EP4334982A1 - Solar module and use of a protective layer - Google Patents

Solar module and use of a protective layer

Info

Publication number
EP4334982A1
EP4334982A1 EP22747252.9A EP22747252A EP4334982A1 EP 4334982 A1 EP4334982 A1 EP 4334982A1 EP 22747252 A EP22747252 A EP 22747252A EP 4334982 A1 EP4334982 A1 EP 4334982A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
solar
protective layer
solar module
solar cells
metallization
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP22747252.9A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Peter CLAWIN
Sven RISSLAND
Christian Stelling
Björn FAULWETTER QUANDT
Christian TAUBITZ
Ronny Bakowskie
Henry Parusel
Thoralf HARDER
Sven Thormann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hanwha Q Cells GmbH
Original Assignee
Hanwha Q Cells GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hanwha Q Cells GmbH filed Critical Hanwha Q Cells GmbH
Publication of EP4334982A1 publication Critical patent/EP4334982A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/02—Details
    • H01L31/0216—Coatings
    • H01L31/02161—Coatings for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
    • H01L31/02167—Coatings for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/02—Details
    • H01L31/0224—Electrodes
    • H01L31/022408—Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
    • H01L31/022425—Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
    • H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
    • H01L31/0481—Encapsulation of modules characterised by the composition of the encapsulation material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
    • H01L31/05—Electrical interconnection means between PV cells inside the PV module, e.g. series connection of PV cells
    • H01L31/0504—Electrical interconnection means between PV cells inside the PV module, e.g. series connection of PV cells specially adapted for series or parallel connection of solar cells in a module
    • H01L31/0512—Electrical interconnection means between PV cells inside the PV module, e.g. series connection of PV cells specially adapted for series or parallel connection of solar cells in a module made of a particular material or composition of materials

Definitions

  • a solar module usually has a plate-shaped front-side element, a plate-shaped rear-side element and an encapsulation material for solar cells, which is arranged between the front-side element and the rear-side element.
  • the solar module has a plurality of solar cells which are arranged between the front element and the rear element and are encapsulated in a weatherproof manner in an encapsulation volume by means of the front element, the rear element and the encapsulation material enclosing the solar cells in the form of a laminate.
  • the solar module also contains cell connectors that are arranged and designed in such a way that the solar cells are electrically connected to one another.
  • the solar module has a front side through which the sunlight enters during operation and a back side that is opposite the front side and faces away from the sunlight.
  • the solar cells which are produced in particular on the basis of semiconductor wafers, also each have a front side through which the sunlight enters during operation, and a rear side which is opposite the front side and faces away from the sunlight.
  • Each solar cell has a substrate and a metallization, usually in the form of a front-side metallization and a rear-side metallization, between which the substrate is located.
  • the front-side metallization and the rear-side metallization of the solar cells are in mechanical contact with the encapsulation material.
  • the encapsulation material can react with the release of one or more corrosive reaction products due to the influence of heat and moisture.
  • the moisture usually penetrates into the solar module via the surrounding edges solar module laminate.
  • the front and back panels are typically permanently weatherproof.
  • the critical area is the edges of the solar module laminate. Structural protective measures against the ingress of liquid are provided on these, but compared to the permanent tightness of the front side and the
  • Rear element against penetrating moisture does not have the same barrier effect.
  • the encapsulating material is EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate)
  • moisture ingress can produce acetic acid as a corrosive reaction product through hydrolysis of the EVA.
  • the corrosive reaction product or products in turn react with the front and rear metallization of the solar cell, which leads to defects.
  • the front-side metallizations are designed as finger electrodes, a reaction between the finger electrodes and the corrosive reaction product leads, for example, to finger corrosion (finger contact loss/FCL) and a loss of performance of the solar module.
  • Finger contact loss/FCL finger contact loss/FCL
  • Corrosion of the electrical cell contacts in the form of cell connectors which is also possible, also leads to considerable power losses in the solar module.
  • the invention is based on the basic knowledge that decomposition of the encapsulation material in particular corrodes the metals from the metallization of the solar cell. Investigations by the inventors have shown that the protective layer provided prevents this corrosion or at least significantly reduces it. The application of the protective layer prevents an interaction and/or a reaction between the solar cell metallization and the encapsulation material, which leads to degradation effects, so that protection for the front-side metallization and/or the cell connectors is achieved. This gives the solar module improved long-term stability with regard to the output provided.
  • a protective layer is to be understood as meaning that >90%, preferably >95% of their respective surface is provided with the protective layer. This means a surface that is not in contact with other components of the solar cell, rather an exposed surface of the front side metallization and/or the cell connector is meant when the solar cell is ready to be laminated into the encapsulation material.
  • the metallization of the solar cells provided with the protective layer can be the respective front-side metallization and/or rear-side metallization of the solar cells.
  • the solar cells can be designed as monofacial or bifacial solar cells.
  • Monofacial solar cells can only utilize light incident on their front side, while a bifacial solar cell can utilize sunlight incident on two sides.
  • the bifacial solar cell can not only absorb direct light from the front, but also a direct or use indirect incidence of light from the back, the latter in the form of reflected sunlight, for example.
  • the monofacial solar cell preferably has the front-side metallization in the form of finger electrodes and the rear-side metallization in the form of full-surface metallization.
  • the bifacial solar cell preferably has the front-side metallization in the form of finger electrodes and the rear-side metallization in the form of finger electrodes.
  • the metallization is preferably provided with the protective layer if it is in the form of finger electrodes.
  • the front side metallization of the solar cells is provided with the protective layer over the entire surface or for the most part.
  • This embodiment is particularly preferred when the solar cells are monofacial solar cells that have front-side metallization in the form of finger electrodes and rear-side metallization in the form of full-surface metallization.
  • the solar cells are bifacial and have the front-side metallization in the form of finger electrodes and the rear-side metallization in the form of finger electrodes
  • the front-side metallization of the solar cells and the rear-side metallization of the solar cells are preferably provided with the protective layer.
  • the solar module produced with these solar cells is also bifacial or monofacial.
  • a film that is largely transparent to light or glass is preferably used as the rear element. In this way, light that goes unused through the module and reflected light from the environment can be used via the back of the solar module.
  • the solar cells preferably each have the front side metallization in the form of finger electrodes.
  • the finger electrodes are preferably provided with the protective layer over their entire surface or for the most part, while the rest of the front side the solar cell has no protective layer, ie is not provided with it.
  • the expression “without a protective layer” means that there are no overlaps in the protective layer in the submillimeter range at the edge of the finger electrodes.
  • the protective layer prevents or at least reduces finger corrosion and FLC.
  • the solar cells each have the rear side metallization in the form of finger electrodes
  • these finger electrodes are preferably also provided with the protective layer over the entire surface or for the most part, while the remaining rear side of the solar cell has no protective layer, i.e. is not provided with the protective layer.
  • a material of the protective layer is selected from the group consisting of lacquer, polyolefin and/or self-assembling monolayer.
  • the self-assembling monolayer preferably comprises a long-chain compound having a functional group adapted to undergo chemisorption at a metal surface. More preferably, the self-assembling monolayer, also called SAM (Self-Assembled Monolayer), consists of this compound.
  • the metal surface is preferably a silver and/or aluminum surface.
  • the expression “long-chain” preferably means a carbon chain with at least 6, preferably 10, more preferably 12, chain-like carbon atoms. The chain is preferably an alkyl chain. Alternatively or additionally preferably, the carbon chain can also have alkene, alkyne or aromatic units.
  • the front-side metallization preferably has silver and/or aluminum. More preferably, it consists essentially of silver and/or aluminum.
  • the rear-side metallization preferably also has silver and/or aluminum or consists essentially of silver and/or aluminum.
  • the self-assembling monolayer is preferably based on one or more alkylamines, one or more alkanethiols and/or one or more carboxylic acids. If desired, the functional groups of the compounds mentioned can be provided with protective groups.
  • the paint is organic. That is, it contains at least one organic compound that forms the protective layer.
  • the polyolefin can be applied to the cell connectors and/or to the metallization, for example in the form of a polyolefin strip.
  • the protective layer is metal-free. This means that the starting material of the protective layer is metal-free and the protective layer itself does not contain any metal, but is designed to carry out chemisorption with the metal surface of the metallization or the cell connectors.
  • the encapsulation material is EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate).
  • EVA is a transparent plastic. During the manufacture of solar modules, this encapsulation material melts in a laminator at high temperatures and encloses the solar cells, which are thus protected from environmental influences.
  • the invention also relates to the use of a metal-free protective layer for coating a metallization of a solar cell and/or a cell connector which is intended to electrically interconnect a number of solar cells in a solar module.
  • FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a solar module according to the prior art
  • 2 shows a cross-sectional view of a solar module according to a first embodiment
  • FIG 3 shows a cross-sectional view of a solar module according to a second embodiment.
  • the solar module has a plate-shaped front-side element 10 , a plate-shaped rear-side element 11 and an encapsulation material 9 which is arranged between the front-side element 10 and the rear-side element 11 . Furthermore, the solar module has a plurality of wafer solar cells 1 electrically connected to one another, only one of which is shown as an example. The solar cells are arranged between the front-side element 10 and the back-side element 11 and are permanently encapsulated in a weather-resistant manner in an encapsulation volume by means of the front-side element 10, the back-side element 11 and the encapsulation material 9 enclosing the solar cells 1 in the form of a laminate.
  • the solar cell 1 has a substrate 2 with a front side 21 and a back side 22 . On the back, i.e. on the back 22, the solar cell 1 has a back passivation layer 3 and a back metallization 4 arranged over the entire surface. A doping layer 6, a front-side passivation layer 7 and a front-side metallization 8 in the form of finger electrodes are arranged on the front side 22.
  • the solar cell 1 is electrically interconnected with the other solar cells via so-called cell connectors in order to form a solar cell string. The cell connectors and the adjacent solar cells are not shown.
  • FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of a solar module according to a first embodiment.
  • the solar module shown in Fig. 2 corresponds to that in Fig. 1 shown solar module with the difference that the front side metallization 8 of the solar cell 1 is provided over the entire surface or for the most part with a protective layer 5.
  • the finger electrodes are provided with the protective layer 5 over the entire surface or for the most part, while the remaining front side of the solar cell 1 has no protective layer.
  • the solar module has a plate-shaped front-side element 10 , a plate-shaped rear-side element 11 and an encapsulation material 9 which is arranged between the front-side element 10 and the rear-side element 11 . Furthermore, the solar module has a plurality of solar cells 1, two of which are shown. The solar cells are arranged between the front-side element 10 and the back-side element 11 and are permanently encapsulated in a weather-resistant manner in an encapsulation volume by means of the front-side element 10, the back-side element 11 and the encapsulation material 9 enclosing the solar cells 1 in the form of a laminate.
  • the solar cells 1 can be designed according to the solar cell shown in FIG.
  • the solar module also has cell connectors 12, one of which is shown and which are arranged and designed in such a way that they electrically connect the solar cells 1 to one another.
  • the cell connectors 12 are provided with a protective layer 5 over the entire surface or for the most part. This protective layer 5 protects the metal of the cell connectors 12 from corrosion in accordance with the statements made above regarding the function of the protective layer 5 on the front-side metallization 8. The statements made in this regard for FIG. 2 apply accordingly to the cell connectors 12 shown in FIG. Reference list:

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a solar module, having: - a panel-shaped front-face element (10) and a panel-shaped rear-face element (11), - an encapsulation material (9) which is arranged between the front-face element (10) and the rear-face element (11), - a plurality of solar cells (1) which are arranged between the front-face element (10) and the rear-face element (11) and are encapsulated in an encapsulation volume so as to be weather-resistant by means of the front-face element (10), the rear-face element (11), and the encapsulation material (9) surrounding the solar cells (1) in the form of a laminate, and - cell connectors (12) which are arranged and designed such that the solar cells (1) are electrically connected together, wherein a metallization (4, 8) of the solar cells (1) and/or the cell connectors (12) are provided with a protective layer (5) over the entire surface or over a large part of the surface thereof. The invention additionally relates to the use of a metal-free protective layer for coating a metallization (4, 8) of a solar cell (1) and/or a cell connector (12) which is designed to electrically connect a plurality of solar cells (1) together in a solar module.

Description

Solarmodul und Verwendung einer Schutzschicht Solar panel and use of a protective layer
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Solarmodul und eine Verwendung einer Schutzschicht. Üblicherweise weist ein Solarmodul ein plattenförmiges Frontseitenelement, ein plattenförmiges Rückseitenelement und ein Verkapselungsmaterial für Solarzellen auf, das zwischen dem Frontseitenelement und dem Rückseitenelement angeordnet ist. Zudem weist das Solarmodul eine Mehrzahl an Solarzellen auf, die zwischen dem Frontseitenelement und dem Rückseitenelement angeordnet sind und mittels des Frontseitenelementes, des Rückseitenelementes und des die Solarzellen umschließenden Verkapselungsmaterials in Form eines Laminats in einem Verkapselungsvolumen witterungsbeständig verkapselt sind. Das Solarmodul enthält weiterhin Zellverbinder, die derart angeordnet und ausgebildet sind, die Solarzellen miteinander elektrisch zu verschalten. The invention relates to a solar module and a use of a protective layer. A solar module usually has a plate-shaped front-side element, a plate-shaped rear-side element and an encapsulation material for solar cells, which is arranged between the front-side element and the rear-side element. In addition, the solar module has a plurality of solar cells which are arranged between the front element and the rear element and are encapsulated in a weatherproof manner in an encapsulation volume by means of the front element, the rear element and the encapsulation material enclosing the solar cells in the form of a laminate. The solar module also contains cell connectors that are arranged and designed in such a way that the solar cells are electrically connected to one another.
Das Solarmodul hat eine Frontseite, durch die bei Betrieb das Sonnenlicht eintritt, und eine Rückseite, die der Frontseite gegenüberliegt und von dem Sonnenlicht abgewandt ist. Die insbesondere auf Halbleiter-Wafer-Basis hergestellten Solarzellen weisen ebenfalls jeweils eine Frontseite, durch die bei Betrieb das Sonnenlicht eintritt, und eine Rückseite auf, die der Frontseite gegenüberliegt und vom Sonnenlicht abgewandt ist. Jede Solarzelle weist ein Substrat und eine Metallisierung üblicherweise in Form einer Frontseiten-Metallisierung und einer Rückseiten-Metallisierung auf, zwischen denen sich das Substrat befindet. In dem Solarmodul stehen die Frontseiten-Metallisierungen und die Rückseiten- Metallisierungen der Solarzellen in mechanischem Kontakt mit dem Verkapselungsmaterial. Bei Betrieb des Solarmoduls kann das Verkapselungsmaterial durch einen Einfluss von Wärme und Feuchtigkeit unter Freisetzung von einem oder mehreren korrosiven Reaktionsprodukten reagieren. Die Feuchtigkeit dringt in der Regel über die umlaufenden Kanten des Solarmoduls in das Solarmodullaminat ein. Das Frontseiten- und Rückseitenelement sind üblicherweise dauerhaft wetterfest. Der kritische Bereich sind die Kanten des Solarmodullaminats. An diesen werden zwar strukturelle Schutzmaßnahmen gegen das Eindringen von Flüssigkeit vorgesehen, jedoch bieten diese im Vergleich zur dauerhaften Dichtheit des Fronseiten- und desThe solar module has a front side through which the sunlight enters during operation and a back side that is opposite the front side and faces away from the sunlight. The solar cells, which are produced in particular on the basis of semiconductor wafers, also each have a front side through which the sunlight enters during operation, and a rear side which is opposite the front side and faces away from the sunlight. Each solar cell has a substrate and a metallization, usually in the form of a front-side metallization and a rear-side metallization, between which the substrate is located. In the solar module, the front-side metallization and the rear-side metallization of the solar cells are in mechanical contact with the encapsulation material. During operation of the solar module, the encapsulation material can react with the release of one or more corrosive reaction products due to the influence of heat and moisture. The moisture usually penetrates into the solar module via the surrounding edges solar module laminate. The front and back panels are typically permanently weatherproof. The critical area is the edges of the solar module laminate. Structural protective measures against the ingress of liquid are provided on these, but compared to the permanent tightness of the front side and the
Rückseitenelements gegenüber eindringender Feuchtigkeit nicht die gleiche Barrierewirkung. Wenn das Verkapselungsmaterial EVA (Ethylenvinylacetat) ist, kann aufgrund eindringender Feuchtigkeit Essigsäure als korrosives Reaktionsprodukt durch Hydrolyse des EVA entstehen. Rear element against penetrating moisture does not have the same barrier effect. When the encapsulating material is EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate), moisture ingress can produce acetic acid as a corrosive reaction product through hydrolysis of the EVA.
Das oder die korrosiven Reaktionsprodukte reagieren wiederum mit den Front- und Rückseitenmetallisierungen der Solarzelle, was zu Fehlerbildern führt. Wenn die Frontseiten-Metallisierungen als Fingerelektroden ausgebildet sind, führt eine Reaktion zwischen den Fingerelektroden und dem korrosiven Reaktionsprodukt beispielsweise zu einer Fingerkorrosion (finger contact loss / FCL) und einem Leistungsverlust der Solarmoduls. Auch die ebenfalls mögliche Korrosion der elektrischen Zellkontaktierung in Form von Zellverbindern führt zu erheblichen Leistungsverlusten des Solarmoduls. Um dieses Problem zu lösen, ist aus einem druckschriftlich nicht belegten Stand der Technik bekannt, das Solarmodul mit vollflächigen Außen -Barrieren wie Metallisierungen, Metallfolien, Polymere oder dgl. zu versehen oder Verkapselungsmaterialien mit besserer Barrierewirkung einzusetzen. Es besteht jedoch weiterhin ein Bedarf an einem Solarmodul mit einer optimierten Langzeitleistung und Beständigkeit angesichts eindringender Feuchtigkeit. The corrosive reaction product or products in turn react with the front and rear metallization of the solar cell, which leads to defects. If the front-side metallizations are designed as finger electrodes, a reaction between the finger electrodes and the corrosive reaction product leads, for example, to finger corrosion (finger contact loss/FCL) and a loss of performance of the solar module. Corrosion of the electrical cell contacts in the form of cell connectors, which is also possible, also leads to considerable power losses in the solar module. In order to solve this problem, it is known from prior art that is not documented in writing to provide the solar module with full-surface external barriers such as metallization, metal foils, polymers or the like, or to use encapsulation materials with a better barrier effect. However, there remains a need for a solar module with optimized long-term performance and resistance to moisture ingress.
Es ist daher eine Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, ein Solarmodul mit einer optimierten Langzeitleistung bereitzustellen. Erfindungsgemäß wird die Aufgabe durch ein Solarmodul gemäß Anspruch 1 und eine durch eine Verwendung gemäß Anspruch 9 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Modifikationen und Weiterbildungen sind in den Unteransprüchen beschrieben. Erfindungsgemäß ist vorgesehen, dass eine Metallisierung der Solarzellen und/oder die Zellverbinder ganzflächig oder zum Großteil mit einer Schutzschicht versehen sind. It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a solar module with an optimized long-term performance. According to the invention, the object is achieved by a solar module according to claim 1 and by a use according to claim 9. Advantageous modifications and developments are described in the dependent claims. According to the invention, it is provided that a metallization of the solar cells and/or the cell connectors are provided with a protective layer over the entire surface or for the most part.
Die Erfindung basiert auf der Grunderkenntnis, dass insbesondere eine Zersetzung des Verkapselungsmaterials die Metalle aus der Metallisierung der Solarzelle korrodiert. Untersuchungen der Erfinder haben gezeigt, dass die vorgesehene Schutzschicht diese Korrosion verhindert oder zumindest signifikant reduziert. Durch das Aufbringen der Schutzschicht wird eine Wechselwirkung und/oder eine Reaktion zwischen der Solarzellen- Metallisierung und dem Verkapselungsmaterial unterbunden, die zu Degradationseffekten führen, so dass ein Schutz für die Frontseiten- Metallisierung und/oder die Zellverbinder erreicht wird. Das Solarmodul erhält dadurch eine verbesserte Langzeitstabilität hinsichtlich der erbrachten Leistung. The invention is based on the basic knowledge that decomposition of the encapsulation material in particular corrodes the metals from the metallization of the solar cell. Investigations by the inventors have shown that the protective layer provided prevents this corrosion or at least significantly reduces it. The application of the protective layer prevents an interaction and/or a reaction between the solar cell metallization and the encapsulation material, which leads to degradation effects, so that protection for the front-side metallization and/or the cell connectors is achieved. This gives the solar module improved long-term stability with regard to the output provided.
Unter dem Ausdruck „zum Großteil mit einer Schutzschicht versehen“ ist zu verstehen, dass >90%, bevorzugt >95% ihrer jeweiligen Oberfläche mit der Schutzschicht versehen sind. Dabei ist eine Oberfläche gemeint, die nicht mit weiteren Bestandteilen der Solarzelle in Kontakt ist, vielmehr ist eine freiliegende Oberfläche der Frontseiten-Metallisierung und/oder des Zellverbinders gemeint, wenn die Solarzelle fertig hergestellt, um in das Verkapselungsmaterial einlaminiert zu werden. The expression "provided for the most part with a protective layer" is to be understood as meaning that >90%, preferably >95% of their respective surface is provided with the protective layer. This means a surface that is not in contact with other components of the solar cell, rather an exposed surface of the front side metallization and/or the cell connector is meant when the solar cell is ready to be laminated into the encapsulation material.
Bei der mit der Schutzschicht versehenen Metallisierung der Solarzellen kann es sich um die jeweilige Frontseiten-Metallisierung und/oder Rückseiten- Metallisierung der Solarzellen handeln. The metallization of the solar cells provided with the protective layer can be the respective front-side metallization and/or rear-side metallization of the solar cells.
Die Solarzellen können als monofaziale oder bifaziale Solarzellen ausgebildet sein. Monofaziale Solarzellen können nur auf ihre Vorderseite einfallendes Licht verwerten, während eine bifaziale Solarzelle einfallendes Sonnenlicht von zwei Seiten ausnutzen kann. Die bifaziale Solarzelle kann nicht nur einen direkten Lichteinfall über die Frontseite, sondern auch einen direkten oder indirekten Lichteinfall über die Rückseite verwerten, letzteres beispielsweise in Form reflektierten Sonnenlichts. Die monofaziale Solarzelle weist bevorzugt die Frontseiten-Metallisierung in Form von Fingerelektroden und die Rückseiten-Metallisierung in Form einer vollflächigen Metallisierung auf. Die bifaziale Solarzelle weist bevorzugt die Frontseiten-Metallisierung in Form von Fingerelektroden und die Rückseiten-Metallisierung in Form von Fingerelektroden auf. Bevorzugt ist die Metallisierung mit der Schutzschicht versehen, wenn sie in Form von Fingerelektroden vorliegt. The solar cells can be designed as monofacial or bifacial solar cells. Monofacial solar cells can only utilize light incident on their front side, while a bifacial solar cell can utilize sunlight incident on two sides. The bifacial solar cell can not only absorb direct light from the front, but also a direct or use indirect incidence of light from the back, the latter in the form of reflected sunlight, for example. The monofacial solar cell preferably has the front-side metallization in the form of finger electrodes and the rear-side metallization in the form of full-surface metallization. The bifacial solar cell preferably has the front-side metallization in the form of finger electrodes and the rear-side metallization in the form of finger electrodes. The metallization is preferably provided with the protective layer if it is in the form of finger electrodes.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist die Frontseiten-Metallisierung der Solarzellen ganzflächig oder zum Großteil mit der Schutzschicht versehen.In a preferred embodiment, the front side metallization of the solar cells is provided with the protective layer over the entire surface or for the most part.
Diese Ausführungsform ist insbesondere bevorzugt, wenn die Solarzellen monofaziale Solarzellen sind, die eine Frontseiten-Metallisierung in Form von Fingerelektroden und die Rückseiten-Metallisierung in Form einer vollflächigen Metallisierung aufweisen. This embodiment is particularly preferred when the solar cells are monofacial solar cells that have front-side metallization in the form of finger electrodes and rear-side metallization in the form of full-surface metallization.
Wenn die Solarzellen bifazial ausgebildet sind, und sie die Frontseiten- Metallisierung in Form von Fingerelektroden und die Rückseiten-Metallisierung in Form von Fingerelektroden aufweisen, sind bevorzugt die Frontseiten- Metallisierung der Solarzellen und die Rückseiten-Metallisierung der Solarzellen mit der Schutzschicht versehen. If the solar cells are bifacial and have the front-side metallization in the form of finger electrodes and the rear-side metallization in the form of finger electrodes, the front-side metallization of the solar cells and the rear-side metallization of the solar cells are preferably provided with the protective layer.
Entsprechend zum Einsatz der jeweiligen Solarzellen mit bifazialen oder monofazialen Eigenschaften ist auch das mit diesen Solarzellen hergestellte Solarmodul bifazial oder monofazial ausgebildet. Bei dem bifazialen Solarmodul wird vorzugsweise eine für Licht weitestgehend transparente Folie oder ein Glas als Rückseitenelement verwendet. So kann Licht, dass ungenutzt durch das Modul geht und reflektiertes Licht aus der Umgebung über die Rückseite des Solarmoduls genutzt werden. Corresponding to the use of the respective solar cells with bifacial or monofacial properties, the solar module produced with these solar cells is also bifacial or monofacial. In the case of the bifacial solar module, a film that is largely transparent to light or glass is preferably used as the rear element. In this way, light that goes unused through the module and reflected light from the environment can be used via the back of the solar module.
Die Solarzellen weisen bevorzugt jeweils die Frontseiten-Metallisierung in Form von Fingerelektroden auf. Bevorzugt sind die Fingerelektroden ganzflächig oder zum Großteil mit der Schutzschicht versehen, während die restliche Frontseite der Solarzelle schutzschichtlos, d.h. nicht mit ihr versehen, ist. Unter den Ausdruck „schutzschichtlos“ bedeutet, dass dabei von Überlappungen der Schutzschicht im Submillimeterbereich am Rande der Fingerelektroden abgesehen wird. Durch die Schutzschicht werden Fingerkorrosion und FLC verhindert oder zumindest reduziert. The solar cells preferably each have the front side metallization in the form of finger electrodes. The finger electrodes are preferably provided with the protective layer over their entire surface or for the most part, while the rest of the front side the solar cell has no protective layer, ie is not provided with it. The expression “without a protective layer” means that there are no overlaps in the protective layer in the submillimeter range at the edge of the finger electrodes. The protective layer prevents or at least reduces finger corrosion and FLC.
Wenn die Solarzellen jeweils die Rückseiten-Metallisierung in Form von Fingerelektroden aufweisen, sind diese Fingerelektroden bevorzugt ebenfalls ganzflächig oder zum Großteil mit der Schutzschicht versehen, während die restliche Rückseite der Solarzelle schutzschichtlos, d.h. nicht mit der Schutzschicht versehen, ist. If the solar cells each have the rear side metallization in the form of finger electrodes, these finger electrodes are preferably also provided with the protective layer over the entire surface or for the most part, while the remaining rear side of the solar cell has no protective layer, i.e. is not provided with the protective layer.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist ein Material der Schutzschicht ausgewählt, aus der Gruppe, bestehend aus Lack, Polyolefin und/oder selbstorganisierende Monoschicht. In a preferred embodiment, a material of the protective layer is selected from the group consisting of lacquer, polyolefin and/or self-assembling monolayer.
Die selbstorganisierende Monoschicht weist bevorzugt eine langkettige Verbindung mit einer funktionellen Gruppe auf, die ausgebildet ist, eine Chemisorption an einer Metalloberfläche auszuführen. Bevorzugter besteht die selbstorganisierende Monoschicht, auch SAM (Self-Assembled Monolayer) genannt, aus dieser Verbindung. Die Metalloberfläche ist bevorzugte eine Silber- und/oder Aluminiumoberfläche. Unter den Ausdruck „langkettig“ ist bevorzugt eine Kohlen Stoff kette mit mindestens 6, bevorzugt 10, bevorzugter 12, kettenartig angeordneten Kohlenstoffatomen, zu verstehen. Bei der Kette handelt es sich bevorzugt um eine Alkylkette. Alternativ oder zusätzlich bevorzugt kann die Kohlen Stoff kette auch Alken-, Alkin- oder Aromaten- Einheiten aufweisen. The self-assembling monolayer preferably comprises a long-chain compound having a functional group adapted to undergo chemisorption at a metal surface. More preferably, the self-assembling monolayer, also called SAM (Self-Assembled Monolayer), consists of this compound. The metal surface is preferably a silver and/or aluminum surface. The expression “long-chain” preferably means a carbon chain with at least 6, preferably 10, more preferably 12, chain-like carbon atoms. The chain is preferably an alkyl chain. Alternatively or additionally preferably, the carbon chain can also have alkene, alkyne or aromatic units.
Bevorzugt weist die Frontseiten-Metallisierung Silber- und/oder Aluminium auf. Bevorzugter besteht sie im Wesentlichen aus Silber und/oder Aluminium. Die Rückseiten-Metallisierung weist bevorzugt ebenfalls Silber und/oder Aluminium auf oder besteht im Wesentlichen aus Silber und/oder Aluminium. Bevorzugt basiert die selbstorganisierende Monoschicht auf einem oder mehreren Alkylaminen, einem oder mehreren Alkanthiolen und/oder einer oder mehreren Carboxylsäuren. Die funktionellen Gruppen der genannten Verbindungen können, wenn gewünscht, mit Schutzgruppen versehen sein. The front-side metallization preferably has silver and/or aluminum. More preferably, it consists essentially of silver and/or aluminum. The rear-side metallization preferably also has silver and/or aluminum or consists essentially of silver and/or aluminum. The self-assembling monolayer is preferably based on one or more alkylamines, one or more alkanethiols and/or one or more carboxylic acids. If desired, the functional groups of the compounds mentioned can be provided with protective groups.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist der Lack organisch. D.h., er enthält mindestens eine organische Verbindung, die die Schutzschicht ausbildet. In a preferred embodiment, the paint is organic. That is, it contains at least one organic compound that forms the protective layer.
Das Polyolefin ist beispielsweise in Form eines Polyolefin-Streifens auf die Zellverbinder und/oder auf die Metallisierung aufbringbar. The polyolefin can be applied to the cell connectors and/or to the metallization, for example in the form of a polyolefin strip.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist die Schutzschicht metallfrei. D.h., dass das Ausgangsmaterial der Schutzschicht metallfrei ist, und die Schutzschicht an sich kein Metall enthält, aber ausgebildet ist mit der Metalloberfläche der Metallisierung oder den Zellverbindern eine Chemiesorption auszuführen. In a preferred embodiment, the protective layer is metal-free. This means that the starting material of the protective layer is metal-free and the protective layer itself does not contain any metal, but is designed to carry out chemisorption with the metal surface of the metallization or the cell connectors.
Bevorzugt ist das Verkapselungsmaterial EVA (Ethylenvinylacetat). EVA ist ein transparenter Kunststoff. Bei der Solarmodulherstellung schmilzt dieses Verkapselungsmaterial bei hohen Temperaturen in einem Laminator und umschließt die Solarzellen, die dadurch vor Umwelteinflüssen geschützt sind. Preferably the encapsulation material is EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate). EVA is a transparent plastic. During the manufacture of solar modules, this encapsulation material melts in a laminator at high temperatures and encloses the solar cells, which are thus protected from environmental influences.
Die Erfindung betrifft ferner eine Verwendung einer metallfreien Schutzschicht zum Beschichten einer Metallisierung einer Solarzelle und/oder eines Zellverbinders, der vorgesehen ist, mehrere Solarzellen in einem Solarmodul elektrisch miteinander zu verschalten. The invention also relates to the use of a metal-free protective layer for coating a metallization of a solar cell and/or a cell connector which is intended to electrically interconnect a number of solar cells in a solar module.
Zu dem Solarmodul beschriebene Vorteile, Modifikationen und Weiterbildungen der Schutzschicht gelten für die Verwendung der Schutzschicht entsprechend. Die verwendete Schutzschicht entspricht der vorstehend in Bezug auf das Solarmodul beschriebenen Schutzschicht. Die Erfindung wird im Folgenden anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen unter Bezugnahme auf die Figuren erläutert. Hierbei zeigen schematisch und nicht maßstabsgerecht: Advantages, modifications and developments of the protective layer described for the solar module apply correspondingly to the use of the protective layer. The protective layer used corresponds to the protective layer described above in relation to the solar module. The invention is explained below using exemplary embodiments with reference to the figures. Here are shown schematically and not to scale:
Fig. 1 eine Querschnittsansicht eines Solarmoduls gemäß Stand der Technik; Fig. 2 eine Querschnittsansicht eines Solarmoduls gemäß einer ersten Ausführungsform; und 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a solar module according to the prior art; 2 shows a cross-sectional view of a solar module according to a first embodiment; and
Fig. 3 eine Querschnittsansicht eines Solarmoduls gemäß einer zweiten Ausführungsform. 3 shows a cross-sectional view of a solar module according to a second embodiment.
Fig. 1 zeigt eine Querschnittsansicht eines Solarmoduls gemäß Stand der Technik. Das Solarmodul weist ein plattenförmiges Frontseitenelement 10, ein plattenförmiges Rückseitenelement 11 und ein Verkapselungsmaterial 9 auf, das zwischen dem Frontseitenelement 10 und dem Rückseitenelement 11 angeordnet ist. Ferner weist das Solarmodul eine Mehrzahl miteinander elektrisch verschalteter Wafer-Solarzellen 1 auf, von denen exemplarisch nur eine gezeigt ist. Die Solarzellen sind zwischen dem Frontseitenelement 10 und dem Rückseitenelement 11 angeordnet und mittels des Frontseitenelementes 10, des Rückseitenelementes 11 und des die Solarzellen 1 umschließenden Verkapselungsmaterials 9 in Form eines Laminats in einem Verkapselungsvolumen dauerhaft witterungsbeständig verkapselt. Die Solarzelle 1 weist ein Substrat 2 mit einer Frontseite 21 und einer Rückseite 22 auf. Rückseitig, d.h. auf der Rückseite 22, weist die Solarzelle 1 eine Rückseiten-Passivierschicht 3 und eine vollflächig angeordnete Rückseiten- Metallisierung 4 auf. Auf der Frontseite 22 sind eine Dotierschicht 6, eine Frontseiten-Passivierschicht 7 und eine Frontseiten -Metallisierung 8 in Form von Fingerelektroden angeordnet. Die Solarzelle 1 ist mit den weiteren Solarzellen über so genannte Zellverbinder elektrisch miteinander verschaltet, um einen Solarzellen-String auszubilden. Die Zellverbinder und die benachbarten Solarzellen sind nicht dargestellt. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a solar module according to the prior art. The solar module has a plate-shaped front-side element 10 , a plate-shaped rear-side element 11 and an encapsulation material 9 which is arranged between the front-side element 10 and the rear-side element 11 . Furthermore, the solar module has a plurality of wafer solar cells 1 electrically connected to one another, only one of which is shown as an example. The solar cells are arranged between the front-side element 10 and the back-side element 11 and are permanently encapsulated in a weather-resistant manner in an encapsulation volume by means of the front-side element 10, the back-side element 11 and the encapsulation material 9 enclosing the solar cells 1 in the form of a laminate. The solar cell 1 has a substrate 2 with a front side 21 and a back side 22 . On the back, i.e. on the back 22, the solar cell 1 has a back passivation layer 3 and a back metallization 4 arranged over the entire surface. A doping layer 6, a front-side passivation layer 7 and a front-side metallization 8 in the form of finger electrodes are arranged on the front side 22. The solar cell 1 is electrically interconnected with the other solar cells via so-called cell connectors in order to form a solar cell string. The cell connectors and the adjacent solar cells are not shown.
Fig. 2 zeigt eine Querschnittsansicht eines Solarmoduls gemäß einer ersten Ausführungsform. Das in Fig. 2 gezeigte Solarmodul entspricht dem in Fig. 1 gezeigten Solarmodul mit dem Unterschied, dass die Frontseiten-Metallisierung 8 der Solarzelle 1 ganzflächig oder zum Großteil mit einer Schutzschicht 5 versehen ist. Die Fingerelektrode sind ganzflächig oder zum Großteil mit der Schutzschicht 5 versehen, während die restliche Frontseite der Solarzelle 1 schutzschichtlos ist. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of a solar module according to a first embodiment. The solar module shown in Fig. 2 corresponds to that in Fig. 1 shown solar module with the difference that the front side metallization 8 of the solar cell 1 is provided over the entire surface or for the most part with a protective layer 5. The finger electrodes are provided with the protective layer 5 over the entire surface or for the most part, while the remaining front side of the solar cell 1 has no protective layer.
Fig. 3 zeigt eine Querschnittsansicht eines Solarmoduls gemäß einer zweiten Ausführungsform. Das Solarmodul weist ein plattenförmiges Frontseitenelement 10, ein plattenförmiges Rückseitenelement 11 und ein Verkapselungsmaterial 9 auf, das zwischen dem Frontseitenelement 10 und dem Rückseitenelement 11 angeordnet ist. Ferner weist das Solarmodul eine Mehrzahl an Solarzellen 1 auf, von denen zwei gezeigt sind. Die Solarzellen sind zwischen dem Frontseitenelement 10 und dem Rückseitenelement 11 angeordnet und mittels des Frontseitenelementes 10, des Rückseitenelementes 11 und des die Solarzellen 1 umschließenden Verkapselungsmaterials 9 in Form eines Laminats in einem Verkapselungsvolumen dauerhaft witterungsbeständig verkapselt. Die Solarzellen 1 können gemäß der in Fig. 1 oder 2 gezeigten Solarzelle ausgebildet sein. Das Solarmodul weist weiterhin Zellverbinder 12 auf, von denen einer gezeigt ist und die derart angeordnet und ausgebildet sind, dass sie die Solarzellen 1 miteinander elektrisch verschalten. Die Zellverbinder 12 sind ganzflächig oder zum Großteil mit einer Schutzschicht 5 versehen. Diese Schutzschicht 5 schützt die das Metall der Zellverbinder 12 vor Korrosion entsprechend den vorangehend gemachten Ausführungen zur Funktion der Schutzschicht 5 auf der Frontseiten-Metallisierung 8. Die diesbezüglich zur Fig. 2 gemachten Ausführungen gelten entsprechend für die in Fig. 3 gezeigten Zellverbinder 12. Bezugszeichenliste: 3 shows a cross-sectional view of a solar module according to a second embodiment. The solar module has a plate-shaped front-side element 10 , a plate-shaped rear-side element 11 and an encapsulation material 9 which is arranged between the front-side element 10 and the rear-side element 11 . Furthermore, the solar module has a plurality of solar cells 1, two of which are shown. The solar cells are arranged between the front-side element 10 and the back-side element 11 and are permanently encapsulated in a weather-resistant manner in an encapsulation volume by means of the front-side element 10, the back-side element 11 and the encapsulation material 9 enclosing the solar cells 1 in the form of a laminate. The solar cells 1 can be designed according to the solar cell shown in FIG. 1 or 2 . The solar module also has cell connectors 12, one of which is shown and which are arranged and designed in such a way that they electrically connect the solar cells 1 to one another. The cell connectors 12 are provided with a protective layer 5 over the entire surface or for the most part. This protective layer 5 protects the metal of the cell connectors 12 from corrosion in accordance with the statements made above regarding the function of the protective layer 5 on the front-side metallization 8. The statements made in this regard for FIG. 2 apply accordingly to the cell connectors 12 shown in FIG. Reference list:
1 Solarzelle 1 solar cell
2 Substrat 2 substrate
3 Rückseiten-Passivierschicht 3 back side passivation layer
4 Rückseiten-Metallisierung 4 Back Metallization
5 Schutzschicht 5 protective layer
6 Dotierschicht 6 doping layer
7 Frontseiten-Passivierschicht 7 front passivation layer
8 Frontseiten-Metallisierung 8 Front Metallization
9 Verkapselungsmaterial 9 Encapsulation Material
10 Frontseitenverkapselungselement10 front encapsulation element
11 Rückseitenverkapselungselement11 backside encapsulation element
12 Zellverbinder 12 cell connectors
21 Frontseite 21 front
22 Rückseite 22 back

Claims

Patentansprüche: Patent Claims:
1. Solarmodul, aufweisend ein plattenförmiges Frontseitenelement (10) und ein plattenförmiges Rückseitenelement (11) ein Verkapselungsmaterial (9), das zwischen dem Frontseitenelement (10) und dem Rückseitenelement (11) angeordnet ist, eine Mehrzahl an Solarzellen (1), die zwischen dem Frontseitenelement (10) und dem Rückseitenelement (11) angeordnet sind und mittels des Frontseitenelementes (10), des Rückseitenelementes (11) und des die Solarzellen (1) umschließenden Verkapselungsmaterials (9) in Form eines Laminats in einem Verkapselungsvolumen witterungsbeständig verkapselt sind, 1. Solar module, having a plate-shaped front-side element (10) and a plate-shaped rear-side element (11), an encapsulation material (9) which is arranged between the front-side element (10) and the rear-side element (11), a plurality of solar cells (1) which are arranged between are arranged on the front side element (10) and the rear side element (11) and are encapsulated in a weatherproof manner in an encapsulation volume by means of the front side element (10), the rear side element (11) and the encapsulation material (9) surrounding the solar cells (1) in the form of a laminate,
Zellverbinder (12), die derart angeordnet und ausgebildet sind, die Solarzellen (1 ) miteinander elektrisch zu verschalten, wobei Cell connectors (12) which are arranged and designed in such a way that the solar cells (1) are electrically connected to one another, wherein
- eine Metallisierung (4, 8) der Solarzellen (1 ) und/oder die Zellverbinder (12) ganzflächig oder zum Großteil mit einer Schutzschicht (5) versehen sind. - A metallization (4, 8) of the solar cells (1) and/or the cell connectors (12) are provided with a protective layer (5) over the entire surface or for the most part.
2. Solarmodul nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Solarzellen (1) jeweils eine Frontseiten-Metallisierung (8) und/oder eine Rückseiten- Metallisierung (4) in Form von Fingerelektroden aufweisen, wobei die Fingerelektroden ganzflächig oder zum Großteil mit der Schutzschicht (5) versehen sind, während die restliche Frontseite der Solarzelle (1) schutzschichtlos ist. 2. Solar module according to claim 1, characterized in that the solar cells (1) each have a front-side metallization (8) and/or a rear-side metallization (4) in the form of finger electrodes, the finger electrodes having the protective layer over the entire surface or for the most part (5) are provided, while the rest of the front side of the solar cell (1) has no protective layer.
3. Solarmodul nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Material der Schutzschicht (5) ausgewählt ist aus der Gruppe, bestehend aus Lack, Polyolefin und/oder selbstorganisierende Monoschicht. 3. Solar module according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a material of the protective layer (5) is selected from the group consisting of paint, polyolefin and / or self-organizing monolayer.
4. Solarmodul nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die selbstorganisierende Monoschicht eine langkettige Verbindung mit einer funktionellen Gruppe aufweist, die ausgebildet ist, eine Chemisorption an einer Metalloberfläche auszuführen. 4. Solar module according to claim 3, characterized in that the self-organizing monolayer has a long-chain compound with a functional group configured to perform chemisorption on a metal surface.
5. Solarmodul nach Anspruch 3 oder 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die selbstorganisierende Monoschicht auf einem oder mehreren Alkylaminen, einem oder mehreren Alkanthiolen und/oder einer oder mehreren Carboxylsäuren basiert. 5. Solar module according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the self-organizing monolayer is based on one or more alkylamines, one or more alkanethiols and/or one or more carboxylic acids.
6. Solarmodul nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Lack organisch ist. 6. Solar module according to claim 3, characterized in that the paint is organic.
7. Solarmodul nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schutzschicht (5) metallfrei ist. 7. Solar module according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the protective layer (5) is metal-free.
8. Solarmodul nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Verkapselungsmaterial (9) EVA (Ethylenvinylacetat) ist. 8. Solar module according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the encapsulation material (9) is EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate).
9. Verwendung einer metallfreien Schutzschicht zum Beschichten einer Metallisierung (4, 8) einer Solarzelle (1) und/oder eines Zellverbinders (12), der vorgesehen ist, mehrere Solarzellen (1) in einem Solarmodul elektrisch miteinander zu verschalten. 9. Use of a metal-free protective layer for coating a metallization (4, 8) of a solar cell (1) and/or a cell connector (12) which is intended to electrically interconnect a plurality of solar cells (1) in a solar module.
EP22747252.9A 2021-05-06 2022-05-05 Solar module and use of a protective layer Pending EP4334982A1 (en)

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