399A EP 4349582 A1 EP4349582 A1 EP 4349582A1
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- Prior art keywords
- chamber
- cylinders
- hydraulic
- press
- pressure
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000010720 hydraulic oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005429 filling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B30—PRESSES
- B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
- B30B9/00—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes
- B30B9/30—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for baling; Compression boxes therefor
- B30B9/3057—Fluid-driven presses
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B30—PRESSES
- B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
- B30B1/00—Presses, using a press ram, characterised by the features of the drive therefor, pressure being transmitted directly, or through simple thrust or tension members only, to the press ram or platen
- B30B1/32—Presses, using a press ram, characterised by the features of the drive therefor, pressure being transmitted directly, or through simple thrust or tension members only, to the press ram or platen by plungers under fluid pressure
- B30B1/34—Presses, using a press ram, characterised by the features of the drive therefor, pressure being transmitted directly, or through simple thrust or tension members only, to the press ram or platen by plungers under fluid pressure involving a plurality of plungers acting on the platen
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a baler with a press housing surrounding a press chamber and a press ram that can be moved in the press housing by means of a plurality of hydraulic cylinders, wherein the hydraulic cylinders form pairs of hydraulic cylinders arranged on both sides of the press chamber and can each be controlled in pairs by a hydraulic control system, as well as a method for operating such a baler.
- Such a baler is already available from EN 10 2020 133 711 A1
- This provides a baling press with a press housing, which has a pair of identical hydraulic cylinders on each of its two long sides, which move a press ram that can be moved within the press housing.
- the hydraulic control of such a press can dispense with controlling all hydraulic cylinders and instead operate the press ram with only individual hydraulic cylinders. This means that all four hydraulic cylinders can be used during pressing, i.e. in pulling operation, while a return to the starting position can be carried out with fewer, preferably two hydraulic cylinders.
- the present invention is based on the object of creating a baler with external hydraulic cylinders in pulling operation, which develops a high pressing force as well as rapid pressing and, at the same time, allows a rapid resetting movement.
- a baler is provided with a press housing surrounding a press chamber and a press ram that can be moved in the press housing by means of a plurality of hydraulic cylinders, wherein the hydraulic cylinders Form pairs of hydraulic cylinders arranged on both sides of the pressing chamber and can be controlled in pairs by a hydraulic control system.
- the hydraulic cylinders comprise a pair of two-chamber cylinders and a pair of three-chamber cylinders, with both sides of a piston being subjected to force as first and second active surfaces in all hydraulic cylinders and the three-chamber cylinders each being assigned a hollow piston rod with a feed line that can be telescoped with an inner tube, the inner end face of which is subjected to force as a third active surface directed against the pressing direction.
- a method for operating a baler with a press housing surrounding a press chamber wherein a press ram is moved with the aid of a plurality of hydraulic cylinders in the press housing, and wherein the hydraulic cylinders form pairs of hydraulic cylinders arranged on either side of the press chamber and are each controlled in pairs by a hydraulic control.
- the hydraulic cylinders comprise a pair of two-chamber cylinders and a pair of three-chamber cylinders, wherein the three-chamber cylinders each have a hollow piston rod that can be telescoped with an inner tube as a third pressure chamber, and the hydraulic control moves the press ram against a pressing direction exclusively by applying pressure to the third pressure chamber.
- Transferring the well-known three-chamber cylinder to a pulling baler results in numerous advantages. Due to the small volume of the third pressure chamber formed in the hollow piston rod, the hollow piston rod can be disengaged very quickly and using comparatively little hydraulic medium. If the other two pressure chambers are kept pressure-free, the propulsion also takes place with the full pressure of the hydraulic pump. The force provided by this is comparatively low, but since only the press ram is moved to its starting position and no material is pressed, this is not a disadvantage.
- the paired arrangement of conventional two-chamber cylinders and three-chamber cylinders means that only the third pressure chambers of two hydraulic cylinders need to be used to carry out the resetting movement. This means that all four hydraulic cylinders do not need to be operated during the resetting movement. Instead, the three-chamber cylinders pull the two-chamber cylinders back to their starting position. In the forward direction, however, all four cylinders can work with the full pressure of their first pressure chambers and develop a high force when pressing the material to be pressed.
- the hydraulic cylinders are assigned a first hydraulic pump for supplying pressure chambers formed in the hydraulic cylinders with a pressure medium and a second hydraulic pump for increasing the pressing pressure as required.
- the first hydraulic pump will be used in all operating states, i.e. during power advance, during which a particularly high pressing force is to be released, during rapid advance, in which the highest possible speed is to be achieved with a high pressing force, and during resetting to the initial state, i.e. the state in which the press ram is pushed out of the pressing chamber as completely as possible.
- the second hydraulic pump is only switched on during rapid advance and allows the required pressure to be made available to the hydraulic cylinders as quickly as possible.
- the two-chamber cylinders can be separated from the three-chamber cylinders on the inlet side by means of a first shut-off valve. This can ensure that the two-chamber cylinders are only pressurized when the shut-off valve is switched on, in particular during power propulsion, while in the other operating modes, i.e. during rapid propulsion and when reversing, they are only pulled along.
- the two-chamber cylinders and the three-chamber cylinders can be arranged one above the other on both sides of the press housing, with a two-chamber cylinder being arranged above a three-chamber cylinder on one side of the press housing and a two-chamber cylinder being arranged below a three-chamber cylinder on the other side of the press housing.
- This makes it possible to distribute the force of the hydraulic cylinders as evenly as possible, even when only the three-chamber cylinders are in operation. This prevents the press plate from twisting and thus tilting in a press chamber formed by the press housing. At the same time, an even distribution of force on the press ram also ensures that even bales are formed.
- the hydraulic control system moves the press ram in the pressing direction for rapid advance by pressurizing the first pressure chambers of the three-chamber cylinders only.
- the first pressure chambers of the three-chamber cylinders are aligned in such a way that pressurizing them causes the press ram to move in the pressing direction.
- the press chamber While the press chamber is being filled with loose material to be pressed, it can be useful to push the material to be pressed together and compact it beforehand, which can be done with a lower pressing force. Since this is usually an intermediate step, the operating personnel may wait for such pre-pressing to be completed. In order not to let the time required for this pass unused, a rapid movement of the press ram is particularly useful.
- the first pressure chamber of the three-chamber cylinders can be filled more quickly than during normal operation with all hydraulic cylinders, i.e. the power advance.
- This operating mode can be advantageously further developed by the hydraulic control for rapid propulsion using the third pressure chambers of the Three-chamber cylinder connects to the first pressure chambers of the three-chamber cylinder to accelerate the pressure build-up.
- hydraulic medium By pushing the hollow piston rod together during the filling of the first pressure chambers, hydraulic medium is pressed out of the third pressure chamber anyway and must be drained away. This hydraulic medium can be used directly to fill the first pressure chamber.
- a further improvement can be achieved by having the hydraulic control switch on a second hydraulic pump to quickly advance a first hydraulic pump. By switching on the additional second hydraulic pump in addition to the first hydraulic pump, which is already running, more pressure can be built up in a shorter time and the press ram can therefore be moved more quickly.
- the hydraulic control can move the press ram in the pressing direction by applying pressure to the first pressure chambers of all hydraulic cylinders. Only in this operating mode, where speed is ultimately less important than achieving sufficient pressing pressure, are all hydraulic cylinders used and their first pressure chambers filled. The hydraulic cylinders are therefore retracted as far as possible against the resistance of the material being pressed in order to achieve the greatest possible compaction of the bale created in the pressing chamber.
- Figure 1 shows a press ram 1 as it is used in a baler to compress filled material to be pressed.
- the press ram 1 is moved within a press housing (not shown here) in such a way that it enters a press chamber which has been previously filled with material to be pressed.
- a total of four hydraulic cylinders 2 and 3 act on the press ram 1 and actuate the press ram 1 by pulling.
- the hydraulic cylinders are two-chamber cylinders 2 and three-chamber cylinders 3, which are arranged alternately in the circumferential direction around the press chamber.
- a three-chamber cylinder 3 is arranged above a two-chamber cylinder 2, and on the opposite side, in the back of the picture, a two-chamber cylinder 2 is positioned above a three-chamber cylinder 3. It is intended to switch on the two-chamber cylinders 2 only when required and otherwise to work only with the three-chamber cylinders 3. This arrangement allows the cylinders to be connected crosswise and thus actuate the press ram 1 evenly as far as possible.
- the three-chamber cylinders 3 have a total of three pressure chambers 14, 15 and 16.
- Such a three-chamber cylinder 3 is in the Figure 2 This is surrounded by a cylinder jacket 13 and has a piston 9 and a piston rod attached to the piston 9, which in this case is a hollow piston rod 7.
- the piston 9 separates the interior of the cylinder jacket 13 into a first pressure chamber 14 and a second pressure chamber 15, which are separated by the movable piston 9.
- hydraulic medium generally hydraulic oil, for example into the first pressure chamber 14
- a first active surface 4 is subjected to force and the piston 9 retracts. This leads to a pulling movement on the press stamp 1, which is not shown here but is attached to the free end of the hollow piston rod 7.
- a particular advantage of the three-chamber cylinder 3 is that it can be disengaged either by filling a second pressure chamber 15 or by filling a third pressure chamber 16.
- Filling the second pressure chamber 15 is a counterpart to engaging by filling the first pressure chamber 14.
- the medium introduced into the second pressure chamber 15 exerts pressure on the second active surface 5, which on the piston 9 is opposite the first active surface 4 of the first pressure chamber 14.
- the third pressure chamber 16 is located in the hollow piston rod 7, which is telescopic via an inner tube 8.
- While the first pressure chamber 14 is fed via a first supply line 10 directly through the cylinder wall 13, which is also done in the case of the second pressure chamber 15 via a second supply line 11, the hydraulic medium passes via a third supply line 12 and the inner tube 8 into the space enclosed by the inner tube 8 and the hollow piston rod 7 and thereby applies force to a third effective surface 6 on the inside of the front surface of the third pressure chamber 16. Since the third pressure chamber 16 is thus considerably smaller than the other two pressure chambers 14 and 15, the piston 9 and with it the hollow piston rod 7 can be actuated by only applying pressure to the third pressure chamber 16. can be disengaged very quickly. Although this means that a smaller force can be exerted, it is available very quickly.
- FIG 3 Three operating modes of the baler are shown in a hydraulic circuit diagram.
- Figure 3a shows a power drive with which the actual pressing of the material to be pressed held in the pressing chamber is carried out with the maximum pressure.
- both the two-chamber cylinders 2 and the three-chamber cylinders 3 act on the press ram 1 and provide their greatest possible pressure.
- hydraulic medium is provided via a hydraulic pump 17 and is introduced into the first pressure chambers of the hydraulic cylinders 2 and 3.
- a first shut-off valve 19, which is arranged between the two-chamber cylinders 2 and the three-chamber cylinders 3, is open in this operating mode so that the hydraulic medium is applied to all hydraulic cylinders 2 and 3.
- a second shut-off valve 20, on the other hand, is closed.
- the opposite second pressure chambers 15 are connected to a tank 21. This allows hydraulic medium to be pressed out of the second pressure chambers 15 and fed back into the tank 21 due to the pressure in the first pressure chambers 14.
- the third pressure chambers 16 of the three-chamber cylinders 3 are also connected to the tank 21 in this operating mode. Because all first pressure chambers 14 are pressurized, the greatest usable force in the pressing direction is present in this operating mode.
- Figure 3b shows a control in a fast drive.
- the first shut-off valve 19 is now closed and the second shut-off valve 20 is opened, so that both pressure chambers of the two-chamber cylinders 2 are connected to one another and to the tank 21 and are therefore pulled along by the three-chamber cylinders 3 without pressure.
- the three-chamber cylinders 3, on the other hand, are subjected to the pressure of both the first hydraulic pump 17 and the pressure of an additional second hydraulic pump 18 in order to quickly increase the pressure in the first pressure chambers 14 of the three-chamber cylinders 3 and to actuate them accordingly quickly.
- the third pressure chambers 16 of the three-chamber cylinders 3 are short-circuited with their first pressure chambers 14, so that the hydraulic medium is pumped out of the third pressure chamber 16 due to the pressure of the first pressure chamber 14 and due to the conveying effect of the hydraulic pumps 17 and 18 and is fed directly into the first pressure chambers 14 and in this respect a return flow 22 takes place within the system.
- Figure 3c finally concerns the last of the mentioned operating modes.
- the press ram 1 In order to reset to the initial state, it is sufficient, due to the lack of required pressing force, that the press ram 1 is operated solely with the third pressure chambers 16 of the hollow piston rods 7.
- the first shut-off valve 19 separates the two-chamber cylinders 2 from the three-chamber cylinders 3 and that the two-chamber cylinders 2 can be pulled along due to the connection of both pressure chambers to the tank 21.
- the first pressure chambers 14 of the three-chamber cylinders 3 are now also connected to the tank 21, so that the third pressure chambers 16, which are the only ones pressurized, both propel the press ram 1 and empty the first pressure chamber 14.
- the second pressure chambers 15 of both the two-chamber cylinder 2 and the three-chamber cylinder 3 remain connected to the tank during all three operating modes mentioned, since no pressure is built up through them.
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Abstract
Es ist bereits bekannt, dass ein Pressstempel (1) einer Ballenpresse mithilfe von mehreren, außen liegenden Hydraulikzylindern ziehend bewegt werden kann, wobei die Hydraulikzylinder pressdruckabhängig paarweise betrieben werden können. Wird nur eine geringe Kraft benötigt, so kann demnach eine Verpressung mit zwei von vier Hydraulikzylindern (2,3) erfolgen. Um verschiedene, angepasste und optimierte Betriebsmodi anbieten zu können, schlägt die vorliegende Erfindung schlägt hiervon ausgehend vor, dass jeweils ein Paar von Zweikammerzylindern (2) und ein Paar von Dreikammerzylindern (3) eingesetzt werden, wobei die Ansteuerung den jeweiligen Bedürfnissen angepasst wird.It is already known that a pressing ram (1) of a baling press can be moved by pulling using several external hydraulic cylinders, whereby the hydraulic cylinders can be operated in pairs depending on the pressing pressure. If only a small amount of force is required, pressing can therefore be carried out using two of four hydraulic cylinders (2, 3). In order to be able to offer various, adapted and optimized operating modes, the present invention proposes that a pair of two-chamber cylinders (2) and a pair of three-chamber cylinders (3) are used, whereby the control is adapted to the respective requirements.
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Ballenpresse mit einem eine Presskammer umgebenden Pressengehäuse und einem mithilfe einer Mehrzahl von Hydraulikzylindern in dem Pressengehäuse verfahrbaren Pressstempel, wobei die Hydraulikzylinder Paare von beidseits der Presskammer angeordneten Hydraulikzylindern bilden und jeweils paarweise von einer Hydrauliksteuerung ansteuerbar sind, sowie ein Verfahren zum Betrieb einer solchen.The present invention relates to a baler with a press housing surrounding a press chamber and a press ram that can be moved in the press housing by means of a plurality of hydraulic cylinders, wherein the hydraulic cylinders form pairs of hydraulic cylinders arranged on both sides of the press chamber and can each be controlled in pairs by a hydraulic control system, as well as a method for operating such a baler.
Eine derartige Ballenpresse ist bereits aus der
Trotzdem durch den Wegfall zweier Hydraulikzylinder bei gleicher Pumpenleistung weniger Hydrauliköl bewegt werden muss, ist die Verfahrgeschwindigkeit der bekannten Pressen immer noch vergleichsweise niedrig. Jedoch ist gerade bei Ballenpressen oftmals die Situation gegeben, dass eingefülltes Material zwischendurch verpresst oder auch in der Presskammer verschoben werden soll, während das Bedienpersonal darauf wartet, die Ballenpresse weiter zu befüllen. Es erscheint daher sinnvoll, eine hohe Verfahrgeschwindigkeit zu erreichen.Although less hydraulic oil has to be moved due to the elimination of two hydraulic cylinders with the same pump output, the travel speed of the known presses is still comparatively low. However, especially with balers, the situation often arises that the material that has been filled in needs to be pressed or moved in the press chamber while the operating personnel wait to continue filling the baler. It therefore seems sensible to achieve a high travel speed.
In diesem Zusammenhang ist es zusätzlich bekannt, so genannte Dreikammerzylinder einzusetzen. Diese weisen eine Hohlkolbenstange auf, welche als dritte Druckkammer dient und mit welcher der Kolben aufgrund der Zusammenwirkung zweier Druckkammern schneller bewegt werden kann. Ein solcher Dreikammerzylinder ist für eine Ballenpresse mit innenliegendem Hydraulikzylinder aus der
Ausgehend von diesem Stand der Technik liegt der vorliegenden Erfindung die Aufgabe zu Grunde, eine Ballenpresse mit außenliegenden Hydraulikzylindern im ziehenden Betrieb zu schaffen, welche sowohl eine große Presskraft entfaltet, als auch eine schnelle Verpressung, und gleichermaßen eine schnelle Rücksetzbewegung erlaubt.Based on this prior art, the present invention is based on the object of creating a baler with external hydraulic cylinders in pulling operation, which develops a high pressing force as well as rapid pressing and, at the same time, allows a rapid resetting movement.
Gelöst wird diese Aufgabe durch eine Ballenpresse gemäß den Merkmalen des unabhängigen Anspruchs 1 sowie durch ein Verfahren zum Betrieb einer solchen Ballenpresse gemäß den Merkmalen des nebengeordneten Anspruchs 5-Sinnvolle Ausgestaltungen sowohl der Ballenpresse als auch des Verfahrens zum Betrieb einer solchen können den sich jeweils anschließenden abhängigen Ansprüchen entnommen werden.This object is achieved by a baler according to the features of
Vorgesehen ist eine Ballenpresse mit einem eine Presskammer umgebenden Pressengehäuse und einem mithilfe einer Mehrzahl von Hydraulikzylindern in dem Pressengehäuse verfahrbaren Pressstempel, wobei die Hydraulikzylinder Paare von beidseits der Presskammer angeordneten Hydraulikzylindern bilden und jeweils paarweise von einer Hydrauliksteuerung ansteuerbar sind. Diese ist erfindungsgemäß dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Hydraulikzylinder ein Paar von Zweikammerzylindern und ein Paar von Dreikammerzylindern umfassen, wobei bei allen Hydraulikzylindern beide Seiten eines Kolbens als erste und zweite Wirkflächen kraftbeaufschlagt sind und den Dreikammerzylindern jeweils eine mit einem Innenrohr teleskopierbare Hohlkolbenstange mit Zuleitung zugeordnet ist, deren innere Stirnfläche als entgegen der Pressrichtung gerichtete dritte Wirkfläche kraftbeaufschlagt ist.A baler is provided with a press housing surrounding a press chamber and a press ram that can be moved in the press housing by means of a plurality of hydraulic cylinders, wherein the hydraulic cylinders Form pairs of hydraulic cylinders arranged on both sides of the pressing chamber and can be controlled in pairs by a hydraulic control system. This is characterized according to the invention in that the hydraulic cylinders comprise a pair of two-chamber cylinders and a pair of three-chamber cylinders, with both sides of a piston being subjected to force as first and second active surfaces in all hydraulic cylinders and the three-chamber cylinders each being assigned a hollow piston rod with a feed line that can be telescoped with an inner tube, the inner end face of which is subjected to force as a third active surface directed against the pressing direction.
Weiter vorgesehen ist ein Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Ballenpresse mit einem eine Presskammer umgebenden Pressengehäuse, wobei mithilfe einer Mehrzahl von Hydraulikzylindern in dem Pressengehäuse ein Pressstempel verfahren wird und wobei die Hydraulikzylinder Paare von beidseits der Presskammer angeordneten Hydraulikzylindern bilden und jeweils paarweise von einer Hydrauliksteuerung angesteuert werden. Dieses wiederum ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Hydraulikzylinder ein Paar von Zweikammerzylindern und ein Paar von Dreikammerzylindern umfassen, wobei die Dreikammerzylinder jeweils eine mit einem Innenrohr teleskopierbare Hohlkolbenstange als dritte Druckkammer aufweisen und die Hydrauliksteuerung den Pressstempel entgegen einer Pressrichtung ausschließlich vermittels einer Druckbeaufschlagung der dritten Druckkammer verfährt.A method is also provided for operating a baler with a press housing surrounding a press chamber, wherein a press ram is moved with the aid of a plurality of hydraulic cylinders in the press housing, and wherein the hydraulic cylinders form pairs of hydraulic cylinders arranged on either side of the press chamber and are each controlled in pairs by a hydraulic control. This in turn is characterized in that the hydraulic cylinders comprise a pair of two-chamber cylinders and a pair of three-chamber cylinders, wherein the three-chamber cylinders each have a hollow piston rod that can be telescoped with an inner tube as a third pressure chamber, and the hydraulic control moves the press ram against a pressing direction exclusively by applying pressure to the third pressure chamber.
Durch die Übertragung des bekannten Dreikammerzylinders auf eine ziehend betriebene Ballenpresse ergeben sich zahlreiche Vorteile. Die Hohlkolbenstange kann aufgrund des geringen Volumens des in der Hohlkolbenstange gebildeten dritten Druckraums sehr schnell und unter Verwendung von vergleichsweise wenig Hydraulikmedium ausrücken. Werden die beiden anderen Druckkammern druckfrei gehalten, so erfolgt der Vortrieb zudem mit dem vollständigen Druck der Hydraulikpumpe. Die hierdurch bereitstehende Kraft ist zwar vergleichsweise gering, da aber nur der Pressstempel in seine Ausgangslage verschoben und kein Material verpresst wird, ist dies nicht von Nachteil.Transferring the well-known three-chamber cylinder to a pulling baler results in numerous advantages. Due to the small volume of the third pressure chamber formed in the hollow piston rod, the hollow piston rod can be disengaged very quickly and using comparatively little hydraulic medium. If the other two pressure chambers are kept pressure-free, the propulsion also takes place with the full pressure of the hydraulic pump. The force provided by this is comparatively low, but since only the press ram is moved to its starting position and no material is pressed, this is not a disadvantage.
Gleichzeitig kann durch die paarweise Anordnung von herkömmlichen Zweikammerzylindern und Dreikammerzylindern erreicht werden, dass lediglich die dritten Druckkammern von zwei Hydraulikzylindern eingesetzt werden müssen, um die Rücksetzbewegung auszuführen. Ein Betrieb aller vier Hydraulikzylindern kann dadurch während der Rücksetzbewegung entfallen. Vielmehr ziehen die Dreikammerzylinder die Zweikammerzylinder wieder in ihre Ausgangsposition zurück. In Vortriebsrichtung hingegen können alle vier Zylinder mit dem vollen Druck ihrer ersten Druckkammern arbeiten und beim Verpressen des Pressguts eine hohe Kraft entfalten.At the same time, the paired arrangement of conventional two-chamber cylinders and three-chamber cylinders means that only the third pressure chambers of two hydraulic cylinders need to be used to carry out the resetting movement. This means that all four hydraulic cylinders do not need to be operated during the resetting movement. Instead, the three-chamber cylinders pull the two-chamber cylinders back to their starting position. In the forward direction, however, all four cylinders can work with the full pressure of their first pressure chambers and develop a high force when pressing the material to be pressed.
Bevorzugtermaßen kann es vorgesehen sein, dass den Hydraulikzylindern eine erste Hydraulikpumpe zur Beschickung von in den Hydraulikzylindern gebildeten Druckkammern mit einem Druckmedium und eine zweite Hydraulikpumpe zur bedarfsweisen Verstärkung des Pressdrucks zugeordnet ist. In einem solchen Fall wird die erste Hydraulikpumpe in allen Betriebszuständen, also bei einem Kraftvortrieb, während dessen eine besonders große Presskraft freigesetzt werden soll, bei einem Schnellvortrieb, in dem bei hoher Presskraft auch eine möglichst hohe Geschwindigkeit erreicht werden soll und bei der Rücksetzung in den Initialzustand, also dem Zustand, in dem der Pressstempel möglichst vollständig aus der Presskammer ausgeschoben ist, im Einsatz sein. Die zweite Hydraulikpumpe wird hingegen lediglich während des Schnellvortriebs zugeschaltet und erlaubt es dabei, den benötigten Druck an den Hydraulikzylindern schnellstmöglich zur Verfügung zu stellen.Preferably, it can be provided that the hydraulic cylinders are assigned a first hydraulic pump for supplying pressure chambers formed in the hydraulic cylinders with a pressure medium and a second hydraulic pump for increasing the pressing pressure as required. In such a case, the first hydraulic pump will be used in all operating states, i.e. during power advance, during which a particularly high pressing force is to be released, during rapid advance, in which the highest possible speed is to be achieved with a high pressing force, and during resetting to the initial state, i.e. the state in which the press ram is pushed out of the pressing chamber as completely as possible. The second hydraulic pump, on the other hand, is only switched on during rapid advance and allows the required pressure to be made available to the hydraulic cylinders as quickly as possible.
Weiter kann es vorgesehen sein, dass die Zweikammerzylinder zulaufseitig mittels eines ersten Absperrventils von den Dreikammerzylindern trennbar sind. Hierdurch kann sichergestellt werden, dass die Zweikammerzylinder lediglich bei einem Zuschalten des Absperrventils, insbesondere beim Kraftvortrieb, unter Druck gesetzt werden, während sie in den anderen Betriebsmodi, also beim Schnellvortrieb und beim Rücksetzen, lediglich mitgezogen werden.Furthermore, it can be provided that the two-chamber cylinders can be separated from the three-chamber cylinders on the inlet side by means of a first shut-off valve. This can ensure that the two-chamber cylinders are only pressurized when the shut-off valve is switched on, in particular during power propulsion, while in the other operating modes, i.e. during rapid propulsion and when reversing, they are only pulled along.
Mit einigem Vorteil kann es vorgesehen sein, dass die Zweikammerzylinder und die Dreikammerzylinder beiderseits des Pressengehäuses übereinander angeordnet sind, wobei auf einer Seite des Pressengehäuses ein Zweikammerzylinder oberhalb von einem Dreikammerzylinder und auf der anderen Seite des Pressengehäuses ein Zweikammerzylinder unterhalb von einem Dreikammerzylinder angeordnet ist. Dies ermöglicht es, die Kraft der Hydraulikzylinder auch bei einem Betrieb lediglich der Dreikammerzylinder möglichst gleichmäßig zu verteilen. Ein Verdrehen und damit ein Verkanten der Pressplatte in einer von dem Pressengehäuse gebildeten Presskammer kann dadurch vermieden werden. Gleichzeitig sorgt eine gleichmäßige Kraftverteilung am Pressstempel auch für die Bildung gleichmäßiger Ballen.It can be advantageous for the two-chamber cylinders and the three-chamber cylinders to be arranged one above the other on both sides of the press housing, with a two-chamber cylinder being arranged above a three-chamber cylinder on one side of the press housing and a two-chamber cylinder being arranged below a three-chamber cylinder on the other side of the press housing. This makes it possible to distribute the force of the hydraulic cylinders as evenly as possible, even when only the three-chamber cylinders are in operation. This prevents the press plate from twisting and thus tilting in a press chamber formed by the press housing. At the same time, an even distribution of force on the press ram also ensures that even bales are formed.
In konkreter Ausgestaltung des Verfahrens ist es vorteilhaft, wenn die Hydrauliksteuerung für einen Schnellvortrieb den Pressstempel in Pressrichtung durch Beaufschlagung von ersten Druckkammern ausschließlich der Dreikammerzylinder verfährt. Die ersten Druckkammern der Dreikammerzylinder sind so ausgerichtet, dass eine Druckbeaufschlagung in diesen eine Bewegung des Pressstempels in Pressrichtung bewirkt. Während des Befüllens der Presskammer mit losem Pressgut kann es sinnvoll sein, zwischendurch das Pressgut zusammenzuschieben und vorab zu verdichten, was mit einer geringeren Presskraft erfolgen kann. Da dies in der Regel einen Zwischenschritt darstellt, wartet hierfür das Bedienpersonal möglicherweise auf den Abschluss einer solchen Vorverpressung. Um die hierfür benötigte Zeit nicht ungenutzt verstreichen zu lassen, ist ein schnelles Verfahren des Pressstempels besonders sinnvoll. Dadurch, dass für die Zweikammerzylinder kein zusätzlicher Druck aufgebaut und von der oder den Hydraulikpumpen kein zusätzliches Hydrauliköl bereitgestellt werden muss, kann die erste Druckkammer der Dreikammerzylinder schneller gefüllt werden als bei einem normalen Betrieb mit allen Hydraulikzylindern, also dem Kraftvortrieb.In a specific embodiment of the method, it is advantageous if the hydraulic control system moves the press ram in the pressing direction for rapid advance by pressurizing the first pressure chambers of the three-chamber cylinders only. The first pressure chambers of the three-chamber cylinders are aligned in such a way that pressurizing them causes the press ram to move in the pressing direction. While the press chamber is being filled with loose material to be pressed, it can be useful to push the material to be pressed together and compact it beforehand, which can be done with a lower pressing force. Since this is usually an intermediate step, the operating personnel may wait for such pre-pressing to be completed. In order not to let the time required for this pass unused, a rapid movement of the press ram is particularly useful. Because no additional pressure has to be built up for the two-chamber cylinders and no additional hydraulic oil has to be provided by the hydraulic pump(s), the first pressure chamber of the three-chamber cylinders can be filled more quickly than during normal operation with all hydraulic cylinders, i.e. the power advance.
Dieser Betriebsmodus kann vorteilhaft dadurch weitergebildet werden, dass die Hydrauliksteuerung für einen Schnellvortrieb die dritten Druckkammern der Dreikammerzylinder zur Beschleunigung des Druckaufbaus mit den ersten Druckkammern der Dreikammerzylinder verbindet. Durch das Zusammenschieben der Hohlkolbenstange im Zuge des Befüllens der ersten Druckkammern wird ohnehin Hydraulikmedium aus der dritten Druckkammer herausgedrückt und muss abgeführt werden. Dieses Hydraulikmedium kann auf direktem Weg dazu verwendet werden, den ersten Druckraum zu befüllen.This operating mode can be advantageously further developed by the hydraulic control for rapid propulsion using the third pressure chambers of the Three-chamber cylinder connects to the first pressure chambers of the three-chamber cylinder to accelerate the pressure build-up. By pushing the hollow piston rod together during the filling of the first pressure chambers, hydraulic medium is pressed out of the third pressure chamber anyway and must be drained away. This hydraulic medium can be used directly to fill the first pressure chamber.
Eine weitere Verbesserung kann dadurch erreicht werden, dass die Hydrauliksteuerung für einen Schnellvortrieb einer ersten Hydraulikpumpe eine zweite Hydraulikpumpe zuschaltet. Durch dieses Zuschalten der zusätzlichen zweiten Hydraulikpumpe zu der ohnehin laufenden ersten Hydraulikpumpe kann mehr Druck in kürzerer Zeit aufgebaut und dadurch der Pressstempel schneller bewegt werden.A further improvement can be achieved by having the hydraulic control switch on a second hydraulic pump to quickly advance a first hydraulic pump. By switching on the additional second hydraulic pump in addition to the first hydraulic pump, which is already running, more pressure can be built up in a shorter time and the press ram can therefore be moved more quickly.
Wie bereits angesprochen kann es für den Kraftvortrieb zur Erreichung einer maximalen Presskraft vorgesehen sein, dass die Hydrauliksteuerung den Pressstempel in Pressrichtung durch Beaufschlagung von ersten Druckkammern aller Hydraulikzylinder verfährt. Lediglich in diesem Betriebsmodus, bei dem es letztlich weniger auf Geschwindigkeit als auf das Erreichen eines ausreichenden Pressdrucks ankommt, werden alle Hydraulikzylinder eingesetzt und deren erste Druckkammern befüllt. Die Hydraulikzylinder werden also soweit eingefahren wie dies gegen den Widerstand des eingefüllten Pressguts möglich ist um hierbei eine größtmögliche Verdichtung des in der Presskammer entstehenden Ballens zu erreichen.As already mentioned, for the power drive to achieve maximum pressing force, the hydraulic control can move the press ram in the pressing direction by applying pressure to the first pressure chambers of all hydraulic cylinders. Only in this operating mode, where speed is ultimately less important than achieving sufficient pressing pressure, are all hydraulic cylinders used and their first pressure chambers filled. The hydraulic cylinders are therefore retracted as far as possible against the resistance of the material being pressed in order to achieve the greatest possible compaction of the bale created in the pressing chamber.
Die vorstehend beschriebene Erfindung wird im Folgenden anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert.The invention described above is explained in more detail below using an embodiment.
Es zeigen
Figur 1- ein Pressstempel einer ausgeblendeten Ballenpresse mit vier daran angreifenden Hydraulikzylindern in perspektivischer Darstellung,
Figur 2- einen Dreikammerzylinder in halb ausgerückter Stellung in einem Längsschnitt, sowie
Figur 3- ein Hydraulikschaltbild der vier Hydraulikzylinder mit angeschlossenem Pressstempel gemäß
in den drei verschiedenen Betriebsmodi des Kraftvortriebs (a) des Schnellvortriebs (b) und der Rücksetzung in den Initialzustand (c).Figur 1
- Figure 1
- a press ram of a hidden baler with four hydraulic cylinders attached to it in perspective view,
- Figure 2
- a three-chamber cylinder in half-disengaged position in a longitudinal section, as well as
- Figure 3
- a hydraulic circuit diagram of the four hydraulic cylinders with connected press ram according to
Figure 1 in the three different operating modes of power propulsion (a), rapid propulsion (b) and resetting to the initial state (c).
Während es sich bei den Zweikammerzylindern 2 um herkömmliche, doppelt wirkende Hydraulikzylinder handelt, weisen die Dreikammerzylinder 3 insgesamt drei Druckkammern 14, 15 und 16 auf. Ein solcher Dreikammerzylinder 3 ist in der
Ein besonderer Vorteil des Dreikammerzylinders 3 besteht darin, dass er wahlweise durch eine Befüllung einer zweiten Druckkammer 15 oder durch Befüllung einer dritten Druckkammer 16 ausgerückt werden kann. Die Befüllung der zweiten Druckkammer 15 stellt ein Gegenstück zu dem Einrücken durch die Befüllung der ersten Druckkammer 14 dar. Das in die zweite Druckkammer 15 eingeleitete Medium übt einen Druck auf die zweite Wirkfläche 5 aus, welche an dem Kolben 9 der ersten Wirkfläche 4 der ersten Druckkammer 14 gegenüberliegt. Hingegen befindet sich die dritte Druckkammer 16 in der Hohlkolbenstange 7, welche über ein Innenrohr 8 teleskopierbar ist. Während die erste Drucckammer 14 über eine erste Zuleitung 10 direkt durch die Zylinderwand 13 beschickt wird, was entsprechend auch bei der zweiten Druckkammer 15 über eine zweite Zuleitung 11 erfolgt, gelangt das Hydraulikmedium über eine dritte Zuleitung 12 und das Innenrohr 8 in den von dem Innenrohr 8 und der Hohlkolbenstange 7 gemeinsam umschlossenen Raum und kraftbeaufschlagt dabei eine dritte Wirkfläche 6 auf der Innenseite der Stirnfläche des dritten Druckraums 16. Da der dritte Druckraum 16 damit erheblich kleiner ist als die beiden anderen Druckräume 14 und 15, kann durch ein alleiniges Beaufschlagen des dritten Druckraums 16 der Kolben 9 und mit diesem die Hohlkolbenstange 7 sehr schnell ausgerückt werden. Zwar kann hierdurch eine geringere Kraft ausgeübt werden, jedoch steht diese sehr schnell bereit. Aufgrund der Ausrichtung des Dreikammerzylinders 3 dergestalt, dass die dritte Wirkfläche 6 in Rücksetzrichtung des Pressstempels 1 kraftbeaufschlagt wird, und die Rücksetzung des Pressstempels nur eine geringe Kraft benötigt, kann diese Rücksetzung über die dritte Druckkammer 16 vorteilhafterweise schnell und mit geringem Energieeinsatz erfolgen.A particular advantage of the three-
In
Vorstehend beschrieben ist somit eine Ballenpresse mit außenliegenden Hydraulikzylindern im ziehenden Betrieb, welche sowohl eine große Presskraft entfaltet, als auch eine schnelle Verpressung, und gleichermaßen eine schnelle Rücksetzbewegung erlaubt.What is described above is a baler with external hydraulic cylinders in pulling operation, which develops a high pressing force as well as rapid pressing and, at the same time, allows a quick resetting movement.
- 11
- PressstempelPress stamp
- 22
- ZweikammerzylinderTwo-chamber cylinder
- 33
- DreikammerzylinderThree-chamber cylinder
- 44
- erste Wirkflächefirst effective area
- 55
- zweite Wirkflächesecond effective area
- 66
- dritte Wirkflächethird effective area
- 77
- HohlkolbenstangeHollow piston rod
- 88th
- InnenrohrInner tube
- 99
- KolbenPistons
- 1010
- erste Zuleitungfirst supply line
- 1111
- zweite Zuleitungsecond supply line
- 1212
- dritte Zuleitungthird supply line
- 1313
- ZylindermantelCylinder jacket
- 1414
- erste Druckkammerfirst pressure chamber
- 1515
- zweite Druckkammersecond pressure chamber
- 1616
- dritte Druckkammerthird pressure chamber
- 1717
- erste Hydraulikpumpefirst hydraulic pump
- 1818
- zweite Hydraulikpumpesecond hydraulic pump
- 1919
- erstes Absperrventilfirst shut-off valve
- 2020
- zweites Absperrventilsecond shut-off valve
- 2121
- Tanktank
- 2222
- RückflussBackflow
Claims (9)
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Hydraulikzylinder (2, 3) ein Paar von Zweikammerzylindern (2) und ein Paar von Dreikammerzylindern (3) umfassen, wobei bei allen Hydraulikzylindern (2, 3) beide Seiten eines Kolbens (9) als erste und zweite Wirkflächen (4, 5) kraftbeaufschlagt sind und den Dreikammerzylindern (3) jeweils eine mit einem Innenrohr (8) teleskopierbare Hohlkolbenstange (7) mit Zuleitung (12) zugeordnet ist, deren innere Stirnfläche als entgegen der Pressrichtung gerichtete dritte Wirkfläche (6) kraftbeaufschlagt ist.Baling press with a press housing surrounding a press chamber and a press ram (1) which can be moved in the press housing by means of a plurality of hydraulic cylinders (2, 3), wherein the hydraulic cylinders (2, 3) form pairs of hydraulic cylinders (2, 3) arranged on both sides of the press chamber and can each be controlled in pairs by a hydraulic control system,
characterized in that the hydraulic cylinders (2, 3) comprise a pair of two-chamber cylinders (2) and a pair of three-chamber cylinders (3), wherein in all hydraulic cylinders (2, 3) both sides of a piston (9) are subjected to force as first and second active surfaces (4, 5) and the three-chamber cylinders (3) are each assigned a hollow piston rod (7) with a feed line (12) which can be telescoped with an inner tube (8), the inner end face of which is subjected to force as a third active surface (6) directed against the pressing direction.
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Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102005037147A1 (en) * | 2005-08-06 | 2007-02-08 | Strautmann Maschinenbau Gmbh | Baling press especially for recycling materials has a thrust plate driven by four hydraulic cylinders with at least two cylinders in a master=slave configuration for even compaction |
EP2848397A1 (en) * | 2013-09-13 | 2015-03-18 | Maschinenfabrik Bermatingen GmbH & Co. KG | Baling press |
EP3620296A1 (en) | 2018-09-10 | 2020-03-11 | Maschinenfabrik Bermatingen GmbH & Co. KG | Baling press and method for controlling same |
DE102020133711A1 (en) | 2020-12-16 | 2022-06-23 | Sib Strautmann Ingenieurbüro Gmbh | Baler and method of operating the baler |
-
2022
- 2022-10-07 EP EP22200399.8A patent/EP4349582A1/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102005037147A1 (en) * | 2005-08-06 | 2007-02-08 | Strautmann Maschinenbau Gmbh | Baling press especially for recycling materials has a thrust plate driven by four hydraulic cylinders with at least two cylinders in a master=slave configuration for even compaction |
EP2848397A1 (en) * | 2013-09-13 | 2015-03-18 | Maschinenfabrik Bermatingen GmbH & Co. KG | Baling press |
EP3620296A1 (en) | 2018-09-10 | 2020-03-11 | Maschinenfabrik Bermatingen GmbH & Co. KG | Baling press and method for controlling same |
DE102020133711A1 (en) | 2020-12-16 | 2022-06-23 | Sib Strautmann Ingenieurbüro Gmbh | Baler and method of operating the baler |
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